CN220895771U - Separator for preventing battery from burning and battery - Google Patents

Separator for preventing battery from burning and battery Download PDF

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Publication number
CN220895771U
CN220895771U CN202321812006.XU CN202321812006U CN220895771U CN 220895771 U CN220895771 U CN 220895771U CN 202321812006 U CN202321812006 U CN 202321812006U CN 220895771 U CN220895771 U CN 220895771U
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battery
temperature
separator
film layer
thermal deformation
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CN202321812006.XU
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Chinese (zh)
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臧世伟
刘文卿
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Shenzhen Jinmei New Material Technology Co ltd
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Shenzhen Jinmei New Material Technology Co ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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Abstract

The present utility model provides a separator for preventing combustion of a battery and a battery, the separator comprising: the film comprises a film substrate and a plurality of holes arranged on the film substrate, wherein the film substrate is made of a thermal deformation material; the thermal deformation material is a memory material, when the temperature of the battery is increased, the memory material deforms, and when the temperature of the battery is reduced, the memory material returns to the original state. When the diaphragm is applied to a battery, when the temperature of the battery is close to the ignition point or has a burning tendency, namely, when the temperature inside the battery reaches the deformation temperature of the diaphragm matrix, the diaphragm matrix deforms, so that holes on the diaphragm can be closed in time, the ion transmission inside the battery is cut off, the current inside the battery is cut off, and the battery is prevented from burning.

Description

Separator for preventing battery from burning and battery
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a separator for preventing combustion of a battery and the battery.
Background
The ion battery has higher energy density and cycle performance, is widely applied in the fields of consumer electronics, electric automobiles, energy storage and the like, and has great attention in the industry under the background of the times, and the development of the ion battery has great economic and social significance.
However, the safety problem of the use of the ion battery cannot be ignored, the ion battery is available according to the electric power formula w= UIt, and under the condition that the current flowing through the battery is the same in the same time, the higher the discharge voltage of the battery is, the larger the acting power is, namely the higher the internal resistance of the ion battery is, the acting power and the heating are, and the temperature of the battery is also gradually increased; the working temperature of the battery is too high, so that serious thermal hazard effect is caused, and safety accidents such as fire and explosion are finally caused.
Currently, there is a need for a new battery that can solve the problem of timely digesting heat inside the battery when the temperature inside the battery is out of control, avoiding ignition and burning, and improving the service life of the battery.
Disclosure of utility model
In view of the above, an object of the embodiments of the present utility model is to provide a separator for preventing combustion of a battery and a battery, so as to solve the technical problem that the battery is easy to burn due to the fact that the temperature inside the battery is out of control and heat is difficult to digest in the battery.
To achieve the above object, in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present utility model provides a separator for preventing combustion of a battery, the separator comprising: a membrane substrate and a plurality of first holes arranged on the membrane substrate;
the membrane matrix is made of a thermal deformation material;
The thermal deformation material is a memory material, when the temperature of the battery is increased, the memory material deforms, and when the temperature of the battery is reduced, the memory material is restored to the original state.
In some possible embodiments, the plurality of first holes are disposed on and through the membrane substrate at intervals.
In some possible embodiments, the thermal deformation material has a thermal deformation temperature that is lower than the thermal runaway temperature of the battery.
In some possible embodiments, the thermal deformation temperature of the thermal deformation material is 1 degree to 50 degrees below the thermal runaway temperature of the battery.
In some possible embodiments, the separator further comprises: the first film layer and the second film layer are respectively arranged on two surfaces of the film substrate, and the heat conductivity coefficients of the first film layer and the second film layer are the same;
The first film layer and the second film layer are provided with second holes, and the second holes are larger than or equal to the first holes.
In some possible embodiments, the first and second thin film layers have a thermal conductivity greater than the film matrix and the first and second thin film layers have a thermal conductivity less than the electrolyte.
In some possible embodiments, the film substrate is polypropylene, polystyrene, polychloroethylene, polyethylene, or polyamide.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present utility model further provides a battery, including: the lithium ion battery comprises a shell, a positive pole piece, a negative pole piece, electrolyte and a diaphragm; the positive pole piece, the negative pole piece, the electrolyte and the diaphragm are all arranged in the shell; wherein,
The diaphragm is positioned between the positive pole piece and the negative pole piece.
In some possible embodiments, the membrane matrix of the separator separates the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet.
In some possible embodiments, the electrolyte comprises an organic solvent, a solute, and an additive, wherein the organic solvent is ethylene carbonate, the solute is lithium perchlorate, and the additive is lithium difluorooxalato borate.
The beneficial technical effects of the technical scheme are as follows:
the embodiment of the utility model provides a diaphragm for preventing combustion of a battery and the battery, wherein the diaphragm comprises: the film comprises a film substrate and a plurality of holes arranged on the film substrate, wherein the film substrate is made of a thermal deformation material; the thermal deformation material is a memory material, when the temperature of the battery is increased, the memory material deforms, and when the temperature of the battery is reduced, the memory material returns to the original state. When the diaphragm is applied to a battery, when the temperature of the battery is close to the ignition point or has a burning tendency, namely, when the temperature inside the battery reaches the deformation temperature of the diaphragm matrix, the diaphragm matrix deforms, so that holes on the diaphragm can be closed in time, the ion transmission inside the battery is cut off, the current inside the battery is cut off, and the battery is prevented from burning.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the utility model, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a top view of a first separator for preventing combustion of a battery embodying the present utility model;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a first separator for preventing combustion of a battery embodying the present utility model;
FIG. 3 is a top view of a second separator for preventing combustion of a battery embodying the present utility model;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a second separator for preventing combustion of a battery embodying the present utility model;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of a battery of the present utility model.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1. A diaphragm; 10. a film substrate; 11. a first film layer; 12. a second film layer; 101. a first hole; 102. a second hole;
2. A battery; 20. a housing; 21. a positive electrode sheet; 22. and a negative pole piece.
Detailed Description
Features and exemplary embodiments of various aspects of the utility model are described in detail below. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the utility model. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the present utility model may be practiced without some of these specific details. The following description of the embodiments is merely intended to provide a better understanding of the utility model by showing examples of the utility model. In the drawings and the following description, at least some well-known structures and techniques have not been shown in detail in order not to unnecessarily obscure the present utility model; also, the dimensions of some of the structures may be exaggerated for clarity. Furthermore, the described features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.
Fig. 1 is a top view of a first separator for preventing combustion of a battery according to an embodiment of the present utility model, and fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the first separator for preventing combustion of a battery according to an embodiment of the present utility model. As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the diaphragm 1 includes: the membrane comprises a membrane matrix 10 and a plurality of first holes 101 arranged on the membrane matrix 10, wherein the membrane matrix 10 is made of a thermal deformation material. In this embodiment, the film substrate 10 may be made of a material that can be deformed at a specific temperature, i.e. a thermal deformation material, and when the temperature of the battery approaches the ignition point or has a tendency to burn, the film substrate 10 starts to deform due to the temperature rise, so that the first hole 101 on the film substrate 10 can be partially or completely covered, and the partial ion transmission inside the battery is reduced, thereby reducing the probability of thermal runaway.
In this embodiment, the thermal deformation material may be a memory material. In particular, the thermal deformation material is preferably a deformation material having a memory effect, i.e., a memory material; the deformation material with memory effect means that the deformation material is deformed at a certain temperature, but after the temperature is reduced, the deformation material is restored to a state without deformation, especially when the temperature of the battery is a certain temperature space away from the thermal runaway temperature, at this time, if the deformation is not restored, although the risk of thermal runaway can be reduced, the efficiency of the battery is reduced after the temperature is reduced, but if the deformation material with memory effect is used, after the deformation material deforms a part of the closed hole 101, the deformation material can be restored, the temperature rise of the battery is not reduced, and then the use after the temperature reduction is performed. In this embodiment, the memory effect thermal deformation material may be a memory alloy material in the existing materials.
In this embodiment, when the separator 1 is disposed between the positive electrode tab 21 and the negative electrode tab 22 of the battery, the membrane substrate 10 can isolate the positive electrode tab 21 and the negative electrode tab 22. When the separator 1 in this embodiment is used in a battery, when the temperature of the battery approaches the ignition point or has a tendency to burn, that is, when the temperature in the battery reaches the deformation temperature of the membrane substrate 10, the first hole 101 on the membrane substrate 10 can be closed in time, so as to cut off the ion transmission in the battery and cut off the current in the battery, thereby preventing the battery from burning.
In some embodiments, the first holes 101 are disposed on the film substrate 10 at intervals, and may be disposed in rows or columns, the shape of the first holes 101 may be circular, square, or triangular, etc., and the embodiment is not particularly limited, and the first holes 101 penetrate through the film substrate 10 to facilitate the transmission of ions from the first holes 101.
In some embodiments, the deformation temperature of the thermal deformation material is below the thermal runaway temperature of the battery. Specifically, the lithium titanate battery and the lithium iron battery are taken as examples, the thermal runaway temperatures of the lithium titanate battery and the lithium iron battery are respectively 150 ℃ and 200 ℃, when the thermal runaway temperatures are respectively 150 ℃, the thermal deformation temperature of the thermal deformation material can be lower than 150 ℃, when the thermal runaway temperatures of the thermal deformation material are respectively 200 ℃, the thermal deformation temperature of the thermal deformation material can be lower than 200 ℃, and the thermal deformation material of the film substrate 10 can be Polyethylene (PE) or polyamide, and the thermal deformation temperature of the thermal deformation material is 100 °; in addition, in the present embodiment, the thermal runaway temperature of the battery can be found by the hot box test.
In some embodiments, the thermal deformation temperature of the thermal deformation material is 1 degree to 50 degrees below the thermal runaway temperature of the battery. In this embodiment, the advantage of the thermal deformation temperature being 1-50 ℃ lower than the thermal runaway temperature is that, for example, 50 ℃, when the battery temperature reaches the thermal runaway temperature even 50 °, the membrane substrate 10 starts to slightly deform, so that the first hole 101 on the membrane substrate 10 can be partially covered, and the ion transmission in the battery can be reduced, thereby reducing the probability of thermal runaway. When the temperature reaches the thermal runaway temperature, the thermal deformation material is thoroughly deformed, the first holes 101 on the membrane substrate 10 are all sealed, and meanwhile, the thermal deformation itself can absorb a certain amount of heat, so that the risk of battery combustion is further reduced.
Fig. 3 is a top view of a second separator for preventing combustion of a battery according to an embodiment of the present utility model, and fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the second separator for preventing combustion of a battery according to an embodiment of the present utility model. As shown in fig. 3 and 4, in some embodiments, the membrane 1 may further comprise:
The first film layer 11 and the second film layer 12 are respectively arranged on two surfaces of the film substrate 10, and the heat conductivity coefficients of the first film layer 11 and the second film layer 12 are the same; and the first film layer 11 and the second film layer 12 are provided with second holes 102, and the second holes 102 are larger than or equal to the first holes 101 on the film substrate 10.
In this embodiment, since the thermal conductivity of the first film layer 11 and the second film layer 12 is greater than that of the film substrate 10, heat can be further transferred and dispersed, and meanwhile, since the film substrate 10 is made of a shape memory material, deformation can occur when heated, and heat can be absorbed when deformed, so that the film substrate has a function of further dispersing heat.
In some embodiments, the first and second thin film layers 11, 12 have a thermal conductivity greater than that of the film base 10, and the first and second thin film layers 11, 12 have a thermal conductivity less than that of the electrolyte.
In this embodiment, since the heat conductivity coefficients of the first film layer 11 and the second film layer 12 are smaller than those of the electrolyte, the temperature in the electrolyte can be rapidly diffused to the first film layer 11 and the second film layer 12, which is beneficial to heat dissipation of the battery, and meanwhile, the electrolyte is prevented from being decomposed to generate hydrofluoric acid to reduce the service life of the battery, and meanwhile, the thermal runaway of the battery can be prevented. In some embodiments, the film substrate 10 may be polypropylene, polystyrene, polychloroetene, polyethylene, or polyamide. Specifically, the material of the film base 10 in this embodiment may be selected according to the thermal runaway temperature of the battery, as long as the thermal deformation temperature of the material of the film base 10 is lower than the thermal runaway temperature of the battery, with the thermal deformation temperature of polypropylene (PP) being 160 ℃, the thermal deformation temperature of Polystyrene (PS) being 200 ℃, the thermal deformation temperature of Polychlorene (PVC) being 220, and the thermal deformation temperature of polypropylene (PP) being 160 ℃, the thermal deformation temperature of Polychlorene (PVC) being 220.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of a battery of the present utility model, as shown in fig. 5, and in some embodiments, the battery 2 includes: a case 20, and a positive electrode tab 21, a negative electrode tab 22, and an electrolyte, and a separator 1, which are positioned inside the case 20; the positive electrode piece 21, the negative electrode piece 22, the electrolyte and the diaphragm 1 are all arranged in the casing 20; wherein the separator 1 is located between the positive electrode tab 21 and the negative electrode tab 22.
Because the diaphragm 1 in this embodiment is disposed between the positive electrode piece 21 and the negative electrode piece 22 of the battery 2, the film substrate 10 of the diaphragm 1 can isolate the positive electrode piece 21 from the negative electrode piece 22, when the internal temperature of the battery 2 approaches the ignition point or has a combustion trend, the film substrate 10 of the diaphragm 1 deforms, and the first hole 101 thereon can be closed in time to cut off the ion transmission inside the battery and cut off the current inside the battery, thereby preventing the battery from burning.
In some embodiments, the electrolyte comprises an organic solvent, a solute and an additive, wherein the solute mass fraction is 53% to 60%, the organic solvent is ethylene carbonate, the solute is lithium perchlorate, and the additive is lithium difluorooxalato borate. In this embodiment, the solute mass fraction of the electrolyte is 53% to 60%, wherein the organic solvent is ethylene carbonate, the solute is lithium perchlorate, and the additive is lithium difluorooxalato borate. In this embodiment, the solute mass fraction of the electrolyte is 53% to 60% to improve the energy density of the lithium battery.
In addition, the anode material coated on the anode piece 22 is lithium carbonate slurry, the lithium carbonate slurry is coated on two sides of the conductive film, the coated lithium carbonate slurry comprises a solvent, a binder and a conductive agent, the solvent is N-methyl pyrrolidone, and the ratio of the N-methyl pyrrolidone, the binder and the conductive agent is 92.5:5:2.5, the solid content of the lithium titanate slurry is 67.5%, and in the embodiment, the ratio of the conductive agent to the binder can make the binding force of the whole binder and the current collector stronger and the conductivity better; the solid content of the lithium titanate slurry can enable lithium ions to be better deintercalated and intercalated.
In the description of the embodiments of the present utility model, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by "upper, lower, inner and outer", etc. in terms are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are merely for convenience of describing the present utility model and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or suggesting that the device or element in question must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present utility model. Furthermore, the terms "first, second, or third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
The terms "mounted, connected, and coupled" in embodiments of the utility model are to be construed broadly, unless otherwise specifically indicated and defined, for example: can be fixed connection, detachable connection or integral connection; it may also be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a direct connection, or may be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or may be a communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present utility model will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
While the utility model has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, various modifications may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the utility model. In particular, the technical features mentioned in the respective embodiments may be combined in any manner as long as there is no structural conflict. The present utility model is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but encompasses all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.

Claims (8)

1. A separator (1) for preventing combustion of a battery, characterized in that the separator (1) comprises: a film substrate (10), and a plurality of first holes (101) arranged on the film substrate (10);
the membrane substrate (10) is made of a thermal deformation material;
The thermal deformation material is a memory material, when the temperature of the battery is increased, the memory material deforms, and when the temperature of the battery is reduced, the memory material is restored to the original state;
The membrane (1) further comprises:
a first film layer (11) and a second film layer (12) which are respectively arranged on two surfaces of the film substrate (10), wherein the heat conductivity coefficients of the first film layer (11) and the second film layer (12) are the same;
A second hole (102) is formed in the first film layer (11) and the second film layer (12), and the second hole (102) is larger than or equal to the first hole (101);
The first film layer (11) and the second film layer (12) have a thermal conductivity greater than that of the film substrate (10), and the first film layer (11) and the second film layer (12) have a thermal conductivity less than that of the electrolyte.
2. A separator (1) for preventing combustion of a battery according to claim 1, characterized in that said first plurality of holes (101) are provided at intervals on a membrane substrate (10) and extend through said membrane substrate (10).
3. A separator (1) for preventing combustion of a battery according to claim 2, characterized in that the thermal deformation temperature of the thermal deformation material is lower than the thermal runaway temperature of the battery.
4. A separator (1) for preventing combustion of a battery according to claim 3, wherein the thermal deformation temperature of the thermal deformation material is 1 to 50 degrees lower than the thermal runaway temperature of the battery.
5. A separator (1) for preventing combustion of a battery according to claim 1, characterized in that the membrane matrix (10) is polypropylene, polystyrene, polychloroethylene, polyethylene or polyamide.
6. A battery (2), characterized in that the battery (2) comprises: -a housing (20), a positive pole piece (21), a negative pole piece (22) and an electrolyte, -a separator (1) according to any of claims 1-5;
The positive electrode piece (21), the negative electrode piece (22), the electrolyte and the diaphragm (1) are arranged in the shell (20); wherein,
The diaphragm (1) is positioned between the positive pole piece (21) and the negative pole piece (22).
7. A battery (2) according to claim 6, characterized in that the membrane matrix (10) of the separator (1) separates the positive electrode tab (21) from the negative electrode tab (22).
8. A battery (2) according to claim 6, wherein the electrolyte comprises an organic solvent, a solute and an additive, wherein the organic solvent is ethylene carbonate, the solute is lithium perchlorate, and the additive is lithium difluorooxalato borate.
CN202321812006.XU 2023-07-11 2023-07-11 Separator for preventing battery from burning and battery Active CN220895771U (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202321812006.XU CN220895771U (en) 2023-07-11 2023-07-11 Separator for preventing battery from burning and battery

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202321812006.XU CN220895771U (en) 2023-07-11 2023-07-11 Separator for preventing battery from burning and battery

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN220895771U true CN220895771U (en) 2024-05-03

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