CN220856629U - Proton exchange membrane for fuel cell - Google Patents
Proton exchange membrane for fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN220856629U CN220856629U CN202090001146.7U CN202090001146U CN220856629U CN 220856629 U CN220856629 U CN 220856629U CN 202090001146 U CN202090001146 U CN 202090001146U CN 220856629 U CN220856629 U CN 220856629U
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- proton exchange
- exchange membrane
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- dimensional material
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- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 229920000554 ionomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 19
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000295 expanded polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorosulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(F)(=O)=O UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002052 molecular layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/023—Porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0241—Composites
- H01M8/0245—Composites in the form of layered or coated products
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1009—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with one of the reactants being liquid, solid or liquid-charged
- H01M8/1011—Direct alcohol fuel cells [DAFC], e.g. direct methanol fuel cells [DMFC]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1069—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the manufacturing processes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
A proton exchange membrane (2) for a fuel cell (1) having a plurality of layers including a support layer (11) and a two-dimensional material layer (12) on a first side of the support layer (11), wherein the support layer (11) acts as a support for the two-dimensional material layer (12), the two-dimensional material layer (12) being configured to substantially completely block permeation of substances other than protons. A method for manufacturing the proton exchange membrane (2) comprises providing a support layer (11); and providing a layer of two-dimensional material (12) on the surface of the support layer (11). Therefore, the proton exchange membrane (2) is endowed with high proton screening property and maximized cathode-anode isolation, a series of problems caused by permeation of the reactant gas in the traditional proton exchange membrane are overcome, and the purging which has to be applied due to the permeation of the reactant gas can be omitted.
Description
Technical Field
The present utility model relates to a proton exchange membrane for a fuel cell.
Background
Proton exchange membranes are one of the main functions of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) as a core component to prevent direct mixing of fuel gas and oxidant gas for chemical reaction and for conducting protons and electrons within the membrane. The proton exchange membrane determines the performance, life and price of the whole proton exchange membrane fuel cell to a great extent. Current proton exchange membranes are generally made of Nafion, which has the following technical drawbacks.
First, nafion proton exchange membranes need to maintain a certain water content to maintain good proton conductivity. This requires implementation of water management and thus increases the complexity and cost of the system. Second, nafion proton exchange membranes have difficulty in completely blocking permeation of reactant gases, which adversely affects the efficiency of the fuel cell and for this reason purging operations have to be performed frequently. In addition, nafion proton exchange membranes are susceptible to decomposition upon prolonged exposure to free radicals, which can shorten the life of the fuel cell. Moreover, the Nafion proton exchange membrane thickness is typically no less than 5 μm to ensure effective insulation, which is associated with significant costs.
Accordingly, it would be desirable to provide a proton exchange membrane that overcomes the above technical drawbacks.
Disclosure of utility model
According to a first aspect of the present utility model, the above object is achieved by a proton exchange membrane for a fuel cell, the proton exchange membrane having a plurality of layers including a support layer and a two-dimensional material layer on a first side of the support layer, wherein the support layer serves as a support for the two-dimensional material layer, the two-dimensional material layer being configured to substantially completely block permeation of substances other than protons.
According to an exemplary embodiment of the utility model, the proton exchange membrane further comprises a further two-dimensional material layer on a second side of the support layer opposite to the first side.
According to another exemplary embodiment of the present utility model, the two-dimensional material layer or the further two-dimensional material layer is composed of monoatomic layer, diatomic layer or polyatomic layer graphene or hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN).
According to a further exemplary embodiment of the present utility model, the support layer is constituted by a porous material membrane, the pores of which are filled with an ionomer material. Preferably, the porous material membrane is made of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) and/or the ionomer material comprises a perfluorosulfonic acid ionomer.
According to still another exemplary embodiment of the present utility model, the proton exchange membrane has a membrane thickness of 3 μm or less.
In a second aspect, the above object is achieved by a method for manufacturing the proton exchange membrane described above, comprising the steps of:
step a: providing a support layer; and
Step b: a two-dimensional material layer is disposed on a surface of the support layer.
According to an exemplary embodiment of the present utility model, the step a includes:
-step a1: providing a porous material membrane;
-step a2: filling the pores of the porous material membrane with an ionomer material, thereby allowing the ionomer material to completely block the pores of the porous material membrane; and
-Step a3: drying the membrane of porous material filled with ionomer material, thereby obtaining the support layer.
According to an exemplary embodiment of the present utility model, the step b includes:
-step b1: forming a two-dimensional material layer on a substrate; and
-Step b2: the two-dimensional material layer is transferred onto the surface of the support layer.
Illustratively, step b1 is implemented as: generating monoatomic layer graphene on a substrate by adopting a chemical vapor deposition process, wherein the step b2 is implemented as follows: the substrate attached to graphene is removed, thereby attaching monoatomic layer graphene on the surface of the support layer.
Drawings
Further features and advantages of the utility model are further elucidated by the following detailed description of specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawings are as follows:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view showing a single structure of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell;
FIG. 2 shows a schematic block diagram of a proton exchange membrane according to an exemplary embodiment of the present utility model;
FIG. 3 shows a schematic block diagram of a proton exchange membrane according to another exemplary embodiment of the present utility model; and
Fig. 4 shows a flow diagram of a method for manufacturing a proton exchange membrane according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals refer to the same or equivalent parts. Moreover, the components in the drawings are not necessarily to scale. Thus, the dimensional relationships of the components in the drawings are not quantitatively limiting with respect to the actual size of the components.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a single structure of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell 1. As shown in fig. 1, the unitary structure of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell 1 generally includes a bipolar plate 3, an anode diffusion layer 4, an anode catalyst layer 5, a proton exchange membrane 2, a cathode catalyst layer 7, and a cathode diffusion layer 8 stacked in succession. At the bipolar plate 3, a fuel gas (hydrogen in this embodiment) and an oxidant gas (oxygen in this embodiment) are introduced and the current generated by the cell is collected. The introduced fuel gas and oxidant gas are diffused at the anode diffusion layer 4 and the cathode diffusion layer 8, respectively, and then transferred to the anode catalyst layer 5 and the cathode catalyst layer 7, respectively. Further, the fuel gas undergoes an electrochemical reaction at the anode catalyst layer 5, which in this embodiment can be represented by the following chemical reaction equation:
the electrons generated reach the cathode via an external circuit under the action of an electric potential, while the protons reach the cathode catalyst layer 7 via the proton exchange membrane 2 and undergo an electrochemical reaction with an oxidant at the cathode catalyst layer 7, which in this embodiment can be represented by the following chemical reaction equation:
Thereby, chemical energy of the reaction gas is converted into electric energy.
Turning now to fig. 2, an exemplary embodiment of a proton exchange membrane 2 according to the present utility model is illustrated. The proton exchange membrane 2 is configured to have a layered structure and comprises a support layer 11 and a two-dimensional material layer 12 on a first side of the support layer 11, wherein the support layer 11 serves as a support for the two-dimensional material layer 12, and the two-dimensional material layer 12 is configured to substantially completely block, or even completely block, permeation of any substance other than protons.
In this way, the proton exchange membrane 2 is given a high degree of proton screening and maximized cathode-anode separation and thus overcomes a series of problems of the conventional proton exchange membrane due to permeation of the reactant gas. For example, a decrease in the open-circuit voltage of the fuel cell due to permeation of hydrogen from the anode to the cathode and thus a decrease in the cell efficiency are suppressed, and furthermore, purging that has to be applied due to permeation of the reactant gas may be omitted.
It is to be noted here that in the present context the term "two-dimensional material layer" should be understood as having an almost limited small dimension in the layer thickness direction, for example a layer thickness of a single or a small number (e.g. a few) of atomic layer thicknesses or a single or a small number (e.g. a few) of molecular layer thicknesses.
The proton exchange membrane according to the present utility model has a significantly reduced membrane thickness compared to conventional Nafion membranes (typically having a membrane thickness of at least 5 μm) due to the application of a two-dimensional material layer having a very small thickness. In an exemplary embodiment, the proton exchange membrane according to the present utility model has a membrane thickness of 3 μm or less.
According to an exemplary embodiment, the two-dimensional material layer 12 is composed of graphene, wherein the graphene has the property of being impermeable to all gases and liquids but only allowing protons to pass through. Alternatively, the two-dimensional material layer 12 may also be composed of other suitable two-dimensional materials, such as hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN).
Further, the two-dimensional material layer 12 is configured to have a single atom/molecule layer thickness, a double atom/molecule layer thickness, or a multiple atom/molecule layer thickness. The polyatomic layer is preferably ten or less layers, more preferably seven or less layers, and even more preferably five or less layers.
According to an exemplary embodiment, the support layer 11 includes a porous material membrane serving as a skeleton and an ionomer material having proton conductivity filled in pores of the porous material membrane. Preferably, the ionomer material completely occludes all of the pores of the porous material membrane.
The porous material membrane is made, for example, of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) and the ionomer material is, for example, a perfluorosulfonic acid ionomer, such as Nafion.
The proton exchange membrane according to the utility model adopts a composite structure composed of two-dimensional material layers and a supporting layer, which significantly saves the amount of perfluorosulfonic acid ionomer (more than 60% saved) compared with the traditional Nafion membrane, and has considerable economic benefits. In addition, the reduced content of perfluorosulfonic acid ionomer also reduces the burden of water management.
Fig. 3 shows another exemplary embodiment of a proton exchange membrane according to the present utility model. The structure of the proton exchange membrane 2' is substantially the same as the proton exchange membrane 2 described above in connection with fig. 2, and the same points are not repeated. The two differ only in that: in addition to the two-dimensional material layer 12 on a first side of the support layer 11, the proton exchange membrane 2 'comprises a further two-dimensional material layer 12' on a second side of the support layer 11 opposite to the first side. That is, the support layer 11 carries on both sides thereof a respective one of the two-dimensional material layers 12, 12 'such that the support layer 11 is sandwiched between the two-dimensional material layers 12, 12'.
The above description of the structure and composition of the two-dimensional material layer 12 applies equally to the further two-dimensional material layer 12'. But this does not mean that the two-dimensional material layer 12 and the further two-dimensional material layer 12' of the same proton exchange membrane do not have to have the same structure. For example, the additional two-dimensional material layer 12' may have a different design than the two-dimensional material layer 12 in terms of constituent materials, layer thicknesses, and the like. Alternatively, the additional two-dimensional material layer 12' may have the same structure as the two-dimensional material layer 12.
Fig. 4 shows a flow diagram of a method for manufacturing proton exchange membranes 2 and 2' according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
In step a1, a porous material membrane composed of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene is provided.
In step a2, the pores of the porous material membrane are filled with an ionomer material, e.g. a perfluorosulfonic acid ionomer (such as Nafion), for example using slot coating, dip coating, direct film deposition or other suitable process, such that the ionomer material completely occludes the pores of the porous material membrane.
In step a3, the porous material membrane filled with ionomer material obtained in step a2 is dried, thereby obtaining a support layer.
In step b1, a two-dimensional material layer is formed on a substrate. In an exemplary embodiment, a chemical vapor deposition process is used to generate graphene of a monoatomic layer thickness on a copper foil serving as a substrate.
Then, in step b2, the two-dimensional material layer formed in step b1 is transferred onto the surface of the support layer obtained by means of steps a1-a 3. In an exemplary embodiment, the transferring step b2 is implemented as: the substrate attached to the two-dimensional material layer is first removed, for example by etching, and the two-dimensional material layer is then pressed or transferred onto the support layer, for example by means of a press roll or other suitable means.
Although some embodiments have been described, these embodiments are presented by way of example only and are not intended to limit the scope of the utility model. The appended claims and their equivalents are intended to cover all modifications, substitutions and changes which fall within the scope and spirit of the utility model.
Claims (6)
1. Proton exchange membrane for a fuel cell, characterized in that the proton exchange membrane has a plurality of layers comprising a support layer (11) and a two-dimensional material layer (12) on a first side of the support layer (11), wherein the support layer (11) serves as a support for the two-dimensional material layer (12), the two-dimensional material layer (12) being configured to substantially completely block permeation of substances other than protons, wherein the proton exchange membrane further comprises a further two-dimensional material layer (12') on a second side of the support layer (11) opposite to the first side.
2. The proton exchange membrane according to claim 1, wherein,
The two-dimensional material layer (12) or the further two-dimensional material layer (12') is composed of monoatomic, diatomic or polyatomic graphene or hexagonal boron nitride.
3. A proton exchange membrane according to claim 1 or 2, wherein,
The support layer (11) is composed of a porous material membrane, the pores of which are filled with an ionomer material.
4. A proton exchange membrane according to claim 3 wherein,
The porous material membrane is made of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene and/or the ionomer material comprises perfluorosulfonic acid ionomer.
5. The proton exchange membrane according to any one of claims 1 to 2, 4,
The proton exchange membrane has a membrane thickness of 3 μm or less.
6. A proton exchange membrane according to claim 3 wherein,
The proton exchange membrane has a membrane thickness of 3 μm or less.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CN2020/085863 WO2021212308A1 (en) | 2020-04-21 | 2020-04-21 | Proton exchange membrane for fuel cell, and manufacturing method therefor |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN220856629U true CN220856629U (en) | 2024-04-26 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202090001146.7U Active CN220856629U (en) | 2020-04-21 | 2020-04-21 | Proton exchange membrane for fuel cell |
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| CN (1) | CN220856629U (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2021212308A1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5460705A (en) * | 1993-07-13 | 1995-10-24 | Lynntech, Inc. | Method and apparatus for electrochemical production of ozone |
| CN103840174B (en) * | 2012-11-20 | 2016-06-22 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | A kind of direct alcohol fuel cell diaphragm electrode and preparation thereof and application |
| CN105098206B (en) * | 2014-05-19 | 2017-09-08 | 吉林师范大学 | A kind of miniature methanol fuel cell fuel storage and feedway |
| GB201416527D0 (en) * | 2014-09-18 | 2014-11-05 | Univ Manchester | Graphene membrane |
| CN104538573B (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2017-07-04 | 深圳市本征方程石墨烯技术股份有限公司 | A kind of diaphragm for lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof |
| GB201513288D0 (en) * | 2015-07-28 | 2015-09-09 | Univ Manchester | Graphene membrane |
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- 2020-04-21 WO PCT/CN2020/085863 patent/WO2021212308A1/en active Application Filing
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| WO2021212308A1 (en) | 2021-10-28 |
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