CN220853116U - Energy-saving roasting device for graphite electrode - Google Patents
Energy-saving roasting device for graphite electrode Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN220853116U CN220853116U CN202322567575.9U CN202322567575U CN220853116U CN 220853116 U CN220853116 U CN 220853116U CN 202322567575 U CN202322567575 U CN 202322567575U CN 220853116 U CN220853116 U CN 220853116U
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- group
- waste heat
- water tank
- heat exchange
- hot water
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 21
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 21
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011300 coal pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011331 needle coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002006 petroleum coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model discloses an energy-saving roasting device for graphite electrodes, which comprises a roasting furnace, wherein the roasting furnace is connected with a waste heat recoverer through an exhaust pipe, a hot water tank is arranged at the bottom of the waste heat recoverer, a heat exchange mechanism is arranged in the waste heat recoverer, a heating mechanism is arranged in the hot water tank, and the heat exchange mechanism comprises a group of mounting frames, a group of driving motors, a group of crankshafts, a group of connecting rods, a group of fixed cylinders, a group of pistons and a plurality of heat exchange rods. The utility model has the beneficial effects that a group of pistons push the high-temperature flue gas in the waste heat recoverer back and forth, so that the heat exchange rod and the high-temperature flue gas can exchange heat fully, a group of impurity filter screens can perform preliminary filtration on impurities in the high-temperature flue gas, thereby reducing the adhesion of impurities on the surfaces of fins, the heat exchange rod heats cold water in the hot water tank, and the rotating motor is matched to drive the stirring blade to rotate, so that the cold water in the hot water tank is in full contact with the heat exchange rod, the heating efficiency is improved, and the energy saving purpose is achieved by recovering the waste heat of the high-temperature flue gas generated by roasting.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the field of graphite electrode production, in particular to an energy-saving roasting device for a graphite electrode.
Background
The graphite electrode is made up by using petroleum coke and needle coke as raw materials and coal pitch as binding agent and adopting the processes of calcining, proportioning, kneading, profiling, roasting, graphitizing and machining, and is a conductor which can release electric energy in the form of electric arc in the electric arc furnace to heat and melt the furnace charge, and can be divided into ordinary power, high power and ultrahigh power according to its high quality index.
The graphite electrode can generate a large amount of high-temperature smoke during roasting, and if the high-temperature smoke is not utilized, the high-temperature smoke not only causes energy waste, but also causes environmental pollution. In the prior patent, the application number is CN 202022076572.1, a graphite electrode roasting process section energy-saving device is disclosed, an exhaust port of a roasting furnace is connected with a water tank through an exhaust pipe, a fin type heat exchanger is arranged in the water tank, the contact surface of fins and hot air entering the water tank is large and tight, the effect of efficient heating can be achieved, and meanwhile, a heat insulation plate and a coiled pipe are matched to play the role of temperature locking. However, a large amount of impurities are contained in the high-temperature flue gas, the impurities in the flue gas are easy to adhere to the surface of the fin after long-time use, the heat exchange effect is affected, and the waste heat in the flue gas cannot be fully recovered when the flue gas passes through the fin.
The foregoing is not necessarily a prior art, and falls within the technical scope of the inventors.
Disclosure of utility model
Aiming at the defects, the utility model provides an energy-saving roasting device for graphite electrodes, which aims to solve the problem of waste heat recovery of high-temperature flue gas generated by roasting graphite electrodes.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present utility model adopts the following technical scheme:
The graphite electrode energy-saving roasting device comprises a roasting furnace, wherein the roasting furnace is connected with a waste heat recoverer through an exhaust pipe, a hot water tank is arranged at the bottom of the waste heat recoverer, a heat exchange mechanism is arranged in the waste heat recoverer, and a heating mechanism is arranged in the hot water tank;
The heat exchange mechanism comprises a group of installation frames, a group of driving motors, a group of crankshafts, a group of connecting rods, a group of fixed cylinders, a group of pistons and a plurality of heat exchange rods, wherein the group of installation frames are installed on two sides of the upper end of the waste heat recoverer, the group of driving motors are installed on one side of the group of installation frames, the group of crankshafts are movably installed on the group of installation frames and are respectively connected with the corresponding rotating ends of the driving motors, the group of connecting rods are installed on the group of crankshafts, the group of fixed cylinders are inserted on two sides of the upper end of the waste heat recoverer, the group of pistons are movably installed in the group of fixed cylinders, the upper ends of the pistons are respectively movably hinged with the corresponding connecting rods, the plurality of heat exchange rods are uniformly inserted in the waste heat recoverer, and the bottom of the heat exchange rods extend into the hot water tank.
Further, the heating mechanism comprises a water inlet pipe, a water outlet pipe, a rotating motor, a stirring shaft and a plurality of stirring paddles, wherein the water inlet pipe is inserted on the right side of the bottom of the hot water tank, the water outlet pipe is inserted on the left side of the top of the hot water tank, the rotating motor is installed at the center of the bottom of the hot water tank, the rotating end is movably inserted in the hot water tank, the stirring shaft is installed on the rotating end of the rotating motor, and the stirring paddles are uniformly installed on the stirring shaft.
Furthermore, two sides of the bottom of the waste heat recoverer are provided with a first sewage outlet, and the left side of the bottom of the hot water tank is provided with a second sewage outlet.
Furthermore, an electromagnetic control valve is respectively arranged at the air inlet and the air outlet of the waste heat recoverer.
Further, a plurality of partition boards staggered with the heat exchange rods are arranged in the waste heat recoverer, and fins are uniformly arranged at the upper ends of the plurality of heat exchange rods.
Further, a group of impurity filter screens are arranged on two sides in the waste heat recoverer, a group of synchronous cylinders are arranged on two sides of the upper end of the waste heat recoverer, a group of pushing plates are arranged at the telescopic ends of the synchronous cylinders, a group of lifting pipes are inserted into the group of pushing plates, a group of spraying pipes are arranged at the bottoms of the group of lifting pipes, and a plurality of spraying heads corresponding to the impurity filter screens are uniformly arranged on the group of spraying pipes.
The utility model provides an energy-saving roasting device for graphite electrodes, which has the beneficial effects that a heat exchange mechanism in a waste heat recoverer adopts a group of pistons to reciprocally push high-temperature flue gas in the waste heat recoverer, so that a heat exchange rod and the high-temperature flue gas can fully exchange heat, a group of impurity filter screens can carry out preliminary filtration on impurities in the high-temperature flue gas, thereby reducing the adhesion of impurities on the surfaces of fins, and a group of spray pipes can carry out automatic spray cleaning on a group of impurity filter screens;
The heating mechanism adopts a plurality of heat exchange bars to heat cold water in the hot water tank, and the rotating motor is matched to drive the stirring paddle to rotate, so that the cold water in the hot water tank is fully contacted with the heat exchange bars, the heating efficiency is improved, and the energy-saving purpose is achieved by carrying out waste heat recovery on high-temperature flue gas generated by roasting.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an energy-saving roasting device for graphite electrodes.
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the waste heat recoverer and the hot water tank according to the present utility model.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a set of piston drives according to the present utility model.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a set of shower pipe transmissions according to the present utility model.
Fig. 5 is a top view of a shower pipe according to the present utility model.
In the figure: 1. a roasting furnace; 2. an exhaust pipe; 3. a waste heat recoverer; 4. a hot water tank; 5. a mounting frame; 6. a driving motor; 7. a crankshaft; 8. a connecting rod; 9. a fixed cylinder; 10. a piston; 11. a heat exchange rod; 12. a water inlet pipe; 13. a water outlet pipe; 14. a rotating electric machine; 15. a stirring shaft; 16. stirring paddles; 17. a sewage outlet I; 18. a sewage outlet II; 19. an electromagnetic control valve; 20. a partition plate; 21. impurity filtering net; 22. a synchronous cylinder; 23. a pushing plate; 24. a lifting tube; 25. a shower pipe; 26. a spray header.
Detailed Description
The utility model is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, as shown in fig. 1-5: the graphite electrode energy-saving roasting device comprises a roasting furnace 1, wherein the roasting furnace 1 is connected with a waste heat recoverer 3 through an exhaust pipe 2, a hot water tank 4 is arranged at the bottom of the waste heat recoverer 3, a heat exchange mechanism is arranged in the waste heat recoverer 3, and a heating mechanism is arranged in the hot water tank 4; the heat exchange mechanism comprises a group of mounting frames 5, a group of driving motors 6, a group of crankshafts 7, a group of connecting rods 8, a group of fixed cylinders 9, a group of pistons 10 and a plurality of heat exchange rods 11, wherein the group of mounting frames 5 are arranged on two sides of the upper end of the waste heat recovery device 3, the group of driving motors 6 are arranged on one side of the group of mounting frames 5, the group of crankshafts 7 are movably arranged on the group of mounting frames 5 and are respectively connected with the rotating ends of the corresponding driving motors 6, the group of connecting rods 8 are arranged on the group of crankshafts 7, the group of fixed cylinders 9 are inserted on two sides of the upper end of the waste heat recovery device 3, the group of pistons 10 are movably arranged in the group of fixed cylinders 9, the upper ends of the pistons are respectively movably hinged with the corresponding connecting rods 8, the plurality of heat exchange rods 11 are uniformly inserted in the waste heat recovery device 3, and the bottoms of the heat exchange rods extend into the hot water tank 4; the heating mechanism comprises a water inlet pipe 12, a water outlet pipe 13, a rotating motor 14, a stirring shaft 15 and a plurality of stirring paddles 16, wherein the water inlet pipe 12 is inserted on the right side of the bottom of the hot water tank 4, the water outlet pipe 13 is inserted on the left side of the top of the hot water tank 4, the rotating motor 14 is arranged at the center of the bottom of the hot water tank 4, the rotating end is movably inserted in the hot water tank 4, the stirring shaft 15 is arranged on the rotating end of the rotating motor 14, and the stirring paddles 16 are uniformly arranged on the stirring shaft 15; two sides of the bottom of the waste heat recoverer 3 are provided with a first sewage outlet 17, and the left side of the bottom of the hot water tank 4 is provided with a second sewage outlet 18; an air inlet and an air outlet of the waste heat recoverer 3 are respectively provided with an electromagnetic control valve 19; a plurality of partition plates 20 staggered with the heat exchange rods 11 are arranged in the waste heat recoverer 3, and fins are uniformly arranged at the upper ends of the heat exchange rods 11; a group of impurity filter screens 21 are arranged on two sides in the waste heat recoverer 3, a group of synchronous air cylinders 22 are arranged on two sides of the upper end of the waste heat recoverer 3, a group of pushing plates 23 are arranged at the telescopic ends of the group of synchronous air cylinders 22, a group of lifting pipes 24 are inserted into the group of pushing plates 23, a group of spraying pipes 25 are arranged at the bottom of the group of lifting pipes 24, and a plurality of spraying heads 26 corresponding to the impurity filter screens 21 are uniformly arranged on the group of spraying pipes 25.
The working principle of the embodiment is as follows: the electric equipment used by the device is controlled by an external controller, and high-temperature flue gas generated by the combustion of the roasting furnace 1 can enter the waste heat recoverer 3 through the exhaust pipe 2;
When heat exchange is performed: the group of mounting frames 5 are arranged at two sides of the upper end of the waste heat recovery device 3, the group of driving motors 6 are arranged at one side of the group of mounting frames 5, the group of crankshafts 7 are movably arranged on the group of mounting frames 5 through fastening bearings and are respectively connected with the rotating ends of the corresponding driving motors 6, the group of connecting rods 8 are arranged on the group of crankshafts 7, the group of fixed cylinders 9 are inserted at two sides of the upper end of the waste heat recovery device 3, the group of pistons 10 are movably arranged in the group of fixed cylinders 9, the upper ends of the pistons are respectively movably hinged with the corresponding connecting rods 8, the plurality of heat exchange rods 11 are uniformly inserted in the waste heat recovery device 3, the bottoms of the heat exchange rods extend into the hot water tank 4, the air inlets and the air outlets of the waste heat recovery device 3 are respectively provided with electromagnetic control valves 19, the waste heat recovery device 3 is internally provided with a plurality of partition plates 20 staggered with the heat exchange rods 11, and the upper ends of the plurality of heat exchange rods 11 are uniformly provided with fins, a group of impurity filter screens 21 are arranged on two sides in the waste heat recoverer 3, a group of synchronous cylinders 22 are arranged on two sides of the upper end of the waste heat recoverer 3, a group of pushing plates 23 are arranged at the telescopic ends of the group of synchronous cylinders 22, a group of lifting pipes 24 are inserted on the group of pushing plates 23, a group of spraying pipes 25 are arranged at the bottom of the group of lifting pipes 24, a plurality of spraying heads 26 corresponding to the impurity filter screens 21 are uniformly arranged on the group of spraying pipes 25, as shown in figures 2-5, when high-temperature flue gas enters the waste heat recoverer 3 for a period of time, a group of electromagnetic control valves 19 are closed, meanwhile, a driving motor 6 drives a group of pistons 10 to reciprocate in a group of fixed cylinders 9, the movement directions of the group of pistons 10 are opposite, and the group of pistons 10 can reciprocate the high-temperature flue gas in the waste heat recoverer 3 to be matched with a baffle 20, so that the heat exchange rod 11 and the high-temperature flue gas can exchange heat fully, and after one end of high-temperature flue gas exchange time, the electromagnetic control valves 19 are opened, the closing time of the electromagnetic control valves 19 is short, the normal discharge of high-temperature flue gas of the roasting furnace 1 is not influenced, the impurity filter screen 21 can perform preliminary filtration on impurities in the high-temperature flue gas, so that the adhesion of impurities on the surfaces of fins is reduced, the lifting pipes 24 are communicated with external water pipes, and the synchronous air cylinders 22 drive the spray pipes 25 to automatically spray and clean the impurity filter screen 21;
Heating: the inlet tube 12 cartridge is on the right side of hot-water tank 4 bottom, outlet pipe 13 cartridge is on the left side of hot-water tank 4 top, rotating electrical machines 14 are installed in hot-water tank 4 bottom center department, and the rotating end passes through fastening bearing movable cartridge in hot-water tank 4, the (mixing) shaft 15 is installed on rotating electrical machines 14 rotating end, a plurality of stirring paddle 16 are evenly installed on (mixing) shaft 15, as shown in fig. 2, a plurality of heat transfer stick 11 heats the cold water in the hot-water tank 4, cooperation rotating electrical machines 14 drive stirring paddle 16 and rotate, make the cold water in the hot-water tank 4 fully contact with heat transfer stick 11, improve heating efficiency, through carrying out waste heat recovery to the high temperature flue gas that the calcination produced, reach energy-conserving purpose.
The above technical solution only represents the preferred technical solution of the present utility model, and some changes that may be made by those skilled in the art to some parts of the technical solution represent the principles of the present utility model, and the technical solution falls within the scope of the present utility model.
Claims (6)
1. The graphite electrode energy-saving roasting device comprises a roasting furnace (1), wherein the roasting furnace (1) is connected with a waste heat recoverer (3) through an exhaust pipe (2), and is characterized in that a hot water tank (4) is installed at the bottom of the waste heat recoverer (3), a heat exchange mechanism is arranged in the waste heat recoverer (3), and a heating mechanism is arranged in the hot water tank (4);
The heat exchange mechanism comprises a group of installation frames (5), a group of driving motors (6), a group of crankshafts (7), a group of connecting rods (8), a group of fixed cylinders (9), a group of pistons (10) and a plurality of heat exchange rods (11), wherein the group of installation frames (5) are installed on two sides of the upper end of the waste heat recoverer (3), the group of driving motors (6) are installed on one side of the group of installation frames (5), the group of crankshafts (7) are movably installed on the group of installation frames (5) and are respectively connected with the rotating ends of the corresponding driving motors (6), the group of connecting rods (8) are installed on the group of crankshafts (7), the group of fixed cylinders (9) are inserted on two sides of the upper end of the waste heat recoverer (3), the group of pistons (10) are movably installed in the group of fixed cylinders (9), the upper ends of the heat exchange rods (11) are respectively movably hinged with the corresponding connecting rods (8), the plurality of heat exchange rods (11) are uniformly inserted in the waste heat recoverer (3), and the bottoms of the heat recovery rods extend into the hot water tank (4).
2. The graphite electrode energy-saving roasting device according to claim 1, wherein the heating mechanism comprises a water inlet pipe (12), a water outlet pipe (13), a rotating motor (14), a stirring shaft (15) and a plurality of stirring paddles (16), the water inlet pipe (12) is inserted on the right side of the bottom of the hot water tank (4), the water outlet pipe (13) is inserted on the left side of the top of the hot water tank (4), the rotating motor (14) is installed at the center of the bottom of the hot water tank (4), the rotating end is movably inserted in the hot water tank (4), the stirring shaft (15) is installed on the rotating end of the rotating motor (14), and the stirring paddles (16) are uniformly installed on the stirring shaft (15).
3. The graphite electrode energy-saving roasting device according to claim 1, wherein the waste heat recoverer (3) is provided with a first sewage outlet (17) at two sides of the bottom, and the hot water tank (4) is provided with a second sewage outlet (18) at the left side of the bottom.
4. The graphite electrode energy-saving roasting device according to claim 1, wherein the air inlet and the air outlet of the waste heat recoverer (3) are respectively provided with an electromagnetic control valve (19).
5. The graphite electrode energy-saving roasting device according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of partition plates (20) staggered with the heat exchange rods (11) are arranged in the waste heat recoverer (3), and fins are uniformly arranged at the upper ends of the heat exchange rods (11).
6. The graphite electrode energy-saving roasting device according to claim 1, wherein a group of impurity filter screens (21) are arranged on two sides in the waste heat recoverer (3), a group of synchronous cylinders (22) are arranged on two sides of the upper end of the waste heat recoverer (3), a group of pushing plates (23) are arranged at the telescopic ends of the group of synchronous cylinders (22), a group of lifting pipes (24) are inserted on the group of pushing plates (23), a group of spraying pipes (25) are arranged at the bottoms of the group of lifting pipes (24), and a plurality of spraying heads (26) corresponding to the impurity filter screens (21) are uniformly arranged on the group of spraying pipes (25).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202322567575.9U CN220853116U (en) | 2023-09-21 | 2023-09-21 | Energy-saving roasting device for graphite electrode |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202322567575.9U CN220853116U (en) | 2023-09-21 | 2023-09-21 | Energy-saving roasting device for graphite electrode |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN220853116U true CN220853116U (en) | 2024-04-26 |
Family
ID=90780764
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202322567575.9U Active CN220853116U (en) | 2023-09-21 | 2023-09-21 | Energy-saving roasting device for graphite electrode |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN220853116U (en) |
-
2023
- 2023-09-21 CN CN202322567575.9U patent/CN220853116U/en active Active
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN109489440A (en) | A kind of evaporator that can utilize waste heat | |
| CN105509492A (en) | System and method for recovering waste heat and CO2 of alumina rotary kiln flue gas | |
| CN220853116U (en) | Energy-saving roasting device for graphite electrode | |
| CN112066762B (en) | Heat exchange device suitable for crude gas and use method thereof | |
| CN2661689Y (en) | Novel principal machine equipment for producing active lime | |
| CN209416078U (en) | A kind of evaporator that can utilize waste heat | |
| CN213912608U (en) | Honey thick liquid production filter equipment | |
| CN209180953U (en) | A kind of domestic garbage burning electricity generation afterheat of slags utilizes system | |
| CN209165798U (en) | Fluid heater is used in a kind of production of architectural waterproof material | |
| CN107401432B (en) | Reduced ilmenite particle thermoelectric coupling co-supply system and method | |
| CN215893142U (en) | Sleeve heat exchange type cyclone carbide slag drying cylinder | |
| CN201476494U (en) | Sand dryer for production line of modified asphalt waterproof rolling material | |
| CN213480606U (en) | Novel fast-assembling waste heat carrier heating furnace | |
| CN111649350A (en) | Energy-saving environment-friendly emission reduction device for power plant | |
| CN219494920U (en) | Efficient waste heat recovery device | |
| CN209042384U (en) | Circulating heat spraying device | |
| CN218764627U (en) | Alumina powder calcination waste heat utilization mechanism | |
| CN218764636U (en) | Three-pass structure roasting kiln | |
| CN108394871A (en) | A kind of industrial sulphuric acid solid-liquid separation system | |
| CN212929962U (en) | Boiler pressure vessel blowdown waste heat recovery device | |
| CN220670162U (en) | Waste heat utilization structure of rotary kiln | |
| CN102829485B (en) | Horizontal heat accumulating type efficient heat exchanger | |
| CN213747946U (en) | Industrial boiler slag waste heat recovery device | |
| CN215810359U (en) | Flue gas waste heat recovery device for atmospheric pollution treatment | |
| CN204661741U (en) | Blast furnace slag quenching water comprehensive utilization system for heat energy |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |