CN220842175U - Locking mechanism and electric vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

The application discloses a locking mechanism and an electric vehicle, wherein the locking mechanism comprises a locking piece arranged on the electric vehicle, a matching piece is arranged on a battery pack, and the battery pack is detachably arranged on the electric vehicle; the battery pack and the locking piece rotate relatively, so that the battery pack is switched between an unlocking state and a locking state; when the battery pack is in the locking state, the locking piece is matched with the matching piece so as to lock the battery pack on the electric vehicle. According to the locking mechanism, the battery pack is locked on the electric vehicle through relative rotation between the battery pack and the locking piece, the battery pack and the locking piece are rotated, namely, one of the battery pack and the electric vehicle is used as an action party, so that the locking flow can be simplified, the power conversion efficiency is improved, and meanwhile, the operation flexibility is improved.

Description

Locking mechanism and electric vehicle

Technical Field

The application relates to the field of electric vehicle battery replacement, in particular to a locking mechanism and an electric vehicle.

Background

With the strong support of the country to new energy automobiles, electric heavy trucks gradually enter the market, and in order to increase the endurance mileage of electric vehicles in a short time, the power change of the electric vehicles becomes an increasingly important problem. In general, an electric vehicle is charged, but in a large-sized vehicle such as an electric truck, the battery capacity is large because of the weight and load, and therefore, it is necessary to wait a long time to charge and charge the electric vehicle, and commercial use of the electric truck is not utilized. Therefore, the electric vehicle can be supplemented by using the power exchanging mode, so that the use requirement is met, and the cruising mileage can be improved in a short time conveniently.

In the related art, an electric vehicle and a battery pack are generally provided with a locking structure and a matching structure which are matched with each other respectively, so that the battery pack is locked to the electric vehicle, and not only is the battery pack driven by a battery replacement device to act or is the matching structure and the locking structure matched by means of a special tool, but also the battery pack is locked by the corresponding action of the locking structure on the electric vehicle, so that the locking process is complex and the locking efficiency is low. In addition, the matching structure on the existing battery pack is relatively complex, and the simplification of the battery pack is not facilitated.

Disclosure of utility model

The application provides a locking mechanism and an electric vehicle, which are used for solving at least one of the technical problems.

According to a first aspect of the present application, there is provided a locking mechanism including a locking member provided to an electric vehicle, a mating member provided to a battery pack detachably mounted to the electric vehicle; the battery pack and the locking piece rotate relatively, so that the battery pack is switched between an unlocking state and a locking state; when the battery pack is in the locking state, the locking piece is matched with the matching piece so as to lock the battery pack on the electric vehicle.

According to the locking mechanism, the battery pack is locked on the electric vehicle through relative rotation between the battery pack and the locking piece, the battery pack and the locking piece are rotated, namely, one of the battery pack and the electric vehicle is used as an action party, so that the locking flow can be simplified, the power conversion efficiency is improved, and meanwhile, the operation flexibility is improved. And only set up the cooperation piece on the battery package, be favorable to the simplification of battery package structure.

Preferably, the battery pack rotates relative to the locking piece under the drive of the power exchange equipment.

Therefore, the battery pack can be driven to rotate through the battery replacement equipment, the locking piece is fixed, and the redundant driving structure arranged at the vehicle end can be omitted, so that the improvement of the vehicle end is simplified, and the cost is reduced; and after lifting the battery pack, the battery pack is driven to rotate by the power conversion equipment, so that the locking flow can be connected in a seamless manner, the time of switching action parties in the middle is saved, and the locking efficiency can be effectively improved.

Preferably, the locking mechanism further comprises a first driving member arranged on the electric vehicle, and the first driving member drives the locking member to rotate relative to the battery pack.

Therefore, the battery pack can be fixed by rotating the locking piece, the battery pack is lifted to a proper height by the battery exchange equipment, the driving mode of the battery exchange equipment can be simplified, the driving time of the battery exchange equipment can be shortened, and the operation requirement on a battery end can be reduced.

Preferably, the matching piece comprises a turnbuckle, the locking piece comprises a turnbuckle groove, and when the battery pack is in the locking state, the turnbuckle is in clamping fit with the turnbuckle groove.

Therefore, the battery pack is locked through the cooperation of the turnbuckle and the rotary groove, the structure is simple, the use is firm, the battery pack can be prevented from being lowered along with long-time running of the vehicle, and the stability and reliability of the battery pack locking can be ensured.

Preferably, the turnbuckle is arranged at the top of the battery pack.

Therefore, the rotary button is arranged at the top of the battery pack, so that the upward moving distance of the battery pack can be reduced, and the driving energy of the battery replacement equipment can be saved; and compared with the rotary buckle arranged in the lateral direction of the battery pack, the rotary buckle is arranged at the top of the battery pack without influencing the overall appearance design of the battery pack, so that the flexibility of the appearance design of the battery pack is improved.

Preferably, one end of the rotary groove is provided with a blocking rib so as to limit the rotation angle of the rotary buckle.

Therefore, the blocking rib is arranged, so that the blocking rib can be used for determining that the battery pack or the locking piece rotates in place, and meanwhile, the phenomenon that the locking reliability and the locking efficiency are affected due to the fact that the turnbuckle and the rotary groove are only partially clamped or even the turnbuckle directly slides out of the rotary groove due to excessive rotation of the battery pack or the locking piece can be avoided.

Preferably, the turnbuckle and the rotary groove are arc-shaped; the central angle corresponding to the turnbuckle and the rotary groove is larger than or equal to 30 degrees.

Therefore, when the locking piece or the battery pack rotates, the rotary groove or the rotary buckle can move along the arc track, so that the smoothness of movement is ensured, the rotation interference can not occur, and the reliability of the locking process is ensured. The sizes of the turnbuckle and the turnbuckle groove are further limited, the influence on locking firmness caused by undersize can be avoided, and the influence on locking efficiency caused by the fact that locking can be realized only by rotating a larger angle when the size is oversized is avoided.

Preferably, the turnbuckle is provided with a plurality of turnbuckles and is uniformly arranged along the circumference of the battery pack, and the turnbuckle are arranged in one-to-one correspondence.

Therefore, by adopting a plurality of turnbuckles to be matched with a plurality of rotary grooves, the stability and the firmness of locking of the battery pack can be improved, the probability of loosening of the battery pack in the running process of a following vehicle is reduced, and the running safety is ensured.

Preferably, the battery pack is provided with a guide part, the electric vehicle is provided with a matching part, and the guide part is matched with the matching part to limit the movement and/or rotation of the battery pack in the vertical direction.

Therefore, through the guiding part and the matching part which are matched with each other, on one hand, the battery pack locking device can be used for guiding the moving direction of the battery pack so as to avoid the influence on the power conversion efficiency caused by the need of repeatedly adjusting the angle of the battery pack, and on the other hand, the battery pack locking device can be used for limiting the freedom degree of the battery pack along the vertical direction or the circumferential direction, providing the battery pack limiting condition and providing favorable conditions for the battery pack locking.

Preferably, the locking mechanism further comprises an anti-rotation member for limiting the relative rotation of the battery pack and the locking member when the battery pack is in the locked state.

Therefore, through the arrangement of the anti-rotation piece, the battery pack or the locking piece can be prevented from further rotating after the battery pack is locked, especially in the driving process, the battery pack or the locking piece can be prevented from rotating to influence the locking effect of the battery pack, the situation that the battery pack is accidentally unlocked and then falls down is avoided, the firmness of the battery pack locking is guaranteed, and the driving safety is guaranteed.

Preferably, the rotation preventing member is provided with at least one and is disposed on a circumferential outer side of the locking member.

Therefore, the setting position of the single anti-rotation piece is optimized, the single anti-rotation piece is arranged on the outer side of the circumference of the locking piece, the anti-rotation range can be enlarged, the anti-rotation effect is ensured, the position of the locking piece cannot rotate accidentally, and the locking effect of the battery pack is further ensured.

Preferably, the anti-rotation member comprises a lock pin and a second driving member, the battery pack is provided with a lock hole, and the second driving member drives the lock pin to be in plug-in fit with the lock hole.

Therefore, the lock pin is inserted into the lock hole to realize rotation prevention, the structure is simple, the operation is easy, the structural configuration of the vehicle end and the battery end is simplified, and the cost is reduced.

Preferably, the locking hole is disposed at an outer edge of the battery pack.

Therefore, through optimizing the setting position of the lock hole, on one hand, the anti-rotation range can be enlarged, the anti-rotation effect is ensured, the battery pack is prevented from rotating, on the other hand, the lock hole can be prevented from occupying the space of other positions of the battery pack, the layout of other components on the battery pack is influenced, and the space of the battery pack is reasonably utilized.

Preferably, the electric vehicle is provided with a body bracket; when the battery pack is in the locking state, a partial area of the battery pack is abutted against the lower surface of the vehicle body bracket.

Therefore, the battery pack is abutted upwards to the vehicle body support, the upward moving stroke of the battery pack can be limited, meanwhile, the shaking probability of the battery pack is reduced, and the locking stability of the battery pack is improved.

Preferably, a buffer is provided between the body bracket and the battery pack.

Therefore, when the impact force between the battery pack and the vehicle body support is large when the battery pack is abutted against the vehicle body support, the outer surface of the battery pack is easy to wear, or the vehicle body support is deformed, and the alignment effect of the battery pack and the locking piece can be possibly affected when the vehicle body support is deformed, namely, the impact force or the impact force of the battery pack can be absorbed by the buffer piece, so that the battery pack and the vehicle body support are protected, and reliable locking is provided.

Preferably, the middle part of the battery pack is provided with a capacity expansion part, and the vehicle body support is provided with an avoidance opening for the capacity expansion part to extend upwards.

Therefore, by arranging the capacity expansion part, the electric energy storage of the battery pack can be increased, so that longer endurance time is provided for the electric vehicle; the dilatation portion can play the effect of direction simultaneously, through making the dilatation portion aim at dodging the mouth, can guide the battery package to be in the angle that makes things convenient for it to carry out the complex with the locking piece to promote locking efficiency.

Preferably, the battery pack is provided with a detection part, the vehicle body support is provided with a sensing part, and the sensing part is used for sensing the detection part to determine the movement position of the battery pack.

From this, through setting up detection spare and the response piece of mutually supporting, conveniently confirm the motion position of battery package, for locking piece or battery package start rotation provide the guide, help improving locking efficiency.

According to a second aspect of the present application, there is provided an electric vehicle including the above locking mechanism, the battery pack being detachably mounted to the electric vehicle by the locking mechanism.

Thanks to the locking mechanism, the electric vehicle can provide efficient, firm and reliable locking of the battery pack, the arrangement of the locking piece has low requirements on vehicle end transformation, the electric vehicle is suitable for various vehicle types, the structure of the battery pack is relatively simple, the locking of the locking piece or the battery pack is simple, only the action of the locking piece or the battery pack improves the flexibility of operation, and the probability of successful locking is increased.

Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the beneficial effects obtained by the application are at least as follows:

The battery pack is locked on the electric vehicle through relative rotation between the battery pack and the locking piece, and the battery pack and the locking piece are rotated only by one of the battery pack and the locking piece, namely one of the battery pack and the electric vehicle is used as an action party, so that the locking flow can be simplified, the power conversion efficiency can be improved, and meanwhile, the operation flexibility can be improved. And only set up the cooperation piece on the battery package, be favorable to the simplification of battery package structure.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and do not constitute a limitation on the application. In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a battery pack locked to a vehicle body bracket according to an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the top of a body frame according to an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the bottom of a vehicle body bracket according to an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present application.

Reference numerals illustrate:

100-car body bracket, 10-rotary groove, 11-mating part, 12-lockpin, 13-second driving piece, 20-battery pack, 21-rotary buckle, 211-hooking part, 101-supporting part, 102-rib, 22-guiding part and 23-lockhole.

Detailed Description

In order to more clearly illustrate the general inventive concept, a detailed description is given below by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings.

In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present application, but the present application may be practiced in other ways than those described herein, and therefore the scope of the present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below. It should be noted that, without conflict, embodiments of the present application and features in each embodiment may be combined with each other.

In addition, in the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present application.

In the present application, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; the device can be mechanically connected, electrically connected and communicated; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communicated with the inside of two elements or the interaction relationship of the two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.

In the present application, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature "up" or "down" a second feature may be the first and second features in direct contact, or the first and second features in indirect contact via an intervening medium. In the description of the present specification, a description referring to terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

Example 1:

as shown in fig. 1 to 4, the locking mechanism of the present embodiment includes a locking member provided to an electric vehicle, a mating member provided to a battery pack 20, the battery pack 20 being detachably mounted to the electric vehicle; wherein, the battery pack 20 and the locking member rotate relatively to switch the battery pack 20 between the unlocked state and the locked state; when the battery pack 20 is in the locked state, the locking member cooperates with the mating member to lock the battery pack 20 to the electric vehicle.

The battery pack battery change of the present application may be applied in a chassis battery change mode of an electric vehicle, which may include an electric utility vehicle, including but not limited to truck vehicles, such as heavy trucks, vans, and the like. Electric vehicles are typically provided with a vehicle roof rail, body mount or the like for providing for the mounting of a latch or the like for removably mounting the battery pack to the electric vehicle.

The battery pack 20 is locked on the electric vehicle by relative rotation between the battery pack 20 and the locking piece, which is essentially that only one of the battery pack 20 and the locking piece rotates, namely, one of the battery pack 20 and the electric vehicle is used as an action party, so that the locking flow can be simplified, the power conversion efficiency can be improved, and meanwhile, the operation flexibility can be improved. In addition, only the matching piece is arranged on the battery pack 20, which is beneficial to simplifying the structure of the battery pack 20.

Specifically, in one example, to implement the locking of the battery pack 20, the battery pack 20 is an action party, and the battery pack 20 may be driven by the battery exchange device to rotate relative to the locking member. In this solution, the battery pack 20 is required to be reliably loaded by the battery exchange device, so as to ensure that the battery pack 20 is driven by the battery exchange device to move synchronously, thereby ensuring that the battery pack 20 is locked normally. The scheme can omit the redundant driving structure arranged at the vehicle end so as to simplify the transformation of the vehicle end and reduce the cost.

In another example, to implement the locking of the battery pack 20, the locking member is an actuating member, and the locking member further includes a first driving member provided on the electric vehicle, where the first driving member drives the locking member to rotate relative to the battery pack 20. For example, in the case where the electric vehicle is provided with the body bracket 100, the locking member is provided on the body bracket 100, and the body bracket 100 is rotated by the first driving member, thereby rotating the locking member. The first driving member may include, for example, a common power source such as a motor, a cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder, etc., and is selected according to actual needs. The scheme can simplify the driving mode of the battery-changing equipment and reduce the driving time of the battery-changing equipment so as to reduce the operation requirement on a battery end.

On the basis of the above scheme, further, the matching piece comprises a turnbuckle 21, the locking piece comprises a turnbuckle 10, and when the battery pack 20 is in a locking state, the turnbuckle 21 is in clamping fit with the turnbuckle 10.

In particular operation, by rotating the battery pack 20 or the locking member, the turnbuckle 21 is screwed into the spin groove 10, providing a novel manner and simple operation as compared to the manner in which the locking member is horizontally moved to lock. As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the turnbuckle 21 and the turnbuckle groove 10 are of mutually matched L-shaped structures, and are simple in structure and convenient to manufacture. In the locked position, the horizontally extending hooking portion 211 of the turnbuckle 21 is carried on the horizontally extending supporting portion 101 of the turnbuckle 10, so that the battery pack 20 can be hooked on the vehicle body bracket 100. By arranging a plurality of turnbuckles 21 and the turnbuckles 10 to be matched with each other, the hanging strength of the battery pack 20 can be improved, and the battery pack 20 is prevented from shaking. As shown in fig. 4, three turnbuckles 21 are provided, the three turnbuckles 21 are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the battery pack 20, and correspondingly, three turnbuckles 10 are also provided, and are respectively arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the three turnbuckles 21. It is understood that the number of the turnbuckles 21 and the turnbuckle grooves 10 can be adjusted according to practical requirements, and is not limited to three.

Preferably, the turnbuckle 21 is provided at the top of the battery pack 20, and the turnbuckle 10 is provided at the lower surface of the vehicle body bracket 100. When the battery pack 20 moves up to the height of the turnbuckle 21 corresponding to the turnbuckle 10, the battery pack 20 moves up to the right position, and the turnbuckle 21 is located higher relative to the upper surface of the battery pack 20, so that the battery pack 21 can be relatively quickly close to the turnbuckle 10 to be matched with the turnbuckle 10, and the distance of upward movement of the battery pack 20 can be shortened. If the turnbuckle 21 is provided on the side wall of the battery pack 20, the shape of the battery pack 20 is required to be high due to the influence of the rotation of the battery pack 20 or the locking member, for example, the battery pack 20 needs to be designed in a cylindrical shape in order to satisfy the locking and unlocking requirements.

In other examples, the turnbuckle 21 may be provided at the bottom of the battery pack 20, in which case the turnbuckle 10 is provided at the upper surface of the body frame 100. In a specific operation, the battery pack 20 may be moved upward above the body bracket 100, and then the turnbuckle 21 is engaged with the turnbuckle 10, and when the battery pack 20 is in a locked state, the battery pack 20 may be supported on the body bracket 100, so that the locking stability of the battery pack 20 may be improved.

Further, as shown in fig. 3, one end of the rotary groove 10 is provided with a rib 102 to limit the rotation angle of the rotary buckle 21. Specifically, the blocking rib 102 is disposed at the outlet end of the spin groove 10, the turnbuckle 21 enters the spin groove 10 along the inlet of the spin groove 10, and when the turnbuckle 21 reaches the stop fit with the blocking rib 102, the turnbuckle 21 rotates in place, so that the turnbuckle 21 can be prevented from directly sliding out from the outlet side of the spin groove 10 without the blocking rib 102, and the locking efficiency is prevented from being affected. The arrangement of the blocking ribs 102 enables one end of the rotary groove 10 to be open and the other end to be closed, and the reliability of the locking process is guaranteed. Preferably, the turnbuckle 21 and the turnbuckle 10 are arc-shaped, and the central angles of the turnbuckle 21 and the turnbuckle 10 are larger than or equal to 30 degrees. Through adopting arc turnbuckle 21 and spiral shell groove 10, when locking piece or battery package 20 takes place to rotate, spiral shell groove 10 or turnbuckle 21 can follow the arc orbit motion, has ensured the smoothness nature of motion, and can not take place to rotate to interfere, has guaranteed the reliability of locking process. Further limiting the dimensions of the turnbuckle 21 and the turnbuckle groove 10 can avoid the influence on the locking firmness when the dimensions are undersized and avoid the influence on the locking efficiency when the dimensions are oversized because the locking can be realized only by rotating a larger angle. For example, the central angle corresponding to the arc of the turn buckle 21 and the turn groove 10 is 30 degrees, or the central angle corresponding to the arc of the turn buckle 21 and the turn groove 10 is 60 degrees, or the central angle corresponding to the arc of the turn buckle 21 and the turn groove 10 is any value between 30 degrees and 60 degrees.

On the basis of the above scheme, further, the battery pack 20 is provided with the guide part 22, the electric vehicle is provided with the matching part 11, and the guide part 22 is matched with the matching part 11 to be used for limiting the movement of the battery pack 20 in the vertical direction.

As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 4, the guiding portion 22 is, for example, a guiding protrusion, and the mating portion 11 is a guiding groove provided on the vehicle body bracket 100, on the one hand, when the battery pack 20 moves upward, the angle of the battery pack 20 can be adjusted according to the orientation of the guiding portion 22 so that the guiding portion 22 aligns with the mating portion 11, so as to play a role in guiding the movement of the battery pack 20; on the other hand, when the guide portion 22 is inserted into the engaging portion 11 and both have a certain engaging size, the battery pack 20 will not move upward any more to limit the degree of freedom of the battery pack 20 in the vertical direction, and at the same time, the degree of freedom of the battery pack 20 to move in the horizontal direction can be limited, providing conditions for the next battery pack 20 locking.

Preferably, both the guide portion 22 and the engaging portion 11 are rounded so as not to interfere with the rotation of the battery pack 20 or the locking member.

In other examples, the engaging portion 11 is, for example, an arc-shaped through hole, the guiding portion 22 is, for example, a guiding block capable of sliding along the arc-shaped through hole, the arc-shaped through hole is, for example, disposed on the inner side of the rotary groove 10, and the arc-shaped through hole corresponds to the same central angle as the rotary groove 10, so that when the rotary buckle 21 and the rotary groove 10 relatively rotate to achieve the clamping connection, the guiding block moves to the end of the arc-shaped through hole along the arc-shaped through hole, at this time, the rotation of the battery pack 20 along the circumferential direction can be limited, and excessive rotation can be prevented from affecting the locking effect.

On the basis of the above scheme, the locking mechanism further comprises an anti-rotation member, wherein the anti-rotation member is used for limiting the relative rotation of the battery pack 20 and the locking member when the battery pack 20 is in the locking state.

Through setting up the anti-rotation piece, can prevent after the locking of battery package 20 that battery package 20 or locking piece from further taking place to rotate, especially in driving, can prevent that battery package 20 or locking piece from taking place to rotate and influence the locking effect of battery package 20, avoid taking place the unexpected unblock of battery package 20 and then the condition that drops, guarantee the firm nature of battery package 20 locking, guarantee driving safety.

Preferably, fig. 1 shows a manner of providing two anti-rotation members, which are disposed opposite to each other along a diagonal line of the body bracket 100 and are disposed at an azimuth angle of the body bracket 100, so that anti-rotation of the whole body bracket 100 and the whole battery pack 20 can be ensured, an anti-rotation range can be enlarged, and an anti-rotation effect can be ensured. It can be understood that the number of anti-rotation members can be reduced on the premise of ensuring the anti-rotation effect, for example, only one anti-rotation member is provided, and the anti-rotation member is arranged on the outer side of the circumference of the locking member so as to ensure the anti-rotation range.

Preferably, the anti-rotation member comprises a lock pin 12 and a second driving member 13, the battery pack 20 is provided with a lock hole 23, and the second driving member 13 drives the lock pin 12 to be in plug-in fit with the lock hole 23.

In a specific operation, when the battery pack 20 is in the locked state, the second driving member 13 can be controlled to drive the lock pin 12 to be inserted into the lock hole 23, so as to limit the rotation freedom degree of the battery pack 20 along the circumferential direction, prevent the situation that the battery pack 20 accidentally rotates along the opposite direction of locking to unlock, and ensure the stability and reliability of locking. By providing the single or multiple locking holes 23 at the outer edge of the battery pack 20 and the single or multiple locking pins 12 at the outer edge of the body frame 100, the stress of the locking pins 12 to prevent the battery pack 20 or the locking member from rotating can be reduced, the risk of breakage of the locking pins 12 can be reduced, and the service life of the battery pack can be prolonged. The second driving member 13 includes, but is not limited to, using a motor, a cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder, etc., to which the present application is not limited.

On the basis of the above scheme, further, when the battery pack 20 is in the locking state, the partial area of the battery pack 20 abuts against the lower surface of the vehicle body bracket 100, so as to increase the contact area between the battery pack 20 and the vehicle body bracket 100, reduce the probability of shaking the battery pack 20, and improve the locking stability of the battery pack 20.

Further, at the position where the battery pack 20 contacts the vehicle body bracket 100, a buffer member is provided therebetween, the buffer member has flexibility or elasticity, and in the process of matching the turnbuckle 21 and the turnbuckle 10, even if a partial region of the battery pack 20 contacts the lower surface of the vehicle body bracket 100, due to the existence of the buffer member, the rotation interference can be prevented, the buffer margin is provided, and the influence on the normal locking of the battery pack 20 is avoided. The cushioning material also reduces wear between the battery pack 20 and the body frame 100, and protects the structure of both. The buffer piece is, for example, buffer cotton or silica gel, and is selected according to actual requirements.

Further, the battery pack 20 has a capacity-enlarging portion in the middle, and the body bracket 100 is provided with a relief opening through which the capacity-enlarging portion protrudes upward. In the examples of fig. 1 and 2, the guide portion 22 is multiplexed as the capacity-enlarging portion, and the fitting portion 11 is multiplexed as the escape port, whereby the structural configuration and processing can be simplified. It will be appreciated that in other examples, the expansion portion and the relief opening may have other shapes, the expansion portion may extend through the relief opening, and the engagement of the expansion portion and the relief opening does not prevent the battery pack 20 or the locking member from rotating.

It will be appreciated that the battery pack 20 needs to be moved to a proper height before the locking action occurs, in order to determine the timing of the locking member or the rotation of the battery pack 20, to improve the locking efficiency, the battery pack 20 is provided with a detecting member, and the vehicle body bracket 100 is provided with a sensing member for sensing the detecting member to determine the movement position of the battery pack 20.

When the battery pack 20 moves up to the sensing range of the sensing member or reaches the sensing position of the sensing member, the sensing member senses the sensing member and sends out an indication signal, and at this time, the locking member or the battery pack 20 can start to rotate. In some examples, the sensing element is, for example, an inductive body, and the sensing element is an inductive switch. The induction switch may be any one of an electromagnetic induction switch, an infrared induction switch, a photoelectric induction switch, and the like, and may be any one of inductors of different materials and structures according to the type of the induction switch. In other examples, the sensing element is a magnet, for example, and the sensing element is a hall element.

The specific operation flow of the locking mechanism in the embodiment when the battery pack 20 is assembled and disassembled is as follows: during installation, the battery pack 20 to be installed is driven by the battery replacement equipment to move to the bottom of the electric vehicle, then the battery pack 20 is lifted by the battery replacement equipment so that the battery pack 20 reaches a proper height, and then the locking piece and the battery pack 20 relatively rotate so that the locking piece and the matching piece are matched to realize locking, and the battery replacement equipment returns. During disassembly, the battery replacement device moves to the lower part of the battery pack 20 to be disassembled and lifts up to support the battery pack 20, then the locking piece and the battery pack 20 rotate relatively to enable the locking piece and the matching piece to be separated from each other to achieve unlocking, and then the battery replacement device drives the battery pack 20 to return to convey the battery pack 20 to a charging position.

Example 2:

In addition to the locking mechanism provided in embodiment 1 described above, this embodiment provides an electric vehicle including the locking mechanism shown in fig. 1 to 4, by which the battery pack 20 can be detachably mounted to the electric vehicle. The electric vehicle includes, for example, a body bracket 100, and the battery pack 20 is detachably attached to the body bracket 100.

Thanks to the locking mechanism, the electric vehicle can provide efficient, firm and reliable locking of the battery pack, the arrangement of the locking piece has low requirements on vehicle end transformation, the electric vehicle is suitable for various vehicle types, the structure of the battery pack is relatively simple, the locking of the locking piece or the battery pack is simple, only the action of the locking piece or the battery pack improves the flexibility of operation, and the probability of successful locking is increased.

The application can be realized by adopting or referring to the prior art at the places which are not described in the application.

In this specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and identical and similar parts of each embodiment are all referred to each other, and each embodiment mainly describes differences from other embodiments.

The foregoing is merely exemplary of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and variations of the present application will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. which come within the spirit and principles of the application are to be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims (15)

1. The locking mechanism is characterized by comprising a locking piece arranged on an electric vehicle, wherein a matching piece is arranged on a battery pack, and the battery pack is detachably arranged on the electric vehicle; the battery pack and the locking piece rotate relatively, so that the battery pack is switched between an unlocking state and a locking state; when the battery pack is in the locking state, the locking piece is matched with the matching piece so as to lock the battery pack on the electric vehicle.

2. A locking mechanism as recited in claim 1, wherein,

The battery pack rotates relative to the locking piece under the drive of the power changing equipment.

3. A locking mechanism as recited in claim 1, wherein,

The locking mechanism further comprises a first driving piece arranged on the electric vehicle, and the first driving piece drives the locking piece to rotate relative to the battery pack.

4. A locking mechanism as recited in claim 1, wherein,

The matching piece comprises a turnbuckle, the locking piece comprises a turnbuckle groove, and when the battery pack is in the locking state, the turnbuckle is matched with the turnbuckle groove in a clamping mode.

5. A locking mechanism as recited in claim 4, wherein,

The turnbuckle is arranged at the top of the battery pack.

6. A locking mechanism as recited in claim 4, wherein,

One end of the rotary groove is provided with a blocking rib so as to limit the rotation angle of the rotary buckle.

7. A locking mechanism as recited in claim 4, wherein,

The turnbuckle and the rotary groove are arc-shaped;

the central angle corresponding to the turnbuckle and the rotary groove is larger than or equal to 30 degrees; and/or

The turnbuckles are provided with a plurality of turnbuckles and are uniformly arranged along the circumference of the battery pack, and the turnbuckles are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the turnbuckles.

8. A locking mechanism as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein,

The battery pack is provided with a guide part, the electric vehicle is provided with a matching part, and the guide part is matched with the matching part to limit the movement and/or rotation of the battery pack in the vertical direction.

9. A locking mechanism as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein,

The locking mechanism further comprises an anti-rotation piece, and the anti-rotation piece is used for limiting the battery pack and the locking piece to rotate relatively when the battery pack is in the locking state.

10. A locking mechanism as recited in claim 9, wherein,

The anti-rotation member is provided with at least one and is arranged on the circumferential outer side of the locking member.

11. A locking mechanism as recited in claim 9, wherein,

The anti-rotation part comprises a lock pin and a second driving part, the battery pack is provided with a lock hole, and the second driving part drives the lock pin to be in plug-in fit with the lock hole.

12. A locking mechanism as recited in claim 11, wherein,

The locking hole is disposed at an outer edge of the battery pack.

13. A locking mechanism as recited in claim 1, wherein,

The electric vehicle is provided with a vehicle body bracket;

When the battery pack is in the locking state, a partial area of the battery pack is abutted against the lower surface of the vehicle body bracket; and/or

A buffer piece is arranged between the vehicle body bracket and the battery pack; and/or

The middle part of the battery pack is provided with a capacity expansion part, and the vehicle body support is provided with an avoidance opening for the capacity expansion part to extend upwards.

14. A locking mechanism as recited in claim 13, wherein,

The battery pack is provided with a detection part, the car body support is provided with an induction part, and the induction part is used for inducing the detection part to determine the movement position of the battery pack.

15. An electric vehicle comprising the locking mechanism of any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the battery pack is detachably attached to the electric vehicle by the locking mechanism.