CN220076113U - Locking mechanism and electric vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a locking mechanism and an electric vehicle, wherein the locking mechanism comprises a locking component arranged on the electric vehicle and a matching component arranged on a battery pack, the battery pack is detachably arranged on the electric vehicle, the locking component comprises a driving piece and a plurality of locking pieces, the plurality of locking pieces move between a locking position and an unlocking position under the driving of the driving piece, and when the plurality of locking pieces are in the locking position, the plurality of locking pieces are matched with the matching component so as to lock the battery pack on the electric vehicle. According to the locking mechanism, the locking assembly arranged at the vehicle end is enabled to operate, so that the battery pack is not locked, the locking and unlocking procedures are simplified, and the battery pack power conversion efficiency is improved. The battery pack does not need to be provided with a complex matching locking structure, which is beneficial to simplifying the structure of the battery pack, thereby reducing the configuration of the battery exchange equipment and simplifying the moving path of the battery exchange equipment. And a plurality of locking parts are matched with the battery pack at the same time, so that the load of a single locking part is reduced, and the locking stability is improved.

Description

Locking mechanism and electric vehicle

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the field of electric vehicle battery replacement, in particular to a locking mechanism and an electric vehicle.

Background

The current power supply mode of the electric automobile mainly comprises two modes of direct charging type charging and quick-change type power conversion, and because of the limitation of charging time and place, many new energy electric automobiles currently gradually adopt a mode of quickly changing batteries for energy supply.

In the prior art, large-sized vehicles such as heavy trucks and the like of new energy series are fixed on a girder of the vehicle in a top hanging mode, and the battery container is arranged close to a cab, so that a large potential safety hazard is brought to a driver and the vehicle in the driving process and the top hanging power-exchanging process; if the battery fails, the driver is directly injured. In addition, the lifting mode has high requirements on the place of the power exchange station, and the power exchange station is required to have a large enough area to execute the battery transferring and the battery storing of the lifting equipment, so that the station building cost is high.

In addition, the chassis type power conversion mode is adopted, and compared with a top hanging type power conversion mode, the safety is improved. In the chassis-type power conversion mode, a power conversion device (or a power conversion trolley) needs to travel below a vehicle so as to take off an original battery pack on the chassis of the vehicle, and then a new battery pack is mounted on the chassis of the vehicle. In some schemes, the battery pack is locked on the electric vehicle through bolts, and the locking mode is complex in locking action and affects the power conversion efficiency; and the locking force of the bolt is easy to be reduced along with the continuous vibration of the vehicle running, and the firmness and stability of the installation of the battery pack are affected. In other schemes, the electric vehicle and the battery pack are respectively provided with a first structure and a second structure which are matched with each other, when the first structure and the second structure are matched and locked, the first structure on the electric vehicle is required to act, the battery pack is required to act so as to drive the second structure on the battery pack to act, the locking action is complex, the operation requirement on the battery pack is high, the configuration of hardware and software of the battery pack is correspondingly required to be improved, the cost is increased, the current exchanging process is complex, and the electricity exchanging efficiency is low. In addition, under this kind of structure, the suitability requirement to the second structure on the battery package is high to it can cooperate better with the first structure on the electric vehicle and carry out the locking, is unfavorable for making the structure of battery package simple. Therefore, further improvements are needed on the basis of chassis-type power conversion to solve the problems in chassis-type power conversion while satisfying safety.

Disclosure of Invention

The utility model provides a locking mechanism and an electric vehicle, which are used for solving at least one of the technical problems.

According to a first aspect of the present utility model, there is provided a locking mechanism comprising a locking assembly mounted to an electric vehicle and a mating assembly mounted to a battery pack, the battery pack being detachably mounted to the electric vehicle, the locking assembly comprising a driving member and a plurality of locking members which are moved between a locking position and an unlocking position under the driving of the driving member, the plurality of locking members being mated with the mating assembly when in the locking position to lock the battery pack to the electric vehicle.

When the locking mechanism disclosed by the utility model is used for executing locking or unlocking actions, only the locking piece at the vehicle end is moved, the action of matching the battery pack with locking can be omitted, the operation is simple and efficient, and the quick change of the battery pack can be realized; the battery pack does not need to be provided with a complex matching locking structure, so that the simplification of the structure of the battery pack is facilitated, the locking structure is prevented from occupying the cell space in the battery pack, and the battery pack is beneficial to simplifying the operation of the battery pack end, so that the configuration of the battery replacement equipment is reduced, the cost is saved, the moving path of the battery replacement equipment can be simplified, and the situation that the battery replacement equipment cannot effectively act or move due to limited operation space of the battery replacement equipment is avoided, thereby ensuring the normal battery replacement of the battery pack. And a plurality of locking parts are matched with the battery pack at the same time, so that the load of a single locking part is reduced, and the locking stability is improved.

Preferably, the plurality of locking pieces are mutually and approximately combined to form a locking hole under the drive of the driving piece so as to reach the locking position, and the upper end of the matching component is in plug-in matching locking with the locking hole; the locking parts are mutually far away under the drive of the driving part so as to be switched to the unlocking position, so that the matching component is separated from the locking component.

Therefore, the locking holes are formed by moving the locking pieces, so that the matching component is matched with the locking holes in a plugging mode to be locked, the locking device is simple in form, and firm and reliable locking can be provided. The locking pieces approach to each other or are far away from each other, and in a battery pack power conversion scene, the locking pieces are high in moving efficiency, so that the power conversion efficiency is improved.

Preferably, the matching component comprises a fixed column and a limiting table arranged at the upper end of the fixed column, the periphery of the limiting table extends outwards relative to the fixed column, and in the locking position, the limiting table is positioned at the upper side of the locking hole and is supported on the locking pieces; the length of the limiting table is larger than the aperture of the locking hole at least in one direction.

Through setting up spacing platform, usable spacing platform cooperates with a plurality of locking piece backstops and prescribes a limit to the removal of battery package, and after the battery package locking, locking component can bear the weight of battery package so as to firmly support the battery package, realizes the firm installation of battery package. By limiting the relation between the length of the limiting table along at least one direction and the aperture of the locking hole, the battery pack can be ensured not to be separated from the locking hole, so that the stability and the reliability of locking of the battery pack can be ensured.

Preferably, the aperture of the locking hole is greater than or equal to the outer diameter of the fixing column.

When the aperture of the locking hole is larger than the outer diameter of the fixing column, the accuracy requirement of the fixing column and the locking hole can be reduced when the battery pack moves to butt joint the locking assembly, the locking hole is prevented from being formed when a plurality of locking pieces cannot move to a preset position, and the locking efficiency is improved; when the aperture of the locking hole is equal to the outer diameter of the fixing column, after the battery pack is locked, the inner side of the locking hole and the outer side of the fixing column are in contact with each other to provide a certain friction force, so that the tightening of the battery pack can be increased, and the locking firmness of the battery pack is optimized.

Preferably, at least one of the inner peripheral walls of the plurality of locking members and the outer side walls of the fixing posts is provided with a buffer member.

After the battery pack is locked, the inner side of the locking hole is abutted against the outer side of the fixing column, and the buffer piece is arranged between the locking hole and the fixing column, so that abrasion between the battery pack and the locking piece can be reduced, and the battery pack and the structure of the locking piece can be protected.

Preferably, at least one of the top surfaces of the locking pieces and the bottom surface of the limiting table is provided with a buffer piece.

After the battery pack is locked, the limiting table is matched with the upper stop and the lower stop of the locking piece, and the buffer piece is arranged between the limiting table and the locking piece, so that the pressure when the limiting table falls on the locking piece can be buffered, the stability that the formation of the locking hole is possibly affected when the locking piece is impacted when the weight of the battery pack is large is prevented, and the reliability of the battery pack locking is ensured.

Preferably, the locking hole is circular or rectangular or polygonal.

The shape of the locking hole is diversified, not limited to a single shape, and the flexibility of the design of the locking piece can be improved so as to optimize the processing; when rectangular or polygonal shapes are adopted, the locking holes can play a role in stopping rotation when matched with fixed columns with certain shapes, and the battery pack can be limited to rotate along the circumferential direction, so that the locking stability and reliability are improved.

Preferably, the driving member comprises a power source and a transmission member, the transmission member is connected with the locking member, and the power source drives the transmission member to move so as to drive the locking member to move.

The driving part is adopted to drive the transmission part to drive the locking part to move, so that the driving mode is simple and efficient, and the efficiency of the action of the locking part is improved.

Preferably, the transmission piece includes the carousel, and with a plurality of pull rods that a plurality of locking piece one-to-one set up, pull rod one end with the carousel rotates to be connected the pull rod other end with the locking piece rotates to be connected, the locking subassembly still includes the fixed disk, the locking piece keep away from the one end of pull rod with the fixed disk rotates to be connected, the carousel is rotatory so that the pull rod drives the locking piece rotates for the fixed disk is rotated, so that a plurality of locking pieces approach each other or keep away from.

Therefore, the turntable is adopted to realize the linkage of the locking pieces through the pull rod, the structure is simple, the synchronous movement of the locking pieces can be realized when the turntable rotates, the locking pieces can be conveniently switched between the locking position and the unlocking position, the efficiency is high, the flexibility is high, and compared with the traditional mode of driving and driving a single structural member, the simultaneous movement of the locking pieces can be realized, the quantity of driving pieces can be saved, and the cost is reduced.

Preferably, the power source comprises a motor, the transmission piece further comprises a rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is fixedly connected with the rotary table, and the motor drives the rotary table to rotate through the rotating shaft.

In this scheme, the motor directly drives the carousel through the pivot and rotates, and transmission efficiency is higher, still can make the rotatory precision of carousel control more easily to the form of the locking hole of control formation guarantees that the locking is reliable.

Preferably, a retaining ring is arranged on the rotating shaft, and the retaining ring locks the rotating shaft when the rotating shaft rotates in place.

Through setting up the retaining ring, it can provide the pivot locking, and then provides carousel locking, can avoid causing the battery package to drop when locking Kong Fanxiang opens to guarantee the fastness and the reliability of battery package locking.

Preferably, the rotary table is provided with moving teeth along the circumferential direction, the power source comprises a motor, the transmission piece further comprises a driving gear, the rotary table is meshed with the driving gear through the moving teeth, and the motor drives the rotary table to rotate through the driving gear.

In the scheme, the driving gear drives the turntable to rotate, so that compared with a mode of directly driving the turntable to rotate, the turntable can be prevented from being used as a part of a load and needs to be increased in driving force, in other words, the driving force can be reduced, and the energy consumption is reduced; and the tooth-shaped meshing transmission mode has high transmission precision, and can ensure the accurate control of the rotation angle of the turntable, thereby ensuring the locking effect.

Preferably, the number of the driving pieces is a plurality, and the driving pieces and the locking pieces are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence manner; each driving member drives one of the locking members to move so that the locking members approach or separate from each other.

The plurality of locking pieces are driven to act independently, so that the form of locking holes formed by the plurality of locking pieces in a matched manner can be optimized, and the locking effect on the battery pack can be enhanced by optimizing the form of the locking holes; in addition, the plurality of locking pieces independently act, so that when the plurality of locking pieces are in a linkage action mode, the action of one locking piece is influenced when the action of the other locking piece fails, and the use failure of the locking assembly is directly caused; in addition, one driving piece drives one locking piece, so that the load is greatly reduced, and the output power of a single driving piece can be reduced, so that the driving piece with lower configuration is adopted, and the cost is saved.

According to a second aspect of the present utility model, there is provided an electric vehicle including the above locking mechanism, the battery pack being detachably mounted to the electric vehicle by the locking mechanism.

Thanks to the locking mechanism, the electric vehicle can provide efficient, firm and reliable locking of the battery pack, the locking assembly is simple in structure and low in vehicle end modification requirement, the locking mechanism is suitable for various vehicle types, the structure of the battery pack is relatively simple, the operation of the battery pack end is simple, the configuration of the battery pack is facilitated to be simplified, and the cost is saved.

By adopting the technical scheme, the utility model has the following beneficial effects:

by adopting the locking mechanism, the locking mechanism provided by the utility model can simplify the locking and unlocking procedures by enabling the locking assembly arranged at the vehicle end to act and omitting the locking action of the battery pack, thereby being beneficial to improving the battery pack power conversion efficiency. And need not to set up the structure that is used for the cooperation locking relatively complicacy on the battery package, therefore be favorable to the simplification of battery package structure, avoid locking structure to occupy the electric core space in the battery package. Further, due to the simplification of battery pack end operation, configuration of the battery pack is facilitated to be reduced, cost is saved, meanwhile, the moving path of the battery pack can be simplified, and the situation that the battery pack cannot effectively act or move due to limited operation space of the battery pack can be avoided, so that normal battery pack battery replacement is guaranteed. And a plurality of locking parts are matched with the battery pack at the same time, so that the load of a single locking part is reduced, and the locking stability is improved.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the utility model and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the utility model and together with the description serve to explain the utility model and do not constitute a limitation on the utility model. In the drawings:

fig. 1 is a schematic view of a locking assembly and a mating assembly in an unlocked state according to an embodiment of the present utility model.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the mating assembly of FIG. 1 moved up into the locking assembly.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the mating assembly of FIG. 1 locked to a locking assembly.

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the latch assembly of FIG. 1 in a latched position.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the locking assembly of FIG. 4 from another perspective.

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the locking assembly of FIG. 5 in an unlocked position.

Reference numerals illustrate:

the device comprises a 10-locking assembly, a 11-matching assembly, a 12-locking piece, a 121-locking hole, 111-fixing columns, 112-limiting tables, 113-mounting plates, 13-turntables, 14-pull rods and 15-fixing plates.

Detailed Description

In order to more clearly illustrate the general inventive concept, a detailed description is given below by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings.

In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present utility model, however, the present utility model may be practiced in other ways than those described herein, and therefore the scope of the present utility model is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below. It should be noted that, without conflict, embodiments of the present utility model and features in each embodiment may be combined with each other.

In addition, in the description of the present utility model, it should be understood that the terms "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present utility model.

In the present utility model, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; the device can be mechanically connected, electrically connected and communicated; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communicated with the inside of two elements or the interaction relationship of the two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present utility model can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.

In the present utility model, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature "up" or "down" a second feature may be the first and second features in direct contact, or the first and second features in indirect contact via an intervening medium. In the description of the present specification, a description referring to terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present utility model. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

As shown in fig. 1 to 6, the present utility model provides a locking mechanism, which comprises a locking assembly 10 mounted on an electric vehicle and a matching assembly 11 mounted on a battery pack, wherein the battery pack is detachably mounted on the electric vehicle, the locking assembly 10 comprises a driving member and a plurality of locking members 12, the plurality of locking members 12 are driven by the driving member to move between a locking position and an unlocking position, and when the plurality of locking members 12 are in the locking position, the plurality of locking members 12 are matched with the matching assembly 10 so as to lock the battery pack on the electric vehicle.

The battery pack battery replacement of the utility model can be applied to a chassis type battery replacement mode of an electric vehicle, specifically, the battery pack is transported to the position of the locking assembly 10 from bottom to top, then is locked through the locking assembly 10, and the opposite process is implemented when the battery pack is unlocked. The electric vehicle may include an electric commercial vehicle, including in particular, but not limited to, a truck vehicle, such as a heavy truck, van, etc. Electric vehicles are typically provided with a vehicle frame, body support, or the like, which may be used to mount the latch assembly 10 for removably mounting the battery pack to the electric vehicle.

Specifically, the locking mechanism includes two parts: compared with the mode that the two parts of structures act to match locking, the battery pack is provided with the locking assembly 10 and the matching assembly 11, and the battery pack is free from being provided with a complex matching locking structure by only enabling the locking assembly 10 to act, so that the battery pack is beneficial to simplifying the structure of the battery pack, the locking structure is prevented from occupying the space of a battery cell in the battery pack, the locking and unlocking procedures are simplified, and the power conversion efficiency is improved. When the battery pack is replaced at the bottom of the vehicle, because the space at the bottom of the vehicle is limited, the battery pack is inconvenient to move or act by the battery pack, and the battery pack is omitted for locking, so that the load of the battery pack can be reduced, and meanwhile, the situation that the battery pack is difficult to move or act due to space limitation, and the normal battery pack replacement is influenced can be avoided. And a plurality of locking pieces 12 are matched with the battery pack at the same time, so that the load of a single locking piece 12 is reduced, and the locking stability is improved.

As a next preferred embodiment of the present utility model, the plurality of locking members 12 are driven by the driving member to mutually approach and enclose to form a locking hole 121 so as to reach a locking position, and the upper end of the matching assembly 11 is in plug-in matching locking with the locking hole 121; the locking members 12 are driven by the driving member to move away from each other so as to switch to the unlocking position, so that the matching assembly 11 is separated from the locking assembly.

As shown in fig. 1 to 3, in a locking and unlocking mode, the operation is simple and convenient by making the mating component 11 extend into the locking hole 121 for locking and making the mating component 11 release from the locking hole 121 for unlocking. By utilizing the plurality of locking pieces 12 to form the locking holes 121 under the mutual cooperation, compared with the structure of adopting fixed locking holes and the like, the service life of the fixed locking holes can be prevented from being influenced by deformation or damage caused by external influence and the like easily after the service time of the fixed locking holes is prolonged.

The movement of the locking member 12 includes translation, rotation, flipping, etc., and the present utility model is not limited thereto. The formation of the locking hole 121 depends on the cooperation between the plurality of locking pieces 12, and by adopting a specific form of the locking piece 12, a desired form of the locking hole 121 can be formed.

As for the shape of the locking hole 121, the present utility model is not particularly limited, and for example, it may be circular, rectangular, polygonal, etc. The mating assembly 11 includes, for example, a fixing post 111, and the fixing post 111 is in plug-in fit with the locking hole 121. In some embodiments, the shape of the cross section of the fixing post 111 perpendicular to the axis is the same as the shape of the locking hole 121, for example, fig. 3 and 5 show examples in which both are circular, so as to reduce the alignment accuracy of the fixing post 111 when it is inserted toward the locking hole 121. In other embodiments, the shape of the cross section of the fixing post 111 perpendicular to the axis is different from the shape of the locking hole 121, for example, the locking hole 121 may be circular, the cross section of the fixing post 111 perpendicular to the axis may be square, or both may be replaced. When the locking hole 121 adopts a rectangular or polygonal shape, after the battery pack is prevented from being locked, when the locking hole 121 is fastened with the fixing column 111, the situation that the locking assembly 10 drives the battery pack to rotate by mistake may exist, which is unfavorable for the stable maintenance of the battery pack, in other words, a certain anti-rotation effect can be achieved when the locking hole 121 with the shape is adopted, and further, the stability and the reliability of the locking of the battery pack are favorable for being ensured.

As a further preferred example of the present embodiment, the mating assembly 11 includes a fixed column 111 and a limiting table 112 disposed at an upper end of the fixed column 111, the limiting table 112 extends outward relative to the fixed column 111 in a circumferential direction, and in the locking position, the limiting table 112 is located above the locking hole 121 and the limiting table 112 is supported on the plurality of locking members 12.

Therefore, when in the locking position, the battery pack can be supported on the locking pieces 12 through the limiting table 112, so that the battery pack is hung, the limiting table 112 and the locking pieces 12 are limited by stopping up and down, the battery pack cannot fall out of the locking holes 121, and the stability, the firmness and the reliability of locking are ensured.

In order to secure the overlapping effect of the stopper 112, the stopper 112 needs to be unable to escape from the locking hole 121. Preferably, the length dimension of the stopper 112 in at least one direction is larger than the aperture of the locking hole 121. For example, when the stopper 112 and the locking hole 121 are of the same shape, the outer diameter of the stopper 112 is larger than the aperture of the locking hole 121. For example, when the limiting table 112 and the locking hole 121 are in different shapes, the limiting table 112 can be clamped on the upper side of the locking hole 121 only by making the length dimension of the limiting table 112 in one direction larger than the aperture of the locking hole 121, so that the reliability of locking is ensured.

As shown in fig. 1, the limiting stand 112 is disposed at an upper end of the fixing column 111, and a lower end of the fixing column 111 may be used for mounting a battery pack, for example, a mounting plate 113 is disposed at a lower end of the fixing column 111, and the battery pack may be screwed to the mounting plate 113.

Further, the aperture of the locking hole 121 is greater than or equal to the outer diameter of the fixing post 111.

When the aperture of the locking hole 121 is larger than the outer diameter of the fixing column 111, the accuracy requirements of the fixing column 111 and the locking hole 121 can be reduced when the battery pack moves to butt joint the locking assembly 10, so that the locking hole 121 is prevented from being formed when a plurality of locking pieces cannot move to preset positions, and the locking efficiency is improved; when the aperture of the locking hole 121 is equal to the outer diameter of the fixing column 111, after the battery pack is locked, the inner side of the locking hole 121 and the outer side of the fixing column 111 are in contact with each other to provide a certain friction force, so that the tightening of the battery pack can be increased, and the locking firmness of the battery pack is optimized.

Further, in some embodiments, a buffer member is provided on at least one of the inner peripheral wall of the plurality of locking members 12 and the outer side wall of the fixing post 111. In the case where the inside of the locking hole 121 abuts against the outside of the fixing post 111 after the battery pack is locked, the buffer member is provided therebetween, so that the abrasion between the battery pack and the locking member 12 can be reduced, thereby protecting the structure of the battery pack and the locking member. The buffer member has a certain elasticity, for example, for convenience in arrangement, the buffer member is an elastic sleeve arranged on the outer side wall of the fixing column 111, and a plurality of elastic protruding points are arranged on the outer surface of the elastic sleeve, so that friction force between the locking hole 121 and the fixing column 111 is increased, and the clasping effect is improved.

In other embodiments, a buffer is disposed on at least one of the top surfaces of the plurality of locking members 12 and the bottom surface of the stop block 112. After the battery pack is locked, the limiting table 112 is matched with the upper stop and the lower stop of the locking piece 12, and the buffer piece is arranged between the limiting table 112 and the locking piece, so that the pressure when the limiting table 112 falls on the locking piece 12 can be buffered, the stability possibly affecting the formation of the locking hole 121 when the locking piece 12 is impacted when the weight of the battery pack is large is prevented, and the reliability of the battery pack locking is ensured. The cushioning member is, for example, elastic, and is, for convenience, a silicone layer disposed on the bottom surface of the limiting platform 112, so as to absorb impact load and reduce wear between the structural members.

On the basis of the scheme, further, the driving piece comprises a power source and a transmission piece, the transmission piece is connected with the locking piece 12, and the power source drives the transmission piece to move so as to drive the locking piece 12 to move.

The driving part is adopted to drive the transmission part to drive the locking part 12 to move, so that the driving mode is simple and efficient, and the efficiency of the action of the locking part 12 is improved.

In a preferred embodiment, the transmission member includes a turntable 13, a plurality of pull rods 14 disposed in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of locking members 12, one end of each pull rod 14 is rotatably connected with the turntable 13, the other end of each pull rod 14 is rotatably connected with the locking member 12, the locking assembly 10 further includes a fixed disk 15, one end of each locking member 12 away from the pull rod 14 is rotatably connected with the fixed disk 15, and the turntable 13 rotates to enable the pull rod 14 to drive the locking member 12 to rotate relative to the fixed disk 15, so that the plurality of locking members 12 approach or separate from each other.

As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the process of switching the position of the lock member 12 is: when the turntable 13 rotates in a counterclockwise direction, for example, the pull rod 14 can be driven, and one end of the locking piece 12 is driven by the pull rod 14 to rotate outwards along the radial direction around the other end, so that the locking pieces 12 are far away from each other to form an open state, and the unlocking position is reached; conversely, when the turntable 13 rotates clockwise, the locking members 12 may be moved closer to each other and cooperate to form the locking hole 121, thereby reaching the locking position.

When the battery pack is locked, the limiting table 112 is abutted against the plurality of locking members 12 downwards, and the limiting table 112 is abutted against the fixed disc 15 upwards, so that the fixed disc 15 and the locking members 12 are clamped with the limiting table 112, the stability of the battery pack locking is improved, the battery pack is prevented from jumping up and down or shaking when the battery pack is vibrated by a vehicle, and the battery pack is enabled to keep the posture stably in the running process of the vehicle, so that the safety is improved.

The driving method of the turntable 13 is not particularly limited, and the present utility model can be realized by any of the following methods, for example.

Example 1:

the power source comprises a motor, the transmission part further comprises a rotating shaft (not shown in the figure), the rotating shaft is fixedly connected with the turntable 13, and the motor drives the turntable 13 to rotate through the rotating shaft.

In this embodiment, the turntable 13 is directly driven by the rotating shaft, that is, the turntable 13 and the rotating shaft are used as a structural member to rotate synchronously, so that the transmission efficiency is high, the influence on the transmission precision and the response sensitivity of the turntable 13 when the transmission chain is increased during intermediate transmission can be avoided, and the efficient and accurate rotation control of the turntable 13 can be realized.

In this embodiment, the rotating shaft may be an output shaft of the motor. Alternatively, the rotating shaft may also be a shaft structure in driving connection with the output shaft of the motor. In the former example, the motor can be stopped immediately after stopping, and the stopping stability of the turntable 13 can be ensured as long as the motor does not work. In the latter example, the deceleration output of the rotating shaft can be achieved by arranging a reduction gearbox or the like in the middle, so as to flexibly adjust the rotation speed of the turntable 13. For example, when locking is required, the rotating speed of the turntable 13 can be relatively high, so that the locking is fast, and the locking efficiency is improved; when unlocking is needed, the rotating speed of the rotary table 13 can be controlled to be properly reduced, so that the situation that the battery pack is likely to drop by mistake when the battery pack is unlocked rapidly when the battery replacement equipment below the battery pack is not ready in place is avoided, and the safety and reliability of unlocking are improved.

Preferably, a retainer ring (not shown) is provided on the shaft, and the retainer ring locks the shaft when the shaft rotates in place. Through setting up the retaining ring, can provide mechanical locking, can avoid the pivot to rotate and put in place the back and make the atress increase and be unfavorable for the protection of locking piece 12 structure between a plurality of locking pieces 12 when the pivot continues the syntropy rotation, perhaps can avoid the pivot to rotate and put in place the back and cause the mistake unblock when the pivot is rotated, lead to the battery package to drop. In addition, the setting of retaining ring can also prevent that the pivot from probably taking place the mistake and rotating and influence the locking effect of battery package when the vehicle shakes in-process of traveling, has guaranteed the stability and the reliability of battery package locking promptly. The retainer ring is sleeved on the rotating shaft, and the retainer ring is provided with a plurality of elastic protruding teeth, so that the rotating shaft can be locked, and meanwhile, the elastic protruding teeth can be extruded to deform when the rotating shaft rotates, and the rotating shaft can be guaranteed to rotate smoothly.

It will be appreciated that the above-described structure for locking the shaft is not limited to the above-described retainer ring, but may be other structures, such as a mechanical lock, etc.

Example 2:

the turntable 13 is provided with moving teeth (not shown in the figure) along the circumferential direction, the power source comprises a motor, the transmission part further comprises a driving gear (not shown in the figure), the turntable 13 is meshed with the driving gear through the moving teeth, and the motor drives the turntable 13 to rotate through the driving gear.

Compared with the embodiment 1, the movement of the turntable 13 in the embodiment is under the action of the intermediate driving gear, and the turntable 13 is not used as a part of the load, so that the driving power is reduced, and the energy consumption is reduced; and, the mode transmission precision of tooth-shaped meshing transmission is high, and the accurate control of the rotation angle of the turntable 13 can be ensured, so that the locking effect is ensured.

While fig. 1 shows the form in which a plurality of locking members 12 are driven by the same driving member, it will be appreciated that the present utility model may also be used to drive a plurality of locking members 12 in other ways. For example, the number of the driving members is plural, and the plural driving members are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the plural locking members 12; each driving member drives one of the locking members 12 to move so that the plurality of locking members 12 approach or separate from each other. By independently driving and controlling the plurality of locking members 12, higher reliability and flexibility are achieved, for example, when the locking hole 121 has a polygonal shape, by driving the plurality of locking members 12 to move and combine to form a polygon, particularly an irregular polygon, by using the plurality of driving members. In addition, in the scheme, when one locking piece 12 fails, the fault can be timely and clearly found, so that targeted maintenance can be performed, and the service life of the combination of a plurality of locking pieces 12 is prolonged.

As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the specific operation flow of the locking mechanism of the present utility model when the battery pack is detached is as follows: during installation, the battery pack to be installed is driven by the battery replacement equipment to move to the bottom or the side of the electric vehicle, then the battery pack is lifted by the battery replacement equipment to enable the battery pack to move upwards, when the battery pack reaches a proper height, the locking pieces 12 move to reach the unlocking position, the battery pack stretches into the inner sides of the locking pieces 12 through the fixing columns 111, then the locking pieces 12 move to reach the locking position, locking of the battery pack is achieved, and then the battery replacement equipment returns. When the battery pack is dismounted, the battery replacement equipment moves to the lower part of the battery pack to be dismounted and rises, the battery pack is supported, then the locking pieces 12 move to the unlocking position, the battery pack is driven by the battery replacement equipment to move out of the inner sides of the locking pieces 12, unlocking of the battery pack is achieved, and then the battery pack is driven by the battery replacement equipment to return to the charging position.

On the basis of the locking mechanism, the utility model further provides an electric vehicle, which comprises the locking mechanism, so that the battery pack is detachably mounted on the electric vehicle through the locking mechanism.

The utility model can be realized by adopting or referring to the prior art at the places which are not described in the utility model.

In this specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and identical and similar parts of each embodiment are all referred to each other, and each embodiment mainly describes differences from other embodiments.

The foregoing is merely exemplary of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Various modifications and variations of the present utility model will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. which come within the spirit and principles of the utility model are to be included in the scope of the claims of the present utility model.

Claims (13)

1. A locking mechanism comprising a locking assembly mounted to an electric vehicle and a mating assembly mounted to a battery pack removably mounted to the electric vehicle, characterized in that,

the locking assembly comprises a driving piece and a plurality of locking pieces, the locking pieces are driven by the driving piece to move between a locking position and an unlocking position, and when the locking pieces are in the locking position, the locking pieces are matched with the matching assembly so as to lock the battery pack on the electric vehicle.

2. A locking mechanism as recited in claim 1, wherein,

the plurality of locking pieces are mutually and approximately combined to form a locking hole under the drive of the driving piece so as to reach the locking position, and the upper end of the matching component is in plug-in matching locking with the locking hole;

the locking parts are mutually far away under the drive of the driving part so as to be switched to the unlocking position, so that the matching component is separated from the locking component.

3. A locking mechanism as recited in claim 2, wherein,

the matching component comprises a fixed column and a limiting table arranged at the upper end of the fixed column, the periphery of the limiting table extends outwards relative to the fixed column, and in the locking position, the limiting table is positioned at the upper side of the locking hole and is supported on the locking pieces;

the length of the limiting table is larger than the aperture of the locking hole at least in one direction.

4. A locking mechanism as set forth in claim 3, wherein,

the aperture of the locking hole is larger than or equal to the outer diameter of the fixing column.

5. A locking mechanism as set forth in claim 3, wherein,

at least one of the inner peripheral walls of the locking pieces and the outer side walls of the fixing columns is provided with a buffer piece; and/or

And at least one of the top surfaces of the locking pieces and the bottom surface of the limiting table is provided with a buffer piece.

6. A locking mechanism as claimed in any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein,

the locking hole is round, rectangular or polygonal.

7. A locking mechanism as recited in claim 1, wherein,

the driving piece comprises a power source and a transmission piece, the transmission piece is connected with the locking piece, and the power source drives the transmission piece to move so as to drive the locking piece to move.

8. A locking mechanism as recited in claim 7, wherein,

the transmission piece includes the carousel, and with a plurality of pull rods that a plurality of locking piece one-to-one set up, pull rod one end with the carousel rotates to be connected the pull rod other end with the locking piece rotates to be connected, the locking subassembly still includes the fixed disk, the locking piece keep away from the one end of pull rod with the fixed disk rotates to be connected, the carousel is rotatory so that the pull rod drives the locking piece for the fixed disk rotates, so that a plurality of locking pieces approach each other or keep away from.

9. A locking mechanism as recited in claim 8, wherein,

the power source comprises a motor, the transmission piece further comprises a rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is fixedly connected with the rotary table, and the motor drives the rotary table to rotate through the rotating shaft.

10. A locking mechanism as recited in claim 9, wherein,

the rotating shaft is provided with a check ring, and the check ring locks the rotating shaft when the rotating shaft rotates in place.

11. A locking mechanism as recited in claim 8, wherein,

the rotary table is provided with moving teeth along the circumferential direction, the power source comprises a motor, the transmission piece further comprises a driving gear, the rotary table is meshed with the driving gear through the moving teeth, and the motor drives the rotary table to rotate through the driving gear.

12. A locking mechanism as recited in claim 1, wherein,

the driving pieces are arranged in a plurality, and the driving pieces and the locking pieces are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence; each driving member drives one of the locking members to move so that the locking members approach or separate from each other.

13. An electric vehicle comprising the locking mechanism of any one of claims 1 to 12, the battery pack being detachably attached to the electric vehicle by the locking mechanism.