CN220822688U - Parallel protection controller for lead-acid battery and marine energy storage battery pack - Google Patents
Parallel protection controller for lead-acid battery and marine energy storage battery pack Download PDFInfo
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- CN220822688U CN220822688U CN202322535046.0U CN202322535046U CN220822688U CN 220822688 U CN220822688 U CN 220822688U CN 202322535046 U CN202322535046 U CN 202322535046U CN 220822688 U CN220822688 U CN 220822688U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a lead-acid battery parallel protection controller and a marine energy storage battery pack, which comprise a main fusing mechanism, at least one branch fusing mechanism and at least one branch breaking mechanism, wherein the branch fusing mechanism and the branch breaking mechanism are used for being connected with branch battery cells of the energy storage battery pack in a one-to-one correspondence manner to form a power supply branch in the energy storage battery pack, two ends of the branch battery cells in the power supply branch are respectively and electrically connected with one end of the branch fusing mechanism and an inlet end of the branch breaking mechanism, and a branch voltage unbalance warning mechanism is arranged between the inlet ends of the branch breaking mechanisms of adjacent power supply branches. Compared with the prior art, the utility model automatically cuts off the loop before the short-circuit heavy current occurs in the power supply branch by arranging the branch fusing mechanism and the branch breaking mechanism in each power supply branch which is connected in parallel; the branch voltage unbalance warning mechanism arranged between adjacent power supply branches prompts operators when abnormal voltage difference occurs between the power supply branches, so that the service life of a battery, a circuit and the safety of personnel are effectively protected.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a parallel protection controller for lead-acid batteries and a marine energy storage battery pack.
Background
The energy storage batteries widely used at present are two types, lithium batteries and lead-acid batteries. Compared with a lithium battery, the lead-acid battery has the characteristics of higher stability and safety under high temperature conditions and smaller capacity fading under low temperature conditions, so that people usually use the lead-acid battery as an energy storage battery for daily energy supply on ships for ships and other use environments with higher reliability.
However, lead-acid batteries also have the disadvantage of low capacity density, and the capacity of the lead-acid batteries suitable for carrying in the ship cabin and with the weight of less than 50 kg is about 2 kilowatt-hours. In the past, the use of ship energy storage is limited to lighting and low-power-consumption equipment sockets, and the daily requirements can be met by connecting 2 to 4 lead-acid batteries in series to provide 4 to 8 kilowatt-hour energy storage electric quantity; with the popularization of solar photovoltaic power generation technology, the ship provided with photovoltaic power generation needs more than ten times of energy storage battery capacity to replace a diesel generator in the ship to work so as to meet the richer daily life electricity consumption of air conditioners, electric water heaters, electromagnetic ovens and the like. For the combination of a large number of energy storage batteries, the high voltage brought by the traditional single series connection mode greatly increases the cost of an inverter matched with the energy storage batteries, and the scheme that the large number of batteries are connected in series during the use process increases the probability of replacing the whole batch of batteries due to the abnormal attenuation and aging of the service life of the single battery; the lead-acid batteries are directly connected in parallel, so that the defects of battery pole virtual connection or accidental short-circuit contact, circuit short circuit between battery group branches at the moment of power-on operation caused by misoperation such as integral polarity reverse connection of individual batteries or one branch and the like during installation or detection maintenance are difficult to avoid, and the batteries are irreversibly damaged due to reverse charging current of thousands of amperes at the highest, so that the disasters of line ignition are further caused; after a certain period of use, due to the electrochemical characteristic difference of the single batteries, the battery pack of one branch or the single batteries in the battery pack in the parallel circuit are aged in advance, voltage dip frequently occurs at the beginning and the end of the work to generate reverse charging among different branches, so that the effective capacity of the energy storage battery pack is reduced, and the aging and the attenuation of the energy storage battery pack are more rapid.
Therefore, the application of the ship energy storage battery pack is in urgent need of a safe, reliable and low-cost scheme for parallel use of lead-acid batteries so as to meet the electricity demand on ships.
Disclosure of utility model
Therefore, the utility model aims to provide a parallel protection controller for lead-acid batteries and a marine energy storage battery pack, so as to solve the problem of electricity safety of short circuit faults among branches, which are easy to occur when a ship user installs and maintains the lead-acid battery pack in parallel operation, and provide early warning for frequent reverse charging among branches caused by early aging of single batteries during use, thereby avoiding effective electric quantity loss and accelerated aging attenuation of the energy storage battery pack.
In order to achieve the above object, a technical scheme of the utility model provides a parallel protection controller for a lead-acid battery, which comprises a main fusing mechanism, at least one branch fusing mechanism and at least one branch breaking mechanism, wherein the branch fusing mechanism and the branch breaking mechanism are used for being connected with branch battery units of an energy storage battery pack in a one-to-one correspondence manner to form a power supply branch inside the energy storage battery pack, a first end of the main fusing mechanism is electrically connected with a first terminal of an external photovoltaic inverter, a second end of the main fusing mechanism is electrically connected with a first end of the power supply branch, a second end of the power supply branch is electrically connected with a second terminal of the external photovoltaic inverter, two ends of the branch battery units are respectively electrically connected with one end of the branch fusing mechanism and an inlet end of the branch breaking mechanism, one end of the branch fusing mechanism, which is far away from the branch battery units, is connected in parallel to form the first end of the power supply branch, is electrically connected with the main fusing mechanism, and a wire outlet end of each power supply branch breaking mechanism is connected in parallel to form a second end of the power supply branch is electrically connected with a second terminal of the external photovoltaic inverter.
Further, the bypass battery cell is defined as a lead acid battery, the bypass battery cell being one or more of a conventional lead acid battery, an AGM lead acid battery and a GEL lead acid battery, the bypass battery cell being composed of one independent battery or a plurality of batteries of the same type in series.
Further, the main and branch fusing mechanisms are defined as direct current flash fuses.
Further, the branch circuit breaking mechanism is defined as a direct current breaker, and the inlet wire end of the direct current breaker is electrically connected with the cathode post or the anode post of the battery positioned at the tail end or the head end of the branch battery unit, and the outlet wire ends of the direct current breakers of all power supply branches are electrically connected with the second binding post of the photovoltaic inverter after being connected in parallel.
Further, the lead-acid battery parallel protection controller further comprises a branch voltage unbalance warning mechanism, a first end of the branch voltage unbalance warning mechanism is electrically connected with a wire inlet end of a branch circuit breaking mechanism of one of the two adjacent power supply branches, and a second end of the branch voltage unbalance warning mechanism is electrically connected with a wire inlet end of a branch circuit breaking mechanism of the other of the two adjacent power supply branches.
Further, the branch voltage unbalance warning mechanism comprises a first warning branch, a second warning branch and a third warning branch which are connected in parallel between the inlet wire end of the branch circuit breaking mechanism of one of the two adjacent power supply branches and the inlet wire end of the branch circuit breaking mechanism of the other of the two adjacent power supply branches, wherein the first warning branch comprises a first light emitting diode and a first current limiting resistor, the second warning branch comprises a second light emitting diode and a second current limiting resistor, and the third warning branch comprises a first buzzer, a second buzzer and a self-recovery fuse; the positive pole of first emitting diode, the one end of second current-limiting resistor, the positive pole of first bee calling organ with the negative pole parallel connection of second bee calling organ forms the first end of branch road voltage unbalance warning mechanism, the negative pole of first emitting diode is connected with the one end of first current-limiting resistor electricity, the one end of first current-limiting resistor, the positive pole of second emitting diode and the one end of self-recovery fuse parallel connection form the second end of branch road voltage unbalance warning mechanism, the other end of first current-limiting resistor is connected with the negative pole electricity of first emitting diode, the negative pole of second emitting diode is connected with the other end electricity of second current-limiting resistor, the negative pole of first bee calling organ is connected with the other end electricity of self-recovery fuse after being connected with the positive pole of second bee calling organ in parallel.
Further, the main fusing mechanism and each branch fusing mechanism are arranged in a fusing box body, the fusing box body is provided with a first mounting cavity, a main fusing wiring hole penetrating through the outer wall of the fusing box body and communicated with the first mounting cavity, and a plurality of branch fusing wiring holes corresponding to the branch fusing mechanisms, and cables connected to the main fusing mechanism and each branch fusing mechanism are led out through the main fusing wiring hole and the branch fusing wiring holes in a one-to-one correspondence manner; the outer wall of the fuse box body is provided with a first operation port and a first visible cover plate hinged on the first operation port;
Each branch circuit breaking mechanism and each branch circuit voltage unbalance warning mechanism are arranged in a circuit breaking box body, the circuit breaking box body is provided with a second installation cavity and branch circuit breaking wiring holes which penetrate through the outer wall of the circuit breaking box body and are communicated with the second installation cavity, and cables connected to the inlet end and the outlet end of each branch circuit breaking mechanism are led out through the branch circuit breaking wiring holes in a one-to-one correspondence manner; a second operation port is formed in the outer wall of the circuit breaking box body, and a second visual cover plate is hinged to the second operation port; the outer wall of the circuit breaking box body is provided with an assembly opening of the first light emitting diode and the second light emitting diode and a sound outlet of the first buzzer and the second buzzer.
In order to achieve the above purpose, another technical scheme of the utility model also provides a marine energy storage battery pack which is installed on a ship and used for supplying power to electric equipment, and comprises a plurality of parallel branch battery units and the lead-acid battery parallel protection controller which is electrically connected with the branch battery units.
According to the utility model, the branch fusing mechanism and the branch breaking mechanism are respectively arranged on each power supply branch, if the positive pole and the negative pole of a certain branch battery unit are in error of integral reverse connection or direct short connection of the battery pole, the short circuit phenomenon of the loop voltage which is highest twice the voltage of the branch battery unit and extremely low loop resistance is generated between the wrong power supply branch and other power supply branches, so that the current of the loop instantaneously reaches a higher value, and before the peak value is reached, the loop is cut off by the automatic tripping action through the detection of the branch breaking mechanism, so that the energy storage battery pack is protected, and the safety of the circuit is ensured; if the branch circuit breaking mechanism of the wrong power supply branch circuit fails to automatically trip and cut off the loop, and the loop current exceeds the rated current value of the branch circuit fusing mechanism, the fuse wire in the branch circuit fusing mechanism is quickly fused to cut off the loop.
According to the utility model, the branch voltage unbalance warning mechanism is arranged between the adjacent power supply branches, when one or more battery cells in a certain branch battery cell are abnormally aged to generate a steep drop phenomenon near a specific voltage in the discharging process, a voltage difference which is opposite to the polarity of the battery cell in question is generated between the two power supply branches, and abnormal cycles of voltage drop, reverse charging, balance, voltage drop and reverse charging are generated, so that a buzzer at the corresponding position in the branch voltage unbalance warning mechanism is conducted for a plurality of times to give a short sound to prompt and help a ship user to quickly locate the failed power supply branch; if the positive pole and the negative pole of a certain branch battery unit are in reverse connection error during installation and maintenance, a voltage difference which is equivalent to about 2 times of the voltage value of the branch battery unit is generated between a power supply branch and other power supply branches, which are in error before power is operated on a closed branch circuit breaking mechanism, and the working voltage of the light-emitting diode is fed, so that a user is continuously informed of the continuous lighting and needs to immediately and manually operate the branch circuit breaking mechanism to break a loop.
In addition, the lead-in end of the branch circuit breaking mechanism arranged on the power supply branch circuit is respectively and electrically connected with the branch battery units of all the branches, and the lead-out end is connected in parallel to the external photovoltaic inverter, so that the work of the power supply branch circuit is recovered by manually switching off the branch circuit breaking mechanism of one power supply branch circuit and replacing the branch battery unit of the power supply branch circuit on the premise of not interrupting the power supply output of the external photovoltaic inverter.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a lead-acid battery parallel protection controller of the present utility model.
Fig. 2 is an assembly view of a fuse box and fuse mechanisms.
Fig. 3 is an assembly view of the circuit breaker case and each circuit breaker mechanism.
The specification reference numerals are as follows:
The main fusing mechanism 10, the power supply branch 20, the branch battery unit 21, the branch fusing mechanism 22, the branch circuit breaking mechanism 23, the fusing box body 30, the first mounting cavity 31, the main fusing wiring hole 32, the branch fusing wiring hole 33, the first operation port 34, the first visual cover plate 35, the circuit breaking box body 40, the second mounting cavity 41, the branch circuit breaking wiring hole 42, the second operation port 43, the second visual cover plate 44, the assembly opening 45, the sound outlet 46, the branch voltage unbalance warning mechanism 50 and the photovoltaic inverter 60.
Detailed Description
The following is a further detailed description of the embodiments:
Examples
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the parallel protection controller for lead-acid battery of the present utility model includes a main fusing mechanism 10, at least one branch fusing mechanism 22 and at least one branch breaking mechanism 23 connected with an external photovoltaic inverter 60, in this embodiment, the type of the photovoltaic inverter 60 is preferably a high-frequency photovoltaic charging and inverting integrated machine HS55, and is connected to a 48V energy storage battery pack, and ac output power 5500W. The branch fusing mechanism 22 and the branch breaking mechanism 23 are used for being connected with the branch battery units 21 of the energy storage battery pack in a one-to-one correspondence manner to form a power supply branch 20 inside the energy storage battery pack, and a plurality of power supply branches 20 are formed in the energy storage battery pack; in each power supply branch 20, a branch fusing mechanism 22 and a branch breaking mechanism 23 are respectively connected at two ends of a branch battery unit 21, and when each power supply branch 20 works, the branch breaking mechanism 23 can be manually controlled to realize independent power supply, and the power supply can also be performed in a parallel combination mode according to actual power consumption requirements. The first end of the main fusing mechanism 10 is electrically connected with the first terminal of the photovoltaic inverter 60, the second end of the main fusing mechanism 10 is electrically connected with the first end of the power supply branch 20, and the second end of the power supply branch 20 is electrically connected with the second terminal of the external photovoltaic inverter 60; in this embodiment, in the photovoltaic power supply system configured on the ship, the ends of the branch fusing mechanisms 22, which are far from the branch battery cells 21, are connected in parallel to form the first ends of the power supply branches 20 and are electrically connected with the main fusing mechanism 10, and the wire outlet ends of the branch circuit breaking mechanisms 23 are connected in parallel to form the second ends of the power supply branches 20 and are electrically connected with the second poles of the external photovoltaic inverter 60, so that the electric energy of the branch battery cells 21 is input into the photovoltaic inverter 60 through the main fusing mechanism 10 and flows back to the branch battery cells 21 through the branch circuit breaking mechanisms 23 to form a power supply loop; the photovoltaic inverter 60 inverts the direct current power supply of the energy storage battery pack into alternating current 220V power supply output to provide the power consumption equipment on the ship, the main fusing mechanism 10 can timely fuse to protect each branch battery unit 21 and the external photovoltaic inverter 60 with high value and avoid the high-temperature ignition risk of a connecting cable when the short circuit fault or the charging and discharging current overload of the power supply branch 20 occurs, the branch circuit breaking mechanism 23 is used for automatically tripping to break the power supply branch 20 when the short circuit fault or the charging and discharging current exceeds the rated current, the branch circuit breaking mechanism 23 can also be manually opened or closed to break and restore the connection operation on the power supply branch 20 when the current overload of the power supply branch 20 occurs, and the branch circuit breaking mechanism 22 is used for quickly fusing to play a role in further protecting the circuit when the branch circuit breaking mechanism 23 fails to trip the breaking circuit.
In this embodiment, the branch fusing mechanisms 22 or the branch breaking mechanisms 23 connected with the same polarity columns of the branch battery units 21 are respectively arranged in different box bodies, so that short-circuit faults caused by the false contact of the positive pole and the negative pole of the power supply branch 20 during installation and maintenance can be effectively avoided, and the main fusing mechanism 10 and the branch fusing mechanisms 22 are arranged in a fusing box body 30.
Specifically, the fuse box body 30 has a first mounting cavity 31, a main fuse wire hole 32 penetrating through an outer wall of the fuse box body 30 and communicating with the first mounting cavity 31, and a plurality of branch fuse wire holes 33 corresponding to the branch fuse mechanisms 22, the main fuse mechanisms 10 and the branch fuse mechanisms 22 are disposed in the first mounting cavity 31, and cables connected to the main fuse mechanisms 10 and the branch fuse mechanisms 22 are led out through the main fuse wire hole 32 and the branch fuse wire hole 33 one by one and then electrically connected to the corresponding polarity connection terminals of the first terminal, the second terminal and the branch battery unit 21 of the corresponding photovoltaic inverter 60. In order to facilitate operation and observation of the working states of the main fusing mechanism 10 and the branch fusing mechanism 22, a first operation opening 34 is arranged on the outer wall of the fuse box body 30 so as to overhaul and replace the main fusing mechanism 10 and the branch fusing mechanism 22, a first visible cover plate 35 is hinged on the first operation opening 34, and the first visible cover plate 35 is arranged on the first operation opening 34 in a covering manner so as to seal the first operation opening 34 and further isolate the main fusing mechanism 10 and the branch fusing mechanism 22; the first visual cover plate 35 is made of transparent plastic or glass, so that a worker can observe the working states of the main fusing mechanism 10 and the branch fusing mechanism 22 through the first visual cover plate 35.
Each of the branch circuit breaker mechanisms 23 and the branch voltage unbalance warning mechanism 50 connecting the adjacent branch circuit breaker mechanisms 23 are housed in a circuit breaker case 40.
Specifically, the circuit breaking box 40 has a second installation cavity 41 and a branch circuit breaking connection hole 42 penetrating through the outer wall of the circuit breaking box 40 and communicating with the second installation cavity 41, each branch circuit breaking mechanism 23 is disposed in the second installation cavity 41, and cables connected to the wire inlet end and the wire outlet end of the branch circuit breaking mechanism 23 are led out through the branch circuit breaking connection hole 42 and then electrically connected to the first end, the second end and the corresponding polarity connection end of the corresponding main fusing mechanism 10 and the corresponding polarity connection end of the branch battery cell 21, and two ends of the branch circuit voltage unbalance warning mechanism 50 are respectively connected to the wire inlet ends of the adjacent branch circuit breaking mechanisms 23. Similarly, in order to facilitate operation and observe the working state of the branch circuit breaking mechanism 23, a second operation opening 43 is provided on the outer wall of the circuit breaking box body 40, so as to facilitate operation of the branch circuit breaking mechanism 23 and observe the working state thereof, a second visual cover plate 44 is hinged on the second operation opening 43, and the second visual cover plate 44 is covered on the second operation opening 43, so as to close the second operation opening 43 and isolate the branch circuit breaking mechanism 23; the second visual cover 44 is made of transparent plastic or glass, so that a worker can observe the working state of the branch circuit breaking mechanism 23 through the second visual cover 44.
Preferably, the circuit breaking box 40 is further provided with a fitting hole 45 and a sound outlet hole 46, and the fitting hole 45 and the sound outlet hole 46 are used for respectively installing a light emitting diode of the branch voltage unbalance warning mechanism 50 and a sound transmission of a buzzer of the branch voltage unbalance warning mechanism 50 (specifically described below).
The bypass battery unit 21 includes a plurality of unit cells connected in series to provide a direct current voltage required by the photovoltaic inverter. The branch fusing mechanism 22 is electrically connected with the positive pole or the negative pole of the battery at the head end or the tail end, and the branch breaking mechanism 23 is electrically connected with the negative pole or the positive pole of the battery at the tail end or the head end; specifically, the second end of the main fusing mechanism 10 is electrically connected to an end of the branch fusing mechanism 22 away from the branch battery unit 21, and an end of the branch fusing mechanism 22 close to the branch circuit unit 21 is electrically connected to a positive electrode column or a negative electrode column of the battery located at the head end or the tail end. In this embodiment, the battery is defined as a lead-acid battery, the branch battery cells are one or more of a conventional lead-acid battery, an AGM lead-acid battery and a GEL lead-acid battery, the lead-acid battery has specifications of 12V and 200AH, preferably a battery with a model number of NPG12-200, 4 branch battery cells 21 connected in series to have a nominal voltage of 48V, the open circuit voltage of the battery pack after the charging of the branch battery cells 21 is cut off is 52V, and the open circuit voltage of the battery pack after the discharging is cut off is 44V.
In this embodiment, the main fusing mechanism 10 is defined as a dc fuse, and the melting point of the fuse wire inside the main fusing mechanism 10 is far lower than that of the copper wire in the line, so that when the current of the main line exceeds the rated current, the fuse wire inside the main fusing mechanism 10 can be quickly fused to play a role of reinforcing and protecting the equipment and the cable connected to the line. The branch fusing mechanism 22 is defined as a direct current fuse.
In this embodiment, the specification of the main fusing mechanism 10 is DC80V/160A, and the specification of the branch fusing mechanism 22 is DC80V/125A; the main fusing mechanism 10 and the branch fusing mechanism 22 may be implemented by using fuses of standard specifications, for example, the main fusing mechanism 10 may be implemented by using a DC fast fuse with a model of CRT36-00DC80V/160A, and the branch fusing mechanism 22 may be implemented by using a DC fast fuse with a model of CRT36-00DC80V/125A, which will not be described in detail in this embodiment.
The branch circuit breaking mechanism 23 is defined as a dc breaker, the incoming line end of the dc breaker is electrically connected to the negative pole or the positive pole of the battery at the tail end or the head end, and the outgoing line end of the dc breaker is electrically connected to the second terminal of the external photovoltaic inverter 60 after being connected in parallel; when the working current of one power supply branch 20 exceeds the rated current, the direct current breaker executes an automatic tripping action after detecting the current value, and the power supply branch 20 is disconnected without affecting the normal use of other power supply branches 20.
In this embodiment, the branch circuit breaker 23 may be implemented using a standard type of circuit breaker, such as a dc circuit breaker of the type DZ47-125, with a specification of 100V rated voltage/125A rated current.
In this embodiment, a branch voltage unbalance warning mechanism 50 is disposed between two adjacent power supply branches 20, and when the voltage difference between two parallel power supply branches 20 reaches the warning voltage, a buzzer in the branch voltage unbalance warning mechanism 50 is driven to work, so that the buzzer sounds to remind a user to check the branch battery unit 21 in the circuit; when the voltage difference between the two parallel power supply branches 20 reaches the fault voltage, a buzzer or a light emitting diode in the branch voltage unbalance warning mechanism 50 is driven to work at the same time, and a buzzer sound or a light reminds a user to immediately disconnect the power supply branches 20 so as to check the state of the branch battery units 21 in the circuit. Specifically, the first end of the branch voltage unbalance warning mechanism 50 is electrically connected to the incoming line end of the branch circuit breaker 23 in one of the power supply branches 20, the second end of the branch voltage unbalance warning mechanism 50 is electrically connected to the incoming line end of the branch circuit breaker 23 in the other power supply branch 20, when the circuit connection of each power supply branch 20 is completed and the branch circuit breaker 23 is closed, if the voltage of the branch battery cells 21 in the two parallel power supply branches 20 is unbalanced, the voltage difference is within the maximum voltage difference range under the normal working condition of the branch battery cells 21, i.e. does not exceed the difference between the charge cutoff voltage value and the discharge cutoff voltage value, the voltage difference between the two ends of the branch voltage unbalance warning mechanism 50 drives the buzzer to prompt the user to check each branch battery cell 21, and at this time, the loop current for reversely charging the low-voltage branch battery cells 21 appears in the power supply branch circuit 20, and the voltage difference between the two ends of the branch voltage unbalance warning mechanism 50 is gradually reduced; after the branch battery units 21 are installed or maintained, before the branch circuit breaking mechanism 23 is closed after the circuit connection of each power supply branch 20 is completed, if the positive pole and the negative pole of the battery unit 21 of one branch are in reverse connection, a loop voltage difference equivalent to 2 times of the voltage value of the branch battery unit 21 appears between two parallel power supply branches 20, the working voltage range of the light emitting diode in the branch voltage unbalance warning mechanism 50 is reached, and the light emitting diode is driven to prompt a user to stop executing the action of the branch circuit breaking mechanism 23, so that the short circuit fault among the power supply branches 20 is avoided.
Specifically, the branch voltage unbalance warning mechanism 50 includes a first warning branch, a second warning branch and a third warning branch, the first warning branch includes a first light emitting diode LED 1 and a first current limiting resistor R 1 that are connected in series, the second warning branch includes a second light emitting diode LED 2 and a second current limiting resistor R 2 that are connected in series, and the third warning branch includes a first buzzer SPK 1, a second buzzer SPK 2 and an adaptive self-recovery fuse PPTC. The first light emitting diode LED 1 and the second light emitting diode LED 2 are installed in the installation opening 45 of the circuit breaking box 40, and the first buzzer SPK 1 and the second buzzer SPK 2 are installed corresponding to the sound outlet 46, respectively, so as to transmit sound out through the sound outlet 46. The positive pole of the first light emitting diode LED 1, one end of the second current limiting resistor R 2, the positive pole of the first buzzer SPK 1 and the negative pole of the second buzzer SPK 2 are connected in parallel to form a first end of the branch voltage unbalance warning mechanism 50 and the wire inlet end of the branch circuit breaking mechanism 23 of the power supply branch 20, the negative pole of the first light emitting diode LED 1 is connected with one end of the first current limiting resistor R 1, the negative pole of the first buzzer SPK 1 and the positive pole of the second buzzer SPK 2 are connected in parallel to be connected with one end of the self-recovery fuse PPTC, the other end of the first current limiting resistor R 1, the positive pole of the second light emitting diode LED 2 and the other end of the self-recovery fuse PPTC are connected in parallel to form a second end of the branch voltage unbalance warning mechanism 50 and the wire inlet end of the branch circuit breaking mechanism 23 of the adjacent other power supply branch 20, and the negative pole of the second light emitting diode LED 2 is electrically connected with the other end of the second current limiting resistor R 2.
In this embodiment, the polarities of the first LED 1 and the second LED 2 are opposite, when a voltage difference is generated between two adjacent power supply branches 20 to reach the LED operating voltage, the first LED 1 or the second LED 2 will be turned on according to the voltage directions of the two power supply branches, so that a worker can quickly locate a specific power supply branch 20 with a fault or abnormality, and perform an open maintenance operation on the faulty or abnormal power supply branch 20 in time. In this embodiment, the highest voltage of the charging cut-off of the branch battery unit 21 of the external photovoltaic inverter 60 is 52V, and the lowest voltage of the discharging cut-off is 44V, so that the maximum reverse voltage difference between the two power supply branches 20 is 8V in the normal working state.
The specification preferred specification of the first buzzer SPK 1 and the second buzzer SPK 2 is a DC1.5-12V piezoelectric buzzer, the maximum working current is 30mA, and the preferred specification of the self-recovery fuse PPTC is 250V/30mA; the specification of the first light emitting diode LED 1 and the second light emitting diode LED 2 is preferably a yellow LED with 3V and 20mA, the working range is 2.8-3.5V, the specification of the first current limiting resistor R 1 and the second current limiting resistor R 2 is preferably 4.7kΩ, the working voltage of the first warning branch and the second warning branch is 90-110V under the specification, the working voltage of the third warning branch is 3-12V, and when the voltage difference between two ends of the third warning branch exceeds 12V, namely, the working current exceeds 30mA, the circuit is automatically cut off and the automatic recovery function is provided.
More specifically, the energy storage battery pack includes two power supply branches 20, the branch battery unit 21 in each power supply branch 20 includes four lead-acid batteries with the specification of 12V and 200Ah connected in series, and in this embodiment, an abnormality or a fault may occur during use, and in each power supply branch 20, the working voltage range in the corresponding power supply branch 20 after the four lead-acid batteries are connected in series is 44V to 52V.
In the use process of the embodiment, when a certain branch battery unit has an internal resistance abrupt change phenomenon after being used for a period of time, for example, the internal resistance of a normal battery is 16 milliohms and is 40 milliohms after being lower than the abrupt change voltage, during the discharging period of 100A, the corresponding open circuit voltage will have a steep drop point of 2.4V, at this time, the battery in the normal power supply branch 20 will reversely charge the battery with the abrupt drop of 2.4V of the open circuit voltage after the abrupt change of the internal resistance, and will repeatedly appear during the discharging period in the subsequent use, which will not generate irreversible damage to the battery, but will seriously affect the available capacity of the battery pack. When this occurs, the voltage difference generated between the power supply branch 20 with abrupt internal resistance and the adjacent power supply branch 20 drives the first buzzer SPK 1 or the second buzzer SPK 2 to operate to make a sound, reminding a person to perform voltage measurement and maintenance on the branch battery cells 21, respectively.
When a user manually operates the branch circuit breaking mechanism 23 to disconnect one of the power supply branches 20 due to maintenance or other reasons, only one power supply branch circuit 20 remains to work, and after the corresponding circuit is connected, before the operation of the branch circuit breaking mechanism 23 resumes the parallel operation of the two power supply branches 20, if the voltage value difference of the two branch battery units 21 exceeds 1.5V, the voltage difference drives the first buzzer SPK 1 or the second buzzer SPK 2 to work to make a sound, and the person is reminded to continue charging one of the branch battery units 21 to achieve voltage balance and then resume the parallel operation of the two power supply branches 20.
When a short circuit fault of the positive pole and the negative pole of a certain power supply branch 20 occurs due to misoperation of a worker during working, an extremely low-resistance loop is formed between the parallel power supply branches 20 immediately, the current peak value of the instant loop can reach 1500A (48V/32 mΩ), and before the peak value reaches, the corresponding branch circuit breaking mechanism 23 in the circuit detects the fault current and automatically cuts off the loop; also in this case, if the branch circuit breaking mechanism 23 fails, the branch circuit fusing mechanism 22 in the corresponding branch circuit may function as a disconnection circuit as a supplement.
When it is found during operation that a single battery or a battery unit 21 of a branch in the power supply branch 20 is aged in advance to replace the battery, if a reverse connection fault occurs between the positive and negative poles of the battery unit 21 of the branch, before the power supply is recovered by the closed branch circuit breaking mechanism 23, the two power supply branches 20 and the branch voltage unbalance warning mechanism 50 form a loop with a voltage difference of about 96V, and the first light emitting diode LED 1 or the second light emitting diode LED 2 in the branch voltage unbalance warning mechanism 50 is turned on to prompt an operator to check and correct the circuit, at this time, the self-recovery fuse PPTC of the third warning branch will detect that an excessive current automatically breaks the third warning branch.
As a preferred mode of this embodiment, the present utility model also provides a marine energy storage battery pack mounted on a ship for supplying power to electric equipment on the ship, the marine energy storage battery pack including a plurality of parallel-connected branch battery cells 21 and the lead-acid battery parallel protection controller described in the above embodiment electrically connected with the branch battery cells 21 to ensure safe use of the marine energy storage battery pack.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a lead acid battery parallel protection controller, its characterized in that includes main fusing mechanism and at least one branch road shutdown mechanism, branch road fusing mechanism and branch road shutdown mechanism are used for being connected with the branch road battery unit one-to-one of energy storage battery group and form a power supply branch road inside the energy storage battery group, the first end of main fusing mechanism is connected with the first terminal electricity of outside photovoltaic dc-to-ac converter, the second end of main fusing mechanism is connected with the first end of power supply branch road electricity, the second end of power supply branch road is connected with the second terminal electricity of outside photovoltaic dc-to-ac converter, the both ends of branch road battery unit are connected with branch road fusing mechanism one end and branch road shutdown mechanism's inlet wire end electricity respectively, branch road fusing mechanism keeps away from branch road battery unit's one end parallelly connected formation the first end of power supply branch road with main fusing mechanism electricity is connected, the branch road shutdown mechanism's of each power supply branch road shutdown mechanism is parallelly connected forms the second end of power supply branch road is connected with the second post electricity of outside photovoltaic dc-to-ac converter.
2. The lead acid battery parallel protection controller of claim 1, wherein the bypass battery cell is defined as a lead acid battery, the bypass battery cell being one or more of a conventional lead acid battery, an AGM lead acid battery, and a GEL lead acid battery, the bypass battery cell being comprised of one independent battery or a plurality of batteries of the same type in series.
3. The lead acid battery parallel protection controller of claim 1, wherein the main and branch fusing mechanisms are defined as direct current flash fuses.
4. The parallel protection controller of lead-acid batteries according to claim 1, wherein the branch circuit breaking mechanism is defined as a direct current breaker, and the incoming line end of the direct current breaker is electrically connected with the negative pole or the positive pole of the battery at the tail end or the head end of the branch battery unit, and the outgoing line end of the direct current breaker of each power supply branch is electrically connected with the second terminal of the photovoltaic inverter after being connected in parallel.
5. The parallel protection controller of lead-acid batteries of claim 1, further comprising a branch voltage imbalance warning mechanism, a first end of the branch voltage imbalance warning mechanism being electrically connected to a wire inlet end of a branch circuit breaker of one of the two adjacent power supply branches, a second end of the branch voltage imbalance warning mechanism being electrically connected to a wire inlet end of a branch circuit breaker of the other of the two adjacent power supply branches.
6. The lead-acid battery parallel protection controller of claim 5, wherein the branch voltage unbalance warning mechanism comprises a first warning branch, a second warning branch and a third warning branch connected in parallel between a wire inlet end of a branch circuit breaker of one of the two adjacent power supply branches and a wire inlet end of a branch circuit breaker of the other of the two adjacent power supply branches, the first warning branch comprising a first light emitting diode and a first current limiting resistor, the second warning branch comprising a second light emitting diode and a second current limiting resistor, the third warning branch comprising a first buzzer, a second buzzer and a self-restoring fuse; the positive pole of first emitting diode, the one end of second current-limiting resistor, the positive pole of first bee calling organ with the negative pole parallel connection of second bee calling organ forms the first end of branch road voltage unbalance warning mechanism, the negative pole of first emitting diode is connected with the one end of first current-limiting resistor electricity, the one end of first current-limiting resistor, the positive pole of second emitting diode and the one end of self-recovery fuse parallel connection form the second end of branch road voltage unbalance warning mechanism, the other end of first current-limiting resistor is connected with the negative pole electricity of first emitting diode, the negative pole of second emitting diode is connected with the other end electricity of second current-limiting resistor, the negative pole of first bee calling organ is connected with the other end electricity of self-recovery fuse after being connected with the positive pole of second bee calling organ in parallel.
7. The parallel protection controller of lead-acid battery according to claim 6, wherein the main fusing mechanism and each branch fusing mechanism are arranged in a fusing box body, the fusing box body is provided with a first mounting cavity, a main fusing wiring hole penetrating through the outer wall of the fusing box body and communicated with the first mounting cavity, and a plurality of branch fusing wiring holes corresponding to the branch fusing mechanisms, and cables connected to the main fusing mechanism and each branch fusing mechanism are led out through the main fusing wiring hole and the branch fusing wiring holes in a one-to-one correspondence manner; the outer wall of the fuse box body is provided with a first operation port and a first visible cover plate hinged on the first operation port;
Each branch circuit breaking mechanism and each branch circuit voltage unbalance warning mechanism are arranged in a circuit breaking box body, the circuit breaking box body is provided with a second installation cavity and branch circuit breaking wiring holes which penetrate through the outer wall of the circuit breaking box body and are communicated with the second installation cavity, and cables connected to the inlet end and the outlet end of each branch circuit breaking mechanism are led out through the branch circuit breaking wiring holes in a one-to-one correspondence manner; a second operation port is formed in the outer wall of the circuit breaking box body, and a second visual cover plate is hinged to the second operation port; the outer wall of the circuit breaking box body is provided with an assembly opening of the first light emitting diode and the second light emitting diode and a sound outlet of the first buzzer and the second buzzer.
8. A marine energy storage battery pack mounted on a marine vessel for powering electrical equipment, comprising a plurality of parallel-connected branch battery cells and a lead-acid battery parallel protection controller according to any one of claims 1 to 7 electrically connected to the branch battery cells.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202322535046.0U CN220822688U (en) | 2023-09-19 | 2023-09-19 | Parallel protection controller for lead-acid battery and marine energy storage battery pack |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202322535046.0U CN220822688U (en) | 2023-09-19 | 2023-09-19 | Parallel protection controller for lead-acid battery and marine energy storage battery pack |
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