CN220707379U - Dust removing device of air preheater for garbage incineration - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a dust removing device of an air preheater for garbage incineration, which comprises: an air preheater comprising an air preheater housing and a heat exchanger; the heat exchanger is arranged in the air preheater shell, and the air preheater shell is provided with a first inlet, a first outlet, a second inlet and a second outlet; the heat exchanger is provided with an inner runner and an outer runner, one end of the inner runner is communicated with the first inlet, and the other end of the inner runner is communicated with the first outlet; one end of the outer flow channel is communicated with the second inlet, and the other end of the outer flow channel is communicated with the second outlet; the cyclone dust collector comprises a dust collector shell, the dust collector shell is provided with a third inlet and a third outlet, the third outlet is communicated with the first inlet, and smoke enters the dust collector shell from the third inlet to perform circular motion and then enters the inner runner from the first inlet. The dust removing device of the air preheater can reduce the probability of blocking the air preheater by smoke dust and improve the working efficiency of the air preheater.

Description

Dust removing device of air preheater for garbage incineration

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of heat exchange tube dust removal, in particular to a dust removal device of an air preheater for garbage incineration.

Background

In the operation process of the existing tubular air preheater, the flue gas in the boiler is collected to absorb heat, the heat is transferred to cold air, the heat effect of fuel is improved, the emission of the flue gas is reduced, the main fuel of the existing power plant boiler adopts coal, a large amount of water vapor and sulfide are released in the combustion process of the coal, the water vapor and the smoke particles are settled and condensed on the bottom and the inner wall of the tubular air preheater after the heat exchange of high-temperature flue gas in the heat exchange process, sulfuric acid is continuously adhered with ash like a layer of film, slag formation further causes the blockage of the tubular air preheater, the tubular air preheater is regularly disassembled and cleaned at present, but with the increase of the use frequency, the operation of disassembling and cleaning increases the work load, and therefore, a device for dedusting before the flue gas enters the tubular air preheater is needed to improve the work efficiency of the tubular air preheater.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the utility model aims to provide the dust removing device of the air preheater for garbage incineration, which can reduce the probability of blocking the air preheater by smoke dust and improve the working efficiency of the air preheater.

The utility model adopts the following technical scheme:

an air preheater dust collector for refuse incineration, comprising:

an air preheater comprising an air preheater housing and a heat exchanger; the heat exchanger is arranged in the air preheater shell, and the air preheater shell is provided with a first inlet, a first outlet, a second inlet and a second outlet; the heat exchanger is provided with an inner runner and an outer runner, one end of the inner runner is communicated with the first inlet, and the other end of the inner runner is communicated with the first outlet; one end of the outer flow channel is communicated with the second inlet, and the other end of the outer flow channel is communicated with the second outlet;

the cyclone dust collector comprises a dust collector shell, the dust collector shell is provided with a third inlet and a third outlet, the third outlet is communicated with the first inlet, and smoke enters the dust collector shell from the third inlet to perform circular motion and then enters the inner runner from the first inlet.

Further, a first inclined plane is arranged on the inner wall of the air preheater shell, which is close to the first inlet, and is inclined from the first inlet to one end of the inner flow channel, the first inclined plane surrounds to form a first cavity, and the inner diameter of the first cavity is gradually reduced from one end, which is close to the heat exchanger, to the first inlet; the first cavity is communicated with the first inlet and the inner runner.

Further, the inner wall of the air preheater shell close to the first outlet is provided with a second inclined plane, and the second inclined plane is inclined from the first outlet to the heat exchanger.

Further, the heat exchanger is a plurality of pipelines which are distributed at intervals, inner channels are formed on the inner walls of the pipelines, and outer channels are formed between the outer walls of the pipelines and the inner walls of the air preheater shell.

Further, a second cavity and a third cavity are also arranged in the air preheater shell, the second cavity is arranged between the heat exchanger and the first outlet, and the second cavity is communicated with the inner runner and the first outlet; the side wall of the air preheater shell opposite to the second inlet protrudes towards the direction away from the heat exchanger and forms a third cavity with the heat exchanger at intervals, and the third cavity is communicated with the second inlet and the second outlet through the outer flow channel.

Further, the second inlet and the second outlet are arranged on the same side of the air preheater shell; and a partition plate is arranged between the outer walls of the pipelines, the partition plate separates the outer flow channels to form an inlet flow channel and an outlet flow channel, the inlet flow channel is communicated with the second inlet and the third cavity, and the outlet flow channel is communicated with the third cavity and the second outlet.

Further, the inner wall of the air preheater shell forming the third cavity is provided with a third inclined plane and a fourth inclined plane, the third inclined plane and the fourth inclined plane are oppositely arranged in the extending direction of the pipeline, the third inclined plane is used for guiding air to flow towards the fourth inclined plane, and the fourth inclined plane is used for guiding air to flow towards the second outlet.

Further, the dust remover shell comprises a first cylinder body and a second cylinder body, the first cylinder body is arranged at the upper end of the second cylinder body, and the inner diameter of the first cylinder body gradually decreases to be tangent with the second cylinder body around the central shaft of the second cylinder body; the first inlet extends into the second cylinder from the first cylinder, and the third inlet is arranged on the first cylinder and communicated with the first inlet.

Further, one end of the second cylinder body far away from the first cylinder body is a cone part, and the inner diameter of the cone part gradually decreases from one end close to the first cylinder body to one end far away from the first cylinder body.

Further, the taper of the cone portion is 9 ° -12 °.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the beneficial effects that:

this application communicates air heater and cyclone for flue gas just gets into air heater's interior runner after carrying out centrifugal dust removal in cyclone at first, because the smoke and dust that these flue gases contained mostly is filtered in cyclone, has avoided the flue gas to adsorb the heat exchanger inner wall with large granule smoke and dust when interior runner circulation, can keep heat exchanger interior runner unblocked, can carry out heat exchange with the heat exchanger smoothly after making cold air get into the outer runner from the second import, thereby improves air heater's work efficiency.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a dust collector of an air preheater according to the present utility model;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the dust removing apparatus of the air preheater of the present utility model;

fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the heat exchanger of the present utility model.

In the figure:

10. an air preheater shell; 11. a first inlet; 12. a first outlet;

21. a second inlet; 22. a second outlet;

31. a third inlet; 32. a third outlet;

4. a heat exchanger; 41. a pipe; 42. a partition plate; 401. an inlet flow passage; 402. an outlet flow passage;

51. a first inclined surface; 52. a second inclined surface; 53. a third inclined surface; 54. a fourth inclined surface;

61. a first cavity; 62. a second cavity; 63. a third cavity;

71. a first cylinder; 72. a second cylinder; 721. a cone portion.

Detailed Description

For a better understanding and implementation, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present utility model.

In the description of the present utility model, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, only for convenience in describing the present utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements to be referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present utility model.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this utility model belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the utility model is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the utility model.

As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the present utility model discloses an air preheater dust removing device for garbage incineration, which comprises an air preheater and a cyclone dust remover. The air preheater comprises an air preheater housing 10 and a heat exchanger 4, the heat exchanger 4 being arranged in the air preheater housing 10. The air preheater shell 10 is provided with a first inlet 11, a first outlet 12, a second inlet 21 and a second outlet 22, the heat exchanger 4 is provided with an inner runner and an outer runner, one end of the inner runner is communicated with the first inlet 11, the other end is communicated with the first outlet 12, one end of the outer runner is communicated with the second inlet 21, and the other end is communicated with the second outlet 22. The cyclone dust collector comprises a dust collector shell, the dust collector shell is provided with a third inlet 31 and a third outlet 32, the third outlet 32 is communicated with the first inlet 11, and flue gas enters the dust collector shell from the third inlet 31 to perform circular motion and then enters the inner runner from the first inlet 11.

On the basis of the structure, when the air preheater dust removing device is used, the device can be directly installed in an incinerator, when the incinerator incinerates garbage, smoke can directly enter the cyclone dust collector through the third inlet 31, at the moment, the smoke is converted into circular motion from linear motion, the gas containing smoke generates centrifugal force in the rotating process, particles with density larger than that of the gas are thrown to the inner wall of the dust collector shell, the particles lose inertia force after contacting with the inner wall of the dust collector shell, and fall along the inner wall of the dust collector shell under the action of gravity. The gas rotates downwards and then swirls upwards from the third inlet 31, enters the inner runner from the first inlet 11, transfers heat to the heat exchanger 4 by the gas flowing through the inner runner, and finally the flue gas is discharged from the air preheater housing 10 from the first outlet 12. At the same time, cold air is led into the outer flow passage through the second inlet 21, after the cold air contacts with the heat exchanger 4, the heat exchanger 4 with higher temperature transfers heat to the cold air flowing through the outer flow passage, and the cold air absorbs a certain amount of heat and is finally discharged into the incinerator through the second outlet 22, so that oxygen is provided for the combustion of garbage in the incinerator.

This application communicates air heater and cyclone for flue gas just gets into air heater's interior runner after carrying out centrifugal dust removal in cyclone at first, because the smoke and dust that these flue gases contained mostly is filtered in cyclone, avoid the flue gas to adsorb the heat exchanger 4 inner wall with large granule smoke and dust when interior runner circulation, can keep heat exchanger 4 interior runner unblocked, make cold air get into can carry out heat exchange with heat exchanger 4 smoothly after the outer runner from second import 21, make cold air just discharge to the incinerator after fully absorbing heat of heat exchanger 4, provide oxygen for burning rubbish under the circumstances that does not influence the incinerator combustion temperature, not only practiced thrift the energy, still improved incineration efficiency.

Further, although the large-sized dust and dust can be separated from the gas by the centrifugal action of the cyclone, the gas entering the air preheater still has impurities such as soot, which are partially adsorbed on the inner wall of the heat exchanger 4 along with the gas flowing through the inner flow passage, and if the inner wall of the air preheater housing 10 near the first inlet 11 is disposed in a plane perpendicular to the flow direction of the gas, the impurities such as soot are likely to accumulate on the plane, thereby blocking the first inlet 11 and preventing the flue gas from entering the heat exchanger 4.

In order to prevent the first inlet 11 from being blocked by the accumulation of impurities such as soot, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, a first inclined surface 51 may be provided on the inner wall of the air preheater housing 10 near the first inlet 11, the first inclined surface 51 being inclined from the first inlet 11 toward the inlet end of the inner flow path, and a plurality of such first inclined surfaces 51 enclosing to form a first cavity 61, so that the inner diameter of the first cavity 61 is gradually reduced from the end near the heat exchanger 4 toward the first inlet 11, and the first cavity 61 communicates the first inlet 11 with the inner flow path.

On the basis of the above structure, on the one hand, when the air preheater dust removing device works, after the flue gas which is subjected to dust removal by the cyclone dust remover enters the air preheater shell 10 through the first inlet 11, the lighter-mass gas drives impurities such as soot and the like to flow towards the heat exchanger 4 in the first cavity 61, when the flue gas contacts the inlet end of the heat exchanger 4, the soot and the like which are not subjected to dust removal and centrifugation by the cyclone dust remover can lose the inertia force which continuously floats upwards under the obstruction of the pipe wall of the heat exchanger 4, and the flue gas falls under the action of self gravity, one part of the flue gas directly falls into the cyclone dust remover from the first inlet 11, and the other part of the flue gas slides downwards along the inclined plane inclined direction under the guiding action of the first inclined plane 51, and finally falls into the cyclone dust remover.

On the other hand, when the air preheater dust removing device stops working, the soot adsorbed on the inner wall of the heat exchanger 4 falls back to the first cavity 61 along the inner wall of the heat exchanger 4 under the influence of the self gravity, and one part of the soot also falls directly from the first inlet 11 to the cyclone dust remover, and the other part of the soot falls on the inclined first inclined surface 51, flows towards the first inlet 11 under the guidance of the first inclined surface 51, and finally falls to the cyclone dust remover.

In this embodiment, the first inclined plane 51 is disposed on the inner wall of the air preheater shell 10 near the first inlet 11, so that the air preheater shell 10 has a simple structure, and the purpose of further dust removal can be achieved by utilizing the gravity of impurities such as soot and the like and the guiding of the first inclined plane 51, so that the impurities such as soot and the like are not easy to accumulate in the heat exchanger 4, and the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger 4 is improved.

Further, on the basis of the above structure, in order to minimize the influence of impurities such as smoke dust and the like in the gas discharged from the inner flow path, which is discharged from the first outlet 12, on the combustion of the garbage, a second inclined surface 52 may be provided on the inner wall of the air preheater housing 10 close to the first outlet 12, and the second inclined surface 52 is inclined towards the outlet end of the heat exchanger 4, so when the smoke gas flows from the inner flow path of the heat exchanger 4 towards the first outlet 12, after the gas with impurities such as smoke dust contacts the second inclined surface 52, the inertia force of the smoke dust with relatively large weight flowing towards the first outlet 12 is lost, and the smoke dust directly returns to the inner wall of the heat exchanger 4 along the second inclined surface 52 under the action of gravity, and then falls to the cyclone dust collector from the first inlet 11 to be discharged, thereby reducing the smoke dust content of the gas discharged from the first outlet 12 and reducing the influence of the smoke dust on garbage incineration.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, the heat exchanger 4 of the present embodiment includes a plurality of pipes 41 arranged at intervals, inner walls of the plurality of pipes 41 form inner flow passages, and outer flow passages are formed between outer walls of the plurality of pipes 41 and inner walls of the air preheater housing 10.

Thus, when the air preheater dust removing device works, the flue gas is split by the pipelines 41 when entering the inlet end of the heat exchanger 4 from the first inlet 11, each flue gas is discharged from the outlet end of the heat exchanger 4 after heat exchange with the inner wall of the corresponding pipeline 41, and then is discharged from the air preheater from the first outlet 12 after being converged.

The heat exchanger 4 of this embodiment is the structure that a plurality of pipelines 41 splice formed, and the inner wall surface area of a plurality of pipelines 41 is great, not only can make the higher flue gas of temperature fully carry out heat exchange with pipeline 41 inner wall after the reposition of redundant personnel, and the temperature of the flue gas after the reposition of redundant personnel obtains dispersing moreover, can prevent the flue gas of high temperature damage air heater to a certain extent, therefore can also improve the safety in utilization.

Further, as shown in fig. 2, a second cavity 62 and a third cavity 63 are further provided in the air preheater housing 10, the second cavity 62 is provided between the heat exchanger 4 and the first outlet 12, and the second cavity 62 communicates with the inner flow channel and the first outlet 12. The side wall of the air preheater housing 10 opposite to the second inlet 21 is protruded in a direction away from the heat exchanger 4, and is spaced apart from the heat exchanger 4 to form a third cavity 63, and the third cavity 63 communicates with the second inlet 21 and the second outlet 22 through an external flow channel.

On the basis of the above structure, the flue gas enters the first cavity 61 from the first inlet 11, then enters the inner flow channel and exchanges heat with the heat exchanger 4, then is firstly gathered in the second cavity 62, is remixed and then is discharged out of the air preheater shell 10 from the first outlet 12, and the cold air enters the outer flow channel from the second inlet 21, after contacting with the heat exchanger 4 at the upper end, the cold air absorbs the heat at the upper end of the heat exchanger 4, then flows to the third cavity 63, the air in the third cavity 63 enters the outer flow channel at the lower end of the heat exchanger 4 again, absorbs the heat at the lower end of the heat exchanger 4, and finally is discharged out of the air preheater shell 10 from the second outlet 22.

In this embodiment, the flue gas is not directly discharged from the first outlet 12 after heat exchange by the heat exchanger 4, but is discharged after being mixed in the second cavity 62, so that the temperature of the discharged flue gas is relatively uniform, and the next treatment is facilitated. And the third cavity 63 is arranged to enable the cold air to exchange heat with the heat exchanger 4 twice, so that the cold air can fully absorb the heat of the heat exchanger 4, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency.

Specifically, on the basis of the above structure, the second inlet 21 and the second outlet 22 are disposed on the same side of the air preheater shell 10, a partition plate 42 is disposed between the outer walls of the plurality of pipes 41, the partition plate 42 separates the outer flow paths to form an inlet flow path 401 and an outlet flow path 402, the inlet flow path 401 is communicated with the second inlet 21 and the third cavity 63, and the outlet flow path 402 is communicated with the third cavity 63 and the second outlet 22.

In this way, when the cool air enters the outer flow passage from the second inlet 21, the cool air flows through the inlet flow passage 401, is collected in the third cavity 63, enters the outlet flow passage 402 from the third cavity 63, and is discharged from the second outlet 22 out of the air preheater housing 10.

In this embodiment, the second inlet 21 and the second outlet 22 are disposed on the same side of the air preheater housing 10, so that the path through which the cold air flows in the heat exchanger 4 is prolonged, and the cold air can fully contact with the heat exchanger 4 and exchange heat. In addition, the use of the partition plate 42 to partition the outer flow path into the inlet flow path 401 and the outlet flow path 402 can prevent the air having absorbed heat and the air not having absorbed heat from being mixed, thereby ensuring the efficiency of absorbing heat by the cool air.

More specifically, the inner wall of the third cavity 63 is provided with the third inclined surface 53 and the fourth inclined surface 54, the third inclined surface 53 and the fourth inclined surface 54 are disposed opposite to each other in the extending direction of the duct 41, the third inclined surface 53 is used for guiding the air to flow toward the fourth inclined surface 54, and the fourth inclined surface 54 is used for guiding the air to flow toward the second outlet 22.

Thus, when air flows from the inlet flow channel 401 to the third cavity 63, the air flows toward the fourth inclined surface 54 by the refraction action of the third inclined surface 53, is refracted by the fourth inclined surface 54 after contacting the fourth inclined surface 54, flows to the outlet flow channel 402, and finally is discharged from the second outlet 22.

It will be appreciated that if there is no guiding effect of the inclined surface, the air will not smoothly flow into the inlet channel 402 directly after flowing into the third cavity 63 through the inlet channel 401, but will flow further after a certain amount of air is gathered in the third cavity 63, so the arrangement of the third inclined surface 53 and the fourth inclined surface 54 can improve the air flowing efficiency, thereby improving the working efficiency of the air preheater.

As shown in fig. 1-2, further, the dust collector housing specifically includes a first cylinder 71 and a second cylinder 72, the first cylinder 71 is disposed at an upper end of the second cylinder 72, an inner diameter of the first cylinder 71 is gradually reduced around a central axis of the second cylinder 72 to be tangential to the second cylinder 72, the first inlet 11 extends from the first cylinder 71 into the second cylinder 72, and the third inlet 31 is disposed in the first cylinder 71 and is communicated with the first inlet 11. The end of the second cylinder 72 away from the first cylinder 71 is a tapered portion 721, and the inner diameter of the tapered portion 721 gradually decreases from the end closer to the first cylinder 71 toward the end farther from the first cylinder 71.

On the basis of the above structure, the smoke gas is changed from linear motion to curved motion after entering the first cylinder 71 from the third inlet 31, and is rotated downward around the outer wall of the first inlet 11, and after reaching the cone portion 721, the inner diameter of the cone portion 721 gradually decreases, so that an upward swirling inner rotation is formed in the rotation center until being discharged from the first inlet 11 to the air preheater. The cyclone dust collector of the embodiment has simple structure and high dust collection efficiency.

It should be noted that, the cyclone dust collector of the present embodiment may be configured to separate dust from gas by centrifugation in the prior art.

More specifically, the taper of the taper portion 721 described above needs to satisfy 9 ° -12 °, and if the taper is less than 9 °, centrifugal force sufficient to disengage large particle dust from the gas cannot be generated by the flue gas during rotation, and if the taper is more than 12 °, the amount of swirling of the gas into the first inlet 11 will be small, affecting the dust removal efficiency.

The technical means disclosed by the scheme of the utility model is not limited to the technical means disclosed by the embodiment, and also comprises the technical scheme formed by any combination of the technical features.

It should be noted that modifications and adaptations to the utility model may occur to one skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the present utility model and are intended to be within the scope of the present utility model.

Claims (10)

1. An air preheater dust collector for msw incineration, characterized by comprising:

an air preheater comprising an air preheater housing and a heat exchanger; the heat exchanger is arranged in the air preheater shell, and the air preheater shell is provided with a first inlet, a first outlet, a second inlet and a second outlet; the heat exchanger is provided with an inner runner and an outer runner, one end of the inner runner is communicated with the first inlet, and the other end of the inner runner is communicated with the first outlet; one end of the outer flow passage is communicated with the second inlet, and the other end of the outer flow passage is communicated with the second outlet;

the cyclone dust collector comprises a dust collector shell, the dust collector shell is provided with a third inlet and a third outlet, the third outlet is communicated with the first inlet, and smoke enters the dust collector shell from the third inlet to perform circular motion, and then enters the inner flow passage from the first inlet.

2. The air preheater dust removal device according to claim 1, wherein a first inclined surface is arranged on the inner wall of the air preheater shell close to the first inlet, the first inclined surface is inclined from the first inlet towards one end of the inner flow channel, a first cavity is formed by encircling the first inclined surface, and the inner diameter of the first cavity is gradually reduced from one end close to the heat exchanger towards the first inlet; the first cavity is communicated with the first inlet and the inner runner.

3. The air preheater dust collector of claim 1, wherein the inner wall of the air preheater housing adjacent to the first outlet is provided with a second inclined surface which is inclined from the first outlet toward the heat exchanger.

4. The air preheater dust removal device according to claim 1, wherein the heat exchanger is a plurality of pipelines which are arranged at intervals, the inner walls of the pipelines form the inner flow channels, and the outer flow channels are formed between the outer walls of the pipelines and the inner walls of the air preheater shell.

5. The air preheater dust collector of claim 4, wherein a second cavity and a third cavity are further arranged in the air preheater shell, the second cavity is arranged between the heat exchanger and the first outlet, and the second cavity is communicated with the inner runner and the first outlet; the side wall of the air preheater shell opposite to the second inlet protrudes towards the direction away from the heat exchanger, a third cavity is formed between the side wall of the air preheater shell and the heat exchanger, and the third cavity is communicated with the second inlet and the second outlet through the outer flow channel.

6. The air preheater dust collector of claim 5, wherein said second inlet and said second outlet are provided on the same side of said air preheater housing; and a plurality of partition plates are arranged between the outer walls of the pipelines, the partition plates divide the outer flow channels to form an inlet flow channel and an outlet flow channel, the inlet flow channel is communicated with the second inlet and the third cavity, and the outlet flow channel is communicated with the third cavity and the second outlet.

7. The air pre-cleaner as set forth in claim 6, wherein an inner wall of the air pre-cleaner housing forming the third cavity is provided with a third inclined surface and a fourth inclined surface, the third inclined surface being disposed opposite to the fourth inclined surface in an extending direction of the duct, the third inclined surface being for guiding air to flow toward the fourth inclined surface, the fourth inclined surface being for guiding the air to flow toward the second outlet.

8. The air preheater dust removing device according to claim 1, wherein the dust remover shell comprises a first cylinder and a second cylinder, the first cylinder is arranged at the upper end of the second cylinder, and the inner diameter of the first cylinder is gradually reduced to be tangential with the second cylinder around the central axis of the second cylinder; the first inlet extends into the second cylinder from the first cylinder, and the third inlet is arranged on the first cylinder and is communicated with the first inlet.

9. The dust removing apparatus of an air preheater according to claim 8, wherein an end of the second cylinder away from the first cylinder is a cone portion, and an inner diameter of the cone portion gradually decreases from an end near the first cylinder toward an end far from the first cylinder.

10. An air preheater dust collector as set forth in claim 9, wherein the taper of said cone portion is 9 ° -12 °.