CN220703541U - Coal-based kaolin thermal activation system - Google Patents
Coal-based kaolin thermal activation system Download PDFInfo
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- CN220703541U CN220703541U CN202322398567.6U CN202322398567U CN220703541U CN 220703541 U CN220703541 U CN 220703541U CN 202322398567 U CN202322398567 U CN 202322398567U CN 220703541 U CN220703541 U CN 220703541U
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- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000007725 thermal activation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000010883 coal ash Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003818 cinder Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009692 water atomization Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 13
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000001994 activation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 235000002918 Fraxinus excelsior Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002734 clay mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004200 deflagration Methods 0.000 description 1
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052622 kaolinite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004058 oil shale Substances 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a coal-based kaolin thermal activation system, which relates to the technical field of coal and building materials. The utility model can realize low-cost, high-valued and large-scale utilization of the coal-series kaolin, and compared with the sintering heat consumption of 430kcal/kg (additionally, independently spraying coal) of the kaolin suspension calcination process with the lowest energy consumption, the utility model fully utilizes the heat brought by the gangue without independently purchasing coal, thereby realizing the ultralow operation cost. Meanwhile, the utility model can directly carry out equipment grafting on the cement kiln system without extra single exclusive site, thereby realizing ultra-low construction cost.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of coal and building materials, in particular to a coal-based kaolin thermal activation system.
Background
1. Coal-based kaolin production and utilization
Coal-series kaolin, also known as gangue, is a companion mineral of coal. China is a large country for coal exploitation and consumption, and along with the annual increase of the coal yield, the yield of the coal gangue is increased (about 10% -15% of the coal yield). Currently, the utilization of gangue is also relatively low, resulting in an increase of about 1.5 to 2 hundred million tons per year. The large amount of accumulation of the gangue occupies a large amount of land resources, not only causes the destruction of water body, but also discharges SO 2 、CO 2 And toxic and harmful gases, and pollute the atmosphere. Meanwhile, because a large amount of gangue is piled up and cannot be utilized and disposed of, the gangue mountain can be spontaneously burned to generate fire disaster or collapse in rainy season to stagnate river to cause disaster, and huge threat is brought to the environment. According to incomplete statistics, the accumulated stacking amount of the coal gangue in China exceeds 60 hundred million tons at present, a large amount of exploration and practice are carried out on the comprehensive utilization of the coal gangue at home and abroad, and a comprehensive treatment and utilization system for generating power, paving, producing building materials, producing chemical raw materials, agricultural application and filling underground is formed, however, the comprehensive utilization rate of the coal gangue is less than 30%, and some coal mine enterprises are threatened to the production of the enterprises due to the difficult stacking of the coal gangue.
2. Utilization condition of coal-series kaolin in building material field
Gangue oftenThe carbonaceous shale, the carbonaceous siltstone, the oil shale, the fine sandstone, the thin limestone, the sandstone and the like are shown, the carbon content is usually less than 30 percent, the heat value is low, and the main component after combustion is Al 2 O 3 、SiO 2 Fe of unequal amounts 2 O 3 CaO, mgO and trace elements have better gelling activity and are characterized as volcanic active mixed materials. In addition, the gangue also has three characteristics of high aluminum content, high sulfur content and high iron content.
The method for treating the coal gangue in the field of building materials comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of sintering coal gangue bricks, sintering coal gangue in a rotary kiln and producing mineral admixture by spontaneous combustion of the coal gangue (namely, selecting a flat land near a site where the coal gangue is piled up, piling up the coal gangue on a combustion layer by paving an ignition material layer and a thick coal layer on a ventilation pipeline, continuously blowing air to the pipeline, calcining the coal gangue for 6-7 days, and naturally cooling to obtain a sintered product capable of being used as a cement admixture). For mineral admixture produced by spontaneous combustion coal gangue, the following problems mainly exist in the practical application process: (1) The laying area of the ventilation pipeline is large, and the floor area is required to be 400-500 square meters; (2) the combustion needs to consume coal, so that the cost is high; (3) The calcination time of the coal gangue is long, the coal gangue is easily influenced by weather, and the use is inconvenient; (4) No waste gas is treated in the calcination process, and the heat is not recycled, so that the method does not meet the environmental protection requirement. In addition, in cement production, coal gangue can be used for raw material ingredients instead of shale, but the dosage proportion is lower, and the coal gangue accounts for about 6% of raw material, and the risk that the coal gangue combustibles burn in the preheater to form crust and cause the blockage of the preheater exists.
In addition, in the field of building materials, a great deal of research and practice are available on the high-value large-scale utilization of coal gangue, for example, the coal gangue is calcined together with limestone to be used as a cementing material, but the disposal amount and the use effect are poor.
The calcination activation technology for decomposing the contained kaolinite (the content is generally 40-60%) into metakaolinite by transferring heat generated by combustion of fuel to the gangue is one of the technical directions of high-valued and large-scale utilization of the gangue. Because the preparation cost of the metakaolin is lower than that of the cement clinker, CO is produced in the metakaolin preparation process 2 Discharge ofThe amount is also lower than CO in the clinker preparation process 2 The use of metakaolin instead of clinker in the construction concrete and cement industry is therefore particularly attractive in the context of the positive advance of carbon emission reduction in the construction concrete and cement industry, and the utilization of gangue heat is also the focus of high-value utilization.
The existing technology for calcining and activating the gangue can be divided into two main types according to the dispersion state of the gangue materials in hot air flow: conventional bulk activated calcination and suspended activated calcination. The suspended state gangue calcining process includes preheating, calcining in decomposing furnace with hot air, cooling the material to be calcined with cold air in suspended state, and recovering heat and purifying waste gas. However, in the actual production process, the system has a complex flow. To meet the requirements of preheating, calcining and cooling the gangue in a suspended state, the gangue must be ground into fine powder, so that the equipment investment and the running power consumption are increased; and the system has large air quantity and high heat consumption. Meanwhile, because suspension calcination belongs to 'no root fire', the requirement on the heating value and stability of the gangue is very high, and therefore, suspension calcination generally only can use low-calorific-value gangue less than 500 kcal/kg. If the gangue with high heat value is burned, deflagration can occur in the 1-3 stages of the preheater due to volatile organic compounds, organic carbon and the like in the gangue, and the preheater is skinned and blocked, even the preheater is burned through. Therefore, the suspension calcination system has the problems of complex equipment, poor adaptability to coal gangue and great difficulty in controlling process parameters. Meanwhile, since only 0 to 500kcal/kg of low calorific value coal can be calcined, and a large amount of gas or liquid fuel is required to be replenished in the process, the actual production cost is difficult to control.
In view of the above, it is necessary to develop a system device for high-value and large-scale utilization of coal-based kaolin (gangue) which has a simple structure and reliable operation and is widely accepted in the market, so as to rapidly exert its intended functions.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the utility model provides a coal-based kaolin thermal activation system which can realize low-cost, high-value and large-scale utilization of coal-based kaolin.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the utility model is as follows:
a coal-series kaolin thermal activation system comprises a feeding bin, a rotary calciner, a distributing hopper, a cyclone separator, an air supply pipeline, a calciner and an air inlet pipeline; wherein:
the feeding bin is used for feeding the gangue materials into the rotary calciner;
the rotary calciner is used for preheating and calcining the gangue materials to obtain a mixture of coal ash and hot flue gas, and then sending the mixture to the distributing hopper;
an air inlet pipeline for sending hot air from the kiln tail of the cement kiln into the calciner as a heat source of the rotary calciner;
the distributing hopper is used for conveying coarse particle coal ash in the mixture into the calciner and conveying fine particle coal ash and hot flue gas in the mixture into the cyclone separator;
the cyclone separator is used for carrying out gas-solid separation on the fine particle coal ash and the hot flue gas, and the separated hot flue gas is sent into a decomposing furnace of the cement kiln through an air supply pipeline;
and the calciner is used for carrying out secondary calcination on the coarse-particle coal ash.
In order to facilitate the further treatment of the fine particle coal ash, the utility model also comprises a coal slag ash treatment and transportation device connected with the calciner.
Specifically, the cinder ash treatment and transportation device comprises a vibration feeder, a roller crusher, a water-cooling cinder cooler and a zipper machine, wherein:
the vibration feeder is used for discharging the coal ash calcined and cooled by the calciner into the roller crusher;
the roller crusher is used for crushing the coal ash to obtain fine-particle coal ash, and then conveying the fine-particle coal ash to the water-cooling slag cooler;
the water-cooling slag cooler is used for cooling the fine particle coal ash to obtain coal slag, and then sending the coal slag to the zipper machine;
a zipper machine for transporting cinder.
Still further, the cyclone separator is also connected with a water-cooling slag cooler, and the cyclone separator sends the separated fine particle coal ash into the water-cooling slag cooler for cooling.
Specifically, the air supply pipeline comprises a main air outlet pipe, one end of which is connected with an air outlet of the cyclone separator, the other end of which is connected with a decomposing furnace of the cement kiln, and a secondary air outlet pipe, one end of which is communicated with the main air outlet pipe, and the other end of which is also connected with the decomposing furnace of the cement kiln.
In order to improve the combustion efficiency of the coal gangue in the initial stage, the utility model further comprises a coal gangue pretreatment device for homogenizing the coal gangue materials.
Specifically, the gangue pretreatment device comprises a stock bin, a plate feeder, a hammer crusher, a lifter, a spiral sieve and a belt conveyor; wherein:
the feed bin is used for loading gangue and sending the gangue to the plate feeder;
the plate feeder is used for metering the gangue materials and sending the gangue materials into the hammer crusher for crushing;
the hoister is used for conveying crushed gangue materials to the spiral screen for separation, the gangue materials with unqualified fineness are returned to the hammer crusher for continuous crushing, the gangue materials with qualified fineness are conveyed to the homogenizing storage yard for homogenization treatment by the belt conveyor, and the homogenized gangue materials are obtained and then are conveyed to the feeding bin.
Preferably, the calciner is a vertical calciner.
Still further, the calcination wind of calciner is provided by a frequency conversion centrifugal fan to be provided with the atomizing device of water on the play tuber pipe of this frequency conversion centrifugal fan.
Furthermore, a plurality of material lifting devices are uniformly distributed in the rotary calciner.
The main design principle of the utility model is as follows:
influence of calcination temperature: studies have shown that there are two temperature zones for calcined gangue production activity, namely: a medium-temperature activation zone (500-800 ℃) and a high-temperature activation zone (more than 1100 ℃).
In the medium-temperature activation zone (in the rotary calciner of the utility model), the gangue is heated to 600-950 ℃, and the clay mineral crystals in the gangue are decomposed and destroyed to become an amorphous structure, so that the gangue has activity. Meanwhile, the kaolin component is dehydrated and decomposed at 500-800 ℃, the layered structure is broken down, and the aluminum oxide octahedron is destroyed, so that amorphous metakaolin is formed, and the metakaolin has volcanic ash activity.
Al 2 O 3 ·2SiO 2 ·2H 2 O→Al 2 O 3 ·2SiO 2 +2H 2 O (500～800℃)
(Kaolin) (metakaolin)
However, between 900 and 1000 ℃, metakaolin can recrystallize again to form inactive substances.
2(Al 2 O 3 ·2SiO 2 )→2Al 2 O 3 ·3SiO 2 +SiO 2 (900～1000℃)
(metakaolin) (spinel, amorphous)
In the calcining process of the gangue, mullite is generally generated at about 1000 ℃ and the generation amount is obviously increased when the temperature is higher than 1100 ℃. The calcination temperature is 1100-1300 ℃ (in the calciner of the utility model), a large amount of glass bodies are formed, and the activity of the cinder is obviously improved.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following beneficial effects:
(1) According to the utility model, two calcining areas (rotary calciner and vertical calciner) are designed and skillfully connected into the cement kiln system, the tertiary air at the tail of the cement kiln is utilized to preheat and calcine the coal gangue, and then the high-temperature flue gas generated by calcination is used as the tertiary air of the cement kiln system and is provided for the decomposing furnace of the cement kiln, so that the normal supply of hot air for the cement kiln system is not influenced, the coal gangue can be fully activated, and the low-cost, high-value and large-scale utilization of the coal gangue is realized. In addition, the crushed coal gangue has particles smaller than 5mm of more than 90%, low system power consumption, granularity and calcination temperature rangeReasonable selection (avoiding the activity reduction area of 900-1100 ℃), the coal cinder obtained by activating the coal gangue by the system has good activity, the coal cinder can be used by enterprises, and can be processed and sold to commercial and mixed enterprises, for example, the high-activity activated coal cinder is used as a mixed material, so that the clinker ratio in cement can be reduced, and limestone calcined clay cement (namely LC) 3 Low-carbon cement), the problem of large accumulation of the current gangue is solved to a large extent, the production pressure and environmental protection pressure of coal enterprises caused by the accumulation of the gangue are effectively relieved, and extra income is brought to the coal enterprises.
(2) The oxygen consumed by the coal gangue combustion is basically provided by tertiary air of the cement kiln, so that the coal used at the tail of the kiln can be replaced to the maximum extent, and a large amount of high-quality coal resources are saved. Meanwhile, the secondary inlet (namely the secondary air outlet pipe) of tertiary air is arranged on the air supply pipeline, so that the resistance of the cyclone separator is increased due to the increase of the primary air outlet pipe, the back mixing degree of materials is enhanced, the residence time of the materials in the decomposing furnace is prolonged, the decomposing of calcium carbonate is facilitated, the high-temperature mixed gas after the coal gangue is combusted is introduced in a grading manner, the temperature concentration possibly caused at the upstream of the decomposing furnace is avoided, the high-temperature area of the decomposing furnace is enlarged, the thermal effect of the decomposing furnace is improved, the reducing atmosphere of the decomposing furnace is enhanced, and the generating amount of fuel type NOx in the decomposing furnace is reduced.
(3) The utility model has strong adaptability to the variety and the calorific value of the gangue, and the calorific value range of the gangue is: 500-2100 kcal/kg, and can be mixed-burned with low-heat value coal, lignite and the like, and is basically not limited by ash melting point. If the sulfur content in the gangue is higher, a certain amount of cement raw meal powder can be added at the gangue feeding bin, so that a better sulfur fixing effect is achieved.
(4) The utility model has unique design, simple equipment structure, reliable operation, controllable cost and high automation degree, can be integrated into a cement kiln DCS system, can be used by switching with a tertiary air duct of a raw cement kiln, does not need to use extra site space singly and exclusively, and can achieve multiple purposes. Therefore, the utility model has high application value and popularization value.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present utility model.
Fig. 2 is an application state diagram of an embodiment of the present utility model.
Fig. 3 is a top view of a portion of the component of fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the material lifting device in the embodiment of the present utility model.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an atomization design at the air outlet pipe of a variable frequency centrifugal fan according to an embodiment of the present utility model.
Wherein, the spare part names that the reference numerals correspond are:
the device comprises a 1-bin, a 2-plate feeder, a 3-hammer crusher, a 4-lifter, a 5-spiral screen, a 6-belt conveyor, a 7-feeding bin, an 8-metering balance, a 9-double flap valve, a 10-blanking pipe, an 11-rotary calciner, a 12-distributing hopper, a 13-cyclone separator, a 14-secondary air outlet pipe, a 15-gate, a 16-vibration feeder, a 17-calciner, a 18-variable frequency centrifugal fan, a 19-roller crusher, a 20-water cooling slag cooler, a 21-zipper machine, a 22-air inlet pipeline and a 23-material lifting device.
Detailed Description
The utility model will be further illustrated by the following description and examples, which include but are not limited to the following examples.
Examples
The embodiment provides a system capable of realizing low-cost, high-valued and large-scale utilization of coal-series kaolin, which can help solve the problem of coal gangue accumulation to a large extent. As shown in fig. 1, the system provided in this embodiment structurally includes a gangue pretreatment device, a feeding bin 7, a rotary calciner 11, a distributing hopper 12, a cyclone separator 13, an air supply pipeline, a calciner 17, an air intake pipeline 22, and a cinder ash treatment and transportation device. Fig. 2 and 3 show examples of application of the present embodiment to a cement kiln system.
The structure and functions of the above parts are described below.
1. Gangue pretreatment device
The gangue pretreatment device is used for pretreating the gangue materials so as to homogenize the gangue materials, so that the gangue materials can be calcined and decomposed better later, and the gangue pretreatment device is the first step of gangue treatment. As shown in fig. 1, the coal gangue pretreatment device in the embodiment comprises a stock bin 1, a plate feeder 2, a hammer crusher 3, a lifter 4, a spiral screen 5 and a belt conveyor 6; wherein, the feed bin 1 is used for loading gangue and delivering the gangue to the plate feeder 2; the plate feeder 2 is used for metering gangue materials and sending the gangue materials into the hammer crusher 3 for crushing; the hoister 4 is used for conveying crushed gangue to the spiral screen 5 for separation, the gangue with unqualified fineness is returned to the hammer crusher 3 for continuous crushing, the gangue with qualified fineness is conveyed to a homogenizing storage yard by the belt conveyor 6, is subjected to reciprocating layered material distribution by the stacker, and is vertically cut by the reclaimer, so that homogenization treatment is realized, homogenized gangue is obtained, and then the homogenized gangue is conveyed to the feeding bin 7.
2. Feeding bin
The feeding bin 7 is used for feeding homogenized coal gangue into the rotary calciner 11. In the embodiment, a metering scale 8 is arranged in the feeding bin 7 and is used for metering homogenized gangue materials, and a double flap valve 9 is arranged below the metering scale 8 and is used for locking air and ensuring metering accuracy. The measured gangue is conveyed into the rotary calciner 11 through the blanking pipe 10.
3. Rotary calciner
The rotary calciner 11 is used for preheating and calcining the gangue materials. The rotary calciner 11 in this embodiment has a heat source from tertiary air (hot air, temperature is 800-950 ℃) provided from the kiln tail (kiln hood) of the cement kiln, and is fed into the rotary calciner 11 through the air inlet pipe 22, and at this stage, gangue is heated to 260-550 ℃ in the rotary calciner 11, so that volatile organic matters and organic carbon in the gangue volatilize, and hot flue gas is formed, and the hot flue gas subsequently enters the cement kiln as tertiary air out of the kiln tail of the cement kiln and then is burnt as combustible components of the cement decomposing furnace, thereby participating in thermal decomposition of cement raw materials. Meanwhile, a plurality of material lifting devices 23 are uniformly distributed in the rotary calciner 11 to ensure sufficient heat exchange between the coal gangue and hot air, and the material lifting devices 23 in the embodiment have a structure shown in fig. 4, and the main principle is that the coal gangue is uniformly turned over by rotating the rotary calciner and then the surface of the coal gangue is fully contacted with the hot air by using the material lifting devices.
4. Distributing hopper
After the rotary calciner 11 burns the gangue, a mixture of coal ash and hot flue gas (the material temperature is 700-800 ℃) is obtained, and then the mixture enters the distributing hopper 12. In the distributing hopper 12, coarse particle coal ash (fixed carbon without ashes) in the mixture directly enters the calciner 17 due to the gravity; while the fine-grained coal ash (meaning the fixed carbon that has burned out) and the hot flue gas in the mixture are fed to the cyclone 13.
5. Cyclone separator
The cyclone separator 13 is used for carrying out gas-solid separation on fine particle coal ash and hot flue gas, and the separated hot flue gas (the temperature is 1100-1200 ℃) is used as tertiary air and is sent into a decomposing furnace of the cement kiln through an air supply pipeline. The separated fine particle coal ash is directly discharged into a coal slag ash treatment and transportation device for treatment through a locking air valve below the cyclone separator.
6. Air supply pipeline
As already mentioned above, the air supply duct is used to feed the hot flue gas as tertiary air for the cement kiln into the decomposing furnace of the cement kiln. In order to further improve the use efficiency of the hot flue gas, in this embodiment, the air supply duct includes a main air outlet pipe having one end connected to the air outlet of the cyclone 13 and the other end connected to the decomposing furnace of the cement kiln, and a secondary air outlet pipe 14 having one end connected to the main air outlet pipe and the other end also connected to the decomposing furnace of the cement kiln. That is, by adding the secondary air outlet pipe 14 of tertiary air and the gate 15, the 'sectional entry' of tertiary air is realized, which respectively enters from the upstream and upstream two places of the cement kiln decomposing furnace, so that the decomposing efficiency of cement raw materials in the decomposing furnace can be effectively ensured.
7. Calcining device
The calciner 17 is used for carrying out secondary calcination (the material temperature is 1100-1300 ℃ and the residence time is 120 min) on the coarse particle coal ash so as to form a partially melted primer layer. In this embodiment, the burner 17 is a vertical calciner, the calcination wind is provided by a variable frequency centrifugal fan 18, the wind inlet is controlled by adopting a variable frequency speed regulation mode, and the wind outlet pipe of the variable frequency centrifugal fan 18 is provided with a water atomization device, which is specifically designed in this embodiment: the design of a double-fluid cold water spray gun is adopted, the air pressure is controlled to be 0.2-0.4 MPa, the water pressure is controlled to be 0.1MPa, the diameter of a nozzle is controlled to be 1.5-3.5 mm, so that atomized water drops with the diameter of about 75 mu m are sprayed into an air outlet pipe, water vapor in the air outlet pipe can be atomized instantaneously, as shown in fig. 5, and the water adding amount is adjustable, thereby realizing the water quenching effect on coal slag and achieving the purpose of reducing the air consumption as much as possible on the premise of ensuring the cooling effect, creating technical conditions for generating a certain amount of CO reduction combustible gas in a combustor 17 (anoxic combustion), keeping the color of the coal slag grey black, and being more favorable for market acceptance.
In addition, high-temperature flue gas (temperature about 1250 ℃) generated by combustion in a molten state accumulated in the calciner 17 enters the cyclone 13 upward from the distribution hopper 12, and finally enters the decomposing furnace of the cement kiln as tertiary air of the cement kiln. Because the feed opening of the distributing hopper 12 is very large, the ventilation resistance is small, and the high-temperature flue gas generated by combustion in the calciner 17 normally flows upwards into the distributing hopper 12 without any influence on the feed of the rotary calciner 11. In addition, the high temperature flue gas from the top of the calciner 17 can be split into a part of the flue gas to go to a special decomposing furnace for gypsum or a coal slime drying process, so that a heat source is provided for the flue gas.
8. Cinder ash treatment and transportation device
The cinder ash treatment and transportation device is used for treating the fine-particle cinder ash separated by the cyclone separator 13 and the cinder ash secondarily calcined in the calciner 17. As shown in fig. 1, the gangue pretreatment device comprises a vibration feeder 16, a roller crusher 19, a water-cooling slag cooler 20 and a zipper machine 21.
The vibration feeder 16 is used for discharging the coal ash calcined and cooled by the calciner 17 into the roller crusher 19; the roller crusher 19 is used for crushing the coal ash to obtain fine-grained coal ash, which is then sent to a water-cooled slag cooler 20.
The water-cooled slag cooler 20 is used for cooling fine particle coal ash (including fine particle coal ash separated by the cyclone 13 and crushed by the roller crusher 19) (feed temperature > 800 ℃ C., discharge temperature < 80 ℃ C.) to obtain slag, and feeding the slag to the slide fastener 21. Meanwhile, the heated hot water (the temperature is about 80 ℃) through the water-cooling slag cooler is gathered into the boiler water supply of the kiln tail SP boiler for heat energy utilization. The zipper machine 21 is used for transporting to a cinder block for storage.
In summary, the utility model is directly grafted on the tertiary air pipe of the original cement kiln system, the coal gangue is crushed and then added into the system designed by the utility model, and then the heat generated by burning the coal gangue enters the cement kiln decomposing furnace to be fully utilized, and according to measurement and calculation, the system designed by the utility model can replace 60-80% of the coal used by the kiln tail of the cement kiln, save 50-70% of the electricity consumption of grinding by a coal mill and 60-90% of the cost of mixed materials, and greatly reduce the production cost of cement enterprises. Meanwhile, because the cyclone separator has high efficiency, the coal ash does not enter the decomposing furnace, so that the blending amount of the coal ash in the cement clinker is not increased, and the quality of the cement clinker is basically not affected. And coal gangue dust and particles are subjected to medium-temperature activation, high-temperature activation (twice calcination) and cooling, and can be used as cement and concrete additives.
In addition, because the gangue in the system device of the utility model is calcined in two temperature sections, the medium-temperature activation (700-800 ℃) and the high-temperature activation (more than 1100 ℃) are realized simultaneously, and the gangue slag obtained after the calcination is activated into a high-activity substitute material containing more metakaolin and vitreous body components, which is the LC production of cement enterprises 3 The low-carbon cement creates conditions and reduces carbon emission indexes of cement production of enterprises.
Therefore, the utility model skillfully realizes the low-cost, high-valued and large-scale utilization of the coal-series kaolin on the premise of not influencing the cement clinker production and the occupation of the site of the original cement kiln system by reasonable structural design, avoids the accumulation of the coal gangue to a great extent, effectively relieves the production pressure and environmental protection pressure of coal enterprises caused by the accumulation of the coal gangue, and brings additional revenue generation for the coal enterprises.
The above embodiment is only one of the preferred embodiments of the present utility model, and should not be used to limit the scope of the present utility model, and all the modifications or color changes that are not significant in the spirit and scope of the main body design of the present utility model are still consistent with the present utility model.
Claims (10)
1. The coal-series kaolin thermal activation system is characterized by comprising a feeding bin (7), a rotary calciner (11), a distributing hopper (12), a cyclone separator (13), an air supply pipeline, a calciner (17) and an air inlet pipeline (22); wherein:
the feeding bin is used for feeding the gangue materials into the rotary calciner;
the rotary calciner is used for preheating and calcining the gangue materials to obtain a mixture of coal ash and hot flue gas, and then sending the mixture to the distributing hopper;
an air inlet pipeline for sending hot air from the kiln tail of the cement kiln into the calciner as a heat source of the rotary calciner;
the distributing hopper is used for conveying coarse particle coal ash in the mixture into the calciner and conveying fine particle coal ash and hot flue gas in the mixture into the cyclone separator;
the cyclone separator is used for carrying out gas-solid separation on the fine particle coal ash and the hot flue gas, and the separated hot flue gas is sent into a decomposing furnace of the cement kiln through an air supply pipeline;
and the calciner is used for carrying out secondary calcination on the coarse-particle coal ash.
2. The thermal activation system for coal-based kaolin according to claim 1, further comprising a cinder ash handling and transporting device connected to the calciner (17).
3. The coal-based kaolin thermal activation system of claim 2, wherein the cinder ash handling and transporting device comprises a vibratory feeder (16), a roller crusher (19), a water cooled cinder cooler (20) and a zipper machine (21), wherein:
the vibration feeder is used for discharging the coal ash calcined and cooled by the calciner into the roller crusher;
the roller crusher is used for crushing the coal ash to obtain fine-particle coal ash, and then conveying the fine-particle coal ash to the water-cooling slag cooler;
the water-cooling slag cooler is used for cooling the fine particle coal ash to obtain coal slag, and then sending the coal slag to the zipper machine;
a zipper machine for transporting cinder.
4. A coal-based kaolin thermal activation system according to claim 3, wherein the cyclone (13) is further connected to a water-cooled slag cooler (20), the cyclone feeding separated fine particle coal ash into the water-cooled slag cooler for cooling.
5. A coal-based kaolin thermal activation system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein said air supply duct comprises a main air outlet duct connected at one end to the air outlet of the cyclone (13) and at the other end to the decomposing furnace of the cement kiln, and a secondary air outlet duct (14) connected at one end to the main air outlet duct and at the other end to the decomposing furnace of the cement kiln.
6. The thermal activation system for coal-based kaolin according to claim 5, further comprising a gangue pretreatment device for homogenizing the gangue materials.
7. The coal-based kaolin thermal activation system according to claim 6, wherein the coal gangue pretreatment device comprises a bin (1), a plate feeder (2), a hammer crusher (3), a lifter (4), a spiral screen (5) and a belt conveyor (6); wherein:
the feed bin is used for loading gangue and sending the gangue to the plate feeder;
the plate feeder is used for metering the gangue materials and sending the gangue materials into the hammer crusher for crushing;
the hoister is used for conveying crushed gangue materials to the spiral screen for separation, the gangue materials with unqualified fineness are returned to the hammer crusher for continuous crushing, the gangue materials with qualified fineness are conveyed to the homogenizing storage yard for homogenization treatment by the belt conveyor, and the homogenized gangue materials are obtained and then are conveyed to the feeding bin.
8. A coal-based kaolin thermal activation system according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 or 7, wherein said calciner (17) is a vertical calciner.
9. The coal-based kaolin thermal activation system according to claim 8, wherein the calcination wind of said calciner (17) is provided by a variable frequency centrifugal fan (18), and the outlet pipe of said variable frequency centrifugal fan (18) is provided with water atomizing means.
10. A coal-based kaolin thermal activation system according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7 or 9, wherein a plurality of lifters (23) are uniformly distributed in said rotary calciner (11).
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