CN220692287U - Electrode terminal, battery monomer, battery and power utilization device - Google Patents
Electrode terminal, battery monomer, battery and power utilization device Download PDFInfo
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- CN220692287U CN220692287U CN202420119423.4U CN202420119423U CN220692287U CN 220692287 U CN220692287 U CN 220692287U CN 202420119423 U CN202420119423 U CN 202420119423U CN 220692287 U CN220692287 U CN 220692287U
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- Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)
Abstract
An electrode terminal, a battery monomer, a battery and an electricity utilization device belong to the technical field of batteries; the electrode terminal comprises a first metal layer, a safety protection layer and a second metal layer which are sequentially stacked, wherein the first metal layer, the safety protection layer and the second metal layer are integrally formed, and the safety protection layer comprises a conductive fusion layer and/or a thermistor material layer; by providing a safety protection layer in the electrode terminal, the safety performance of the battery is improved. In addition, the first metal layer, the safety protection layer and the second metal layer are integrally formed, and rapid assembly of the battery is facilitated.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to an electrode terminal, a battery cell, a battery and an electric device.
Background
The lithium ion battery has the advantages of high energy density, long cycle life and the like, and is widely applied. The safety of lithium ion batteries is becoming more and more important due to the large number of applications, especially in the fields of large-scale applications such as electric bicycles, electric vehicles, energy storage power stations, and the like. The most major obstacle restricting the application of the lithium ion battery at present is the safety of the battery, namely, the battery is extremely easy to generate unsafe events such as explosion or combustion under the abuse conditions such as overcharge, short circuit, puncture, extrusion, high temperature thermal shock and the like, so the safety performance of the lithium ion battery still needs to be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present application provides an electrode terminal, a battery cell, a battery, and an electric device, which can improve the safety performance of the battery.
In a first aspect, the present application provides an electrode terminal, where the electrode terminal includes a first metal layer, a safety protection layer, and a second metal layer that are sequentially stacked, where the first metal layer, the safety protection layer, and the second metal layer are fixedly connected, the safety protection layer includes a conductive fuse layer and/or a thermistor material layer, and a melting temperature of the conductive fuse layer material is lower than melting temperatures of the first metal layer material and the second metal layer material; the material of the thermistor material layer comprises a positive temperature coefficient thermistor material.
In the above-described implementation, the safety protection layer includes a conductive fuse layer and/or a thermistor material layer by providing the safety protection layer in the electrode terminal. The conductive fusion layer can be fused when the temperature of the battery rises to a certain degree, and the fused conductive fusion layer is reduced in volume due to phase change, so that the electrode terminal is broken, and the safety performance of the battery is improved. Meanwhile, as the side edges of the electrode terminals are wrapped with the plastic parts, after the electrode terminals are melted and disconnected, no part falls into the battery, and the possibility of the battery short circuit caused by melting of the separator is reduced. And, because the barrier of the plastic portion of parcel, the melt can not flow, and after the battery temperature reduced, electrically conductive fusion layer resumes initial state, makes the battery have reversibility. The resistance value of the thermistor material layer increases along with the increase of the temperature, the voltage can be increased due to the increase of the resistance value, and when the temperature of the battery rises to a certain degree, the voltage value can trigger the system protection, so that the safety performance of the battery is improved. In addition, the first metal layer, the safety protection layer and the second metal layer are fixedly connected, and rapid assembly of the battery is facilitated.
In some embodiments, the first metal layer, the security protection layer, and the second metal layer are integrally formed.
In the implementation process, the first metal layer, the safety protection layer and the second metal layer are integrally formed, so that the assembly process of the electrode terminal can be further reduced, and the rapid assembly of the battery is facilitated.
In some embodiments, the thickness of the safety protection layer is 10% -60% of the thickness of the electrode terminal.
In the implementation process, the thicker the thickness of the safety protection layer is, the more favorable for the safety performance of the battery, and the thinner the thickness of the safety protection layer is, the more favorable for maintaining smaller internal resistance of the battery, and further favorable for the electric performance of the battery. The thickness of the safety protection layer is controlled to be 10% -60% of that of the electrode terminal, and the safety performance and the electrical performance of the battery can be considered.
In some embodiments, the thickness of the security protection layer is 0.2-3 mm.
In some embodiments, the melting temperature of the material of the conductive fuse layer is 85-300 ℃; and/or
The conductivity of the material of the conductive fusion layer is 10 -7 ~10 -2 S/M。
In the implementation process, the melting temperature of the material of the conductive melting layer is equal to the highest temperature of battery operation to a certain extent, and the melting temperature of the material of the conductive melting layer is controlled to be 80-300 ℃, so that the probability of occurrence of thermal runaway of the battery can be effectively reduced, and the safety performance of the battery can be improved. Conductive materialThe conductivity of the fusion layer is generally smaller than that of the first metal layer and the second metal layer, so the conductivity of the conductive fusion layer has a great influence on the whole electrode terminal, and the conductivity of the material of the conductive fusion layer is controlled to be 10 -7 ~10 -2 S/M is beneficial to maintaining better conductivity of the electrode terminal, and further beneficial to the electrical performance of the battery.
In some embodiments, the melting temperature of the material of the conductive fuse layer is 85-150 ℃.
In the implementation process, the melting temperature of the material of the conductive melting layer is controlled to be 85-150 ℃, so that the probability of occurrence of thermal runaway of the battery can be effectively reduced, and the safety performance of the battery can be improved.
In some embodiments, the material of the conductive fuse layer comprises a conductive polymer.
In some embodiments, the conductive polymer comprises one of polypyrrole, polyphenylacetylene, polyphenylene sulfide, polythiophene, polyfuran, polyaniline, polycarboxylic acid, a derivative of polypyrrole, a derivative of polyphenylacetylene, a derivative of polyphenylene sulfide, a derivative of polythiophene, a derivative of polyfuran, a derivative of polyaniline, and a derivative of polycarboxylic acid.
In some embodiments, the conductive fuse layer has a thickness of 0.1-3 mm.
In the implementation process, the thicker the conductive fusion layer is, the more favorable the safety performance of the battery, and the thinner the conductive fusion layer is, the more favorable the maintenance of smaller internal resistance of the battery, and further the electric performance of the battery is favorable. The thickness of the conductive fusion layer is controlled to be 0.1-3 mm, and the safety performance and the electrical performance of the battery can be considered.
In some embodiments, the material of the thermistor material layer has a temperature coefficient of resistance of 10 -7 ~10 -5 PPM/. Degree.C; and/or
The material of the thermistor material layer has a nominal resistance value of 10 -3 ~10 -1 mΩ。
In some embodiments, the material of the thermistor material layer includes one of a semiconductor thermistor material, a metal thermistor material, an alloy thermistor material, and a composite thermistor material.
In some embodiments, the thickness of the thermistor material layer is 0.1-3 mm.
In the implementation process, the thicker the thermistor material layer is, the more favorable the safety performance of the battery, and the thinner the thermistor material layer is, the more favorable the maintenance of smaller internal resistance of the battery, and further the electric performance of the battery is favorable. The thickness of the thermistor material layer is controlled to be 0.1-3 mm, and the safety performance and the electrical performance of the battery can be considered.
In some embodiments, the first metal layer comprises a copper layer; and/or
The second metal layer includes an aluminum layer.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a battery cell comprising the electrode terminal provided in the first aspect.
In some embodiments, the conductive melt layer has a melting temperature that is less than the highest safe operating temperature of the battery cell.
In a third aspect, the present application provides a battery comprising the battery cell provided in the second aspect.
In a fourth aspect, the present application provides an electrical device comprising the battery cell provided in the second aspect or the battery provided in the third aspect.
Drawings
Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the application. Also, like reference numerals are used to designate like parts throughout the accompanying drawings. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a vehicle according to some embodiments of the present application;
fig. 2 is an exploded view of a battery provided in some embodiments of the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery cell according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
fig. 4 is an exploded view of a battery cell provided in some embodiments of the present application;
fig. 5 is a first schematic structural view of an electrode terminal according to some embodiments of the present application;
fig. 6 is a second structural schematic diagram of an electrode terminal according to some embodiments of the present application.
Reference numerals in the specific embodiments are as follows:
1000-vehicle; 100-cell; 200-motor; 300-a controller; 10-a box body; 11-accommodation space; 12-a first part; 13-a second part; 20-battery cells; 21-a housing; 211-opening; 22-end cap assembly; 221-end cap; 222-electrode terminals; 2221—a first metal layer; 2222—a security protection layer; 2222 a-conductive fuse layer; 2222 b-thermistor material layer; 2223-second metal layer; 2224-plastic part; 23-an electrode assembly; 24-current collecting member; 25-insulating protection.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for more clearly illustrating the technical solutions of the present application, and thus are only examples, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present application.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs; the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application; the terms "comprising" and "having" and any variations thereof in the description and claims of the present application and in the description of the figures above are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.
In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the technical terms "first," "second," etc. are used merely to distinguish between different objects and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated, a particular order or a primary or secondary relationship. In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more unless explicitly defined otherwise.
Reference herein to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearances of such phrases in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. Those of skill in the art will explicitly and implicitly appreciate that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.
In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "and/or" is merely an association relationship describing an association object, which means that three relationships may exist, for example, a and/or B may mean: a exists alone, A and B exist together, and B exists alone. In addition, the character "/" herein generally indicates that the front and rear associated objects are an "or" relationship.
In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "plurality" refers to two or more (including two), and similarly, "plural sets" refers to two or more (including two), and "plural sheets" refers to two or more (including two).
In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the technical terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are merely for convenience of describing the embodiments of the present application and for simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the apparatus or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present application.
In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured" and the like are to be construed broadly and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; or may be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communicated with the inside of two elements or the interaction relationship of the two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of the present application will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
Currently, the application of power batteries is more widespread from the development of market situation. The power battery is not only applied to energy storage power supply systems such as hydraulic power, firepower, wind power and solar power stations, but also widely applied to electric vehicles such as electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, electric automobiles, and the like, and a plurality of fields such as military equipment, aerospace, and the like. With the continuous expansion of the application field of the power battery, the market demand of the power battery is also continuously expanding.
The power battery may be a lithium ion battery, a sodium ion battery, or a magnesium ion battery, but is not limited thereto. Taking lithium ion batteries as an example, lithium ion batteries have very wide application in the fields of portable electronic devices, electric automobiles and the like. The most major obstacle restricting the application of the lithium ion battery at present is the safety of the battery, namely, the battery is extremely easy to generate unsafe events such as explosion or combustion under the abuse conditions such as overcharge, short circuit, puncture, extrusion, high temperature thermal shock and the like, so the safety performance of the lithium ion battery still needs to be improved.
However, setting up the safety protection component and will additionally increase the step between each electric connection component, and then increase the degree of difficulty of battery equipment, also can exist simultaneously and protect the inside of taking effect after part component falls into the battery, makes the diaphragm take place to melt, leads to the risk of battery short circuit, still has in addition to protect the problem that leads to the battery damage after taking effect, can't continue to use.
Based on the above consideration, the safety performance of the battery is improved on the premise of not increasing the difficulty of battery assembly. The application provides an electrode terminal, which comprises a first metal layer, a safety protection layer and a second metal layer which are sequentially laminated, wherein the first metal layer, the safety protection layer and the second metal layer are fixedly connected, the safety protection layer comprises a conductive fusion layer and/or a thermistor material layer, and the fusion temperature of the conductive fusion layer material is lower than that of the first metal layer material and the second metal layer material; the material of the thermistor material layer comprises a positive temperature coefficient thermistor material.
In such an electrode terminal, by providing a safety protection layer in the electrode terminal, the safety protection layer includes a conductive fuse layer and/or a thermistor material layer. The conductive fusion layer can be fused when the temperature of the battery rises to a certain degree, and the fused conductive fusion layer is reduced in volume due to phase change, so that the electrode terminal is broken, and the safety performance of the battery is improved. Meanwhile, as the side edges of the electrode terminals are wrapped with the plastic parts (the plastic parts are connected with the first metal layer, the safety protection layer and the second metal layer at least partially), after the electrode terminals are melted and disconnected, parts do not fall into the battery, and the possibility of melting of the separator and short circuit of the battery are reduced. And, because the barrier of the plastic portion of parcel, the melt can not flow, and after the battery temperature reduced, electrically conductive fusion layer resumes initial state, makes the battery have reversibility. The resistance value of the thermistor material layer increases along with the increase of the temperature, the increase of the resistance value can lead to the increase of the voltage, and when the temperature of the battery rises to a certain degree, the voltage value can trigger the system protection, so that the safety performance of the battery is improved. In addition, the first metal layer, the safety protection layer and the second metal layer are fixedly connected, and rapid assembly of the battery is facilitated.
The electrode terminal can be used to prepare a battery cell that can be used, but is not limited to, in electrical devices such as vehicles, boats, or aircraft. A power supply system having a battery cell, a battery, or the like disclosed in the present application, which constitutes the power utilization device, may be used.
The embodiment of the application provides an electricity utilization device using a battery as a power supply, wherein the electricity utilization device can be, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, a tablet, a notebook computer, an electric toy, an electric tool, a battery car, an electric car, a ship, a spacecraft and the like. Among them, the electric toy may include fixed or mobile electric toys, such as game machines, electric car toys, electric ship toys, electric plane toys, and the like, and the spacecraft may include planes, rockets, space planes, and spacecraft, and the like.
For convenience of description, the following embodiment will take an electric device according to an embodiment of the present application as an example of the vehicle 1000.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle 1000 according to some embodiments of the present application. The vehicle 1000 may be a fuel oil vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle may be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or a range-extended vehicle. The battery 100 is provided in the interior of the vehicle 1000, and the battery 100 may be provided at the bottom or the head or the tail of the vehicle 1000. The battery 100 may be used for power supply of the vehicle 1000, for example, the battery 100 may be used as an operating power source of the vehicle 1000. The vehicle 1000 may also include a controller 300 and a motor 200, the controller 300 being configured to control the battery 100 to power the motor 200, for example, for operating power requirements during start-up, navigation, and travel of the vehicle 1000.
In some embodiments of the present application, battery 100 may not only serve as an operating power source for vehicle 1000, but may also serve as a driving power source for vehicle 1000, instead of or in part instead of fuel oil or natural gas, to provide driving power for vehicle 1000.
In this application, the battery 100 may refer to a single battery cell 20, which may also refer to a single physical module including a plurality of battery cells 20 to provide higher voltage and capacity, which may be in the form of a battery pack, a battery module, or the like. The battery 100 may include a case 10 to house a plurality of battery cells 20, and the case 10 may prevent liquid or other foreign matter from affecting the charge or discharge of the battery cells 20.
Fig. 2 is an exploded view of a battery 100 according to some embodiments of the present application. Referring to fig. 2, the battery 100 includes a case 10 and a battery cell 20, and the battery cell 20 is accommodated in the case 10.
The case 10 is used to provide an accommodating space 11 for the battery cells 20. In some embodiments, the case 10 may include a first portion 12 and a second portion 13, the first portion 12 and the second portion 13 being overlapped with each other to define a receiving space 11 for receiving the battery cell 20. Of course, the connection between the first portion 12 and the second portion 13 may be sealed by a sealing member (not shown), which may be a sealing ring, a sealant, or the like.
The first portion 12 and the second portion 13 may be of various shapes, such as a rectangular parallelepiped, a cylinder, etc. The first part 12 may be a hollow structure having one side opened to form a receiving cavity for receiving the battery cell 20, and the second part 13 may be a hollow structure having one side opened to form a receiving cavity for receiving the battery cell 20, and the opening side of the second part 13 is closed to the opening side of the first part 12, thereby forming the case 10 having the receiving space 11. Of course, as shown in fig. 2, the first portion 12 may be a hollow structure with one side opened, the second portion 13 may be a plate-like structure, and the second portion 13 may be covered on the opening side of the first portion 12, thereby forming the case 10 having the accommodation space 11.
In the battery 100, a plurality of battery cells 20 may be connected in series, parallel, or a series-parallel connection between the plurality of battery cells 20, wherein the series-parallel connection refers to that the plurality of battery cells 20 are connected in series or parallel. The plurality of battery cells 20 can be directly connected in series or in parallel or in series-parallel, and then the whole formed by the plurality of battery cells 20 is accommodated in the box 10; of course, a plurality of battery cells 20 may be connected in series or parallel or series-parallel to form a battery module, and then connected in series or parallel or series-parallel to form a whole and be accommodated in the case 10. The battery cell 20 may be in the shape of a cylinder, a flat body, a rectangular parallelepiped, or other shapes, etc. Fig. 2 exemplarily shows a case in which the battery cell 20 has a square shape.
In some embodiments, the battery 100 may further include a bus bar (not shown), through which the plurality of battery cells 20 may be electrically connected to each other, so as to realize serial connection, parallel connection, or a series-parallel connection of the plurality of battery cells 20.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery cell 20 according to some embodiments of the present application, and fig. 4 is an exploded view of the battery cell 20 according to some embodiments of the present application. Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the battery cell 20 may include a case 21, an end cap assembly 22, and an electrode assembly 23. The case 21 has an opening 211, the electrode assembly 23 is accommodated in the case 21, and the cap assembly 22 is used to cover the opening 211.
The shape of the case 21 may be determined according to the specific shape of the electrode assembly 23. For example, if the electrode assembly 23 has a rectangular parallelepiped structure, the case 21 may have a rectangular parallelepiped structure. Fig. 3 and 4 exemplarily show a case where the case 21 and the electrode assembly 23 are square.
The material of the housing 21 may be various, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, etc., which is not particularly limited in the embodiment of the present application.
The end cap assembly 22 includes an end cap 221 and an electrode terminal 222. The cap assembly 22 serves to cover the opening 211 of the case 21 to form a closed installation space (not shown) for accommodating the electrode assembly 23. The installation space is also used for accommodating an electrolyte, such as an electrolyte solution. The end cap assembly 22 is used as a component for outputting the electric power of the electrode assembly 23, and the electrode terminal 222 in the end cap assembly 22 is used to be electrically connected with the electrode assembly 23, i.e., the electrode terminal 222 is electrically connected with the tab of the electrode assembly 23, for example, the electrode terminal 222 is connected with the tab through the current collecting member 24, so as to achieve the electrical connection of the electrode terminal 222 with the tab.
The number of the openings 211 of the housing 21 may be one or two. If the opening 211 of the housing 21 is one, the end cap assembly 22 may also be one, and two electrode terminals 222 may be disposed in the end cap assembly 22, where the two electrode terminals 222 are respectively used for electrically connecting with the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab of the electrode assembly 23. If the number of the openings 211 of the housing 21 is two, for example, two openings 211 are disposed on two opposite sides of the housing 21, the number of the end cap assemblies 22 may be two, and the two end cap assemblies 22 are respectively covered at the two openings 211 of the housing 21. In this case, the electrode terminal 222 in one of the end cap assemblies 22 may be a positive electrode terminal for electrical connection with the positive tab of the electrode assembly 23; the electrode terminal 222 in the other end cap assembly 22 is a negative electrode terminal for electrical connection with the negative tab of the electrode assembly 23.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 4, the battery cell 20 may further include an insulation protector 25 fixed to the outer circumference of the electrode assembly 23, the insulation protector 25 serving to insulate the electrode assembly 23 from the case 21. Illustratively, the insulating protector 25 is an adhesive tape adhered to the outer circumference of the electrode assembly 23. In some embodiments, the number of the electrode assemblies 23 is plural, the insulating protection member 25 is disposed around the outer circumferences of the plurality of electrode assemblies 23, and the plurality of electrode assemblies 23 are formed into a unitary structure to keep the electrode assemblies 23 structurally stable.
The electrode assembly 23 includes a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet, and a separator. The positive plate comprises a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer, wherein the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector, the positive electrode current collector without the positive electrode active material layer protrudes out of the positive electrode current collector coated with the positive electrode active material layer, and the positive electrode current collector without the positive electrode active material layer is used as a positive electrode lug.
The negative electrode sheet comprises a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer, wherein the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector, the negative electrode current collector without the negative electrode active material layer protrudes out of the negative electrode current collector coated with the negative electrode active material layer, and the negative electrode current collector without the negative electrode active material layer is used as a negative electrode tab. The material of the negative electrode current collector may be copper, and the negative electrode active material may be carbon, silicon, or the like. In order to ensure that the high current is passed without fusing, the number of positive electrode lugs is multiple and stacked together, and the number of negative electrode lugs is multiple and stacked together. The material of the separator may be PP (polypropylene) or PE (polyethylene). In addition, the electrode assembly 23 may be a wound electrode assembly or a laminated electrode assembly, and the embodiment is not limited thereto.
Fig. 5 and 6 are schematic structural views of an electrode terminal 222 according to some embodiments of the present application; referring to fig. 5 and 6, an embodiment of the present application provides an electrode terminal 222, where the electrode terminal 222 includes a first metal layer 2221, a safety protection layer 2222, and a second metal layer 2223 that are sequentially stacked, the first metal layer 2221, the safety protection layer 2222, and the second metal layer 2223 are fixedly connected, the safety protection layer 2222 includes a conductive fuse layer 2222a and/or a thermistor material layer 2222b, and a melting temperature of the conductive fuse layer material is lower than a melting temperature of the first metal layer material and the second metal layer material; the material of the thermistor material layer comprises a positive temperature coefficient thermistor material.
The first metal layer 2221, the security protection layer 2222 and the second metal layer 2223 that are sequentially stacked are in a vector direction, the security protection layer 2222 is disposed on a side surface of the first metal layer 2221, and the second metal layer 2223 is disposed on a side surface of the security protection layer 2222 that is far from the first metal layer 2221. In general, the first metal layer 2221, the security protection layer 2222, and the second metal layer 2223 have the same shape. And the first metal layer 2221 or the second metal layer 2223 is abutted against the post substrate.
The safety protection layer 2222 includes a conductive fuse layer 2222a and/or a thermistor material layer 2222b means that the safety protection layer 2222 may be only the conductive fuse layer 2222a, or only the thermistor material layer 2222b, or may be formed by the conductive fuse layer 2222a and the thermistor material layer 2222b together, and the relative positional relationship between the conductive fuse layer 2222a and the thermistor material layer 2222b is not limited, that is, the conductive fuse layer 2222a is closer to the first metal layer 2221, or the thermistor material layer 2222b is closer to the first metal layer 2221. The conductive fuse layer 2222a is a functional layer that can be melted after the temperature rises to break the electrode terminal 222. The thermistor material layer 2222b is a functional layer capable of triggering the system protection of the battery 100 by changing the resistance value after the temperature increases.
The electrode terminal 222 is formed by providing a safety protection layer 2222 in the electrode terminal 222, the safety protection layer 2222 including a conductive fuse layer 2222a and/or a thermistor material layer 2222b. The conductive fuse layer 2222a can be melted when the temperature of the battery 100 increases to a certain extent (for example, when an internal short circuit or an external short circuit occurs in a circuit of the battery 100, a large current is generated, and heat is rapidly generated), so that the volume of the melted conductive fuse layer 2222a is reduced due to a phase change, and the electrode terminal 222 is broken, thereby improving the safety performance of the battery 100. Meanwhile, since the side of the electrode terminal 222 is wrapped with the plastic portion 2224 (the plastic portion 2224 is at least partially connected to the first metal layer 2221, the safety protection layer 2222 and the second metal layer 2223), after the melting and disconnection, no part falls into the battery 100, and the possibility of melting the separator and causing short circuit of the battery 100 is reduced. In addition, the molten liquid does not flow out due to the blocking of the plastic part 2224, and after the temperature of the battery 100 is lowered, the conductive fuse layer 2222a returns to the original state, so that the battery 100 is reversible. The resistance value of the thermistor material layer 2222b increases with the increase of temperature, and the increase of the resistance value may cause an increase of voltage, which can trigger system protection when the battery 100 is warmed up to a certain degree (for example, when an internal short circuit or an external short circuit occurs in a circuit of the battery 100, a large current is generated, and rapid generation of heat is caused), thereby improving the safety performance of the battery 100. In addition, the first metal layer 2221, the safety protection layer 2222 and the second metal layer 2223 are fixedly connected, which is beneficial to the rapid assembly of the battery 100.
In some embodiments of the present application, the first metal layer 2221, the security protection layer 2222, and the second metal layer 2223 are integrally formed.
The first metal layer 2221, the security protection layer 2222, and the second metal layer 2223 being integrally formed means that the first metal layer 2221, the security protection layer 2222, and the second metal layer 2223 are manufactured in the same process, and the first metal layer 2221, the security protection layer 2222, and the second metal layer 2223 are integrally formed. For example, the first metal layer 2221, the safety protection layer 2222, and the second metal layer 2223 are formed into a composite plate by finish rolling, and then the electrode terminal 222 is formed by punching.
The first metal layer, the safety protection layer and the second metal layer which are integrally formed can further reduce the assembly process of the electrode terminal, and further facilitate the rapid assembly of the battery.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the thickness of the safety protection layer 2222 is 10% -60% of the thickness of the electrode terminal 222. The thicker the thickness of the safety protection layer 2222 is, the more advantageous for the safety performance of the battery 100, and the thinner the thickness of the safety protection layer 2222 is, the more advantageous for maintaining the smaller internal resistance of the battery 100, and thus the electrical performance of the battery 100. The thickness of the safety protection layer 2222 is controlled to be 10% -60% of the thickness of the electrode terminal 222, and the safety performance and the electrical performance of the battery 100 can be considered.
The thickness of the safety protection layer 2222 may be 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55% or 60% of the electrode terminal 222, or may be any value within a range of 10% -60%.
In the technical solutions of some embodiments of the present application, the thickness of the safety protection layer 2222 is 0.2-3 mm, and the thickness of the safety protection layer 2222 is 0.2-3 mm, which can be applied to the electrode terminals 222 of most of the batteries 100.
By way of example, the thickness of the security protection layer 2222 may be 0.2mm, 0.4mm, 0.6mm, 0.8mm, 1mm, 1.2mm, 1.4mm, 1.6mm, 1.8mm, 2mm, 2.2mm, 2.4mm, 2.6mm, 2.8mm, or 3mm.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the melting temperature of the material of the conductive fuse layer is 85-300 ℃, and further, the melting temperature of the material of the conductive fuse layer 2222a is 80-150 ℃. Melting temperature refers to the temperature at which the material is completely melted and can be measured, typically, using a differential scanning calorimeter (i.e., DSC). The melting temperature of the material of the conductive fusion layer 2222a is equal to the highest working temperature of the battery 100 to a certain extent, and the highest working temperature of the battery 100 is controlled to be 85-150 ℃, so that the probability of occurrence of thermal runaway of the battery 100 can be effectively reduced, and the safety performance of the battery 100 is improved.
The material of the conductive fuse layer 2222a may have a melting temperature of 85 ℃, 90 ℃, 95 ℃, 100 ℃, 105 ℃, 110 ℃, 115 ℃, 120 ℃, 125 ℃, 130 ℃, 135 ℃, 140 ℃, 145 ℃, 150 ℃, 155 ℃, 160 ℃, 165 ℃, 170 ℃, 175 ℃, 180 ℃, 185 ℃, 190 ℃, 195 ℃, 200 ℃, 205 ℃, 210 ℃, 215 ℃, 220 ℃, 225 ℃, 230 ℃, 235 ℃, 240 ℃, 245 ℃, 250 ℃, 255 ℃, 260 ℃, 265 ℃, 270 ℃, 275 ℃, 280 ℃, 285 ℃, 290 ℃, 295 ℃, 300 ℃, or the like, and may have any value in the range of 85 to 300 ℃.
It should be noted that, in other embodiments, the melting temperature of the material of the conductive fuse layer may be determined according to the highest temperature of safe operation of the battery cell to which it is applied. The melting temperature of the material of the conductive fusion layer only needs to be lower than the highest safe operation temperature of the battery cell.
In some embodiments of the present application, the material of the conductive fuse layer 2222a has a conductivity of 10 -7 ~10 - 2 S/M. Conductivity, also known as conductivity, is a measure of the ability of a substance to transport electrical current. When a voltage is applied across the material, its charge carriers will be oriented to a certain extentThe act of flowing in a direction, thus generating an electric current. Conductivity is defined in ohm's law as the ratio of current density to electric field strength, conductivity being the inverse of resistivity. The units in the International Unit System are Siemens per meter (S.m -1 ). The conductivity of the conductive fuse layer 2222a is generally smaller than the conductivities of the first metal layer 2221 and the second metal layer 2223, so that the conductivity of the conductive fuse layer 2222a generally has a large influence on the entire electrode terminal 222, and the conductivity of the material of the conductive fuse layer 2222a is controlled to be 10 -7 ~10 -2 S/M is advantageous in maintaining good conductivity of the electrode terminal 222, thereby facilitating electrical performance of the battery 100.
Illustratively, the conductive fuse layer 2222a material may have a conductivity of 10 -7 S/M、10 -6 S/M、10 -5 S/M、10 - 4 S/M、10 -3 S/M or 10 -2 S/M, etc., which may also be 10 -7 ~10 -2 Any value within the S/M range.
In some embodiments of the present application, the material of the conductive fuse layer 2222a includes a conductive polymer. Conductive polymers refer to polymeric materials having electrical conductivity.
Illustratively, the conductive polymer may be selected from one of polypyrrole, polyphenylacetylene, polyphenylene sulfide, polythiophene, polyfuran, polyaniline, polycarboxylic acid, a derivative of polypyrrole, a derivative of polyphenylacetylene, a derivative of polyphenylene sulfide, a derivative of polythiophene, a derivative of polyfuran, a derivative of polyaniline, and a derivative of polycarboxylic acid.
In some embodiments of the present application, the thickness of the conductive fuse layer 2222a is 0.1-3 mm. The thicker the conductive fuse layer 2222a is, the more advantageous the safety performance of the battery 100, while the thinner the conductive fuse layer 2222a is, the more advantageous the maintenance of a smaller internal resistance of the battery 100, and thus the electrical performance of the battery 100. The thickness of the conductive fuse layer 2222a is controlled to be 0.1 to 3mm, and the safety performance and the electrical performance of the battery 100 can be considered.
Illustratively, the thickness of the conductive fuse layer 2222a may be 0.1mm, 0.3mm, 0.5mm, 0.7mm, 0.9mm, 1.1mm, 1.3mm, 1.5mm, 1.7mm, 1.9mm, 2.1mm, 2.3mm, 2.5mm, 2.7mm, 2.9mm, or 3mm, etc., which may also be any value within the range of 0.1-3 mm.
In some embodiments of the present application, the material of the thermistor material layer 2222b has a temperature coefficient of resistance of 10 -7 ~10 -5 PPM/. Degree.C. The material of the thermistor material layer 2222b has a nominal resistance value of 10 -3 ~10 -1 mΩ。
Illustratively, the material of the thermistor material layer 2222b may have a temperature coefficient of resistance of 10 -7 PPM/℃、10 - 6 PPM/. Degree.C.or 10 -5 PPM/. Degree.C.etc., which may also be 10 -7 ~10 -5 Any value within the PPM/. Degree.C. The nominal resistance of the material of the thermistor material layer 2222b may be 10 -3 mΩ、10 -2 mΩ or 10 -1 mΩ, etc., which may also be 10 -3 ~10 -1 mΩ。
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the material of the thermistor material layer 2222b includes one of a semiconductor thermistor material, a metal thermistor material, an alloy thermistor material, and a composite thermistor material.
The semiconductor thermistor material may be selected from single crystal semiconductors, polycrystalline semiconductors, glass semiconductors, organic semiconductors, metal oxides, and the like; the metal thermistor material is widely applied as a thermal resistor temperature measuring and limiting device and an automatic constant temperature heating element. The alloy thermistor material is also called as thermistor alloy, and the alloy has higher resistivity, and the resistance value is more sensitive to the change of temperature, so that the alloy thermistor material is a good material for manufacturing a temperature-sensitive sensor. The composite thermistor material is prepared by mixing raw materials comprising a fullerene material, a PTC material and an auxiliary agent, and presintering at 1000-1250 ℃ to obtain a solid solution; and then ball milling, crushing, forming and granulating the solid solution material, and sintering at the temperature of 1000-1500 ℃ to obtain the solid solution material. Wherein the PTC material is barium titanate; or a mixture of iron powder, copper powder and titanium dioxide; the auxiliary agent is a mixture of a coupling agent, a flame retardant, an antioxidant, an anti-aging agent, an accelerator, a cross-linking agent and a dispersing agent; the fullerene material is C60 fullerene.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the thickness of the thermistor material layer 2222b is 0.1-3 mm. The thicker the thermistor material layer 2222b is, the more advantageous the safety performance of the battery 100, and the thinner the thermistor material layer 2222b is, the more advantageous the maintenance of the smaller internal resistance of the battery 100, and thus the electrical performance of the battery 100. The thickness of the thermistor material layer 2222b is controlled to be 0.1 to 3mm, and the safety performance and the electrical performance of the battery 100 can be considered.
Illustratively, the thickness of the thermistor material layer 2222b may be 0.1mm, 0.3mm, 0.5mm, 0.7mm, 0.9mm, 1.1mm, 1.3mm, 1.5mm, 1.7mm, 1.9mm, 2.1mm, 2.3mm, 2.5mm, 2.7mm, 2.9mm or 3mm, etc., which may also be any value in the range of 0.1-3 mm.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the first metal layer 2221 includes a copper layer; the second metal layer 2223 includes an aluminum layer.
Having described the structure of the electrode terminal 222, a method for manufacturing the electrode terminal 222 is described in detail below.
The manufacturing method of the electrode terminal 222 includes the steps of: the first metal layer 2221, the safety protection layer 2222, and the second metal layer 2223 are often stacked together, and together, are formed into an integrally formed composite plate by finish rolling, and then the composite plate is punched to form the electrode terminal 222.
The method comprises the steps of manufacturing a first metal layer 2221, a safety protection layer 2222 and a second metal layer 2223 into an integrally formed composite board, and then manufacturing an electrode terminal 222, wherein the electrode terminal 222 is provided with the safety protection layer 2222 in the electrode terminal 222, and the safety protection layer 2222 comprises a conductive fusing layer 2222a and/or a thermistor material layer 2222b. The conductive fuse layer 2222a can be melted when the temperature of the battery 100 increases to a certain extent (for example, when an internal short circuit or an external short circuit occurs in a circuit of the battery 100, a large current is generated, and heat is rapidly generated), so that the volume of the melted conductive fuse layer 2222a is reduced due to a phase change, and the electrode terminal 222 is broken, thereby improving the safety performance of the battery 100. Meanwhile, after the melting and disconnection, no part falls into the battery 100, so that the possibility of melting the separator and causing short circuit of the battery 100 is reduced. After the battery 100 is at a low temperature, the conductive fuse layer 2222a returns to the initial state, and the battery 100 is reversible. The resistance value of the thermistor material layer 2222b changes with the increase of temperature, and the change of the resistance value may cause a change of voltage, and when the temperature of the battery 100 increases to a certain extent (for example, when an internal short circuit or an external short circuit occurs in a circuit of the battery 100, a large current is generated, and rapid generation of heat is caused), the voltage value may trigger system protection, thereby improving the safety performance of the battery 100. In addition, the first metal layer 2221, the safety protection layer 2222 and the second metal layer 2223 are integrally formed, which is beneficial to the rapid assembly of the battery 100.
The foregoing is merely a specific embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the application, and various modifications and variations may be made to the present application by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (17)
1. The electrode terminal is characterized by comprising a first metal layer, a safety protection layer and a second metal layer which are sequentially stacked, wherein the first metal layer, the safety protection layer and the second metal layer are fixedly connected, the safety protection layer comprises a conductive fusion layer and/or a thermistor material layer, and the fusion temperature of the conductive fusion layer material is lower than that of the first metal layer material and the second metal layer material; the material of the thermistor material layer comprises a positive temperature coefficient thermistor material.
2. The electrode terminal of claim 1, wherein the first metal layer, the safety protection layer, and the second metal layer are integrally formed.
3. The electrode terminal according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the safety protection layer is 10% -60% of the thickness of the electrode terminal.
4. The electrode terminal according to claim 3, wherein the thickness of the safety protection layer is 0.2 to 3mm.
5. The electrode terminal according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a melting temperature of a material of the conductive fusion layer is 85 to 300 ℃; and/or
The conductivity of the material of the conductive fusion layer is 10 -7 ~10 -2 S/M。
6. The electrode terminal according to claim 5, wherein the melting temperature of the material of the conductive fusion layer is 85-150 ℃.
7. The electrode terminal according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the material of the conductive fusion layer comprises a conductive polymer.
8. The electrode terminal according to claim 7, wherein the conductive polymer comprises one of polypyrrole, polyphenylacetylene, polyphenylenesulfide, polythiophene, polyfuran, polyaniline, polycarboxylic acid, a derivative of polypyrrole, a derivative of polyphenylacetylene, a derivative of polyphenylenesulfide, a derivative of polythiophene, a derivative of polyfuran, a derivative of polyaniline, and a derivative of polycarboxylic acid.
9. The electrode terminal according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the thickness of the conductive fusion layer is 0.1 to 3mm.
10. The electrode terminal according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a temperature coefficient of resistance of a material of the thermistor material layer is 10 -7 ~10 -5 PPM/. Degree.C; and/or
The nominal resistance of the material of the thermistor material layer is 10 -3 ~10 -1 mΩ。
11. The electrode terminal according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a material of the thermistor material layer includes one of a semiconductor thermistor material, a metal thermistor material, an alloy thermistor material, and a composite thermistor material.
12. The electrode terminal according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the thickness of the thermistor material layer is 0.1 to 3mm.
13. The electrode terminal according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the first metal layer comprises a copper layer; and/or
The second metal layer includes an aluminum layer.
14. A battery cell characterized in that the battery cell comprises the electrode terminal of any one of claims 1 to 13.
15. The battery cell of claim 14, wherein the conductive melt layer has a melting temperature that is less than a safe maximum operating temperature of the battery cell.
16. A battery, characterized in that the battery comprises the battery cell of any one of claims 14 to 15.
17. An electrical device comprising the battery cell of any one of claims 14 to 15 or the battery of claim 16.
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