CN220666250U - Ecological support system suitable for soil high slope - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to an ecological support system suitable for a soil high slope. The utility model is suitable for the technical field of side slope protection. The utility model aims to solve the technical problems that: provides an ecological support system suitable for a soil high slope. The scheme of the utility model is as follows: the ecological support system suitable for the soil high slope comprises a slope body reinforcing structure, a slope foot reinforcing structure and a drainage structure, wherein the slope body reinforcing structure comprises a backfill reinforced slope body and a plurality of stages of horse ways arranged on the slope surface; the toe reinforcement structure comprises a plurality of pile foundations buried in the soil layer and connecting beams poured on the tops of the pile foundations; vegetation for soil fixation and scour prevention is planted on the slope and the slope toe; the drainage structure comprises slope top drainage ditches arranged on two sides of a slope top road, horse road drainage ditches arranged on the inner sides of each level of horse roads and slope foot drainage ditches arranged on the slope feet, and a plurality of adjacent horse road drainage ditches are communicated through vertical drainage ditches arranged along a slope.

Description

Ecological support system suitable for soil high slope

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of side slope protection, in particular to an ecological support system of a soil high side slope, which is suitable for soil high side slope support of new energy projects such as hydropower stations, pumped storage power stations, photovoltaic fields and the like.

Background

The external appearance of landslide mainly has two forms of sliding of the slope body and scouring of the slope surface. The sliding of the slope body means that when the soil slope loses stability, the whole slope body can slide or collapse, so that soil and rocks can move and accumulate in a large amount, landslide disasters are serious, existing buildings, roads and the like can be damaged, environmental damage is caused, the landslide body rushes into water bodies such as rivers and lakes, and the like, and the water bodies can be deposited and polluted. Slope flushing means that soil on the slope may be subjected to rainfall, river or wave flushing action, so that soil and the slope are degraded, and the slope is uneven and unstable, and if the slope is not treated in time, the risk of sliding of the slope is increased.

The soil high slope supporting measures are widely applied to engineering, and certain differences exist in the adopted reinforcing measures according to different landslide damage modes. Aiming at the soil high slope, the landslide mechanism can be generalized as accumulation and permeation of water to change the mechanical property of soil, reduce the shear strength of the soil and enable the slope body to easily slide or collapse. The conventional slope treatment mode is as follows: for sliding of the slope body, a slide-resistant pile can be added to the slope toe, and a retaining wall, such as a concrete retaining wall, a grout block Dan Dangqiang and the like, is added; concrete spraying can be adopted for slope anti-scouring, and measures such as slope rate reduction can be taken. The traditional support modes have the problems of complex structure, high construction difficulty and poor ecological effect, and the problems are still to be improved.

Disclosure of Invention

The utility model aims to overcome the defects in the background art, and provides an ecological support system suitable for a soil high slope, which reduces construction difficulty, improves stability, fully plays the ecological restoration role of soil and improves ecological effect.

The technical scheme adopted by the utility model is as follows: the ecological support system suitable for the soil high slope comprises a slope body reinforcing structure, a slope foot reinforcing structure and a drainage structure, wherein the slope body reinforcing structure comprises a backfill reinforced slope body and a plurality of stages of horse ways arranged on the slope surface; the toe reinforcement structure comprises a plurality of pile foundations buried in the soil layer and connecting beams poured on the tops of the pile foundations; vegetation for soil fixation and scour prevention is planted on the slope and the slope toe; the drainage structure comprises slope top drainage ditches arranged on two sides of a slope top road, horse road drainage ditches arranged on the inner sides of each level of horse roads and slope foot drainage ditches arranged on the slope feet, and a plurality of adjacent horse road drainage ditches are communicated through vertical drainage ditches arranged along a slope.

Preferably, the slope body is backfilled and reinforced by reinforced soil.

Preferably, each layer of reinforced soil is paved with a thickness not more than 30cm, and the geotechnical grids are paved fully every 1.0m thick, and overlap widths of the geotechnical grids are not less than 30cm.

Preferably, the pile foundation is a precast pile or a cast-in-place pile.

Preferably, the pile end is reserved with an extension steel bar with a pile diameter at least 1.0 times, and the extension steel bar and the connecting beam foundation are cast together.

Preferably, the slope roof drainage ditch and the slope foot drainage ditch adopt trapezoid drainage ditches poured by concrete.

Preferably, the horse drainage ditch and the vertical drainage ditch adopt U-shaped prefabricated drainage ditches.

Preferably, the pavement is paved with a foundation mat layer, and the foundation mat layer is paved with a reinforcing mesh and then poured with surface layer concrete.

Preferably, the vertical gutters are arranged at equal intervals.

The utility model has the following beneficial effects:

(1) The utility model creatively provides a design concept that a horizontal roadway drainage ditch and a vertical drainage ditch are communicated and connected, and catchments step by step, which is arranged on the whole slope at equal intervals, and timely discharges rainwater at the top, the slope and the slope feet, so as to fully ensure the efficient operation of the drainage structure of the soil high slope;

(2) On the premise of solving the soil slope drainage problem, the utility model adopts a more economical combination mode of the pile foundation and the connecting beam to replace the existing design of the pile foundation and the retaining wall or the pure retaining wall, thereby effectively saving the concrete consumption and improving the construction efficiency;

(3) According to the utility model, plants are planted on the soil high slope, the soil characteristics are fully utilized, the characteristics of strong roots of the plants, soil fixation and slope flushing resistance are brought into play, and the soil high slope is economic and attractive;

(4) The soil high-slope ecological support system is constructed by combining the measures of the drainage structure, the slope reinforcement structure, the slope toe reinforcement structure and the planted plants of the slope body, is suitable for supporting the high-slope of large and medium-sized projects, and has good application prospect.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a plan view of a structure of an embodiment of the present utility model.

FIG. 2 is a view showing a sectional structure of A-A in FIG. 1.

The drawings are as follows: drainage structure 1, slope roof drainage ditch 1.1, first-stage horse drainage ditch 1.2, second-stage horse drainage ditch 1.3, third-stage horse drainage ditch 1.4, slope foot drainage ditch 1.5, vertical drainage ditch 1.6, connecting beam 2.1, pile foundation 2.2, reinforced soil 2.3, horse road 2.4 and vegetation 3.

Detailed Description

The objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present utility model will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, but the present utility model is not limited to the following examples, for the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present utility model more clearly understood by those skilled in the art.

In the description of the present utility model, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "front", "rear", "both ends", "one end", "the other end", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific direction, be configured and operated in the specific direction, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present utility model.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the ecological supporting system for a soil high slope provided in this embodiment is mainly divided into a drainage structure 1, a slope reinforcement structure (including a slope reinforcement structure and a slope toe reinforcement structure), and ecological grass planting, and when implemented, the following procedures can be followed, the drainage structure 1: foundation lofting, slope top drainage ditch 1.1 excavation, concrete pouring, slope vertical drainage ditch 1.6 excavation and U-shaped prefabricated drainage ditch construction, horse drainage ditch excavation and U-shaped prefabricated drainage ditch construction, slope foot drainage ditch 1.5 excavation and concrete pouring; slope reinforcement structure: measuring and lofting, positioning a pile machine, piling a filling pile, constructing a connecting beam 2.1, backfilling earthwork (paving a geogrid), leveling a pavement 2.4 and repairing a slope; ecological grass planting: setting out in a grass planting area, manually planting grass and curing the grass.

The slope reinforcement structure comprises anti-slip reinforcement measures at the position of a slope toe, namely a slope toe reinforcement structure, and reinforcement measures for slope body filling, namely a slope body reinforcement structure. The slope reinforcement structure can integrally improve the anti-slip stability and the anti-lateral limit bearing capacity of the soil body and reduce the settlement and deformation of the soil body. Wherein, the toe reinforcing structure utilizes the bearing capacity of the pile foundation 2.2 to increase the stability of the toe by arranging the pile foundation 2.2 at the toe. Pile foundation 2.2 can adopt precast pile or bored concrete pile, and different projects can select appropriate pile foundation 2.2 forms according to specific geological conditions.

In order to reduce engineering cost, the pile top is provided with a reinforced concrete connecting beam 2.1 to replace a retaining wall, the overall stability of the supporting structure is enhanced, the connecting beam 2.1 connects pile foundations 2.2 to form an overall supporting system, and the rigidity and stability of the whole toe are improved through the combined action of the pile foundations 2.2 and the connecting beam 2.1. It should be noted that, in order to ensure that pile foundation 2.2 and connecting beam 2.1 act together, and at the same time, to increase the force transmission effect of the cast-in-place pile/precast pile, it is necessary to reserve at least 1.0 times pile diameter extension steel bar at pile end, and the extension steel bar should be cast together with the connecting beam 2.1 foundation.

The slope reinforcing structure comprises reinforced soil 2.3 backfilling and a pavement 2.4, wherein the reinforced soil 2.3 is a geotechnical material which is formed by adding one or more reinforced materials into a soil body so as to increase the tensile strength and the shear strength of the soil body and improve the overall stability and the bearing capacity of the soil body. The construction mode of the reinforced soil 2.3 is as follows: and selecting a proper backfill source, wherein the paving thickness of each layer is not more than 30cm, the geotechnical grids are required to be fully paved every 1.0m, the overlapping width of the geotechnical grids is not less than 30cm, each 1.0m backfill layer is required to be tested for compactness, and the stability of the soil high slope is effectively controlled by a reinforced soil 2.3 mode. The reinforced earth 2.3 may take the form of various reinforced materials such as steel bars, polymer fibres, synthetic fibre cloth etc. which can effectively disperse and resist stresses and deformations in the earth by forming a continuous reinforced system in the earth. The compaction requirement is strictly controlled to be not lower than 96% in the construction of the reinforced soil 2.3, meanwhile, the lap joint width of the geotechnical material strictly meets the tensile strength requirement, and each layer of geotechnical material is firmly and reliably paved without wrinkling and fracture phenomena.

Considering the stability problem of the soil high slope body, if the design is excessively pursued to reduce the slope rate, the land characterization problem is outstanding, and the field utilization rate cannot be guaranteed. For clay soil slope: the recommended ramp rate ranges from 2:1 to 3:1, i.e. the ratio of height to horizontal distance is between 1:2 and 1:3. The clay slope is relatively stable, but the problems of drainage and soil erosion still need to be considered. For sandy soil slope: the recommended ramp rate ranges from 1.5:1 to 2:1, i.e., the ratio of height to horizontal distance is between 1:1.5 and 1:2. The sandy soil side slope is easy to slide, and the steep slope rate is helpful for improving the stability of the side slope. For gravel soil slope: a steeper slope rate is typically required to ensure stability of the slope. The recommended ramp rate ranges from 1:1 to 1.5:1, i.e., the ratio of height to horizontal distance is between 1:1 and 1:1.5. The stability of the slope is relatively good due to the larger particles of gravel soil.

Under the condition of considering reasonable slope rate, the overall stability of the side slope can be improved by additionally arranging the catwalk 2.4, the width, gradient and material selection can be combined with the requirements of pedestrian traffic and mechanical equipment in-out, and the existing material with good durability, skid resistance and erosion resistance can be selected. The catwalk 2.4 is typically arranged along the horizontal direction of the side slope. The stability and geological conditions of the side slope should be considered in design, so that adverse effects of the horse road 2.4 on the stability of the side slope are avoided. The general pavement 2.4 is constructed by the following steps: and (3) after the slope is loosened, leveled and reinforced, the pavement 2.4 foundation cushion layer construction is started, then the reinforced mesh is paved, and then 15cm pavement 2.4 surface layer concrete is poured, so that the bearing capacity of the pavement 2.4 is improved.

The drainage structure 1 comprises slope top drainage ditches 1.1 arranged on two sides of a slope top road, horse road drainage ditches arranged on the inner sides of all levels of horse roads 2.4 and slope foot drainage ditches 1.5 arranged on the slope foot, a plurality of vertical drainage ditches 1.6 are communicated between adjacent horse road drainage ditches, each vertical drainage ditch 1.6 is communicated with the next level of horse road drainage ditches along a slope downwards after penetrating through the level of horse roads 2.4 from the previous level of horse road drainage ditches. Typically, the vertical gutters 1.6 are arranged at equal intervals. The slope roof drainage ditch 1.1 mainly bears drainage tasks such as rain collection on two sides and the upper part of a road, so that a trapezoid drainage ditch with a larger flow cross section is suggested to ensure that water flow can drain rapidly and is not seeped down to a foundation, and the concrete pouring of the slope roof drainage ditch 1.1 can be completed by adopting the modes of mechanical excavation, reinforcement binding and formwork erection. The vertical drainage ditch 1.6 is connected with a horse drainage ditch, and the convenience and easiness of construction of the vertical drainage ditch 1.6 are considered, so that a U-shaped prefabricated drainage ditch can be adopted to effectively guide water flow to the horse drainage ditch in the horizontal direction. The catwalk drains are arranged on catwalks 2.4 of different heights, so as shown in fig. 2, the catwalk drains are classified according to the catwalks 2.4, and can be divided into: the first-stage horse way drainage ditch 1.2, the second-stage horse way drainage ditch 1.3 and the third-stage horse way drainage ditch 1.4 consider the urgency of drainage construction, and the U-shaped prefabricated drainage ditch is recommended to be adopted. The catwalk drainage ditch and the vertical drainage ditch 1.6 concentrate the water flow of the slope to the position of the slope foot drainage ditch 1.5, consider that the rainwater of the slope foot is more collected, drain water as soon as possible, so the slope foot is provided with the cast-in-place drainage ditch 1.5, the recommended economic flow section is of a trapezoid section design, and the water flows into the rockfill area along the water reservoir (in the direction away from the field) with the gradient of 1%, and the water is drained after gravel filtration.

It should be pointed out that the slope top drainage ditch 1.1 has a larger flow cross section, and needs to rapidly and independently guide water flow from the slope top to two sides of the slope body and to be converged into the slope foot drainage ditch 1.5 so as to avoid water flow from leaking down along the slope surface; the water flow is led to the two sides of the slope body from the catwalk and is collected into the slope foot drainage ditch 1.5.

The ecological grass planting is characterized in that vegetation 3 is covered on the slope toe and the slope, the vegetation 3 selects grass seeds or plants with developed root systems, and the stability of the slope is improved through the soil fixing effect of the root systems. The vegetation 3 can effectively reduce the water erosion and soil erosion of the slope, and the whole slope has better ecological effect. In the design, the selection of grass seeds is described in detail, and grass seeds, gramineous plants, leguminous plants and the like are recommended to be selected in consideration of erosion resistance, growth speed, root development degree and influence on soil holding and consolidation ability of grass seeds according to local climate and soil conditions. During construction, the slope is subjected to proper soil treatment and improvement, so that the soil texture is ensured to be suitable for plant growth. Grass seeds are arranged at reasonable intervals, and generally can be planted in a planting or transplanting mode. For the practical experience of soil high slope combination, grass seeds can be arranged in a vertical and horizontal staggered mode so as to increase the coverage of the slope. The ecological grass planting needs maintenance management, so that the plants can grow and take root quickly. And (5) a proper amount of watering, regular trimming, weeding, fertilizing and the like are carried out during the grass planting period. Especially in the early stage of grass planting, the growth condition of the lawn is closely concerned, and the repair or repair measures are adopted in time, so that the ecological grass planting growth vigor is good before the coming of the rainy season, and the root system is fully fixed with soil. The ecological grass planting can slow down the water flow speed, prevent that the rivers from washing away soil, the soil fixation bank protection effect is showing, full play ecological restoration effect.

Aiming at the soil high slope, the utility model solves the drainage problems of the slope top, the slope surface and the slope foot, designs a slope top drainage ditch 1.1, a horse drainage ditch, a vertical drainage ditch 1.6 and a slope foot drainage ditch 1.5, ensures that water flow is smoothly discharged from the slope top and the slope surface, and leads out the whole field through the slope foot drainage ditch 1.5. The utility model mainly ensures the stability of the soil high slope by arranging the catwalk 2.4 and reasonable slope rate on the high slope, and provides a mode of adopting reinforced soil 2.3 to control the stability of the slope from a backfill source, and in addition, the slope toe adopts a combined mode of pile foundation 2.2 and connecting beam 2.1 to maintain the stability of the slope toe, so that the whole slope body and slope surface reinforcement measure are stable and reliable. The utility model fully plays the ecological restoration characteristic of soil, adopts grass planting measures on the slope surface, selects grass seeds with developed root systems, plays a good role in soil fixation and is ecological and attractive.

The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present utility model, and various modifications and changes will occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present utility model should be included in the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims (9)

1. An ecological support system suitable for soil property high side slope, its characterized in that: the system comprises a slope body reinforcing structure, a slope foot reinforcing structure and a drainage structure (1), wherein the slope body reinforcing structure comprises a backfill reinforced slope body and a plurality of stages of horse ways (2.4) arranged on the slope surface; the toe reinforcement structure comprises a plurality of pile foundations (2.2) buried in the soil layer and connecting beams (2.1) poured on the tops of the pile foundations (2.2); vegetation (3) for soil fixation and scour prevention are planted on the slope and the slope toe; the drainage structure (1) comprises slope top drainage ditches (1.1) arranged on two sides of a slope top road, horse road drainage ditches arranged on the inner sides of all levels of horse roads (2.4) and slope foot drainage ditches (1.5) arranged on the slope feet, and a plurality of adjacent horse road drainage ditches are communicated through vertical drainage ditches (1.6) arranged along a slope surface.

2. An ecological support system for a high soil slope according to claim 1, wherein: the slope body is backfilled and reinforced by reinforced soil (2.3).

3. An ecological support system for a high soil slope according to claim 2, wherein: the paving thickness of each layer of reinforced soil (2.3) is not more than 30cm, and the geotechnical grids are fully paved every 1.0m thick, and the overlapping width of the geotechnical grids is not less than 30cm.

4. An ecological support system for a high soil slope according to claim 1, wherein: the pile foundation (2.2) is a precast pile or a cast-in-place pile.

5. An ecological support system for a high soil slope according to claim 4, wherein: and an extension steel bar with a pile diameter which is at least 1.0 times of that of the pile end of the pile foundation (2.2) is reserved, and the extension steel bar and a foundation of the connecting beam (2.1) are poured together.

6. An ecological support system for a high soil slope according to claim 1, wherein: the slope roof drainage ditch (1.1) and the slope foot drainage ditch (1.5) adopt trapezoid drainage ditches poured by concrete.

7. An ecological support system for a high soil slope according to claim 1, wherein: the U-shaped prefabricated drainage ditch is adopted by the catwalk drainage ditch and the vertical drainage ditch (1.6).

8. An ecological support system for a high soil slope according to claim 1, wherein: the pavement (2.4) is paved with a foundation mat layer, and a surface layer concrete is poured after the reinforced mesh is paved on the foundation mat layer.

9. An ecological support system for a high soil slope according to claim 1, wherein: the vertical drainage ditches (1.6) are arranged at equal intervals.