CN220651752U - Sintered NdFeB permanent magnet - Google Patents
Sintered NdFeB permanent magnet Download PDFInfo
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- CN220651752U CN220651752U CN202322378564.6U CN202322378564U CN220651752U CN 220651752 U CN220651752 U CN 220651752U CN 202322378564 U CN202322378564 U CN 202322378564U CN 220651752 U CN220651752 U CN 220651752U
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- 229910001172 neodymium magnet Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 129
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 107
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- QJVKUMXDEUEQLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [B].[Fe].[Nd] Chemical compound [B].[Fe].[Nd] QJVKUMXDEUEQLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- OFNHPGDEEMZPFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphanylidynenickel Chemical compound [P].[Ni] OFNHPGDEEMZPFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910001096 P alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 17
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 199
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 28
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 28
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000001962 electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 7
- 150000002940 palladium Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 6
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium carbonate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N borane Chemical compound B UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 4
- KWSLGOVYXMQPPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2h-tetrazole Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=CC(C2=NNN=N2)=C1 KWSLGOVYXMQPPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910021626 Tin(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910001379 sodium hypophosphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000446313 Lamella Species 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical class [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000085 borane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(II) chloride Chemical group Cl[Pd]Cl PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 150000003017 phosphorus Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- TXUICONDJPYNPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N (1,10,13-trimethyl-3-oxo-4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl) heptanoate Chemical compound C1CC2CC(=O)C=C(C)C2(C)C2C1C1CCC(OC(=O)CCCCCC)C1(C)CC2 TXUICONDJPYNPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NWZSZGALRFJKBT-KNIFDHDWSA-N (2s)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid;(2s)-2-hydroxybutanedioic acid Chemical group OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O.NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O NWZSZGALRFJKBT-KNIFDHDWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GEZAUFNYMZVOFV-UHFFFAOYSA-J 2-[(2-oxo-1,3,2$l^{5},4$l^{2}-dioxaphosphastannetan-2-yl)oxy]-1,3,2$l^{5},4$l^{2}-dioxaphosphastannetane 2-oxide Chemical compound [Sn+2].[Sn+2].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O GEZAUFNYMZVOFV-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butoxyethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCO POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005536 corrosion prevention Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- TVQLLNFANZSCGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N disodium;dioxido(oxo)tin Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Sn]([O-])=O TVQLLNFANZSCGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- AIGRXSNSLVJMEA-FQEVSTJZSA-N ethoxy-(4-nitrophenoxy)-phenyl-sulfanylidene-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound O([P@@](=S)(OCC)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 AIGRXSNSLVJMEA-FQEVSTJZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrazine monohydrate Substances O.NN IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- UHZYTMXLRWXGPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus pentachloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)(Cl)(Cl)Cl UHZYTMXLRWXGPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FAIAAWCVCHQXDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus trichloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)Cl FAIAAWCVCHQXDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079864 sodium stannate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001119 stannous chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011150 stannous chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RCIVOBGSMSSVTR-UHFFFAOYSA-L stannous sulfate Chemical compound [SnH2+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RCIVOBGSMSSVTR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000375 tin(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The disclosure relates to a sintered neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnet, which comprises a sintered neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnet matrix, and an epoxy film layer, an intermediate film layer and a nickel-containing film layer which are sequentially laminated on the surface of the sintered neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnet matrix, wherein the intermediate film layer comprises a conductive resin film layer or a palladium activation layer. The sintered NdFeB permanent magnet provided by the disclosure has excellent corrosion resistance and wear resistance, has no magnetic closed circuit and magnetic shielding effect, and effectively prolongs the service life of the permanent magnet.
Description
Technical Field
The disclosure relates to the technical field of permanent magnets, in particular to a sintered NdFeB permanent magnet.
Background
The sintered NdFeB permanent magnet has excellent magnetic performance, and is widely applied to the fields of new energy automobiles, wind power generation, advanced medical treatment and the like. However, the permanent magnet has the defect of poor corrosion resistance, the service life of the permanent magnet is seriously influenced, and the stability and reliability of the permanent magnet product are reduced. It is therefore necessary to coat or apply a coating to protect the surface. There are many corrosion prevention methods for neodymium iron boron permanent magnets, among which there are various methods such as electroplating nickel, electroplating zinc, electroplating copper, phosphating, electrophoresis or coating epoxy resin paint to form an organic film layer. Under the conditions of acid, alkaline or other severe corrosion environments and surface insulation of the magnet, the neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnet generally adopts electrophoresis or coating to form an epoxy film layer, the process has little environmental pollution, and the epoxy film layer prepared by the process has high thickness consistency and excellent corrosion resistance such as acid resistance, alkali resistance and the like. However, the common epoxy film layer has poor wear resistance, so that the epoxy film layer cannot meet certain application scenes with high requirements on the strength of the film layer, and the application range of the epoxy film layer is limited. In order to improve the application breadth of the surface electrophoresis or the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet coated with the epoxy resin film layer, a method for improving the mechanical property of the epoxy resin film layer is needed to be found.
Disclosure of Invention
The sintered NdFeB permanent magnet has excellent corrosion resistance and wear resistance, has no magnetic closed circuit and magnetic shielding effect, and effectively prolongs the service life of the permanent magnet.
In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present disclosure provides a sintered neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnet, the sintered neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnet includes a sintered neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnet matrix and an epoxy film layer, an intermediate film layer and a nickel-containing film layer which are sequentially stacked and arranged on the surface of the sintered neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnet matrix, wherein the intermediate film layer includes a conductive resin film layer or a palladium activation layer.
Optionally, the thickness of the epoxy film layer is 10-25 μm, the thickness of the intermediate film layer is 0.5-10 μm, and the thickness of the nickel-containing film layer is 0.5-15 μm.
Optionally, the thickness ratio of the intermediate film layer to the epoxy film layer is 1: 4-1: 30.
optionally, the thickness ratio of the nickel-containing film layer to the epoxy film layer is 1: 3-1: 20.
optionally, the epoxy film layer comprises a first epoxy film layer and a second epoxy film layer, the first epoxy film layer is covered on the surface of the sintered neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnet, the second epoxy film layer is covered on the surface of the first epoxy film layer, and the middle film layer is covered on the surface of the second epoxy film layer; the surface roughness of the second epoxy film layer is larger than that of the first epoxy film layer.
Optionally, the thickness ratio of the first epoxy film layer to the second epoxy film layer is (1-5): 1.
alternatively, the thickness of the conductive resin film layer is 1 to 8 μm, and the thickness of the palladium activation layer is 0.5 to 5 μm.
Optionally, the conductive resin film layer includes a resin and a conductive metal powder, and the conductive metal powder has an average particle diameter of 1 to 5 μm.
Optionally, the nickel-containing film layer comprises a nickel-phosphorus alloy layer or a pure nickel layer.
Optionally, the surface hardness of the sintered NdFeB permanent magnet reaches 6H.
Through above-mentioned technical scheme, have epoxy rete, intermediate lamella and the nickel-containing rete that stacks gradually and set up on the sintered neodymium iron boron permanent magnet base member of this disclosure, can improve the loss of magnetic eddy current phenomenon to the permanent magnet that produces in the motor use, wherein the existence of intermediate lamella can solve epoxy rete resistance great, be unfavorable for forming the problem of nickel-containing rete. The sintered NdFeB permanent magnet provided by the disclosure has excellent corrosion resistance and wear resistance, has no magnetic closed circuit and magnetic shielding effect, and effectively prolongs the service life of the permanent magnet.
Additional features and advantages of the present disclosure will be set forth in the detailed description which follows.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate the disclosure and together with the description serve to explain, but do not limit the disclosure. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary structure of a sintered neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnet provided in embodiment 1 of the present disclosure;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary structure of a sintered neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnet provided in embodiment 2 of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
Specific embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating and illustrating the disclosure, are not intended to limit the disclosure.
In the present disclosure, unless otherwise indicated, the use of directional terms such as "upper, lower, left, right" generally refer to a direction or positional relationship shown based on the relationship of the drawings, i.e., left and right as viewed from the front, rather than to indicate or imply that the device or element in question must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present application. The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated.
The utility model provides a sintered neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnet, sintered neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnet includes sintered neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnet base member and stacks gradually and set up epoxy rete, intermediate rete and the nickel rete on the sintered neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnet base member surface, the intermediate rete includes conductive resin rete or palladium activation layer. The palladium activation layer is formed by activating the surface of the epoxy film layer by using palladium activation liquid containing palladium salt. The palladium activating solution comprises palladium salt, acid, stabilizer and water; the palladium salt is selected from palladium chloride and/or palladium sulfate, the acid is selected from one or more of hydrochloric acid, nitric acid and sulfuric acid, and the stabilizer is selected from one or more of tin salt, sodium salt, phosphorus salt, borane and hydrazine.
The sintered NdFeB permanent magnet matrix is provided with the epoxy film layer, the middle film layer and the nickel-containing film layer which are sequentially laminated, so that the loss of the permanent magnet caused by the magnetic eddy current phenomenon generated in the use of the motor can be improved, and the problem that the nickel-containing film layer is formed on the surface of the sintered NdFeB permanent magnet due to the fact that the surface resistance of the epoxy film layer is large and no metal active site exists can be solved by the aid of the middle film layer. The sintered NdFeB permanent magnet provided by the disclosure has excellent corrosion resistance and wear resistance, has no magnetic closed circuit and magnetic shielding effect, and effectively prolongs the service life of the permanent magnet.
In the specific embodiment, the tin salt in the stabilizer is selected from one or more of stannous chloride, stannous sulfate, sodium stannate and stannous pyrophosphate, the sodium salt is selected from one or more of sodium hypophosphite, sodium chloride, sodium nitrate, sodium sulfate and sodium carbonate, the phosphorus salt is selected from one or more of phosphorus trichloride, phosphorus pentachloride and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the borane is selected from one or more of diborane, ding Pengwan and pentaborane, and the hydrazine is selected from hydrazine hydrate. The existence of the stabilizer can improve the binding force of the palladium activation layer and the epoxy film layer.
In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the thickness of the epoxy film layer may be 10 to 25 μm, for example, 10 μm, 12.5 μm, 14 μm, 15.6 μm, 18 μm, 20.5 μm, 22.4 μm, 23.2 μm, 24.7 μm, or 25 μm, or a range between any two, preferably 15 to 25 μm; the thickness of the intermediate film layer may be, for example, 0.5 μm, 0.8 μm, 1 μm, 1.5 μm, 2 μm, 2.4 μm, 3 μm, 3.5 μm, 4.2 μm, 5 μm, 6.4 μm, 7 μm, 8 μm, 8.5 μm, 9 μm or 10 μm, or any range therebetween, and is preferably 1 to 8 μm or 0.5 to 5 μm; the thickness of the nickel-containing film layer may be, for example, 0.5 μm, 0.8 μm, 1 μm, 1.2 μm, 1.5 μm, 1.8 μm, 2 μm, 3.5 μm, 5 μm, 6.6 μm, 8 μm, 10.5 μm, 12.4 μm, 13.2 μm, 14.7 μm or 15 μm, or a range between any two, and preferably 0.5 to 8 μm. In the embodiment, the epoxy film layer, the intermediate film layer and the nickel-containing film layer with the optimal thickness are selected, so that the coating layer with the proper thickness can be formed on the surface of the permanent magnet matrix, the corrosion of salt mist to the permanent magnet can be slowed down, the corrosion resistance of the permanent magnet can be improved, the wear resistance of the permanent magnet can be improved, and the loss of the permanent magnet caused by the magnetic eddy current phenomenon generated in the use of the motor can be improved.
In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the thickness ratio of the intermediate film layer to the epoxy film layer is 1: 4-1: 30 may be, for example, 1:4, 1:5, 1:10, 1:12, 1:18, 1:20, 1:25 or 1:30, or a number therebetween.
In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the thickness ratio of the nickel-containing film layer to the epoxy film layer is 1: 3-1: 20, which may be, for example, 1:3, 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8.5, 1:9, 1:10, 1:12, 1:15, 1:18 or 1:20, or a number between any two of them, preferably 1: 3-1: 10. in the embodiment, the limited thickness ratio is selected, so that the corrosion resistance and wear resistance of the permanent magnet are further improved, and no magnetic closed circuit and magnetic shielding effect exist.
In one embodiment of the disclosure, the epoxy film layer comprises a first epoxy film layer and a second epoxy film layer, the first epoxy film layer covers the surface of the sintered neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnet, the second epoxy film layer covers the surface of the first epoxy film layer, and the middle film layer covers the surface of the second epoxy film layer; the surface roughness of the second epoxy film layer is larger than that of the first epoxy film layer. In the embodiment, two epoxy film layers with different surface roughness are selected, so that the mechanical strength of the epoxy film layers can be improved, the connection and fastening of the second epoxy film layer and the middle film layer are facilitated, the film-to-film bonding force of the epoxy film layer and the middle film layer is improved, and the overall corrosion resistance and wear resistance of the permanent magnet are further improved. Wherein the materials of the epoxy film layer, the first epoxy film layer and the second epoxy film layer are respectively and independently selected from epoxy film layer paint, and the epoxy film layer paint comprises 60-85 wt% of epoxy resin and the balance of water.
In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the thickness ratio of the first epoxy film layer to the second epoxy film layer is (1 to 5): 1, for example, the thickness ratio of the first epoxy film layer to the second epoxy film layer may be 1:1, 1.5:1, 2:1, 3:1, 3.8:1, 4:1, 4.2:1, 4.5:1, or 5:1. In the preferred embodiment, the first epoxy film layer and the second epoxy film layer have different thicknesses, and the thickness of the first epoxy film layer is larger than that of the second epoxy film layer, so that the corrosion resistance and the wear resistance of the permanent magnet are further improved.
In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the intermediate film layer is a conductive resin film layer, and the thickness of the conductive resin film layer is 1 to 8 μm, for example, may be 1 μm, 1.5 μm, 1.8 μm, 2 μm, 2.4 μm, 3 μm, 3.5 μm, 4 μm, 5 μm, 6.2 μm, 6.5 μm, 7 μm, or 8 μm, or a value between any two thereof, preferably 1 to 5 μm. The conductive resin film layer includes a resin and a conductive metal powder having an average particle diameter of 1 to 5 μm, for example, the conductive metal powder may have an average particle diameter of 1 μm, 1.5 μm, 2 μm, 2.6 μm, 3 μm, 3.5 μm, 4 μm, 4.2 μm, 4.5 μm, or 5 μm. The material forming the conductive resin film layer is selected from a conductive resin solution, which may include a resin, a conductive metal powder, and a solvent; the resin can be one or more selected from acrylic resin, epoxy resin, polysulfone resin, polypropylene resin and fluororesin, the conductive metal powder can be one or more selected from copper, zinc, aluminum and nickel, and the solvent can be one or more selected from water, ethanol and acetone. In the embodiment, the conductive resin film layer has good conductivity, and is favorable for solving the problems that the resistance of the epoxy film layer is large and the nickel layer is unfavorable to be formed.
In another embodiment, the intermediate film layer is a palladium activation layer having a thickness of 0.5 to 5 μm, for example, 0.5 μm, 0.8 μm, 1 μm, 1.5 μm, 2 μm, 2.5 μm, 3 μm, 3.5 μm, 4 μm or 5 μm, or a value between any two thereof, preferably 0.5 to 3.5 μm. In the embodiment, the palladium activation layer has good catalytic activity, can provide active sites for the subsequent nickel-containing film layer, and is favorable for stably adsorbing metallic nickel on the surface of the epoxy film layer.
In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the nickel-containing film layer comprises a nickel-phosphorus alloy layer or a pure nickel layer. Specifically, the nickel-containing film layer may be a nickel-phosphorus alloy layer formed by electroless nickel-phosphorus plating, or may be a pure nickel layer formed by electroplating nickel.
In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the sintered neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnet has a surface hardness of up to 6H. The sintered NdFeB permanent magnet has higher mechanical strength and better wear resistance.
The present disclosure is further illustrated by the following examples, but the present disclosure is not limited thereby. The starting materials used in the examples are all available commercially.
Example 1
(1) Performing alkali washing, acid washing and water washing (i.e. pretreatment) on the sintered NdFeB permanent magnet matrix to obtain a pretreated permanent magnet matrix; wherein the alkali used for alkali washing is as follows: 10g/L of sodium carbonate and 10g/L of sodium hydroxide, wherein the alkaline washing temperature is 60 ℃, the alkaline washing time is 15min, the acid used for acid washing is dilute nitric acid, the acid washing temperature is 30 ℃, the acid washing time is 60s, and the water used for water washing is deionized water;
(2) Forming an epoxy film layer on the surface of the pretreated permanent magnet matrix, specifically, electrophoresis of epoxy resin paint on the surface of the pretreated permanent magnet matrix, and curing to form the epoxy film layer; treating the formed epoxy film layer by adopting isopropanol (organic solvent) to obtain a treated permanent magnet; the treatment temperature is 30 ℃ and the treatment time is 15min; wherein the epoxy resin paint comprises 80wt% of epoxy resin and the balance of water;
(3) Dipping the surface of the treated permanent magnet in a conductive resin solution, and drying the surface to obtain a permanent magnet covered with an intermediate film layer (conductive resin film layer); the dip-coating temperature is 30 ℃ and the dip-coating time is 30s; drying at 50deg.C for 30min;
wherein the conductive resin solution comprises epoxy resin, copper powder (conductive metal powder) and water (solvent), the concentration of the epoxy resin in the conductive resin solution is 16g/L, the concentration of the conductive metal powder is 200g/L, and the weight ratio of the epoxy resin to the conductive metal powder is 1:12.5, the average particle size of the conductive metal powder is 4 mu m, and the viscosity of the conductive resin solution at 25 ℃ is 8 mPa.s;
(4) Activating the surface of the permanent magnet covered with the conductive resin film layer by adopting an activating solution, wherein the activating solution comprises 1.5% of nitric acid by mass percent, and the activating treatment temperature is 30 ℃ and the activating time is 10s; after water washing, the permanent magnet covered with the conductive resin film layer is placed in a nickel-containing plating solution for nickel electroplating, so that the permanent magnet covered with the nickel-containing film layer (pure nickel layer) is formed.
The prepared sintered NdFeB permanent magnet is shown in figure 1, and comprises a sintered NdFeB permanent magnet matrix 1, and an epoxy film layer 2, an intermediate film layer 3 (a conductive resin film layer) and a nickel-containing film layer 4 (a pure nickel layer) which are sequentially laminated on the surface of the sintered NdFeB permanent magnet matrix, wherein the thickness of the epoxy film layer 2 is 20 mu m, the thickness of the intermediate film layer 3 is 4 mu m, and the thickness of the nickel-containing film layer 4 is 3 mu m; the thickness ratio of the intermediate film layer 3 to the epoxy film layer 2 is 1:5, the thickness ratio of the nickel-containing film layer 4 to the epoxy film layer 2 is 1:6.67.
example 2
The same as in example 1, the only difference is that:
(2) Forming two epoxy film layers on the surface of the pretreated permanent magnet matrix, specifically, electrophoresis first epoxy resin paint on the surface of the pretreated permanent magnet, and first curing the first epoxy resin paint to form a first epoxy film layer; electrophoresis is carried out on the surface of the first epoxy film layer by second epoxy resin paint, and second solidification is carried out on the second epoxy resin paint to form a second epoxy film layer; adopting ethylene glycol butyl ether (organic solvent) to treat the formed second epoxy film layer to obtain a treated permanent magnet; wherein the first curing temperature is 150 ℃; the time is 30min; the second curing temperature was 80℃for 30min. Wherein the first epoxy resin paint and the second epoxy resin paint each comprise 80wt% of epoxy resin and the balance water;
the prepared sintered NdFeB permanent magnet is shown in FIG. 2, and comprises a sintered NdFeB permanent magnet matrix 1, and a first epoxy film 201, a second epoxy film 202, an intermediate film 3 (conductive resin film) and a nickel-containing film 4 (pure nickel layer) which are sequentially laminated on the surface of the sintered NdFeB permanent magnet matrix, wherein the epoxy film 2 comprises the first epoxy film 201 and the second epoxy film 202, the thickness of the epoxy film 2 is 20 mu m, the thickness of the first epoxy film 201 is 16 mu m, and the thickness of the second epoxy film 202 is 4 mu m; the thickness ratio of the first epoxy film 201 to the second epoxy film 202 is 4:1, a step of; the thickness of the middle film layer 3 is 4 mu m, and the thickness of the nickel-containing film layer 4 is 3 mu m; the thickness ratio of the intermediate film layer 3 to the epoxy film layer 2 is 1:5, the thickness ratio of the nickel-containing film layer 4 to the epoxy film layer 2 is 1:6.67.
example 3
(1) Performing alkali washing, acid washing and water washing (i.e. pretreatment) on the sintered NdFeB permanent magnet matrix to obtain a pretreated permanent magnet matrix; wherein the alkali used for alkali washing is as follows: 10g/L of sodium carbonate and 10g/L of sodium hydroxide, wherein the alkaline washing temperature is 60 ℃, the alkaline washing time is 15min, the acid used for acid washing is dilute nitric acid, the acid washing temperature is 30 ℃, the acid washing time is 60s, and the water used for water washing is deionized water;
(2) Forming an epoxy film layer on the surface of the pretreated permanent magnet matrix, specifically, electrophoresis of epoxy resin paint on the surface of the pretreated permanent magnet matrix, and curing to form the epoxy film layer; treating the formed epoxy film layer by adopting isopropanol (organic solvent) to obtain a treated permanent magnet; the treatment temperature is 30 ℃ and the treatment time is 15min; wherein the epoxy resin paint comprises 80wt% of epoxy resin and the balance of water;
(3) Placing the treated permanent magnet into palladium activating solution for activating treatment to form a palladium activating layer, wherein the activating treatment temperature is 30 ℃ and the activating treatment time is 15s; the palladium activation solution comprises palladium salt, hydrochloric acid and water, wherein the palladium salt is purchased from Ensen chemical Co, the product model is JS PD-633 (the main component of the palladium salt is palladium chloride), the concentration of the palladium salt is 0.5g/L, the concentration of the hydrochloric acid is 50mL/L, the balance is water, and the mass fraction of the hydrochloric acid is 37%;
(4) Cleaning the surface of the permanent magnet covered with the palladium activation layer by using a sulfuric acid solution with the mass fraction of 1.5% and water, wherein the cleaning temperature is 25 ℃; placing the obtained permanent magnet coated with the palladium activation layer into a plating solution containing nickel sulfate and sodium hypophosphite for chemical nickel-phosphorus plating, wherein the concentration of the nickel sulfate in the plating solution is 6g/L, the concentration of the sodium hypophosphite is 30g/L, the pH value of the plating solution is 4.8, the temperature is 86 ℃, and the time of chemical plating is 20min; a permanent magnet covered with a nickel-containing film layer (nickel-phosphorus alloy layer) is formed.
The prepared sintered NdFeB permanent magnet comprises a sintered NdFeB permanent magnet matrix, and an epoxy film layer, an intermediate film layer (palladium activation layer) and a nickel-containing film layer (nickel-phosphorus alloy layer) which are sequentially laminated on the surface of the sintered NdFeB permanent magnet matrix, wherein the thickness of the epoxy film layer is 20 mu m, and the thickness of the intermediate film layer is 1 mu m; the thickness of the nickel-containing film layer is 5 mu m; the thickness ratio of the intermediate film layer to the epoxy film layer is 1:20, the thickness ratio of the nickel-containing film layer to the epoxy film layer is 1:4.
example 4
The same as in example 3, the only difference is that:
(2) Forming an epoxy film layer on the surface of the pretreated permanent magnet, specifically spraying first epoxy resin paint on the surface of the pretreated permanent magnet, and performing first curing on the first epoxy resin paint to form the first epoxy film layer; spraying a second epoxy resin paint on the surface of the first epoxy film layer, performing second curing on the second epoxy resin paint to form a second epoxy film layer, and treating the formed second epoxy film layer by adopting isopropanol to obtain a permanent magnet covered with the epoxy film layer; wherein the first curing temperature is 150 ℃; the time is 30min; the second curing temperature was 80℃for 30min. Wherein the first epoxy resin paint and the second epoxy resin paint each comprise 80wt% epoxy resin and the balance water;
the prepared sintered NdFeB permanent magnet comprises a sintered NdFeB permanent magnet matrix, a first epoxy film layer, a second epoxy film layer, an intermediate film layer (palladium activation layer) and a nickel-containing film layer (nickel-phosphorus alloy layer) which are sequentially stacked, wherein the epoxy film layer comprises a first epoxy film layer and a second epoxy film layer, the thickness of the epoxy film layer is 20 mu m, the thickness of the first epoxy film layer is 15 mu m, and the thickness of the second epoxy film layer is 5 mu m; the thickness ratio of the first epoxy film layer to the second epoxy film layer is 3:1, a step of; the thickness of the middle film layer is 1 mu m, and the thickness of the nickel-containing film layer is 5 mu m; the thickness ratio of the intermediate film layer to the epoxy film layer is 1:20, the thickness ratio of the nickel-containing film layer to the epoxy film layer is 1:4.
comparative example 1
The same as in example 1, the only difference is that: and (3) directly electroplating nickel on the surface of the permanent magnet coated with the epoxy film layer without performing the step (3), wherein the prepared sintered NdFeB permanent magnet comprises a sintered NdFeB permanent magnet matrix, the epoxy film layer and a nickel-containing film layer (pure nickel layer) which are sequentially laminated.
Comparative example 2
The same as in example 3, the only difference is that: and (3) not performing the step (3), and directly chemically plating nickel and phosphorus on the surface of the permanent magnet coated with the epoxy film layer, wherein the prepared sintered NdFeB permanent magnet comprises a sintered NdFeB permanent magnet matrix, the epoxy film layer and a nickel-containing film layer (nickel-phosphorus alloy layer) which are sequentially stacked.
Test case
The sintered NdFeB permanent magnet workpieces prepared in the examples and the comparative examples are tested for corrosion resistance, wear resistance and film interlayer binding force, and the surface roughness of the treated permanent magnet is tested under the following conditions:
the corrosion resistance of the workpiece to be tested is tested by adopting a neutral salt spray test, and the specific test conditions are as follows: and placing the workpiece to be tested in a specific test box, spraying salt water containing 50+/-5 g/L of sodium chloride and having a pH value of 6.5-7.2 through a spraying device, depositing salt mist on the workpiece to be tested, and observing the surface corrosion state of the workpiece at intervals of 12 hours.
The film interlayer bonding force of the workpiece to be tested is tested by adopting a high-low temperature alternating test, and the specific test conditions are as follows: placing a workpiece to be tested in a test box, keeping the temperature at the low temperature of-40 ℃ for 40min, keeping the temperature at the room temperature of 20 ℃ for 2min, keeping the temperature at the high temperature of 160 ℃ for 40min, circulating for 300 times, and recovering the actual conversion time from the high temperature to the low temperature for about 2min at the room temperature under the atmospheric condition for 1h after the test is finished, and observing.
The surface roughness of the treated permanent magnet is characterized by measuring the roughness Ra, the treated permanent magnet is obtained by adopting an organic solvent for treatment in the step (2), and the specific test conditions are as follows: the average of the roughness values of multiple groups (e.g., three groups) is measured at different sampling areas of the workpiece to be measured.
Film thickness test: the average value of multiple (e.g., three) sets of thicknesses is measured at different sampling areas of the workpiece to be measured.
The abrasion resistance of the workpiece to be tested is tested through a pencil scratch test, and a specific test method is referred to GB/T6739-1996. The results are shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1
As can be seen from the data in the table above, compared with comparative examples 1-2, the sintered NdFeB permanent magnets of examples 1-4 have an intermediate film layer between the epoxy film layer and the nickel-containing film layer, so that the permanent magnets have better film-to-film bonding force, higher corrosion resistance and wear resistance, and the corrosion resistance and wear resistance are obviously improved.
The preferred embodiments of the present disclosure have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present disclosure is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications may be made to the technical solutions of the present disclosure within the scope of the technical concept of the present disclosure, and all the simple modifications belong to the protection scope of the present disclosure.
In addition, the specific features described in the foregoing embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner, and in order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present disclosure does not further describe various possible combinations.
Moreover, any combination between the various embodiments of the present disclosure is possible as long as it does not depart from the spirit of the present disclosure, which should also be construed as the disclosure of the present disclosure.
Claims (10)
1. The sintered NdFeB permanent magnet is characterized by comprising a sintered NdFeB permanent magnet matrix, and an epoxy film layer, an intermediate film layer and a nickel-containing film layer which are sequentially laminated on the surface of the sintered NdFeB permanent magnet matrix, wherein the intermediate film layer comprises a conductive resin film layer or a palladium activation layer.
2. The sintered neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnet according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the epoxy film layer is 10-25 μm, the thickness of the intermediate film layer is 0.5-10 μm, and the thickness of the nickel-containing film layer is 0.5-15 μm.
3. The sintered neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnet of claim 2, wherein a thickness ratio of the intermediate film layer to the epoxy film layer is 1: 4-1: 30.
4. the sintered neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnet of claim 2, wherein a thickness ratio of the nickel-containing film layer to the epoxy film layer is 1: 3-1: 20.
5. the sintered neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnet of claim 1, wherein the epoxy film layer comprises a first epoxy film layer and a second epoxy film layer, the first epoxy film layer covers the surface of the sintered neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnet, the second epoxy film layer covers the surface of the first epoxy film layer, and the intermediate film layer covers the surface of the second epoxy film layer;
the surface roughness of the second epoxy film layer is larger than that of the first epoxy film layer.
6. The sintered neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnet according to claim 5, wherein the thickness ratio of the first epoxy film layer to the second epoxy film layer is (1 to 5): 1.
7. the sintered neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnet according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the conductive resin film layer is 1 to 8 μm, and the thickness of the palladium activation layer is 0.5 to 5 μm.
8. The sintered neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnet according to claim 7, wherein the conductive resin film layer comprises a resin and a conductive metal powder, and the conductive metal powder has an average particle diameter of 1 to 5 μm.
9. The sintered neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnet of claim 1, wherein the nickel-containing film layer comprises a nickel-phosphorus alloy layer or a pure nickel layer.
10. The sintered neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnet according to claim 1, wherein the surface hardness of the sintered neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnet is up to 6H.
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