CN220604723U - Hydrogen circulation system of hydrogen fuel cell - Google Patents

Hydrogen circulation system of hydrogen fuel cell Download PDF

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Publication number
CN220604723U
CN220604723U CN202322133582.8U CN202322133582U CN220604723U CN 220604723 U CN220604723 U CN 220604723U CN 202322133582 U CN202322133582 U CN 202322133582U CN 220604723 U CN220604723 U CN 220604723U
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hydrogen
fuel cell
steam
valve
water separator
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池滨
杨强
曹加鹏
鲁亮
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Guangdong Yuntao Hydrogen Technology Co ltd
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Guangdong Yuntao Hydrogen Technology Co ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells

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Abstract

The utility model belongs to the field of hydrogen fuel cell systems and control, and particularly discloses a hydrogen circulation system of a hydrogen fuel cell. The hydrogen circulation system of the hydrogen fuel cell comprises a hydrogen cylinder, a hydrogen inlet valve, a proportional valve, a fuel cell stack, a hydrogen circulation pump, a steam-water separator, an exhaust valve, a drain valve, a pressure sensor, a hydrogen concentration sensor and a liquid level sensor. In the utility model, a drain valve and an exhaust valve are added in the steam-water separator of the hydrogen tail row, and a hydrogen concentration sensor and a liquid level sensor are added in the steam-water separator, so that the accurate monitoring of the hydrogen concentration and the water quantity in the gas circuit is realized. The utility model can effectively improve the utilization rate of the hydrogen fuel cell system and reduce the hydrogen consumption of the system.

Description

Hydrogen circulation system of hydrogen fuel cell
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the field of hydrogen circulation systems and control methods of hydrogen fuel cells, and particularly relates to a hydrogen circulation system of a hydrogen fuel cell and a control method of exhaust and drainage of the hydrogen fuel cell.
Background
The hydrogen fuel cell is a power generation device capable of converting chemical energy of hydrogen into electric energy through catalytic reaction, has the advantages of high energy conversion efficiency, zero pollution, low noise and the like, and has very wide application prospect. In particular, after our country has set forth the "two carbon" goal, hydrogen fuel cells have become a market "hot spot", particularly in the automotive field, and are considered to be an important way of reducing carbon emissions.
The hydrogen fuel cell system is formed by combining a fuel cell stack, a hydrogen circulation system, an air supply system, a cooling circulation system and an electric control system. Hydrogen is used as fuel for hydrogen fuel cells, and the supply and circulation modes of the hydrogen are critical to the system, so that the design and control of a hydrogen circulation system can influence the high-performance and high-stability output of the fuel cells.
In the operation process of the hydrogen fuel cell system, a large amount of water is generated by the cathode reaction, and the water generated by the reaction can be diffused to the anode side of the fuel cell, so that a large amount of water is easy to accumulate in the anode gas circuit, and the anode is flooded when serious, so that the stable operation of the fuel cell is directly affected. On the other hand, because the concentration difference exists between the gas components of the anode and the cathode in the reaction process of the fuel cell, nitrogen on the cathode side permeates to the anode through the proton exchange membrane, so that the concentration of the nitrogen in an anode gas path is increased, the gas on the anode side is circulated through a hydrogen circulating pump or an ejector, and under the operation condition, the nitrogen on the anode side is continuously accumulated, so that the concentration of the hydrogen is reduced, and the reaction rate on the anode side is influenced.
In order to solve the problem in the hydrogen circulation system, the current common adopted mode is to add a steam-water separator in the hydrogen circulation system and adopt a hydrogen path to intermittently exhaust and drain water. The nitrogen and water content in the hydrogen circulation system is controlled by adjusting the discharge frequency of the gas and water discharge valve. However, this approach has drawbacks: 1. the content of nitrogen and water in the hydrogen path cannot be quantitatively monitored; 2. the emission of gas and water can not be accurately realized, and the risks of too high nitrogen concentration and too high water content still exist; 3. the utilization rate of hydrogen is low, and the hydrogen consumption of the system is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the utility model provides a hydrogen circulation system of a hydrogen fuel cell and a control method of exhaust and drainage thereof, wherein a drain valve and an exhaust valve are added in a steam-water separator of a hydrogen tail row, and a hydrogen concentration sensor and a liquid level sensor are added in the steam-water separator to realize accurate monitoring of the hydrogen concentration and the water quantity in a gas path. And meanwhile, the exhaust valve and the drain valve are controlled through the feedback of the hydrogen concentration sensor and the liquid level sensor so as to reasonably drain nitrogen and water in the gas path, ensure the stable operation of the fuel cell, improve the utilization rate of hydrogen and reduce the hydrogen consumption of the system.
The technical scheme of the utility model is as follows.
The system comprises a hydrogen cylinder, a hydrogen inlet valve, a proportional valve, a fuel cell stack, a hydrogen circulating pump and a steam-water separator; the outlet of the hydrogen cylinder is connected with the inlet of the hydrogen inlet valve, the outlet of the hydrogen inlet valve is connected with the inlet of the proportional valve, the outlet of the proportional valve is respectively connected with the inlet of the fuel cell stack and the outlet of the hydrogen circulating pump, the outlet of the fuel cell stack is connected with the inlet of the steam-water separator, the hydrogen return port of the steam-water separator is connected with the inlet of the hydrogen circulating pump, the gas outlet of the steam-water separator is connected with the inlet of the gas outlet valve, and the water outlet of the steam-water separator is connected with the inlet of the water outlet valve;
the steam-water separator consists of a hydrogen concentration sensor, a liquid level sensor, an exhaust valve, a water diversion structure and a drain valve; in the water diversion structure, a hydrogen concentration sensor is arranged at the upper part, and a liquid level sensor is arranged in the water diversion structure; the exhaust outlet of the water diversion structure is connected with the inlet of the exhaust valve, and the bottom of the water diversion structure is connected with a drain valve.
Further, the utility model also includes a first pressure sensor; the first pressure sensor is arranged on a pipeline between the hydrogen inlet valve and the proportional valve.
Further, the utility model also includes a second pressure sensor; the second pressure sensor is arranged on a pipeline between the proportional valve and the fuel cell stack.
Further, the utility model also includes a third pressure sensor; the third pressure sensor is arranged on a pipeline between the fuel cell stack and the steam-water separator.
Further, in the steam-water separator, the air inlet and the air outlet are arranged on the side surface of the steam-water separator, the water outlet is arranged on the lower part of the steam-water separator, and the hydrogen return port is arranged on the upper part of the steam-water separator.
A control method for exhausting and draining water of hydrogen fuel cell system is characterized by that the concentration of hydrogen in the tail draining end of hydrogen channel is monitored to control the opening and closing of exhaust valve of steam-water separator. The opening and closing of the drain valve of the steam-water separator is controlled by monitoring the water level in the steam-water separator at the tail discharge end of the hydrogen gas path (as shown in fig. 2 and 3).
In the above method, the monitoring of the hydrogen concentration in the steam-water separator controls the opening and closing of the exhaust valve of the steam-water separator, and includes the following steps:
after the fuel cell system is started, a hydrogen inlet valve in a hydrogen circulation system is opened, a hydrogen circulation pump is started, a proportional valve adjusts the opening of the valve according to the power requirement of the system, and when the pressure sensor detects that the pressure reaches a requirement point, the opening of the proportional valve is not changed any more; after the system is initially operated to rated power, the fuel cell controller monitors the hydrogen concentration a1 in the steam-water separator through a hydrogen concentration sensor; in the stable running process of the system, the fuel cell controller monitors the concentration of hydrogen in the steam-water separator to be a2 through the hydrogen concentration sensor, and when (a 1-a 2)/a 1 exceeds a certain value, the exhaust valve of the steam-water separator is controlled to be opened for a certain time t1 for exhausting; in the process, the hydrogen circulating pump adjusts the rotating speed, the proportional valve adjusts the opening of the valve to adjust the pressure of hydrogen in the pipeline, the pipeline pressure is kept stable, and after the pipeline pressure is stable, the hydrogen pump and the proportional valve are adjusted back to set parameters.
In the method, the ratio of (a 1-a 2)/a 1 is more than or equal to 10 percent and less than or equal to 30 percent, and t1 is more than or equal to 1s and less than or equal to 5s;
in the method, the step of monitoring the liquid level of the water in the steam-water separator to control the opening and closing of the drain valve of the steam-water separator comprises the following steps:
after the fuel cell system is started, a hydrogen inlet valve in a hydrogen circulation system is opened, a hydrogen circulation pump is started, a proportional valve adjusts the opening of the valve according to the power requirement of the system, and when the pressure sensor detects that the pressure reaches a requirement point, the opening of the proportional valve is not changed any more; in the stable running process of the system, the fuel cell controller monitors that the liquid level of water in the steam-water separator is more than or equal to h through the liquid level sensor, and then controls a drainage valve of the steam-water separator to be opened for a certain time t2 for drainage; in the process, the hydrogen circulating pump adjusts the rotating speed, the proportional valve adjusts the opening of the valve to adjust the pressure of hydrogen in the pipeline, the pipeline pressure is kept stable, and after the pipeline pressure is stable, the hydrogen pump and the proportional valve are adjusted back to set parameters.
In the method, L/3 is less than or equal to h is less than or equal to L/2, L is the maximum height of the liquid level of the steam-water separator, and t1 is less than or equal to 1s and less than or equal to 5s.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the advantages that:
1. by adding the exhaust valve and the drain valve in the steam-water separator in the hydrogen circulation system, the functions of independent exhaust and drainage can be realized, and the risk that nitrogen cannot be discharged due to the fact that only the drain valve is arranged is avoided;
2. by adding the hydrogen concentration sensor and the liquid level sensor in the steam-water separator in the hydrogen circulation system, the accurate monitoring of the hydrogen concentration and the water content in the gas circuit can be realized, and the optimization of the control strategy of the hydrogen circulation system is facilitated;
3. in the operation process of the hydrogen fuel cell system, the control of the exhaust valve of the hydrogen path is carried out through the feedback of the hydrogen concentration sensor in the steam-water separator of the hydrogen circulation system, so that the concentration of hydrogen in the hydrogen path can be accurately ensured, the reaction is ensured, and the operation stability of the fuel cell is improved;
4. in the running process of the hydrogen fuel cell system, the control of the water draining valve of the hydrogen path is carried out through the feedback of the liquid level sensor in the steam-water separator of the hydrogen circulation system, so that the water content in the gas path can be accurately controlled, the flooding condition of the anode is avoided, and the consistency and the output power of the electric pile are ensured;
5. by the design and control method of the hydrogen circulation system, the exhaust and drainage gaps of the hydrogen path can be accurately controlled, the hydrogen utilization rate is improved, and the hydrogen consumption of the system operation is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a hydrogen circulation system of a hydrogen fuel cell;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for controlling the exhaust gas of a hydrogen circulation system of a hydrogen fuel cell;
fig. 3 is a flow chart of a method for controlling the water discharge of a hydrogen circulation system of a hydrogen fuel cell.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the difference between the fuel cell stacks of the example and the comparative example and the hydrogen utilization ratio.
The individual components in the figure are as follows:
the hydrogen gas cylinder 1, a hydrogen inlet valve 2, a first pressure sensor 3, a proportional valve 4, a second pressure sensor 5, a hydrogen circulating pump 6, a hydrogen concentration sensor 7, a liquid level sensor 8, an exhaust valve 9, a water diversion structure 10, a drain valve 11, a third pressure sensor 12, a fuel cell stack 13 and a steam-water separator 14.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the utility model is further described below by the specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
The present embodiment provides a hydrogen circulation system (the structure of which is shown in fig. 1, and the air supply system and the cooling circulation system are not shown in the figure) of a hydrogen fuel cell, which comprises a hydrogen cylinder 1, a hydrogen inlet valve 2, a proportional valve 4, a fuel cell stack 13, a hydrogen circulation pump 6, a steam-water separator 14, an exhaust valve 9, a drain valve 11, a first pressure sensor 3, a second pressure sensor 5, a third pressure sensor 12, a hydrogen concentration sensor 7 and a liquid level sensor 8. The outlet of the hydrogen cylinder 1 is connected with the inlet of the hydrogen inlet valve 2, the outlet of the hydrogen inlet valve 2 is connected with the inlet of the proportional valve 4, the outlet of the proportional valve 4 is respectively connected with the inlet of the fuel cell stack 13 and the outlet of the hydrogen circulating pump 6, the outlet of the fuel cell stack 13 is connected with the inlet of the steam-water separator, the hydrogen return port of the steam-water separator is connected with the inlet of the hydrogen circulating pump 6, the exhaust outlet of the steam-water separator is connected with the inlet of the exhaust valve 9, and the drain outlet of the steam-water separator is connected with the inlet of the drain valve 11; the steam-water separator consists of a hydrogen concentration sensor 7, a liquid level sensor 8, an exhaust valve 9, a water diversion structure 10 and a drain valve 11; in the water diversion structure 10, a hydrogen concentration sensor 7 is arranged at the upper part, and a liquid level sensor 8 is arranged in the water diversion structure; the exhaust outlet of the water diversion structure 10 is connected with the inlet of the exhaust valve 9, and the bottom of the water diversion structure 10 is connected with a drain valve 11. The first pressure sensor 3 is arranged on a pipeline between the hydrogen inlet valve 2 and the proportional valve 4. The second pressure sensor 5 is arranged on the pipe between the proportional valve 4 and the fuel cell stack 13. The third pressure sensor 12 is arranged on the pipe between the fuel cell stack 13 and the steam-water separator.
Examples 2 to 4 each employ the hydrogen circulation system of the hydrogen fuel cell in this example.
Example 2
The present embodiment provides a method for controlling exhaust of a hydrogen circulation system of a hydrogen fuel cell, which adopts the hydrogen circulation system of a hydrogen fuel cell described in embodiment 1. The fuel cell system is started, a hydrogen inlet valve in the hydrogen circulation system is opened, a hydrogen circulation pump is started, the proportional valve adjusts the opening of the valve according to the power requirement of the system, and when the pressure sensor detects that the pressure reaches the requirement point, the opening of the proportional valve is not changed any more. After the system is initially operated to rated power, the fuel cell controller monitors that the hydrogen concentration in the steam-water separator is 90% through a hydrogen concentration sensor; in the stable running process of the system, the fuel cell controller monitors that the concentration of hydrogen in the steam-water separator is 70 percent through the hydrogen concentration sensor, and the exhaust valve of the steam-water separator is controlled to be opened for 2s for exhaust because (90% -70%)/70% > is more than or equal to 20%; in the process, the hydrogen circulating pump adjusts the rotating speed, the proportional valve adjusts the opening of the valve to adjust the pressure of hydrogen in the pipeline, the pipeline pressure is kept stable, and after the pipeline pressure is stable, the hydrogen pump and the proportional valve are adjusted back to set parameters. As shown in the figure, the implementation of the embodiment has the advantages that the average difference of the fuel cell stacks is 23mV, the hydrogen utilization rate is 97%, and compared with the comparative example, the average difference and the hydrogen utilization rate are improved, so that the smaller the average difference is, the better the uniformity of the stacks is.
Example 3
The present embodiment provides a method for controlling drainage of a hydrogen circulation system of a hydrogen fuel cell, which adopts the hydrogen circulation system of a hydrogen fuel cell described in embodiment 1. The fuel cell system is started, a hydrogen inlet valve in the hydrogen circulation system is opened, a hydrogen circulation pump is started, the proportional valve adjusts the opening of the valve according to the power requirement of the system, and when the pressure sensor detects that the pressure reaches the requirement point, the opening of the proportional valve is not changed any more. In the stable running process of the system, the fuel cell controller monitors the liquid level h of water in the steam-water separator to be more than or equal to 10cm through the liquid level sensor (the maximum height of the liquid level of the steam-water separator is 20 cm), and then controls a water discharge valve of the steam-water separator to be opened for 2s for water discharge; in the process, the hydrogen circulating pump adjusts the rotating speed, the proportional valve adjusts the opening of the valve to adjust the pressure of hydrogen in the pipeline, the pipeline pressure is kept stable, and after the pipeline pressure is stable, the hydrogen pump and the proportional valve are adjusted back to set parameters. As shown in the figure, the average difference of the fuel cell stack is 20mV, the hydrogen utilization rate is 96%, and compared with the comparative example, the average difference and the hydrogen utilization rate are improved.
Example 4
The present embodiment provides a method for controlling drainage of a hydrogen circulation system of a hydrogen fuel cell, which adopts the hydrogen circulation system of a hydrogen fuel cell described in embodiment 1. The fuel cell system is started, a hydrogen inlet valve in the hydrogen circulation system is opened, a hydrogen circulation pump is started, the proportional valve adjusts the opening of the valve according to the power requirement of the system, and when the pressure sensor detects that the pressure reaches the requirement point, the opening of the proportional valve is not changed any more. In the stable running process of the system, the fuel cell controller monitors the hydrogen concentration in the steam-water separator and the liquid level of water through the hydrogen concentration sensor and the liquid level sensor. When the concentration change of the hydrogen is more than or equal to 20% or the liquid level height h is more than or equal to 10cm (the maximum height of the liquid level of the steam-water separator is 20 cm), controlling an exhaust valve or a drainage valve of the steam-water separator to be opened for 2s for exhausting or draining; in the process, the hydrogen circulating pump adjusts the rotating speed, the proportional valve adjusts the opening of the valve to adjust the pressure of hydrogen in the pipeline, the pipeline pressure is kept stable, and after the pipeline pressure is stable, the hydrogen pump and the proportional valve are adjusted back to set parameters. As shown in the figure, the implementation of the embodiment has the advantages that the average difference of the fuel cell stack is 15mV, the hydrogen utilization rate is 98%, and compared with the embodiment 1, the embodiment 2 and the comparative example, the average difference and the hydrogen utilization rate are improved, so that the uniformity and the hydrogen utilization rate of the stack can be effectively improved by adopting the hydrogen circulation system and the control scheme.
Comparative example
The embodiment provides a control method for draining of a hydrogen circulation system of a hydrogen fuel cell, which adopts the hydrogen circulation system of the hydrogen fuel cell described in the embodiment 1, but no exhaust valve, no hydrogen concentration sensor and no liquid level sensor are arranged in the steam-water separator. The fuel cell system is started, a hydrogen inlet valve in the hydrogen circulation system is opened, a hydrogen circulation pump is started, the proportional valve adjusts the opening of the valve according to the power requirement of the system, and when the pressure sensor detects that the pressure reaches the requirement point, the opening of the proportional valve is not changed any more. In the stable running process of the system, the intermittent gas and water discharging method is adopted to discharge gas and water in the steam-water separator, the opening period of the drain valve is 5s, and the opening time is 5ms. As shown in FIG. 4, with this method, the average difference of the fuel cell stacks was 30mV, and the hydrogen utilization was 92%.
While embodiments of the present utility model have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the utility model, and that variations, modifications, alternatives and variations may be made to the above embodiments by one of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the utility model.

Claims (5)

1. A hydrogen circulation system of a hydrogen fuel cell, which is characterized by comprising a hydrogen cylinder (1), a hydrogen inlet valve (2), a proportional valve (4), a fuel cell stack (13), a hydrogen circulation pump (6) and a steam-water separator; the outlet of the hydrogen cylinder (1) is connected with the inlet of the hydrogen inlet valve (2), the outlet of the hydrogen inlet valve (2) is connected with the inlet of the proportional valve (4), the outlet of the proportional valve (4) is respectively connected with the inlet of the fuel cell stack (13) and the outlet of the hydrogen circulating pump (6), the outlet of the fuel cell stack (13) is connected with the inlet of the steam-water separator, the hydrogen return port of the steam-water separator is connected with the inlet of the hydrogen circulating pump (6), the exhaust outlet of the steam-water separator is connected with the inlet of the exhaust valve (9), and the water discharge outlet of the steam-water separator is connected with the inlet of the drain valve (11);
the steam-water separator consists of a hydrogen concentration sensor (7), a liquid level sensor (8), an exhaust valve (9), a water diversion structure (10) and a drain valve (11); in the water diversion structure (10), a hydrogen concentration sensor (7) is arranged at the upper part, and a liquid level sensor (8) is arranged in the water diversion structure; the exhaust outlet of the water diversion structure (10) is connected with the inlet of the exhaust valve (9), and the bottom of the water diversion structure (10) is connected with a drain valve (11).
2. The hydrogen circulation system of a hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 1, further comprising a first pressure sensor (3); the first pressure sensor (3) is arranged on a pipeline between the hydrogen inlet valve (2) and the proportional valve (4).
3. Hydrogen circulation system of a hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 1, further comprising a second pressure sensor (5); the second pressure sensor (5) is arranged on a pipeline between the proportional valve (4) and the fuel cell stack (13).
4. The hydrogen circulation system of a hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 1, further comprising a third pressure sensor (12); the third pressure sensor (12) is arranged on a pipeline between the fuel cell stack (13) and the steam-water separator.
5. The hydrogen circulation system of a hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein in the steam-water separator, the air inlet and the air outlet are provided at the side of the steam-water separator, the water outlet is provided at the lower part of the steam-water separator, and the hydrogen return port is provided at the upper part of the steam-water separator.
CN202322133582.8U 2023-08-09 2023-08-09 Hydrogen circulation system of hydrogen fuel cell Active CN220604723U (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202322133582.8U CN220604723U (en) 2023-08-09 2023-08-09 Hydrogen circulation system of hydrogen fuel cell

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202322133582.8U CN220604723U (en) 2023-08-09 2023-08-09 Hydrogen circulation system of hydrogen fuel cell

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CN220604723U true CN220604723U (en) 2024-03-15

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