CN220517995U - Series-parallel power system and electric automobile - Google Patents
Series-parallel power system and electric automobile Download PDFInfo
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- CN220517995U CN220517995U CN202321890883.9U CN202321890883U CN220517995U CN 220517995 U CN220517995 U CN 220517995U CN 202321890883 U CN202321890883 U CN 202321890883U CN 220517995 U CN220517995 U CN 220517995U
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 26
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
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- NCZYUKGXRHBAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-K [Li+].P(=O)([O-])([O-])[O-].[Fe+2].[Li+] Chemical compound [Li+].P(=O)([O-])([O-])[O-].[Fe+2].[Li+] NCZYUKGXRHBAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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- 230000009469 supplementation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model discloses a series-parallel power system and an electric automobile, which belong to the technical field of new energy automobiles, and respectively provide independent energy sources for different power mechanisms, wherein the series-parallel power system comprises two types of energy sources with different power densities; each independent energy source includes a battery pack and a power management system; the power management system is connected with the power mechanism through a battery pack; the energy transfer parts are used for realizing voltage balancing or energy interaction among battery packs of different types of energy sources; the energy transfer part is connected between two battery packs of different types of energy sources; the battery pack is connected with the power mechanism through a high-voltage distribution box; the energy transfer part is connected with the battery pack and the power mechanism through the high-voltage distribution box respectively. The power system integrates the advantages of a high energy source and a high power source, adopts two sets of power systems capable of being driven independently, is decoupled in structure and management, avoids circulation and electromagnetic interference, and enables each power source to be in a proper working condition and a proper environment condition.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of new energy automobiles, and particularly relates to a hybrid power system and an electric automobile.
Background
As is well known, an electric automobile is one of important components in a new energy automobile, and development of the new energy automobile is a necessary way for China to go from the automobile country to the automobile country, and is a strategic measure for coping with climate change and promoting green development. In recent years, the development of new energy automobile industry in China has achieved remarkable achievement, and the development of new energy automobile industry in China becomes an important force for leading the world automobile industry to change. At present, the new energy automobile mainly uses an electric automobile, and the power source of the electric automobile mainly adopts a lithium ion battery, and the practice discovers that the main performance characteristics of the existing lithium ion battery for the automobile are high energy density, but the power performance is poor and the cycle life is short. Therefore, engineers developed two series-parallel power systems:
1. as shown in fig. 1, two power sources exist in a conventional vehicle series-parallel power system, and the two power sources can be arranged in a concentrated manner or in a dispersed manner. The second power source (the power source at the lower part in fig. 1) is directly connected with the driving motor, the first power source (the power source at the upper part in fig. 1) converts the voltage range of the first power source into the same voltage range as the second power source through a high-power DC/DC converter, and then is connected with the driving motor, and the driving motor outputs power to the driving axle.
The series-parallel power system with the structure has the following defects:
1. the high-power DC/DC converter has large volume and high cost, and is not beneficial to the space arrangement and cost reduction of a power system;
2. the DC/DC converter has conversion loss, and the energy efficiency of the power system is affected;
3. circulation and electromagnetic interference exist between two power sources which are arranged in a concentrated way.
2. As shown in fig. 2, the conventional vehicle series-parallel power system has two power sources, and the two power sources can be arranged in a centralized manner and can be arranged in a dispersed manner. The first power source and the second power source are both directly connected with the driving motor, and power output is carried out on the driving axle through the driving motor. Under the configuration, two conditions exist, namely, the working voltage ranges of the first power source and the second power source are the same, and the driving motor adopts a double-winding structure, so that the coupling output of two types of different voltages can be simultaneously supported.
The series-parallel power system with the structure has the following defects:
1. the requirement of the same working voltage range limits the selection range of the first power source and the second power source;
2. the energy supplementation and circulation between two power sources in different working voltage ranges have difficulty;
3. the double-winding motor has the advantages of high technical difficulty, high cost and low conversion efficiency;
4. circulation and electromagnetic interference exist between two power sources which are arranged in a concentrated way.
In the automotive field, a power system is generally required to have a higher energy density to ensure a driving mileage, and a higher power density to ensure the performance of a vehicle, so as to reduce the impact on a high energy density system. However, in reality, it is found that, for the same power source, the energy density and the power density are two conditions which are difficult to meet simultaneously, namely, when the energy density is high, the power density is reduced, and when the power density is high, the energy density is reduced; therefore, the design and development of the hybrid power system and the electric automobile with high energy density and high power density have important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims to meet the actual demand, and provides a hybrid power system and an electric automobile, which integrate the advantages of a high energy source and a high power source, adopt a plurality of sets of power systems capable of being driven independently, are decoupled in structure and management, avoid circulation and electromagnetic interference, and enable each power source to be in a proper working condition and a proper environmental condition.
To achieve the above object, a first object of the present utility model is to provide a hybrid power system for providing independent energy sources for different power mechanisms, the hybrid power system including:
a plurality of energy sources of at least two different power densities; each independent energy source comprises a battery pack and a power management system for controlling the working state of the battery pack; the power management system is connected with the power mechanism through a battery pack;
the energy transfer parts are used for realizing voltage balancing or energy interaction among battery packs of different types of energy sources; the energy transfer part is connected between two battery packs of different types of energy sources; wherein:
the energy transfer part is an electronic switch or a DC/DC conversion module composed of a DC/DC controller and a DC/DC converter;
the battery pack is connected with the power mechanism through a high-voltage distribution box;
the energy transfer part is connected with the battery pack and the power mechanism through the high-voltage distribution box respectively.
Preferably: the energy sources are divided into high power energy sources and low power energy sources; the battery pack of the high-power energy source comprises N high-power density batteries with power density not lower than 1kW/kg, N is a natural number larger than 0, and the battery pack of the low-power energy source comprises M high-power density batteries with energy density not lower than 150Wh/kg, and M is a natural number larger than 0.
Preferably: the high energy density battery is one or more of a lithium battery, a sodium battery, a fuel battery and a metal-air battery.
Preferably: the high-power density battery is one or more of a lithium battery, a sodium battery, a super capacitor and a hybrid capacitor.
Preferably: the charging port is connected with the power management system in a communication way, and the charging port is connected with the battery pack through a high-voltage distribution box.
The second object of the utility model is to provide an electric automobile, comprising the series-parallel power system with the structure; and the whole vehicle control unit of the electric vehicle performs data interaction with the power management system and the energy transfer part respectively through data lines.
Preferably: the energy source comprises a high energy source and a high power source, and the rated output power of the high energy source is P 1 The rated output power of the high-power source is P 2 The power source switching power of the whole vehicle control unit is P 3 ，1kW≤P 1 ≤500kW，0.1P 1 ≤P 2 ≤100P 1 ，0.1P 1 ≤P 3 ≤2P 1 。
Compared with the prior art, the application has the advantages and positive effects that:
1. the matched use and logic control of a plurality of sets of power sources with different power densities can enable each power source to be in a proper working condition and a proper environment condition, so that on one hand, the service life and the safety performance of the whole power system can be effectively improved, the use cost is reduced, on the other hand, the performance requirements on a single power source can be reduced, and the selection range of the power source is widened;
2. the power systems which can be independently driven are decoupled in structure and management, so that circulation and electromagnetic interference are avoided;
3. the vehicle control unit is utilized to carry out targeted configuration on the voltage range and the power range of the power source, double power sources with the same voltage range are not required to be directly configured, or the high-power DC/DC converter is used for leveling the output voltage of the multiple power sources to complete the configuration of the power source to the driving motor, and a motor with double coils and double voltage ranges is also not required to complete the configuration of the driving motor to the power source, so that the system configuration is simplified, the safety of the system is improved, and the cost is reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the utility model, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a first embodiment of the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a second embodiment of the prior art;
FIG. 3 is a circuit block diagram in a preferred embodiment of the present utility model;
FIG. 4 is a first circuit diagram in a preferred embodiment of the present utility model;
fig. 5 is a second circuit diagram in a preferred embodiment of the present utility model.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present utility model will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present utility model, but not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present utility model generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the utility model, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the utility model, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the utility model. All other embodiments, which can be made by a person skilled in the art without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the present utility model.
In the description of the utility model, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "connected," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the creation of the present utility model can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art in a specific case.
First embodiment
The utility model provides a series-parallel power system, which is used for respectively providing independent energy sources for different power mechanisms, as shown in fig. 3, and comprises:
the two types of energy sources with different power densities (in the actual use process, the number of the types of the energy sources can be increased according to the requirements); each independent energy source comprises a battery pack and a power management system for controlling the working state of the battery pack; the power management system is connected with the power mechanism through a battery pack;
the energy transfer parts are used for realizing voltage balancing or energy interaction among battery packs of different types of energy sources; the energy transfer part is connected between two battery packs of different types of energy sources.
For clarity of explanation of the technical idea of the present application, the power density and the energy density of two types of energy sources are defined as high energy source and high power source in the following; by high energy source is meant that the energy density of the energy source is greater than the energy density of the other energy source, and by high power source is meant that the power density of the energy source is greater than the power density of the other energy source.
The energy transfer part is an electronic switch or a DC/DC conversion module composed of a DC/DC controller and a DC/DC converter.
When the voltages of the two energy sources are equal, the energy transfer part selects an electronic switch, and when the voltages of the two energy sources are unequal, the voltage leveling between the two energy sources needs to be realized by using a DC/DC conversion module.
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the battery pack may be connected to a power mechanism through a high voltage distribution box. The energy transfer part can be connected with the battery pack and the power mechanism through the high-voltage distribution box.
In this embodiment: the series-parallel power system comprises a high energy source and a high power source, wherein a battery pack in the high energy source can be formed by connecting one or more energy storage devices with the energy density not lower than 150Wh/kg, such as a lithium battery, a sodium battery, a fuel battery, a metal air battery and the like in series or/and in parallel, and the battery pack in the high power source can be formed by connecting one or more energy storage devices with the power density not lower than 1kW/kg, such as a lithium battery, a sodium battery, a super capacitor, a hybrid capacitor and the like in series or/and in parallel;
the high-energy source and high-energy source management system is electrically connected, the high-power source and high-power source management system is electrically connected, and the high-energy source management system and the high-power source management system are in communication connection with the whole vehicle control unit; the communication connection in the present application may be either a wired communication or a wireless communication.
The high-energy source is electrically connected with the motor controller through the high-voltage distribution box, the motor controller is electrically connected with the driving motor, the motor controller is in communication connection with the whole vehicle control unit, the driving motor is mechanically connected with the driving wheels, one or more driving motors can be arranged, and the driving motor is connected with the transmission bearings of the wheels through the differential mechanism;
the high-voltage distribution box is electrically connected with the charging port, and the charging port is in communication connection with the high-energy source management system and/or the high-power source management system;
the high-power source is electrically connected with the motor controller through the high-voltage distribution box, the motor controller is electrically connected with the driving motor, the motor controller is in communication connection with the whole vehicle control unit, the driving motor is mechanically connected with the driving wheels, one or more driving electrodes can be arranged, and the driving motor is connected with the transmission bearings of the wheels through the differential mechanism;
the bridge differential mechanism is mechanically connected with the generator, the generator is electrically connected with the high-voltage distribution box, and the generator and the driving motor can be the same integrated part or two independent split parts;
the DC/DC conversion module consists of a DC/DC controller and a DC/DC converter. The high-voltage distribution boxes of the two types of energy sources are electrically connected through a DC/DC converter, the DC/DC converter is electrically connected with a DC/DC controller, and the DC/DC controller is in communication connection with a whole vehicle control unit.
Rated output power of high energy source is P 1 The rated output power of the high power source is P 2 The power source switching power of the whole vehicle control unit is P 3 ，1kW≤P 1 ≤500kW，0.1P 1 ≤P 2 ≤100P 1 ，0.1P 1 ≤P 3 ≤2P 1 ；
The charging port is connected with the power management system in a communication way, and the charging port is connected with the battery pack through a high-voltage distribution box. The charging port can be arranged on one side of the high energy source, one side of the high power source and two sides of the high power source.
The power mechanism may include a plurality of power assemblies independent of each other, each power assembly including a motor controller, a drive motor, a differential, and a bearing.
As shown in fig. 5, in the present embodiment, the high energy source is preferably a lithium ion battery, specifically a lithium iron phosphate lithium ion battery; the high power source is selected from a lithium titanate battery;
the lithium ion battery is electrically connected with the lithium ion battery management system, and the lithium ion battery management system is in communication connection with the whole vehicle control unit;
the lithium ion battery is electrically connected with the motor controller through the high-voltage distribution box, the motor controller is electrically connected with the driving motor, the motor controller is in communication connection with the whole vehicle control unit, the driving motor is mechanically connected with the front axle differential, and the front axle differential is mechanically connected with the driving wheels;
the high-voltage distribution box is electrically connected with the charging port, and the charging port is in communication connection with the lithium ion battery management system;
the lithium titanate battery is electrically connected with a lithium titanate battery management system, and the lithium titanate battery management system is in communication connection with the whole vehicle control unit;
the lithium titanate battery is electrically connected with the motor controller through the high-voltage distribution box, the motor controller is electrically connected with the driving motor, the motor controller is in communication connection with the whole vehicle control unit, the driving motor is mechanically connected with the rear axle differential, and the rear axle differential is mechanically connected with the driving wheels;
the rear axle differential mechanism is mechanically connected with the generator, the generator is electrically connected with the high-voltage distribution box, and the generator and the driving motor are the same body, namely a bidirectional motor;
the two high-voltage distribution boxes are electrically connected through a DC/DC converter, the DC/DC converter is electrically connected with a DC/DC controller, and the DC/DC controller is in communication connection with the whole vehicle control unit.
The working mode of the series-parallel power system is as follows:
1) Drive state
And driving a lithium ion battery. The vehicle control unit releases signals to the lithium ion battery control system, the lithium ion battery management system transmits electric energy stored in the lithium ion battery to the motor controller through the high-voltage distribution box, the motor controller controls the driving motor, and the driving motor is connected with the front axle differential mechanism, so that two driving wheels of the front axle rotate to provide driving power;
lithium titanate battery drive. The whole vehicle control unit releases signals to the lithium titanate battery control system, the lithium titanate battery management system transmits electric energy stored in the lithium titanate battery to the motor controller through the high-voltage distribution box, and the motor controller controls the driving motor which is connected with the rear axle differential mechanism, so that two driving wheels of the rear axle rotate to provide driving power;
the lithium ion battery and the lithium titanate battery are driven together. The whole vehicle control unit releases signals to the management system of the two power sources, and then the four driving wheels of the front axle and the rear axle jointly provide driving power according to the independent driving mode, wherein the power ratio of the front axle to the rear axle is 100:0 to 0:100.
2) Idle/constant speed charging mode
When the state of charge of the lithium titanate battery is lower than a certain threshold value and the lithium ion battery can output additional power in a state of meeting driving, the whole vehicle control unit releases signals to the lithium ion battery control system and the DC/DC controller, and the lithium ion battery control system transmits electric energy stored in the lithium ion battery to the DC/DC converter for voltage conversion through the high-voltage distribution box and then transmits the electric energy to the lithium titanate battery for charging through the high-voltage distribution box.
3) External charging mode
The charging port and the lithium ion battery management system and the whole vehicle control unit confirm that the charging condition is met through signal interaction, and the charging port charges the lithium ion battery through the high-voltage distribution box.
4) Braking energy recovery mode
After the generator recovers electric energy through rear axle braking, the electric energy is transmitted to a high-voltage distribution box through a motor controller to charge a lithium titanate battery;
when the state of charge of the lithium titanate battery is higher than a certain threshold value, the whole vehicle control unit releases a signal to the lithium titanate battery management system and the DC/DC controller, and the lithium titanate battery management system conveys electric energy stored in the lithium titanate battery to the DC/DC converter for voltage conversion through the high-voltage distribution box and then conveys the electric energy to the lithium ion battery for charging through the high-voltage distribution box.
5) Low temperature drive mode
When the temperature of the lithium ion battery is lower than a certain threshold value, the whole vehicle control unit releases signals to the lithium titanate battery management system, the lithium titanate battery power system bears all power output, and the lithium ion battery is heated by the heating device by utilizing the extra power which can be output until the temperature of the lithium ion battery reaches a normal working interval.
6) Emergency cruising mode
When the power system is suddenly abnormal and can not output power under the normal driving state and emergency cruising driving is still needed, the whole vehicle control unit releases signals to the other normal power system, and all power output is temporarily carried out by the whole vehicle control unit, so that emergency cruising is supported.
Second embodiment
An electric automobile comprises the series-parallel power system with the structure; and the whole vehicle control unit of the electric vehicle performs data interaction with the power management system and the energy transfer part respectively through data lines.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiments of the present utility model, it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that various modifications and adaptations may be made without departing from the principles of the present utility model, such as substituting the selection of high energy sources and high power sources, e.g., substituting lithium ion batteries with solid state batteries, fuel cells, metal air batteries, etc., substituting lithium ion batteries with lithium titanate batteries with supercapacitors, hybrid capacitors, etc.; the type of the power source connected with the driving axle is replaced, for example, a coupling driving axle or an intermediate driving axle is used for replacing a front driving axle and a rear driving axle, and the same front driving axle or the same rear driving axle is connected with the front driving axle and the rear driving axle respectively; the functional types of the driving motor are replaced, such as the driving motor and the generator are replaced by a mode of independently configuring the driving motor and the generator to be integrated, and the improvement and the finishing are also considered as the protection scope of the utility model.
Claims (7)
1. A hybrid power system for providing independent energy sources for different power mechanisms, the hybrid power system comprising:
a plurality of energy sources of at least two different power densities; each independent energy source comprises a battery pack and a power management system for controlling the working state of the battery pack; the power management system is connected with the power mechanism through a battery pack;
the energy transfer parts are used for realizing voltage balancing or energy interaction among battery packs of different types of energy sources; the energy transfer part is connected between two battery packs of different types of energy sources; wherein:
the energy transfer part is an electronic switch or a DC/DC conversion module composed of a DC/DC controller and a DC/DC converter;
the battery pack is connected with the power mechanism through a high-voltage distribution box; the energy transfer part is connected with the battery pack and the power mechanism through the high-voltage distribution box respectively.
2. The hybrid powertrain system of claim 1, wherein the energy source is divided into a high power energy source and a low power energy source; the battery pack of the high-power energy source comprises N high-power density batteries with power density not lower than 1kW/kg, N is a natural number larger than 0, and the battery pack of the low-power energy source comprises M high-power density batteries with energy density not lower than 150Wh/kg, and M is a natural number larger than 0.
3. The hybrid power system of claim 2, wherein the high energy density battery is one or more of a lithium battery, a sodium battery, a fuel cell, a metal air battery.
4. The hybrid powertrain system of claim 2, wherein the high power density battery is one or more of a lithium battery, a sodium battery, a super capacitor, and a hybrid capacitor.
5. The hybrid power system of claim 1, wherein the charging port is in communication with the power management system, and the charging port is connected with the battery pack through a high-voltage distribution box.
6. An electric automobile, characterized in that: comprising a hybrid powertrain according to any one of claims 1-5; and the whole vehicle control unit of the electric vehicle performs data interaction with the power management system and the energy transfer part respectively through data lines.
7. The electric vehicle of claim 6, wherein: the energy source comprises a high energy source and a high power source, and the rated output power of the high energy source is P 1 The rated output power of the high-power source is P 2 The power source switching power of the whole vehicle control unit is P 3 ，1kW≤P 1 ≤500kW，0.1P 1 ≤P 2 ≤100P 1 ，0.1P 1 ≤P 3 ≤2P 1 。
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202321890883.9U CN220517995U (en) | 2023-07-18 | 2023-07-18 | Series-parallel power system and electric automobile |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202321890883.9U CN220517995U (en) | 2023-07-18 | 2023-07-18 | Series-parallel power system and electric automobile |
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| CN220517995U true CN220517995U (en) | 2024-02-23 |
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| CN202321890883.9U Active CN220517995U (en) | 2023-07-18 | 2023-07-18 | Series-parallel power system and electric automobile |
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