CN220462229U - Modularized additive manufacturing device and 3D printer - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of additive manufacturing, in particular to a modularized additive manufacturing device and a 3D printer, wherein the additive manufacturing device comprises a forming cylinder and a first cylinder sleeve, and a first piston and a second piston are arranged in the forming cylinder; the first cylinder sleeve is sleeved in the forming cylinder and extends to the processing end face of the forming cylinder; the second piston is fixed at the telescopic end of the first piston and is arranged in the first cylinder sleeve; the flexible end of second piston is equipped with the connecting block, and the connecting block can be dismantled with the base plate structure and be connected, and the periphery of base plate structure is followed and is slided the laminating with the internal face of first cylinder liner, and this modularization vibration material disk device can adjust vibration material disk space, reduces manufacturing cost and improves processing temperature effectively.

Description

Modularized additive manufacturing device and 3D printer

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of additive manufacturing, in particular to a modularized additive manufacturing device and a 3D printer.

Background

Additive Manufacturing (AM), commonly referred to as 3D printing, is a technique for rapid prototyping of three-dimensional parts. Among the currently common metal AM techniques, laser powder bed melting (LPBF), also known as Selective Laser Melting (SLM), is the most developed metal forming technique. The technology has great application potential in the fields of aerospace, medical equipment, dies, automobiles and the like, which have high product customization degree and need rapid production. The current novel metal additive manufacturing equipment is mainly large-scale equipment facing industry, and the molding size reaches 800-1500mm. However, the large-scale equipment has long preparation time and labor waste in cleaning, and needs a large amount of powder for each operation, which is unfavorable for small-batch production, material development and scientific research experiments of the experimental expensive materials. The substrate heating device has unique advantages in reducing residual stress, reducing deformation and improving manufacturing quality in the additive manufacturing process, and is an important development direction of metal additive manufacturing in the future, but the large-size substrate heating temperature is difficult to exceed 250 ℃ because the energy required for heating the large-size substrate to a higher temperature is higher, the influence of a large-area high Wen Duizhen mirror and a detecting instrument is larger, and the deformation of the substrate and a forming cylinder is larger at a high temperature, so that powder clamping faults are easy to occur, and the further development of metal additive manufacturing technology is greatly limited.

Chinese patent (CN 107344237A) proposes a molding cylinder for powder spreading type additive manufacturing equipment and a method for adjusting the section of a piston in the cylinder, and the patent proposes to select plugs with different sizes to match the pistons arranged in the cylinder, so that molding spaces with different sizes are formed, but the method needs to change the mechanical structure of the original equipment or greatly customize the molding cylinder, and the powder cylinder and the powder falling side are not synchronously matched under large-size equipment, so that the powder spreading amount and the equipment utilization rate cannot be greatly reduced. Chinese patent CN115921906a proposes a high Wen Xuanou melting device based on laser powder spreading printing, in which a heating device is distributed around a forming cylinder, and heat treatment at 500 ℃ can be performed in layer-by-layer printing, but the preheating of the substrate at 500 ℃ is only aimed at heat treatment, so that the preheating at a higher temperature cannot be solved, and in addition, a forming cylinder structure and a larger installation space are required to be customized to place a liquid cooling device.

Disclosure of Invention

The utility model aims to avoid the defects in the prior art and provide a modularized additive manufacturing device which can flexibly adjust additive processing space, effectively reduce production cost and improve processing temperature.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the present utility model provides the following technical solutions:

the modularized additive manufacturing device comprises a forming cylinder and a first cylinder sleeve, wherein a first piston and a second piston are arranged in the forming cylinder;

the first cylinder sleeve is sleeved in the forming cylinder and extends to the processing end face of the forming cylinder;

the second piston is fixed at the telescopic end of the first piston, and the second piston is arranged in the first cylinder sleeve;

the telescopic end of the second piston is provided with a connecting block, the connecting block is detachably connected with the base plate structure, and the periphery edge of the base plate structure is in sliding fit with the inner wall surface of the first cylinder sleeve.

In some embodiments, the substrate structure is provided with a through hole, the axis of the through hole is perpendicular to the end face of the substrate structure, the temperature measuring end of the thermocouple penetrates through the through hole from bottom to top, and the substrate structure moves vertically along the thermocouple.

In some embodiments, the base plate structure comprises a base plate detachably connected to the connection block by screws.

In some embodiments, the substrate structure includes a heating module and a substrate disposed on top of the heating module, the heating module being detachably connected to the connection block.

In some embodiments, the heating module comprises a heating rod, a ceramic block, and two fixed brackets;

the top of the heating rod is connected with the substrate, and the bottom of the heating rod is connected with the ceramic block;

the opposite sides of the base plate and the ceramic block are respectively fixed on the two fixing brackets.

In some embodiments, the bottoms of the two brackets are respectively provided with a base plate, and the ceramic blocks are placed on the base plates.

In some embodiments, each of the fixing brackets comprises a clamping plate, the upper end of the clamping plate is provided with a supporting foot, and the bottom of the clamping plate is fixed on the backing plate;

the clamping plates clamp the ceramic blocks, and the supporting legs are bent and hold the top surface of the substrate.

In some embodiments, the device further comprises a powder cylinder, wherein a third piston, a fourth piston and a second cylinder sleeve are arranged in the powder cylinder;

the second cylinder sleeve is sleeved in the powder cylinder and extends to the working end face of the powder cylinder;

the fourth piston is fixed at the flexible end of third piston, the fourth piston is located in the second cylinder liner, the fourth piston is connected with the layer board, the periphery edge of layer board with the interior wall surface slip laminating of second cylinder liner.

In some embodiments, the forming cylinder is provided with a collection box on the side.

The modularized additive manufacturing device has the beneficial effects that:

(1) According to the modularized additive manufacturing device, the first cylinder sleeve is arranged on the original molding cylinder, and the second piston matched with the first cylinder sleeve is arranged in the first cylinder sleeve, so that the processing space of the original molding cylinder is effectively adjusted, the problem of material waste caused by overlarge space of the original molding cylinder is avoided, and small printing pieces are printed in limited small spaces, so that the printing accuracy is improved.

(2) According to the modularized additive manufacturing device, the first cylinder sleeve is directly sleeved in the forming cylinder, the structure is simple, quick installation and disassembly are realized, the structure of original equipment is not required to be changed, the powder required by operation is reduced, the required cylinder sleeve is convenient to replace flexibly, and the adaptability is strong.

(3) According to the modularized additive manufacturing device, the first cylinder sleeve can effectively prevent printed heat from being diffused into other parts, so that the other parts are prevented from being heated too high, the processing temperature can be improved, and the processing temperature can be conveniently improved.

The 3D printer comprises the modular additive manufacturing device.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a modular additive manufacturing apparatus of an embodiment.

Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a modular additive manufacturing apparatus having a heating module of an embodiment.

Fig. 3 is a working cross-sectional view of a heating module and a substrate of an embodiment.

Reference numerals

1. A forming cylinder; 2. a first cylinder liner; 3. a first piston; 4. a second piston; 5. a connecting block; 6. a through hole; 8. a heating module; 9. a heating rod; 10. a ceramic block; 11. a backing plate; 12. a support leg; 13. a powder cylinder; 14. a third piston; 15. a fourth piston; 16. a second cylinder sleeve; 17. a collection box; 18. a thermocouple; 19. a substrate; 20. and (3) clamping plates.

Detailed Description

Preferred embodiments of the present utility model will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While the preferred embodiments of the present utility model are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present utility model may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the utility model to those skilled in the art.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the utility model. As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term "and/or" as used herein refers to and encompasses any or all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

It should be understood that although the terms "first," "second," "third," etc. may be used herein to describe various information, these information should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one type of information from another. For example, first information may also be referred to as second information, and similarly, second information may also be referred to as first information, without departing from the scope of the utility model. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the present utility model, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more, unless explicitly defined otherwise.

Example 1

The modularized additive manufacturing device disclosed by the embodiment comprises a molding cylinder 1 and a first cylinder sleeve 2, as shown in fig. 1-3, wherein a first piston 3 and a second piston 4 are arranged in the molding cylinder 1; the first cylinder sleeve 2 is sleeved in the forming cylinder 1 and extends to the processing end face of the forming cylinder 1, specifically, the end part of the first cylinder sleeve 2 extends out of a blocking edge, the blocking edge is hung on the processing end face of the forming cylinder 1, and the blocking edge covers the gap between the forming cylinder 1 and the cylinder sleeve. The second piston 4 is fixed at the telescopic end of the first piston 3, the second piston 4 is arranged in the first cylinder sleeve 2, the second piston 4 is used for being matched with the first cylinder sleeve 2, the size of the second piston 4 is within 80mm, and the space in the forming cylinder 1 is effectively adjusted; the telescopic end of the second piston 4 is provided with a connecting block 5, the connecting block 5 is detachably connected with the substrate 19 structure, the connecting block 5 lays a foundation for replacing different substrate 19 structures, the functions of the substrate 19 part are more flexible, and the substrate 19 structure is detachably connected with the connecting block 5 through screws. The periphery edge of base plate 19 structure with the inner wall surface slip laminating of first cylinder liner 2 for base plate 19 structure forms sealed structure with first cylinder liner 2, avoids shaping powder to leak.

For the existing powder bed printing equipment, the online temperature monitoring often depends on non-contact modes such as a photodiode, an infrared camera and the like, mainly the limitation of LPBF powder bed printing, the printed sample of the previous layer can be covered by the powder of the current layer, and for analog numerical simulation, the thermal influence of laser on the previous layers is unknown all the time, so that the method is unfavorable for scientific research and new technology development. In this embodiment, the through hole 6 is formed in the substrate 19 structure, the axis of the through hole 6 is perpendicular to the end face of the substrate 19 structure, the temperature measuring end of the thermocouple 18 penetrates through the through hole 6 from bottom to top, the substrate 19 structure moves vertically along the thermocouple 18, at this time, the side temperature measuring end of the thermocouple 18 points to the end face of the substrate 19 structure for supporting molding powder, in the additive printing process, along with the increase of the printing layer, the substrate 19 structure descends, at this time, the temperature measuring end does not move, and when the substrate 19 structure descends, the printing layer at the end face of the substrate 19 structure descends, the printing layer at the upper layer is detected by the temperature measuring end, and is not influenced by the covering of the powder of the current layer, so that the temperature measuring accuracy is effectively improved, and the adjustment of printing setting parameters can be accurately facilitated. That is, the temperature measuring module of the prior art is directed to the limitation of the LPBF itself, in which the powder masks all portions except the top layer during printing, resulting in that many advanced and precise non-contact detection means cannot effectively measure the lower surface temperature. In order to achieve the measurement of the temperature of the lower surface, the thermocouple 18 of the present embodiment is arranged in such a manner that the thermocouple 18 penetrating from the bottom of the substrate 19 performs in-situ on-line measurement of the temperature of the lower surface during the molding process. The device can improve the compatibility of large-size printing equipment, is oriented to special applications such as noble metal printing, preheating of the ultra-high temperature substrate 19 and the like, and can be used for rapidly testing and ensuring the consistency of systems such as optical paths and the like.

Preferably, the thermocouple 18 is a K-type thermocouple 18, and the K-type thermocouple 18 is connected to a temperature measuring device arranged outside the cabin of the printing equipment.

As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the substrate 19 includes a substrate 19, and the substrate 19 is detachably connected to the connection block 5 by a screw.

As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the powder cylinder 13 further comprises a powder cylinder 13, wherein a third piston 14, a fourth piston 15 and a second cylinder sleeve 16 are arranged in the powder cylinder 13; the second cylinder sleeve is sleeved in the powder cylinder 13 and extends to the working end face of the powder cylinder 13; the fourth piston 15 is fixed at the telescopic end of the third piston 14, the fourth piston 15 is arranged in the second cylinder sleeve 16, the fourth piston 15 is connected with a supporting plate, and the outer periphery of the supporting plate is in sliding fit with the inner wall surface of the second cylinder sleeve 16.

The powder cylinder 13 is also provided with the corresponding second cylinder sleeve 16 and the third piston 14 in the second cylinder sleeve 16, so that the powder cylinder 13 can effectively limit the space, and the waste of molding powder is avoided.

As shown in fig. 1 to 3, a collecting box 17 is provided at a side of the molding cylinder 1, and the collecting box 17 is located at one side of the molding cylinder 1, so as to collect excessive molding powder.

Example 2

It is to be understood that the following provides an example of the additive manufacturing apparatus for a module, and in practical application, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, the substrate 19 includes a heating module 8 and a substrate 19, the substrate 19 is disposed on top of the heating module 8, and the heating module 8 is detachably connected to the connection block 5.

The heating module 8 is capable of controlling the heating temperature of the substrate 19 to accommodate more processing.

As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the heating module 8 comprises a heating rod 9, a ceramic block 10 and two fixing brackets; the top of the heating rod 9 is connected with the substrate 19, and the bottom of the heating rod 9 is connected with the ceramic block 10; opposite sides of the base plate 19 and the ceramic block 10 are respectively fixed on the two fixing brackets.

The working principle of the heating module 8 is as follows: the heating rod 9 provides heat for the substrate 19, the ceramic block 10 can collect heat rapidly, heat expansion is avoided, the substrate 19 can reach about 1000 ℃ and other parts of the device are not affected, the high-temperature substrate 19 can prevent the high-temperature alloy from being cooled to the brittle temperature in the forming process, and the forming quality of the high-temperature alloy is improved. The fixing bracket can stably fix the substrate 19, the ceramic block 10, etc., and the fixing bracket is not easily deformed.

As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the bottoms of the two brackets are respectively provided with a backing plate 11, and the ceramic block 10 is placed on the backing plates 11. The backing plate 11 is used for supporting the ceramic.

As shown in fig. 1 to 3, each of the fixing brackets includes a clamping plate 20, the upper end of the clamping plate 20 is provided with a support leg 12, and the bottom of the clamping plate 20 is fixed on a backing plate 11; the clamping plate 20 clamps the ceramic block 10, and the legs 12 are bent and hold the top surface of the base plate 19. The legs 12 serve to secure and facilitate heat dissipation.

Other components and principles are the same as those of embodiment 1, and will not be described here again.

Example 3

A 3D printer of this embodiment includes the modular additive manufacturing apparatus of embodiment 1 or embodiment 2.

The relative arrangement of the components and steps, numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present application unless it is specifically stated otherwise. Meanwhile, it should be understood that the sizes of the respective parts shown in the drawings are not drawn in actual scale for convenience of description. Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to one of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but should be considered part of the specification where appropriate. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values should be construed as merely illustrative, and not a limitation. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that: like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, no further discussion thereof is necessary in subsequent figures.

In the description of the present application, it should be understood that, where azimuth terms such as "front, rear, upper, lower, left, right", "transverse, vertical, horizontal", and "top, bottom", etc., indicate azimuth or positional relationships generally based on those shown in the drawings, only for convenience of description and simplification of the description, these azimuth terms do not indicate and imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific azimuth or be constructed and operated in a specific azimuth, and thus should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present application; the orientation word "inner and outer" refers to inner and outer relative to the contour of the respective component itself.

Spatially relative terms, such as "above … …," "above … …," "upper surface at … …," "above," and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one device or feature's spatial location relative to another device or feature as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as "above" or "over" other devices or structures would then be oriented "below" or "beneath" the other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above … …" may include both orientations of "above … …" and "below … …". The device may also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.

In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used to define the components, and are merely for convenience of distinguishing the corresponding components, and unless otherwise stated, the terms have no special meaning, and thus should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present application.

The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present utility model by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present utility model should be included in the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims (10)

1. The modularized additive manufacturing device is characterized by comprising a molding cylinder and a first cylinder sleeve, wherein a first piston and a second piston are arranged in the molding cylinder;

the first cylinder sleeve is sleeved in the forming cylinder and extends to the processing end face of the forming cylinder;

the second piston is fixed at the telescopic end of the first piston, and the second piston is arranged in the first cylinder sleeve;

the telescopic end of the second piston is provided with a connecting block, the connecting block is detachably connected with the base plate structure, and the periphery edge of the base plate structure is in sliding fit with the inner wall surface of the first cylinder sleeve.

2. The modular additive manufacturing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the substrate structure is provided with a through hole, an axis of the through hole is perpendicular to an end face of the substrate structure, a temperature measuring end of a thermocouple penetrates through the through hole from bottom to top, and the substrate structure moves vertically along the thermocouple.

3. The modular additive manufacturing apparatus of claim 2, wherein the base plate structure comprises a base plate detachably connected to the connection block by screws.

4. The modular additive manufacturing apparatus of claim 2, wherein the substrate structure comprises a heating module and a substrate, the substrate being disposed on top of the heating module, the heating module being removably connected to the connection block.

5. The modular additive manufacturing apparatus of claim 4, wherein the heating module comprises a heating rod, a ceramic block, and two fixed brackets;

the top of the heating rod is connected with the substrate, and the bottom of the heating rod is connected with the ceramic block;

the opposite sides of the base plate and the ceramic block are respectively fixed on the two fixing brackets.

6. The modular additive manufacturing apparatus of claim 5, wherein the bottoms of the two brackets are each provided with a pad on which the ceramic block is placed.

7. The modular additive manufacturing apparatus of claim 6, wherein each of the mounting brackets comprises a clamp plate having a foot at an upper end thereof, a bottom of the clamp plate being secured to a backing plate;

the clamping plates clamp the ceramic blocks, and the supporting legs are bent and hold the top surface of the substrate.

8. The modular additive manufacturing apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a powder cylinder having a third piston, a fourth piston, and a second cylinder liner disposed therein;

the second cylinder sleeve is sleeved in the powder cylinder and extends to the working end face of the powder cylinder;

the fourth piston is fixed at the flexible end of third piston, the fourth piston is located in the second cylinder liner, the fourth piston is connected with the layer board, the periphery edge of layer board with the interior wall surface slip laminating of second cylinder liner.

9. The modular additive manufacturing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the forming cylinder is provided with a collection box on a side edge.

10. A 3D printer comprising the modular additive manufacturing apparatus of any one of claims 1-9.