CN220437099U - Vertical smelting furnace for preparing boron carbide powder - Google Patents
Vertical smelting furnace for preparing boron carbide powder Download PDFInfo
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- CN220437099U CN220437099U CN202321908522.2U CN202321908522U CN220437099U CN 220437099 U CN220437099 U CN 220437099U CN 202321908522 U CN202321908522 U CN 202321908522U CN 220437099 U CN220437099 U CN 220437099U
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- boron carbide
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- graphite electrode
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- 229910052580 B4C Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron carbide Chemical compound B12B3B4C32B41 INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 20
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical compound O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002006 petroleum coke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005551 mechanical alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
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- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model relates to a vertical smelting furnace for preparing boron carbide powder, and belongs to the field of boron carbide preparation equipment. The device comprises a furnace body, a furnace top sealing cover, a graphite electrode, a lifting device, a one-way exhaust device and a discharge device, wherein one end of the graphite electrode is inserted into the furnace body, the other end of the graphite electrode is connected with the lifting device, and the lifting of the graphite electrode is controlled by the lifting device; two charging tanks are symmetrically arranged on the furnace top sealing cover along the center; the graphite electrode is connected with a power supply device through a wire; the discharging device consists of a bottom valve plate and a hydraulic jack, and the bottom valve plate is adjusted to lift and rapidly discharge through the hydraulic jack; the unidirectional exhaust device is arranged on the furnace body or the furnace top sealing cover and is connected with the environment-friendly dust removing device. The device dynamically adjusts the position of the graphite electrode through the automatic lifting device in the heating process, precisely controls the crystallization process and the smelting process, and the generated boron carbide product is taken out through the discharging device, so that the device has the advantages of simple process, high heating speed, large-scale production and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the field of boron carbide material preparation equipment, and particularly provides a vertical smelting furnace for preparing boron carbide powder.
Background
Boron carbide (B) 4 C) The black diamond has high melting point, high strength, low density, large neutron capture surface, excellent thermal property, electrical property and chemical erosion resistance, is the most rigid substance after diamond and cubic boron nitride, so that the boron carbide is widely applied to various industrial fields such as mechanical grinding, refractory materials, engineering ceramics, nuclear industry, military and the like. B (B) 4 The preparation method of C mainly comprises the methods of element direct synthesis method, carbothermic synthesis method, self-propagating high-temperature synthesis method (using magnesium as an initiator), chemical vapor deposition method (CVD), sol-gel method, mechanical alloying method, precursor cracking method and the like. At present, the industrialized preparation of boron carbide mainly adopts an alternating current arc furnace carbothermic reduction method, boric acid or boric anhydride is generally used as a raw material, carbon is used as a reducing agent, three-phase alternating current is utilized in the alternating current arc furnace, and high-temperature reduction reaction is carried out through conductive heat transfer of a graphite electrode, wherein a chemical reaction equation in the process is as follows:
2B 2 O 3 +7C=B 4 C+6CO
4H 3 BO 3 +7C=B 4 C+6CO+6H 2 O
the carbothermic reduction method of the alternating current arc furnace is simple in structure, small in occupied area and high in building speed of required equipment, but the process has the following defects: 1. the smelting temperature and the manufacturing process are uncontrollable, the heat loss is serious, the temperature difference of a furnace area is large, and the energy consumption is high (the ton electricity consumption of the boron carbide crystal block is about 27500-28500 kwh); 2. the boron carbide smelting process has the defects of large dust and heavy pollution, so that the production environment is bad, and the purity of the product is low; 3. and the boron carbide product generated by smelting is taken out from the upper opening of the furnace body, and the furnace outlet takes up a long time and has large heat loss. Therefore, there is a need to research and develop a preparation technology which is more energy-saving, environment-friendly and can produce boron carbide in a large scale.
At present, some researches on a preparation method of boron carbide exist, for example, a preparation method of boron carbide ultrafine powder (CN 107758670A) is carried out, a boron source and a carbon source are mixed to obtain smelting raw materials, the raw materials are placed in a smelting furnace body, and the smelting furnace body is subjected to heat preservation at 1500-1900 ℃ for 24-48 hours to obtain the boron carbide ultrafine powder, so that the preparation method has the advantages, but the process energy consumption is high; the novel boron carbide smelting device can prepare boron carbide by a near-closed high-temperature treatment method, so that the pollution of impurity elements is reduced, the product crystallinity is good, the purity is higher, but arc smelting is mainly adopted, and the process energy consumption and the production cost are higher; the preparation method of the boron carbide fine powder (CN 114105144A) comprises the steps of mixing boric acid, graphite powder, deionized water and a dispersing agent in a reaction kettle, and performing heat treatment twice to obtain the boron carbide fine powder, wherein the preparation method has the advantages of complex preparation process, low production efficiency and incapability of large-scale production; the method for producing the boron carbide crystal block by using the resistance furnace (CN 106747452A) comprises the steps of pressing boric acid and a carbon reducing agent into pellets by water, then placing the pellets into the resistance furnace for heating to 1900-2500 ℃, and smelting for 20-48 h to obtain the boron carbide crystal block.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems existing in the existing boron carbide preparation, the utility model prepares boron carbide by a nearly closed vertical direct current resistance heating or alternating current arc furnace heating smelting device with a movable electrode and a bottom discharging device, and the position of a graphite electrode is dynamically adjusted by an automatic lifting device in the heating process so as to accurately control the crystallization process and smelting process of the boron carbide, and the generated boron carbide product is taken out by the bottom discharging device.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:
the vertical smelting furnace for preparing the boron carbide powder comprises a furnace body, a furnace top sealing cover, a graphite electrode, a lifting device, a one-way exhaust device and a discharge device, wherein one end of the graphite electrode is inserted into the furnace body through an opening in the furnace top sealing cover, the other end of the graphite electrode is connected with the lifting device, the lifting device consists of a support, a lifting driving piece, a lifting guide rail and a connecting rod, the other end of the graphite electrode is connected with the lifting driving piece of the lifting device through the connecting rod, and the lifting of the graphite electrode is controlled through the lifting of the lifting driving piece; two charging tanks are symmetrically arranged on the furnace top sealing cover along the center, and smelting raw materials are charged into the furnace body through the charging tanks; the graphite electrode is connected with a power supply device through a wire, and forms a current loop together with smelting raw materials in the furnace body, so that rapid heating is realized; the discharging device consists of a bottom valve plate and a hydraulic ram, and the smelted boron carbide material is rapidly discharged by adjusting the lifting of the bottom valve plate through the hydraulic ram, so that continuous production is realized; the unidirectional exhaust device is arranged on the furnace body or the furnace top sealing cover and is connected with an environment-friendly dust removing device.
Further, the number of the graphite electrodes is at least 2.
Further, the outer walls of the furnace body and the furnace top sealing cover plate are covered with heat preservation layers, and sealing layers are covered outside the heat preservation layers.
Further, the unidirectional exhaust device is of a self-operated type, an electromagnetic type or an electric type.
Further, the lifting device is of a gear transmission type or a hydraulic transmission type.
Further, the power supply device can generate stable and controllable direct current or alternating current.
The method for producing boron nitride by using the device comprises the following steps:
(1) Weighing a boron source material and a carbon source material according to a certain mass ratio, uniformly mixing the weighed boron source material and the carbon source material, and further grinding to obtain a uniformly refined smelting raw material;
(2) After a furnace top sealing cover is covered on the top end of the furnace body, a graphite electrode is inserted and contacted with a bottom plate valve;
(3) After the smelting raw materials are filled into a furnace body through a charging tank, voltage and current are regulated through a power supply device, and the smelting raw materials are heated;
(4) According to different temperature stages, the graphite electrode is lifted by an automatic lifting device during heating along with the rise of the temperature of the smelting raw material, and the insertion depth of the graphite electrode is dynamically adjusted; heating smelting raw materials to 1900-2300 ℃ to obtain a boron carbide material;
(5) Taking out the boron carbide material through a discharging device;
(6) Crushing and grinding the synthesized boron carbide material, washing and filtering twice, and grading and drying to obtain boron carbide powder.
Further, the boron source material is at least one of boric anhydride and boric acid.
Further, the carbon source material is at least one of coke, activated carbon, petroleum coke and graphite.
Further, the mass ratio of the boron source material to the carbon source material is 3-5:1.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the beneficial effects that:
according to the utility model, the boron carbide is prepared by a nearly closed vertical direct-current resistance heating or alternating-current arc furnace heating smelting device with a movable electrode and a bottom discharging device, the position of a graphite electrode is dynamically adjusted by an automatic lifting device in the heating process, so that the crystallization process and smelting process of the boron carbide are precisely controlled, and the generated boron carbide product is taken out by the bottom discharging device.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a sealed vertical DC resistance heating or AC arc heating metallurgical plant with mobile electrodes and a discharge device used in an embodiment of the utility model;
the device comprises a 1-furnace body, a 2-furnace top sealing cover, a 3-graphite electrode, a 4-lifting device, a 4 a-support, a 4 b-lifting driving piece, a 4 c-lifting guide rail, a 4 d-connecting rod, a 5-discharging device, a 5 a-bottom valve plate, a 5 b-hydraulic ram, a 6-lead, a 7-power supply device, an 8-charging tank, a 9-one-way exhaust device and a 9 a-environment-friendly dust removing device.
Detailed Description
The technical solution and effects of the present utility model will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but the scope of the present utility model is not limited thereto.
As shown in fig. 1, the sealed vertical direct current resistance heating or alternating current arc heating smelting device with a movable electrode and a discharging device used in the following embodiments comprises a furnace body 1, a furnace top closed cover 2, a graphite electrode 3, a lifting device 4, a one-way exhaust device 9 and a discharging device 5, wherein one end of the graphite electrode 3 is inserted into the furnace body 1 through an opening on the furnace top closed cover 2, the other end is connected with the lifting device 4, the lifting device 4 consists of a support 4a, a lifting driving piece 4b, a lifting guide rail 4c and a connecting rod 4d, the other end of the graphite electrode 3 is connected with the lifting driving piece 4b of the lifting device 4 through the connecting rod 4d, and the lifting of the graphite electrode 3 is controlled through the lifting of the lifting driving piece 4 b; two charging tanks 8 are symmetrically arranged on the furnace top sealing cover 2 along the center, and are one-way discharging devices with sealing devices, and smelting raw materials are charged into the furnace body 1 through the charging tanks 8; the graphite electrode 3 is connected to a power supply device 7 through a lead 6, and forms a current loop together with smelting raw materials in the furnace body 1, so that rapid heating is realized; the discharging device 5 consists of a bottom valve plate 5a and a hydraulic top 5b, is a vertical reciprocating mechanism, and is used for adjusting the lifting of the bottom valve plate 5a to rapidly discharge the smelted boron carbide material through the hydraulic top 5b, so that continuous production is realized; the unidirectional exhaust device 9 is arranged on the furnace body 1 or the furnace top closed cover 2 and is connected with the environment-friendly dust removing device 9a.
The number of graphite electrodes 3 is at least 2, and in this embodiment, 3.
The outer walls of the furnace body 1 and the furnace top sealing cover 2 are covered with heat preservation layers, and sealing layers are covered outside the heat preservation layers.
The unidirectional exhaust device 9 is of a self-operated type, an electromagnetic type or an electric type.
The lifting device 4 is of a gear transmission type or a hydraulic transmission type.
The power supply device 7 can generate stable and controllable high-voltage direct current or alternating current with the voltage of more than 1000V.
Example 1
The method for preparing the boron carbide powder by adopting the vertical smelting furnace in the embodiment comprises the following steps of:
(1) Weighing a boron source material and a carbon source material according to a mass ratio of 4:1, uniformly mixing the weighed boron source material and the carbon source material, and further grinding to obtain a uniformly refined smelting raw material;
(2) After a furnace top sealing cover is covered on the top end of the furnace body, a graphite electrode is inserted and contacted with a bottom plate valve;
(3) After the smelting raw materials are filled into a furnace body through a charging tank, voltage and current are regulated through a power supply device, and the smelting raw materials are heated;
(4) According to different temperature stages, the graphite electrode is lifted by an automatic lifting device during heating along with the rise of the temperature of the smelting raw material, and the insertion depth of the graphite electrode is dynamically adjusted; heating smelting raw materials to 1900-2300 ℃ to obtain a boron carbide material;
(5) Taking out the boron carbide material through a discharging device;
(6) Crushing and grinding the synthesized boron carbide material, washing and filtering twice, and grading and drying to obtain boron carbide powder.
Example 2
The method for preparing the boron carbide powder by adopting the vertical smelting furnace in the embodiment comprises the following steps of:
(1) Weighing a boron source material and a carbon source material according to a mass ratio of 3:1, uniformly mixing the weighed boron source material and the carbon source material, and further grinding to obtain a uniformly refined smelting raw material;
(2) After a furnace top sealing cover is covered on the top end of the furnace body, a graphite electrode is inserted and contacted with a bottom plate valve;
(3) After the smelting raw materials are filled into a furnace body through a charging tank, voltage and current are regulated through a power supply device, and the smelting raw materials are heated;
(4) According to different temperature stages, the graphite electrode is lifted by an automatic lifting device during heating along with the rise of the temperature of the smelting raw material, and the insertion depth of the graphite electrode is dynamically adjusted; heating smelting raw materials to 1900-2300 ℃ to obtain a boron carbide material;
(5) Taking out the boron carbide material through a discharging device;
(6) Crushing and grinding the synthesized boron carbide material, washing and filtering for three times, and grading and drying to obtain boron carbide powder.
The boron source material of the utility model is boric anhydride or boric acid, and the carbon source material is coke, activated carbon, petroleum coke or graphite.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present utility model, and not for limiting the same; although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the utility model, and are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims and description.
Claims (6)
1. The vertical smelting furnace for preparing the boron carbide powder is characterized by comprising a furnace body, a furnace top sealing cover, a graphite electrode, a lifting device, a one-way exhaust device and a discharge device, wherein one end of the graphite electrode is inserted into the furnace body through an opening on the furnace top sealing cover, the other end of the graphite electrode is connected with the lifting device, the lifting device consists of a support, a lifting driving piece, a lifting guide rail and a connecting rod, the other end of the graphite electrode is connected with the lifting driving piece of the lifting device through the connecting rod, and the lifting of the graphite electrode is controlled through the lifting of the lifting driving piece; two charging tanks are symmetrically arranged on the furnace top sealing cover along the center, and smelting raw materials are charged into the furnace body through the charging tanks; the graphite electrode is connected with a power supply device through a wire, and forms a current loop together with smelting raw materials in the furnace body, so that rapid heating is realized; the discharging device consists of a bottom valve plate and a hydraulic ram, and the smelted boron carbide material is rapidly discharged by adjusting the lifting of the bottom valve plate through the hydraulic ram, so that continuous production is realized; the unidirectional exhaust device is arranged on the furnace body or the furnace top sealing cover and is connected with an environment-friendly dust removing device.
2. The vertical smelting furnace for producing boron carbide powder according to claim 1, wherein the number of graphite electrodes is at least 2.
3. The vertical smelting furnace for preparing boron carbide powder according to claim 1, wherein the furnace body and the outer wall of the furnace top sealing cover plate are covered with heat insulation layers, and the heat insulation layers are covered with sealing layers.
4. The vertical smelting furnace for preparing boron carbide powder according to claim 1, wherein the unidirectional exhaust device is a self-operated type, an electromagnetic type or an electric type.
5. The vertical smelting furnace for preparing boron carbide powder according to claim 1, wherein the lifting device is of a gear drive type or a hydraulic drive type.
6. The vertical smelting furnace for preparing boron carbide powder according to claim 1, wherein the power supply device is capable of generating a stable and controllable direct current or alternating current.
Priority Applications (1)
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CN202321908522.2U CN220437099U (en) | 2023-07-20 | 2023-07-20 | Vertical smelting furnace for preparing boron carbide powder |
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CN202321908522.2U CN220437099U (en) | 2023-07-20 | 2023-07-20 | Vertical smelting furnace for preparing boron carbide powder |
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