CN220305706U - Overvoltage and undervoltage protection circuit of Darlington voltage stabilizer - Google Patents
Overvoltage and undervoltage protection circuit of Darlington voltage stabilizer Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本实用新型涉及电子电路技术领域,具体公开了一种达林顿稳压器过压欠压保护电路,所述第一电容的第一端连接MOS管的第一端,第一电容的第二端连接MOS管的第二端和第一电阻的第一端;所述第一开关模块的第二端连接电池组的负极,第一开关模块的受控端连接第一电阻的第二端、欠压保护模块的输出端和过压保护模块的输出端;所述第一稳压管的第一端连接第一电阻的第二端和达林顿稳压器的受控端,第一稳压管的第二端连接电池组的负极;所述达林顿稳压器的第二端、欠压保护模块的输入端和过压保护模块的输入端均连接VCC输出端;本实用新型能够增加稳压器电路的抗扰性,具备欠压保护和过压保护功能,防止故障时耗尽电池组电量及损坏后级电路。
The utility model relates to the technical field of electronic circuits, and specifically discloses a Darlington regulator overvoltage and undervoltage protection circuit. The first end of the first capacitor is connected to the first end of the MOS tube, and the second end of the first capacitor is connected to the first end of the first capacitor. The second end of the first switch module is connected to the second end of the MOS tube and the first end of the first resistor; the second end of the first switch module is connected to the negative electrode of the battery pack, and the controlled end of the first switch module is connected to the second end of the first resistor. The output end of the undervoltage protection module and the output end of the overvoltage protection module; the first end of the first voltage regulator tube is connected to the second end of the first resistor and the controlled end of the Darlington voltage regulator, and the first voltage regulator tube The second end of the voltage tube is connected to the negative electrode of the battery pack; the second end of the Darlington regulator, the input end of the undervoltage protection module and the input end of the overvoltage protection module are all connected to the VCC output end; the utility model can Increase the noise immunity of the voltage regulator circuit, and have under-voltage protection and over-voltage protection functions to prevent the battery pack from running out of power and damaging the subsequent circuit in the event of a fault.
Description
技术领域Technical field
本实用新型涉及电子电路技术领域,尤其涉及一种达林顿稳压器过压欠压保护电路。The utility model relates to the technical field of electronic circuits, in particular to a Darlington regulator overvoltage and undervoltage protection circuit.
背景技术Background technique
达林顿稳压器又称达林顿管、或复合管,它将两只三极管适当的连接在一起,以组成一只等效的新的三极管,这等效于三极管的放大倍数是二者之积,在电子电路设计领域中,达林顿接法常用于功率放大器和稳压电源中。Darlington regulator, also known as Darlington tube, or composite tube, properly connects two triodes together to form an equivalent new triode. This is equivalent to the amplification factor of the triode being two In the field of electronic circuit design, Darlington connection is often used in power amplifiers and regulated power supplies.
现有的达林顿稳压器电路在供电作用下没有任何有效的故障保护动作,无法起到截断故障事件的作用,如,在欠压故障状态下,容易耗尽电池组的电量,造成电量的损耗;在过压故障状态下,容易造成后级电路超出耐压而损坏,影响产品的使用以及存在一定的安全隐患。The existing Darlington voltage regulator circuit does not have any effective fault protection action under power supply, and cannot play the role of cutting off fault events. For example, in an under-voltage fault state, it is easy to drain the battery pack, causing the battery to fail. loss; in an overvoltage fault state, it is easy to cause the subsequent circuit to exceed the withstand voltage and be damaged, affecting the use of the product and posing certain safety hazards.
实用新型内容Utility model content
针对上述存在的达林顿稳压器电路容易耗尽电池组电量或造成后级电路超出耐压而损坏的问题,本实用新型提供了一种达林顿稳压器过压欠压保护电路,能够增加稳压器电路的抗扰性,具备欠压保护和过压保护功能,防止故障时耗尽电池组电量及损坏后级电路。In view of the above-mentioned problem that the Darlington regulator circuit is easy to drain the battery pack or cause the subsequent circuit to exceed the withstand voltage and be damaged, the utility model provides a Darlington regulator overvoltage and undervoltage protection circuit. It can increase the noise immunity of the voltage regulator circuit, and has under-voltage protection and over-voltage protection functions to prevent the battery pack from running out of power and damaging the subsequent circuit in the event of a fault.
为了解决上述技术问题,本实用新型提供的具体方案如下:In order to solve the above technical problems, the specific solutions provided by this utility model are as follows:
一种达林顿稳压器过压欠压保护电路,包括MOS管、第一电容、第一电阻、第一开关模块、第一稳压管、达林顿稳压器、欠压保护模块和过压保护模块;A Darlington regulator overvoltage and undervoltage protection circuit, including a MOS tube, a first capacitor, a first resistor, a first switch module, a first voltage regulator tube, a Darlington regulator, an undervoltage protection module and Overvoltage protection module;
所述MOS管的第一端连接电池组的正极,MOS管的第二端连接达林顿稳压器的第一端,MOS管的受控端连接第一开关模块的第一端;The first end of the MOS tube is connected to the positive electrode of the battery pack, the second end of the MOS tube is connected to the first end of the Darlington regulator, and the controlled end of the MOS tube is connected to the first end of the first switch module;
所述第一电容的第一端连接MOS管的第一端,第一电容的第二端连接MOS管的第二端和第一电阻的第一端;The first end of the first capacitor is connected to the first end of the MOS tube, and the second end of the first capacitor is connected to the second end of the MOS tube and the first end of the first resistor;
所述第一开关模块的第二端连接电池组的负极,第一开关模块的受控端连接第一电阻的第二端、欠压保护模块的输出端和过压保护模块的输出端;The second end of the first switch module is connected to the negative electrode of the battery pack, and the controlled end of the first switch module is connected to the second end of the first resistor, the output end of the undervoltage protection module and the output end of the overvoltage protection module;
所述第一稳压管的第一端连接第一电阻的第二端和达林顿稳压器的受控端,第一稳压管的第二端连接电池组的负极;The first end of the first voltage regulator tube is connected to the second end of the first resistor and the controlled end of the Darlington regulator, and the second end of the first voltage regulator tube is connected to the negative electrode of the battery pack;
所述达林顿稳压器的第二端、欠压保护模块的输入端和过压保护模块的输入端均连接VCC输出端。The second terminal of the Darlington voltage regulator, the input terminal of the undervoltage protection module and the input terminal of the overvoltage protection module are all connected to the VCC output terminal.
在一些实施方案中,所述第一开关模块包括第一三极管、第二电阻和第三电阻;In some embodiments, the first switch module includes a first transistor, a second resistor, and a third resistor;
所述第二电阻的第一端连接第一电阻的第二端、欠压保护模块的输出端和过压保护模块的输出端,第二电阻的第二端连接第一三极管的基极;The first end of the second resistor is connected to the second end of the first resistor, the output end of the undervoltage protection module and the output end of the overvoltage protection module, and the second end of the second resistor is connected to the base of the first transistor. ;
所述第三电阻的第一端连接第一三极管的基极,第三电阻的第二端连接电池组的负极;The first end of the third resistor is connected to the base of the first transistor, and the second end of the third resistor is connected to the negative electrode of the battery pack;
所述第一三极管的集电极连接MOS管的受控端,第一三极管的发射极连接电池组的负极,实现在第一三极管导通的情况下,能够使MOS管导通,进而电池组正常供电;在第一三极管截止的情况下,使MOS管截止,进而电池组停止供电。The collector of the first triode is connected to the controlled end of the MOS tube, and the emitter of the first triode is connected to the negative electrode of the battery pack, so that when the first triode is turned on, the MOS tube can be turned on. When the first transistor is turned off, the MOS transistor is turned off, and the battery pack stops supplying power.
在一些实施方案中,所述第一三极管的集电极与MOS管的受控端之间还设置有第四电阻,第四电阻能够使第一三极管的集电极电压随基极电流变化而在集电极电阻上电压发生改变,起到电流放大作用,促使MOS管导通。In some embodiments, a fourth resistor is provided between the collector of the first triode and the controlled end of the MOS tube. The fourth resistor can cause the collector voltage of the first triode to change with the base current. The voltage on the collector resistor changes due to the change, which plays a role in current amplification and prompts the MOS tube to conduct.
在一些实施方案中,所述MOS管的第一端与受控端之间设置有第五电阻,MOS管的第一端与电池组的正极之间设置有第一二极管,第五电阻起到提供偏置电压和泻放电阻的作用,对MOS管起到保护作用。In some embodiments, a fifth resistor is disposed between the first end of the MOS transistor and the controlled end, a first diode is disposed between the first end of the MOS transistor and the anode of the battery pack, and the fifth resistor It plays the role of providing bias voltage and discharge resistance, and protects the MOS tube.
在一些实施方案中,所述第一稳压管的第一端与达林顿稳压器的受控端之间设置有第二二极管,起到单向导电的作用,提高电路的稳定性。In some embodiments, a second diode is provided between the first end of the first voltage regulator tube and the controlled end of the Darlington voltage regulator, which acts as a unidirectional conductor and improves the stability of the circuit. sex.
在一些实施方案中,所述欠压保护模块包括依次串联连接的第三二极管、第四二极管和第五二极管,所述第三二极管的第一端连接VCC输出端,所述第五二极管的第二端连接第二电阻的第一端,实现对达林顿稳压器的欠压保护作用。In some embodiments, the undervoltage protection module includes a third diode, a fourth diode and a fifth diode connected in series, and the first end of the third diode is connected to the VCC output end. , the second end of the fifth diode is connected to the first end of the second resistor to realize under-voltage protection for the Darlington regulator.
在一些实施方案中,所述过压保护模块包括第二稳压管、第六电阻和第二三极管;In some embodiments, the overvoltage protection module includes a second voltage regulator tube, a sixth resistor, and a second transistor;
所述第二稳压管的第一端连接VCC输出端,第二稳压管的第二端连接第二三极管的基极和第六电阻的第一端,所述第六电阻的第二端连接电池组的负极;The first end of the second voltage regulator tube is connected to the VCC output terminal, the second end of the second voltage regulator tube is connected to the base of the second transistor and the first end of the sixth resistor, and the sixth resistor is connected to the first end of the second voltage regulator tube. Connect the two terminals to the negative terminal of the battery pack;
所述第二三极管的集电极连接第二电阻的第一端,第二三极管的发射极连接电池组的负极,实现对达林顿稳压器的过压保护作用。The collector of the second transistor is connected to the first end of the second resistor, and the emitter of the second transistor is connected to the negative electrode of the battery pack to achieve overvoltage protection for the Darlington regulator.
在一些实施方案中,所述过压保护模块还包括第二电容,所述第二电容的第一端连接第二稳压管的第一端,第二电容的第二端连接第六电阻的第二端,起到滤波作用,提高电路的使用稳定性。In some embodiments, the overvoltage protection module further includes a second capacitor, the first end of the second capacitor is connected to the first end of the second voltage regulator tube, and the second end of the second capacitor is connected to the sixth resistor. The second terminal plays a filtering role and improves the stability of the circuit.
在一些实施方案中,所述达林顿稳压器包括第三三极管和第四三极管,所述第三三极管的基极连接第四三极管的发射极,第三三极管的集电极和第四三极管的集电极连接电池组的正极,第三三极管的发射极连接VCC输出端,第四三极管的基极连接第一稳压管的第一端,将第三三极管和第四三极管进行连接,提高放大倍数,满足电路使用需求。In some embodiments, the Darlington regulator includes a third triode and a fourth triode, the base of the third triode is connected to the emitter of the fourth triode, and the third triode The collector of the transistor and the collector of the fourth triode are connected to the positive electrode of the battery pack, the emitter of the third triode is connected to the VCC output terminal, and the base of the fourth triode is connected to the first terminal of the first voltage regulator tube. terminal, connect the third triode and the fourth triode to increase the amplification factor and meet the circuit usage requirements.
在一些实施方案中,所述达林顿稳压器还包括第七电阻,所述第七电阻的第一端连接第三三极管的集电极和MOS管的第二端,第七电阻的第二端连接第四三极管的集电极,第七电阻能够实第三三极管的集电极电压随基极电流变化而在集电极电阻上电压发生改变,起到电流放大作用。In some embodiments, the Darlington regulator further includes a seventh resistor. The first end of the seventh resistor is connected to the collector of the third transistor and the second end of the MOS transistor. The second end is connected to the collector of the fourth triode, and the seventh resistor can realize that the collector voltage of the third triode changes with the change of the base current and the voltage on the collector resistor changes, thereby playing a current amplification role.
本实用新型提供的一种达林顿稳压器过压欠压保护电路,通过设置欠压保护模块和过压保护模块,当出现欠压故障状态或过压故障状态时,能够通过第一开关模块使MOS管截止,进而使达林顿稳压器停止工作,能够增加稳压器电路的抗扰性,具备欠压保护和过压保护功能,防止故障时耗尽电池组电量及损坏后级电路,有效提高该电路的使用稳定性和安全性。The utility model provides a Darlington regulator overvoltage and undervoltage protection circuit. By setting an undervoltage protection module and an overvoltage protection module, when an undervoltage fault state or an overvoltage fault state occurs, the first switch can The module turns off the MOS tube, thereby stopping the Darlington voltage regulator from working, which can increase the immunity of the voltage regulator circuit. It has under-voltage protection and over-voltage protection functions to prevent the battery pack from running out of power and damaging the subsequent stage during a fault. circuit, effectively improving the stability and safety of the circuit.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本实用新型实施例中提供的一种达林顿稳压器过压欠压保护电路的原理图;Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a Darlington regulator overvoltage and undervoltage protection circuit provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
图2为第一开关模块的示意图;Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the first switch module;
图3为欠压保护模块的示意图;Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the undervoltage protection module;
图4为过压保护模块的示意图;Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the overvoltage protection module;
10-第一开关模块;10-First switch module;
20-达林顿稳压器;20-Darlington regulator;
30-欠压保护模块;30-Under voltage protection module;
40-过压保护模块。40-Overvoltage protection module.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本申请的较佳实施例进行详细阐述,以使本申请的优点和特征更易被本领域技术人员理解,从而对本申请的保护范围作出更为清楚的界定。The preferred embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, so that the advantages and features of the present application can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art, and the protection scope of the present application can be more clearly defined.
请参照图式,其中相同的组件符号代表相同的组件,本申请的原理是以实施在一适当的运算环境中来举例说明。以下的说明是基于所例示的本申请具体实施例,其不应被视为限制本申请未在此详述的其它具体实施例。Please refer to the drawings, in which the same component symbols represent the same components. The principles of the present application are exemplified by implementation in a suitable computing environment. The following description is based on the illustrated specific embodiments of the present application, and should not be regarded as limiting other specific embodiments of the present application that are not described in detail here.
例如,一种达林顿稳压器过压欠压保护电路,包括MOS管、第一电容、第一电阻、第一开关模块、第一稳压管、达林顿稳压器、欠压保护模块和过压保护模块;所述MOS管的第一端连接电池组的正极,MOS管的第二端连接达林顿稳压器的第一端,MOS管的受控端连接第一开关模块的第一端;所述第一电容的第一端连接MOS管的第一端,第一电容的第二端连接MOS管的第二端和第一电阻的第一端;所述第一开关模块的第二端连接电池组的负极,第一开关模块的受控端连接第一电阻的第二端、欠压保护模块的输出端和过压保护模块的输出端;所述第一稳压管的第一端连接第一电阻的第二端和达林顿稳压器的受控端,第一稳压管的第二端连接电池组的负极;所述达林顿稳压器的第二端、欠压保护模块的输入端和过压保护模块的输入端均连接VCC输出端。For example, a Darlington regulator overvoltage and undervoltage protection circuit includes a MOS tube, a first capacitor, a first resistor, a first switch module, a first voltage regulator tube, a Darlington regulator, and undervoltage protection. module and overvoltage protection module; the first end of the MOS tube is connected to the positive electrode of the battery pack, the second end of the MOS tube is connected to the first end of the Darlington regulator, and the controlled end of the MOS tube is connected to the first switch module The first end of the first capacitor is connected to the first end of the MOS tube, and the second end of the first capacitor is connected to the second end of the MOS tube and the first end of the first resistor; the first switch The second end of the module is connected to the negative electrode of the battery pack, and the controlled end of the first switch module is connected to the second end of the first resistor, the output end of the undervoltage protection module and the output end of the overvoltage protection module; the first voltage regulator The first end of the tube is connected to the second end of the first resistor and the controlled end of the Darlington regulator, the second end of the first regulator tube is connected to the negative electrode of the battery pack; the third end of the Darlington regulator The two terminals, the input terminal of the undervoltage protection module and the input terminal of the overvoltage protection module are connected to the VCC output terminal.
本实施例提供的一种达林顿稳压器过压欠压保护电路,能够增加稳压器电路的抗扰性,具备欠压保护和过压保护功能,防止故障时耗尽电池组电量及损坏后级电路。This embodiment provides a Darlington voltage regulator overvoltage and undervoltage protection circuit, which can increase the immunity of the voltage regulator circuit, has undervoltage protection and overvoltage protection functions, and prevents the battery pack from being exhausted during a fault. Damage the downstream circuit.
实施例一:Example 1:
如图1所示,一种达林顿稳压器过压欠压保护电路,包括MOS管、第一电容、第一电阻、第一开关模块10、第一稳压管、达林顿稳压器20、欠压保护模块30和过压保护模块40,其中,MOS管为Q1、第一电容为C1、第一电阻为R5、第一稳压管为ZD2。As shown in Figure 1, a Darlington voltage regulator overvoltage and undervoltage protection circuit includes a MOS tube, a first capacitor, a first resistor, a first switch module 10, a first voltage regulator tube, and a Darlington voltage regulator. The device 20, the undervoltage protection module 30 and the overvoltage protection module 40, wherein the MOS tube is Q1, the first capacitor is C1, the first resistor is R5, and the first voltage regulator tube is ZD2.
MOS管Q1的第一端连接电池组的正极BAT+,MOS管Q1的第二端连接达林顿稳压器20的第一端,MOS管Q1的受控端连接第一开关模块10的第一端;第一电容C1的第一端连接MOS管Q1的第一端,第一电容C1的第二端连接MOS管Q1的第二端和第一电阻R5的第一端;第一开关模块10的第二端连接电池组的负极GND,第一开关模块10的受控端连接第一电阻R5的第二端、欠压保护模块30的输出端和过压保护模块40的输出端;第一稳压管ZD2的第一端连接第一电阻R5的第二端和达林顿稳压器20的受控端,第一稳压管ZD2的第二端连接电池组的负极GND;达林顿稳压器20的第二端、欠压保护模块30的输入端和过压保护模块40的输入端均连接VCC输出端。The first terminal of the MOS tube Q1 is connected to the positive terminal BAT+ of the battery pack, the second terminal of the MOS tube Q1 is connected to the first terminal of the Darlington regulator 20 , and the controlled terminal of the MOS tube Q1 is connected to the first terminal of the first switch module 10 terminal; the first terminal of the first capacitor C1 is connected to the first terminal of the MOS tube Q1, and the second terminal of the first capacitor C1 is connected to the second terminal of the MOS tube Q1 and the first terminal of the first resistor R5; the first switch module 10 The second end is connected to the negative electrode GND of the battery pack, and the controlled end of the first switch module 10 is connected to the second end of the first resistor R5, the output end of the undervoltage protection module 30 and the output end of the overvoltage protection module 40; the first The first end of the voltage regulator tube ZD2 is connected to the second end of the first resistor R5 and the controlled end of the Darlington regulator 20, and the second end of the first voltage regulator tube ZD2 is connected to the negative electrode GND of the battery pack; Darlington The second terminal of the voltage regulator 20, the input terminal of the undervoltage protection module 30 and the input terminal of the overvoltage protection module 40 are all connected to the VCC output terminal.
本示例中提供的达林顿稳压器过压欠压保护电路,用于在使用达林顿稳压器20实现电池组对后级电路供电时,在出现欠压或过压故障状态下,通过第一开关模块10使MOS管截止,进而使达林顿稳压器20停止工作。The Darlington voltage regulator overvoltage and undervoltage protection circuit provided in this example is used to use the Darlington voltage regulator 20 to realize the battery pack to supply power to the subsequent circuit. When an undervoltage or overvoltage fault occurs, The first switch module 10 turns off the MOS transistor, thereby stopping the Darlington regulator 20 from working.
该保护电路的具体工作过程如下,由于MOS管Q1与第一电容C1为并联关系,在启动时,第一电容C1瞬间短路,通过第一电阻R5使第一开关模块10导通,进而使MOS管Q1导通,电池组的正极BAT+正常供电,使第一稳压管ZD2工作在击穿区,形成稳压状态,VCC输出端输出正常电压供电给后级电路,完成达林顿稳压器20电路的启动工作。The specific working process of the protection circuit is as follows. Since the MOS transistor Q1 and the first capacitor C1 are in a parallel relationship, at startup, the first capacitor C1 is short-circuited instantaneously, and the first switch module 10 is turned on through the first resistor R5, thereby causing the MOS transistor Q1 to be connected in parallel. The tube Q1 is turned on, and the positive electrode BAT+ of the battery pack is powered normally, causing the first voltage regulator tube ZD2 to work in the breakdown zone, forming a stable voltage state. The VCC output terminal outputs normal voltage to supply power to the subsequent circuit, completing the Darlington regulator. 20 circuit start-up work.
当达林顿稳压器20出现欠压故障状态时,输出端VCC被后级电路负载拉低,通过欠压保护模块30使第一开关模块10截止,进而MOS管Q1截止,达林顿稳压器20停止工作;当达林顿稳压器20出现过压故障状态时,VCC输出端出现电压尖峰,通过过压保护模块40使第一开关模块10截止,进而MOS管Q1截止,达林顿稳压器20停止工作,由此起到欠压保护和过压保护作用,防止故障时耗尽电池组电量及损坏后级电路,有效提高该电路的使用稳定性和安全性。When an undervoltage fault occurs in the Darlington regulator 20, the output terminal VCC is pulled down by the load of the subsequent circuit, and the first switch module 10 is turned off through the undervoltage protection module 30, and then the MOS transistor Q1 is turned off, and the Darlington stabilizer The voltage regulator 20 stops working; when an overvoltage fault occurs in the Darlington regulator 20, a voltage spike appears at the VCC output, and the first switch module 10 is cut off through the overvoltage protection module 40, and then the MOS tube Q1 is cut off, and the Darlington regulator 20 is cut off. The voltage stabilizer 20 stops working, thus functioning as under-voltage protection and over-voltage protection, preventing the battery pack from being depleted of power and damaging the downstream circuit during a fault, effectively improving the stability and safety of the circuit.
实施例二:Example 2:
如图2所示,第一开关模块10包括第一三极管、第二电阻和第三电阻,第一三极管为Q4、第二电阻为R6、第三电阻为R7。As shown in FIG. 2 , the first switch module 10 includes a first transistor, a second resistor, and a third resistor. The first transistor is Q4, the second resistor is R6, and the third resistor is R7.
第二电阻R6的第一端连接第一电阻R5的第二端、欠压保护模块30的输出端和过压保护模块40的输出端,第二电阻R6的第二端连接第一三极管Q4的基极;第三电阻R7的第一端连接第一三极管Q4的基极,第三电阻R7的第二端连接电池组的负极GND;第一三极管Q4的集电极连接MOS管Q1的受控端,第一三极管Q4的发射极连接电池组的负极GND,实现在第一三极管Q4导通的情况下,能够使MOS管Q1导通,进而电池组正常供电;在第一三极管Q4截止的情况下,使MOS管Q1截止,进而电池组停止供电。The first end of the second resistor R6 is connected to the second end of the first resistor R5, the output end of the undervoltage protection module 30 and the output end of the overvoltage protection module 40. The second end of the second resistor R6 is connected to the first transistor. The base of Q4; the first end of the third resistor R7 is connected to the base of the first transistor Q4, and the second end of the third resistor R7 is connected to the negative electrode GND of the battery pack; the collector of the first transistor Q4 is connected to the MOS The controlled end of transistor Q1 and the emitter of the first transistor Q4 are connected to the negative electrode GND of the battery pack, so that when the first transistor Q4 is turned on, the MOS transistor Q1 can be turned on, so that the battery pack can supply power normally. ; When the first transistor Q4 is turned off, the MOS tube Q1 is turned off, and the battery pack stops supplying power.
具体的,在启动时,第一电容C1瞬间短路,通过第一电阻R5、第二电阻R6和第三电阻R7形成回路,对于第三电阻R7的阻值取值满足第三电阻R7形成的压降可达到第一三极管Q4导通的要求,提供短暂电压使MOS管Q1导通,电池组正常供电,使第一稳压管ZD2工作在击穿区,形成稳压状态,VCC输出端输出正常电压供电给后级电路,完成达林顿稳压器20电路的启动工作。Specifically, at startup, the first capacitor C1 is short-circuited instantaneously, and a loop is formed through the first resistor R5, the second resistor R6, and the third resistor R7. The value of the third resistor R7 satisfies the voltage formed by the third resistor R7. The voltage drop can meet the conduction requirement of the first transistor Q4, provide a short-term voltage to turn on the MOS tube Q1, and the battery pack provides normal power supply, so that the first voltage regulator ZD2 works in the breakdown zone, forming a stable voltage state, and the VCC output terminal Output normal voltage to supply power to the subsequent circuit to complete the startup work of the Darlington regulator 20 circuit.
当达林顿稳压器20出现欠压故障状态时,输出端VCC被后级电路负载拉低,通过欠压保护模块30使第一三极管Q4的基极电压拉低,第一三极管Q4截止,MOS管Q1随之截止,达林顿稳压器20停止工作;当达林顿稳压器20出现过压故障状态时,VCC输出端出现电压尖峰,通过过压保护模块40将第一三极管Q4的基极电压拉低,第一三极管Q4截止,MOS管Q1随之截止,达林顿稳压器20停止工作,实现对达林顿稳压器20的欠压保护和过压保护。When an undervoltage fault occurs in the Darlington regulator 20, the output terminal VCC is pulled low by the load of the subsequent circuit, and the base voltage of the first transistor Q4 is pulled low through the undervoltage protection module 30. The tube Q4 is cut off, and the MOS tube Q1 is cut off accordingly, and the Darlington voltage regulator 20 stops working; when the Darlington voltage regulator 20 has an overvoltage fault state, a voltage spike appears at the VCC output end, and the overvoltage protection module 40 The base voltage of the first transistor Q4 is pulled low, the first transistor Q4 is turned off, and the MOS transistor Q1 is cut off accordingly, and the Darlington voltage regulator 20 stops working, realizing undervoltage of the Darlington voltage regulator 20 protection and overvoltage protection.
在一些应用场景中,第一三极管Q4的集电极与MOS管Q1的受控端之间还设置有第四电阻,第四电阻为R4,第四电阻R4能够使第一三极管Q4的集电极电压随基极电流变化而在集电极电阻上电压发生改变,起到电流放大作用,促使MOS管Q1导通。In some application scenarios, a fourth resistor is provided between the collector of the first transistor Q4 and the controlled end of the MOS transistor Q1. The fourth resistor is R4. The fourth resistor R4 can make the first transistor Q4 The collector voltage changes as the base current changes, and the voltage on the collector resistor changes, which acts as a current amplifier and prompts the MOS tube Q1 to turn on.
MOS管Q1的第一端与受控端之间设置有第五电阻,第五电阻为R3,MOS管Q1的第一端与电池组的正极BAT+之间设置有第一二极管,第一二极管为D2,第五电阻R3起到提供偏置电压和泻放电阻的作用,对MOS管Q1起到保护作用,第一二极管D2起到单向导电的作用,提高电路的稳定性。A fifth resistor is provided between the first end of the MOS transistor Q1 and the controlled end, and the fifth resistor is R3. A first diode is provided between the first end of the MOS transistor Q1 and the positive electrode BAT+ of the battery pack. The diode is D2, the fifth resistor R3 serves to provide bias voltage and discharge resistance, and protects the MOS tube Q1. The first diode D2 serves to conduct electricity in one direction, improving the stability of the circuit. sex.
在第一稳压管ZD2的第一端与达林顿稳压器20的受控端之间设置有第二二极管,第二二极管为D3,第二二极管D3起到单向导电的作用,提高电路的稳定性。A second diode is provided between the first end of the first voltage regulator tube ZD2 and the controlled end of the Darlington regulator 20. The second diode is D3. The second diode D3 functions as a single It acts as a conductor to improve the stability of the circuit.
实施例三:Embodiment three:
如图3所示,欠压保护模块30包括依次串联连接的第三二极管、第四二极管和第五二极管,第三二极管为D4、第四二极管为D5、第五二极管为D6,第三二极管D4的第一端连接VCC输出端,第五二极管D6的第二端连接第二电阻R6的第一端,实现对达林顿稳压器20的欠压保护作用。As shown in FIG. 3 , the undervoltage protection module 30 includes a third diode, a fourth diode and a fifth diode connected in series. The third diode is D4, the fourth diode is D5, The fifth diode is D6, the first end of the third diode D4 is connected to the VCC output end, and the second end of the fifth diode D6 is connected to the first end of the second resistor R6 to achieve Darlington voltage stabilization. The undervoltage protection function of device 20.
在达林顿稳压器20出现欠压故障状态时,输出端VCC被后级电路负载拉低,第三二极管D4、第四二极管D5和第五二极管D6导通,会将第一三极管Q4的基极电压拉低,第一三极管Q4截止,MOS管Q1随之截止,达林顿稳压器20停止工作。When an undervoltage fault occurs in the Darlington regulator 20, the output terminal VCC is pulled low by the load of the subsequent circuit, and the third diode D4, the fourth diode D5 and the fifth diode D6 are turned on, causing the The base voltage of the first transistor Q4 is pulled down, the first transistor Q4 is turned off, the MOS transistor Q1 is cut off accordingly, and the Darlington regulator 20 stops working.
此处使用第三二极管D4、第四二极管D5和第五二极管D6是保证在正常情况下,当达林顿稳压器20导通时,第三二极管D4、第四二极管D5和第五二极管D6由于压降过小不足以导通,第二电阻R6和第三电阻R7分压,第三电阻R7的电压需要约大于0.7V且小于2V,使第一三极管Q4能够在正常状态下导通,在出现欠压故障时截止。The third diode D4, the fourth diode D5 and the fifth diode D6 are used here to ensure that under normal circumstances, when the Darlington regulator 20 is turned on, the third diode D4, the fourth diode D4 and the fifth diode D6 are used. The voltage drop of the fourth diode D5 and the fifth diode D6 is too small to conduct, so the second resistor R6 and the third resistor R7 divide the voltage. The voltage of the third resistor R7 needs to be approximately greater than 0.7V and less than 2V, so that The first transistor Q4 can be turned on under normal conditions and turned off when an undervoltage fault occurs.
实施例四:Embodiment 4:
如图4所示,过压保护模块40包括第二稳压管、第六电阻和第二三极管,第二稳压管为ZD1、第六电阻为R8、第二三极管为Q5,第二稳压管ZD1的第一端连接VCC输出端,第二稳压管ZD1的第二端连接第二三极管Q5的基极和第六电阻R8的第一端,第六电阻R8的第二端连接电池组的负极GND;第二三极管Q5的集电极连接第二电阻R6的第一端,第二三极管Q5的发射极连接电池组的负极GND,实现对达林顿稳压器20的过压保护作用。As shown in Figure 4, the overvoltage protection module 40 includes a second voltage regulator tube, a sixth resistor, and a second triode. The second voltage regulator tube is ZD1, the sixth resistor is R8, and the second triode is Q5. The first terminal of the second voltage stabilizing tube ZD1 is connected to the VCC output terminal, and the second terminal of the second voltage stabilizing tube ZD1 is connected to the base of the second transistor Q5 and the first terminal of the sixth resistor R8. The second end is connected to the negative electrode GND of the battery pack; the collector of the second transistor Q5 is connected to the first end of the second resistor R6, and the emitter of the second transistor Q5 is connected to the negative electrode GND of the battery pack to realize Darlington Overvoltage protection function of voltage regulator 20.
当达林顿稳压器20出现过压故障状态时,VCC输出端出现电压尖峰,当电压尖峰达到第二稳压管ZD1的击穿电压时,第二稳压管ZD1工作在击穿状态,流过第六电阻R8的电流,使第六电阻R8两端形成压降,导通第二三极管Q5,将第一三极管Q4的基极电压拉低,第一三极管Q4截止,MOS管Q1随之截止,达林顿稳压器20停止工作,实现对达林顿稳压器20的过压保护。When the Darlington regulator 20 has an overvoltage fault state, a voltage spike appears at the VCC output terminal. When the voltage spike reaches the breakdown voltage of the second voltage regulator tube ZD1, the second voltage regulator tube ZD1 works in the breakdown state. The current flowing through the sixth resistor R8 causes a voltage drop across the sixth resistor R8, turning on the second transistor Q5, pulling down the base voltage of the first transistor Q4, and turning off the first transistor Q4. , the MOS transistor Q1 is cut off, and the Darlington voltage regulator 20 stops working, thereby realizing overvoltage protection for the Darlington voltage regulator 20 .
在一个示例中,过压保护模块40还包括第二电容,第二电容为C2,第二电容C2的第一端连接第二稳压管ZD1的第一端,第二电容C2的第二端连接第六电阻R8的第二端,二电容C2起到滤波作用,提高电路的使用稳定性。In one example, the overvoltage protection module 40 further includes a second capacitor, the second capacitor is C2, the first end of the second capacitor C2 is connected to the first end of the second voltage regulator tube ZD1, and the second end of the second capacitor C2 Connected to the second end of the sixth resistor R8, the second capacitor C2 plays a filtering role to improve the stability of the circuit.
实施例五:Embodiment five:
达林顿稳压器20包括第三三极管和第四三极管,第三三极管为Q2,第四三极管为Q3,第三三极管Q2的基极连接第四三极管Q3的发射极,第三三极管Q2的集电极和第四三极管Q3的集电极连接电池组的正极BAT+,第三三极管Q2的发射极连接VCC输出端,第四三极管Q3的基极连接第一稳压管ZD2的第一端,将第三三极管Q2和第四三极管Q3进行连接,提高放大倍数,满足电路使用需求。The Darlington regulator 20 includes a third triode and a fourth triode. The third triode is Q2 and the fourth triode is Q3. The base of the third triode Q2 is connected to the fourth triode. The emitter of tube Q3, the collector of the third triode Q2 and the collector of the fourth triode Q3 are connected to the positive electrode BAT+ of the battery pack, the emitter of the third triode Q2 is connected to the VCC output, and the fourth triode The base of the tube Q3 is connected to the first end of the first voltage stabilizing tube ZD2, and the third transistor Q2 and the fourth transistor Q3 are connected to increase the amplification factor and meet the circuit usage requirements.
达林顿稳压器20还包括第七电阻,第七电阻为R2,第七电阻R2的第一端连接第三三极管Q2的集电极和MOS管Q1的第二端,第七电阻R2的第二端连接第四三极管Q3的集电极,第七电阻R2能够实第三三极管Q2的集电极电压随基极电流变化而在集电极电阻上电压发生改变,起到电流放大作用。The Darlington regulator 20 also includes a seventh resistor, which is R2. The first end of the seventh resistor R2 is connected to the collector of the third transistor Q2 and the second end of the MOS tube Q1. The seventh resistor R2 The second end is connected to the collector of the fourth transistor Q3. The seventh resistor R2 can realize that the collector voltage of the third transistor Q2 changes with the change of the base current and the voltage on the collector resistor changes, thereby amplifying the current. effect.
综上所述,本实用新型提供的一种达林顿稳压器过压欠压保护电路,通过设置欠压保护模块和过压保护模块,当出现欠压故障状态或过压故障状态时,能够通过第一开关模块使MOS管截止,进而使达林顿稳压器停止工作,能够增加稳压器电路的抗扰性,具备欠压保护和过压保护功能,防止故障时耗尽电池组电量及损坏后级电路,有效提高该电路的使用稳定性和安全性。To sum up, the utility model provides a Darlington regulator overvoltage and undervoltage protection circuit. By setting an undervoltage protection module and an overvoltage protection module, when an undervoltage fault state or an overvoltage fault state occurs, It can cut off the MOS tube through the first switch module, thereby stopping the Darlington voltage regulator from working. It can increase the immunity of the voltage regulator circuit and has under-voltage protection and over-voltage protection functions to prevent the battery pack from being exhausted in the event of a fault. power and damage to the subsequent circuit, effectively improving the stability and safety of the circuit.
本文所使用的术语“模块”可为在该运算系统上执行的软件或硬件对象。本文所述的不同组件、模块、引擎及服务可为在该运算系统上的实施对象。而本文所述的装置及方法可以以软件的方式进行实施,当然也可在硬件上进行实施,均在本申请保护范围之内。The term "module" as used herein may be a software or hardware object executing on the computing system. The various components, modules, engines, and services described herein may be implemented on the computing system. The devices and methods described in this article can be implemented in the form of software, and of course can also be implemented in hardware, which are all within the scope of protection of this application.
在本文中提及“实施例”意味着,结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例,也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是,本文所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。Reference herein to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearances of this phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. Those skilled in the art understand, both explicitly and implicitly, that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.
在本申请的描述中,需要说明的是,除非另有明确的规定和限定,术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解,例如,可以是固定连接,也可以是可拆卸连接,或一体地连接;可以是机械连接,也可以是电连接或可以相互通讯;可以是直接相连,也可以通过中间媒介间接相连,可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly stated and limited, the terms "installation", "connection" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection. Connection, or integral connection; it can be mechanical connection, electrical connection or mutual communication; it can be direct connection, or indirect connection through an intermediary, it can be internal connection of two elements or interaction of two elements relation. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.
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CN202321802945.6U Active CN220305706U (en) | 2023-07-10 | 2023-07-10 | Overvoltage and undervoltage protection circuit of Darlington voltage stabilizer |
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CN (1) | CN220305706U (en) |
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2023
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