CN212875662U - Power protection circuit and power - Google Patents
Power protection circuit and power Download PDFInfo
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- CN212875662U CN212875662U CN202021553393.6U CN202021553393U CN212875662U CN 212875662 U CN212875662 U CN 212875662U CN 202021553393 U CN202021553393 U CN 202021553393U CN 212875662 U CN212875662 U CN 212875662U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a power supply protection circuit and a power supply, wherein the power supply protection circuit comprises a power supply positive terminal, a power supply negative terminal, a surge and reverse connection module, a surge control module and a steady state control module; the power supply positive terminal is connected to the input end of the steady state control module, the output end of the steady state control module is connected to the input ends of the surge and reverse connection modules, the output end of the steady state control module is connected to the input end of the surge control module, the output end of the surge control module is connected to the input ends of the surge and reverse connection modules, and the output ends of the surge and reverse connection modules are connected to the power supply negative terminal. The utility model discloses not only have surge current inhibiting action and the protection of switching over concurrently, have the characteristics that reduce power consumption moreover. The utility model discloses can wide application in power technical field.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a power technical field especially relates to a power protection circuit and power.
Background
The direct-current switch power supply is widely applied to industries such as various electronic instruments and direct-current motor dragging, the requirements of users on the stability and the reliability of the direct-current switch power supply are high, and the input end of the direct-current switch power supply is expected to be protected in time when an abnormal fault occurs, so that the direct-current switch power supply or electrical equipment is prevented from being damaged.
The inrush current (surge current) is a current characteristic of the electrical device at the time of turning on, and generally has a large impact on the dc switching power supply and the electrical device, and therefore, it is necessary to suppress the inrush current.
In the prior art, a surge prevention (surge suppression) technology is generally used to suppress the impact of surge current on a dc switching power supply by connecting a resistor to a current loop. As for the reverse connection prevention technology, a diode is usually adopted for realizing the reverse connection prevention technology, and when an input power supply is reversely connected, a current loop is prevented from occurring by utilizing the one-way conductivity of the diode, so that the reverse connection protection function of the power supply is realized.
The common power protection circuit only has an anti-surge function circuit, and as for the anti-reverse connection function circuit, an independent circuit needs to be arranged for realization, so the anti-reverse connection circuit and the anti-surge circuit are usually arranged separately. Although the above surge prevention technique achieves suppression of a surge current of a dc power supply and the reverse connection prevention technique achieves a reverse connection protection function of the power supply, the connected resistor or diode continues to operate in a circuit after the surge prevention and reverse connection prevention are performed, and a large amount of power is lost in the resistor or diode, thereby reducing the power supply efficiency.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In order to solve the technical problem, the utility model aims to provide a: a power protection circuit and a power supply are provided.
The utility model discloses the first technical scheme who takes is:
a power supply protection circuit comprises a power supply positive terminal, a power supply negative terminal, a surge and reverse connection module, a surge control module and a steady-state control module;
the power supply positive terminal is connected to the input end of the steady state control module, the output end of the steady state control module is connected to the input ends of the surge and reverse connection modules, the output end of the steady state control module is connected to the input end of the surge control module, the output end of the surge control module is connected to the input ends of the surge and reverse connection modules, and the output ends of the surge and reverse connection modules are connected to the power supply negative terminal.
Further, the steady-state control module comprises a first resistor, a second resistor and a first capacitor;
one end of the first resistor is connected with the positive end of the power supply, the other end of the first resistor is connected with one end of the second resistor, one end of the first capacitor is connected with one end of the second resistor, and the other end of the first capacitor is connected with the other end of the second resistor.
Further, the surge and reverse connection module comprises a first field effect transistor, a second field effect transistor, a fifth resistor and a second capacitor;
the source electrode of the first field effect transistor is connected with the source electrode of the second field effect transistor to obtain a first node, and the first node is also connected with the other end of the first capacitor;
one end of the fifth resistor is connected with the first node, the other end of the fifth resistor is connected with the drain electrode of the second field effect transistor to obtain a second node, the second node is further connected to one end of a second capacitor, the second node is further connected to one end of the second capacitor, and the other end of the second capacitor is connected to the positive end of the power supply.
Further, the surge control module comprises a third resistor, a fourth resistor, a second voltage stabilizing diode and a third triode;
one end of the fourth resistor is connected to the second node, the other end of the fourth resistor is connected to the cathode of the second zener diode, the anode of the second zener diode is connected to one end of the third resistor, one end of the third resistor is also connected to the base of the third triode, and the other end of the third resistor is connected to the first node;
an emitter of the third triode is connected to the first node, and a collector of the third triode is connected to a grid electrode of the first field effect transistor.
Further, the steady-state control module further comprises a first voltage stabilizing diode, wherein the cathode of the first voltage stabilizing diode is connected with one end of the first capacitor, and the anode of the first voltage stabilizing diode is connected with the other end of the first capacitor.
Furthermore, two ends of the super capacitor bank are connected with a lithium battery bank in parallel.
The utility model discloses the second technical scheme who takes is:
a power supply comprising a power protection circuit as claimed in any preceding claim.
The utility model has the advantages that: after surge current impacts, the surge and reverse connection module is controlled through the steady-state control module, so that the power supply protection circuit works in a stable state, power consumption is reduced, and power efficiency is improved. In addition, when the power supply connected to the power supply protection circuit is reversely connected, the damage of the power supply circuit and the electrical equipment caused by reverse connection can be prevented through the surge and reverse connection module, the surge current suppression function and the reverse connection protection function are achieved, and the power consumption is reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a power protection circuit according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to the present preferred embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout.
In the present invention, if directions (up, down, left, right, front, and rear) are described, it is only for convenience of describing the technical solution of the present invention, and it is not intended or implied that the technical features referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, it is not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the invention, the meaning of "a plurality" is one or more, the meaning of "a plurality" is more than two, and the terms of "more than", "less than", "more than" and the like are understood to exclude the number; the terms "above", "below", "within" and the like are understood to include the instant numbers. In the description of the present invention, if there is description of "first" and "second" only for the purpose of distinguishing technical features, it is not to be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features or implicitly indicating the precedence of the indicated technical features.
In the present invention, unless otherwise specifically limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and the like are to be understood in a broad sense, and for example, may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate; can be fixedly connected, can also be detachably connected and can also be integrally formed; may be mechanically coupled, may be electrically coupled or may be capable of communicating with each other; either as communication within the two elements or as an interactive relationship of the two elements. The specific meaning of the above-mentioned words in the present invention can be reasonably determined by those skilled in the art in combination with the detailed contents of the technical solutions.
The invention will be further explained and explained with reference to the drawings and the embodiments in the following description.
To at least partially solve one of the above problems, referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a power protection circuit, which includes a power positive terminal DC +, a power negative terminal DC-, a surge and reverse connection module 30, a surge control module 20, and a steady state control module 10;
the positive power terminal DC + is connected to the input terminal of the steady-state control module 10, the output terminal of the steady-state control module 10 is connected to the input terminal of the surge and reverse connection module 30, the output terminal of the steady-state control module 10 is connected to the input terminal of the surge control module 20, the output terminal of the surge control module 20 is connected to the input terminal of the surge and reverse connection module 30, and the output terminal of the surge and reverse connection module 30 is connected to the negative power terminal DC-.
The steady-state control module 10 is configured to control the working state of the surge and reverse connection module 30, so that the power protection circuit enters a stable current output state, thereby reducing power consumption. The steady-state control module 10 comprises a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, and a first capacitor C1;
one end of the first resistor R1 is connected with the positive power supply terminal DC +, the other end of the first resistor R1 is connected with one end of the second resistor R2, one end of the first capacitor C1 is connected with one end of the second resistor R2, and the other end of the first capacitor C1 is connected with the other end of the second resistor R2.
In addition, the steady-state control module 10 further includes a first zener diode ZD1, a cathode of the first zener diode ZD1 is connected to one end of the first capacitor C1, and an anode of the first zener diode ZD1 is connected to the other end of the first capacitor C1. The first zener diode ZD1 can maintain the input voltage at a fixed voltage value, and the first capacitor C1 is connected to the source and gate of the first fet Q1 and the source and gate of the second fet Q2, respectively, to provide a conduction voltage drop for the first fet Q1 and the second fet Q2, and once the voltage across the first capacitor C1 is too large, the first and second fets Q1 and Q2 will be broken down, so the first zener diode ZD1 can effectively prevent the first fet Q1 and the second fet Q2 from being broken down by high voltage.
The surge and reverse module 30 is used to suppress surge current and prevent power supply reverse connection at power up. The surge and reverse connection module 30 comprises a first field effect transistor Q1, a second field effect transistor Q2, a fifth resistor R5 and a second capacitor C2;
the source electrode of the first field effect transistor Q1 is connected with the source electrode of the second field effect transistor Q2 to obtain a first node M, and the first node M is also connected with the other end of the first capacitor C1;
one end of the fifth resistor R5 is connected to the first node M, the other end of the fifth resistor R5 is connected to the drain of the second fet Q2 to obtain a second node N, the second node N is further connected to one end of the second capacitor C2, the second node N is further connected to the other end of the second capacitor C2, and the other end of the second capacitor C2 is connected to the positive power supply terminal DC +.
The surge control module 20 is used for controlling the surge and the reverse connection module 30 to stably play a role of suppressing the surge current. The surge control module 20 comprises a third resistor R3, a fourth resistor R4, a second zener diode ZD2 and a third triode Q3;
one end of a fourth resistor R4 is connected to the second node N, the other end of the fourth resistor R4 is connected to the cathode of a second zener diode ZD2, the anode of the second zener diode ZD2 is connected to one end of a third resistor R3, one end of a third resistor R3 is also connected to the base of a third triode Q3, and the other end of the third resistor R3 is connected to the first node M;
an emitter of the third transistor Q3 is connected to the first node M, and a collector of the third transistor Q3 is connected to a gate of the first field effect transistor Q1.
The second zener diode ZD2 is used to prevent the malfunction of the third triode Q3, and the specific principle is as follows: the third transistor has a conduction voltage drop of only 0.7V, which is easily affected by external factors, and thus the first fet Q1 and the second fet Q2 of the surge and reverse module 30 are abnormally turned off or on. If the voltage at the second node N is relatively large and the second zener diode ZD2 is not present, the third transistor Q3 is turned on, so that the first fet Q1 and the second fet Q2 are turned off and cannot operate.
The following is a description of the working principle of the present invention, so as to explain the implementation process of the present application more specifically:
when the electrical equipment is started, the power supply circuit supplies power to the electrical equipment, the electrical equipment can generate larger direct current to enter the power supply circuit at the moment of switching on, and the larger direct current is surge current, so that the power supply protection circuit is arranged in the power supply circuit to prevent the surge current from damaging the power supply circuit and the electrical equipment.
When the electrical equipment is started, direct current is input from a power supply positive terminal DC + of the power supply protection circuit and sequentially flows through a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2 and a body diode of a first field effect transistor Q1 to form a first current loop, the body diode is a parasitic diode in the field effect transistor, the parasitic diode is a PN junction part existing between a source electrode and a drain electrode of the field effect transistor, and under the condition that the field effect transistor is in a cut-off state, the parasitic diode is in a conducting state, current can flow through the field effect transistor, and the conducting voltage drop of the body diode is usually lower than that of the field effect transistor. During the formation of the first current loop, current flows through the second resistor R2, thereby slowly charging the second capacitor C2 connected in parallel with the second resistor R2.
The current is input from the positive terminal DC + of the power supply, flows through the second capacitor C2, the fifth resistor R5 and the body diode of the first field effect transistor Q1 in sequence, and flows to the negative terminal DC of the power supply to form a second current loop, in the second current loop, because the current flowing through the second loop is very large when the power supply is started, namely, the surge current is generated, the fifth resistor R5 is used for limiting the current, the purpose of restraining the surge current is achieved by limiting the larger surge current to be small current, specifically, the fifth resistor R5 can be realized by a thermistor, the thermistor can be quickly heated under the action of the current, the resistance value is quickly increased, the large surge current is limited to be small current, and the purpose of restraining the surge current is finally achieved.
When the power-on is started, the current flowing through the second current loop is relatively large, the voltage across the fifth resistor R5 is relatively large (at this time, the voltage across the fifth resistor R5 breaks through the second zener diode ZD2), because the fourth resistor R4, the second zener diode ZD2 and the third resistor R3 are sequentially connected in series and then connected in parallel with the fifth resistor R5, when the voltage across the fifth resistor R5 is relatively large, the voltage across the third resistor R3 is relatively large, when the voltage across the third resistor R3 is greater than the conduction voltage drop of the third triode Q3, the third triode Q3 is turned on, the gate voltage of the first fet Q1 and the gate voltage of the second fet Q2 are lowered, so that the first fet Q1 and the second fet Q2 are in the off state, and the surge control module 20 controls the first fet Q1 and the second fet Q2 to be in the off state, thereby ensuring that the current only flows into the DC surge current loop through the second DC resistor R5 The DC-signal cannot flow into the negative power supply terminal through the second field effect transistor Q2, and the fifth resistor R5 is guaranteed to stably suppress the surge current.
After the surge current is impacted, if the fifth resistor R5 continues to operate, the power protection circuit will consume a larger power on the fifth resistor R5, so that the fifth resistor R5 in the surge and reverse connection module 30 controlled by the steady-state control module 10 does not operate after the surge suppression function is performed, and the power loss can be reduced. The specific implementation process is as follows:
after the surge current is impacted, the current passing through the fifth resistor R5 is small, so the voltage distributed on the second zener diode ZD2 cannot break down the second zener diode ZD2, which makes the base of the third triode Q3 unable to conduct because no voltage is applied, because the second capacitor C2 is charged, the voltage across the second capacitor C2 has reached the threshold voltage of the first fet Q1 and the second fet Q2, therefore, the first fet Q1 and the second fet Q2 are conducted, and then the current is input from the positive terminal DC + of the power supply, and flows through the second capacitor C2, the second fet Q2 and the first fet Q1 in sequence, and flows to the negative terminal DC of the power supply, so as to form a third current loop, that is, after the surge current is impacted, the fifth resistor R5 is short-circuited by using the second fet Q2, so the current no longer flows through the fifth resistor R5, and thus no power consumption occurs on the fifth resistor R5, and the internal resistance of the second field effect transistor Q2 is extremely small, so that the generated power consumption is small, the power supply enters a stable working state, and the fifth resistor R5 does not work continuously after playing a role of inhibiting surge current, thereby saving the power consumption and improving the power supply efficiency.
When the power supply is reversely connected, because the first field effect transistor Q1 cannot be conducted and the body diode of the first field effect transistor Q1 cannot be conducted, the current cannot form a loop between the negative end DC-of the power supply and the positive end DC + of the power supply, so that the power supply and the electric equipment are protected when the power supply is reversely connected, the body diode of the first field effect transistor Q1 is adopted to replace a diode in the existing reverse connection prevention technology, and no extra diode needs to be connected, so that the power consumption can be reduced.
As can be seen from the above, the power protection circuit of the present application suppresses the surge current through the fifth resistor R5 of the surge and reverse connection module 30, and after the surge current impacts, the first fet 10 controls the fifth resistor R5 in the surge and reverse connection module 30 to stop working, so that the power protection circuit works in a stable state, power consumption is reduced, and power efficiency is improved. In addition, when the power supply connected to the power supply protection circuit is reversely connected, the body diode passing through the first field effect transistor Q1 in the surge and reverse connection module 30 is directly used to prevent the damage of the power supply circuit and the electrical equipment caused by the reverse connection without connecting redundant elements.
In addition, the application also provides a power supply, which comprises the circuit protection circuit, and the power supply is used for supplying power to the electrical equipment, so that surge current can be effectively inhibited, and the reverse connection of the power supply can be prevented.
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make various equivalent modifications or substitutions without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and such equivalent modifications or substitutions are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A power supply protection circuit is characterized by comprising a power supply positive terminal, a power supply negative terminal, a surge and reverse connection module, a surge control module and a steady-state control module;
the power supply positive terminal is connected to the input end of the steady state control module, the output end of the steady state control module is connected to the input ends of the surge and reverse connection modules, the output end of the steady state control module is connected to the input end of the surge control module, the output end of the surge control module is connected to the input ends of the surge and reverse connection modules, and the output ends of the surge and reverse connection modules are connected to the power supply negative terminal.
2. The power protection circuit of claim 1, wherein the steady state control module comprises a first resistor, a second resistor and a first capacitor;
one end of the first resistor is connected with the positive end of the power supply, the other end of the first resistor is connected with one end of the second resistor, one end of the first capacitor is connected with one end of the second resistor, and the other end of the first capacitor is connected with the other end of the second resistor.
3. The power protection circuit of claim 2, wherein the surge and reverse connection module comprises a first field effect transistor, a second field effect transistor, a fifth resistor and a second capacitor;
the source electrode of the first field effect transistor is connected with the source electrode of the second field effect transistor to obtain a first node, and the first node is also connected with the other end of the first capacitor;
one end of the fifth resistor is connected with the first node, the other end of the fifth resistor is connected with the drain electrode of the second field effect transistor to obtain a second node, the second node is further connected to one end of a second capacitor, the second node is further connected to one end of the second capacitor, and the other end of the second capacitor is connected to the positive end of the power supply.
4. The power protection circuit of claim 3, wherein the surge control module comprises a third resistor, a fourth resistor, a second zener diode, and a third transistor;
one end of the fourth resistor is connected to the second node, the other end of the fourth resistor is connected to the cathode of the second zener diode, the anode of the second zener diode is connected to one end of the third resistor, one end of the third resistor is also connected to the base of the third triode, and the other end of the third resistor is connected to the first node;
an emitter of the third triode is connected to the first node, and a collector of the third triode is connected to a grid electrode of the first field effect transistor.
5. A power protection circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the steady-state control module further comprises a first zener diode, a cathode of the first zener diode being connected to one end of the first capacitor, and an anode of the first zener diode being connected to the other end of the first capacitor.
6. A power supply comprising a power protection circuit as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202021553393.6U CN212875662U (en) | 2020-07-30 | 2020-07-30 | Power protection circuit and power |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202021553393.6U CN212875662U (en) | 2020-07-30 | 2020-07-30 | Power protection circuit and power |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN212875662U true CN212875662U (en) | 2021-04-02 |
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| CN202021553393.6U Active CN212875662U (en) | 2020-07-30 | 2020-07-30 | Power protection circuit and power |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114070031A (en) * | 2021-09-29 | 2022-02-18 | 中车工业研究院有限公司 | Start control protection power input device |
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2020
- 2020-07-30 CN CN202021553393.6U patent/CN212875662U/en active Active
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114070031A (en) * | 2021-09-29 | 2022-02-18 | 中车工业研究院有限公司 | Start control protection power input device |
| CN114070031B (en) * | 2021-09-29 | 2024-03-26 | 中车工业研究院有限公司 | Start control protection power input device |
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