CN220254353U - Switch capacitor converter slow start circuit - Google Patents
Switch capacitor converter slow start circuit Download PDFInfo
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- CN220254353U CN220254353U CN202321567233.0U CN202321567233U CN220254353U CN 220254353 U CN220254353 U CN 220254353U CN 202321567233 U CN202321567233 U CN 202321567233U CN 220254353 U CN220254353 U CN 220254353U
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- 208000031361 Hiccup Diseases 0.000 description 12
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- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 7
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a slow starting circuit of a switched capacitor power converter, which comprises a first switching tube, a second switching tube, a normally-on switching tube, a diode, a resistor and an output capacitor, wherein the first switching tube and the second switching tube are arranged between the input end and the grounding end of the switched capacitor power converter; a bootstrap capacitor, a bootstrap power supply diode and a driving power supply capacitor which are connected through wires; the other end of the bootstrap capacitor is connected between the normally-on switching tube and the diode through a lead; the negative pole of bootstrap power supply diode is located and is close to one side of normally-on switching tube, drives the power supply capacitor other end and is connected on the source electrode of the highest voltage side switching tube of switched capacitor power converter through the wire.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of power supply conversion, in particular to a slow start or hot plug circuit of a switched capacitor converter.
Background
The switch capacitor converter has the advantages of less magnetic or non-magnetic devices, small volume, high power density, high efficiency, low EMI, low noise and the like. However, since the switched capacitor converter has a large number of capacitors, at the moment of starting, the capacitors are approximately shorted, and a large surge current is generated, which greatly increases the risk of damaging the capacitors. Since the switched capacitor converter uses a large number of low-voltage switching tubes at the same time, the impact current at the moment of starting can also increase the risk of damage to the switching tubes. When the switching tube works in a switching state at the moment of starting, larger impulse voltage can be caused on the low-voltage switching tube by larger turn-off current, so that overvoltage breakdown damage of the low-voltage switching tube is easy to cause. The above problems also exist at the moment of circuit hot plug, resulting in damage to the switched capacitor converter.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems to be solved by the utility model are as follows: the slow start circuit has the advantages of simple structure, small volume and low cost, can be applied to the switch capacitance converter, reduces the voltage/current stress of the switch capacitance converter at the starting moment, and improves the reliability of the circuit.
In order to solve the technical problems, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:
the slow starting circuit of the switched capacitor converter comprises a first switching tube Q1 and a second switching tube Q2 which are sequentially arranged between an input end of the switched capacitor power converter and a grounding end and connected through a wire, a normally-on switching tube Q3, a diode D1, a resistor R1 and an output capacitor Co which are sequentially arranged between the input end of the switched capacitor power converter and the grounding end and connected through the wire, wherein the cathode of the diode D1 is positioned at one side close to the normally-on switching tube Q3, and an output inductor Lo is connected between the first switching tube Q1 and the second switching tube Q2 through one end of the wire, and the other end of the output inductor Lo is connected between the resistor R1 and the output capacitor Co;
the device also comprises a bootstrap capacitor Cbst2, a bootstrap power supply diode D2 and a driving power supply capacitor Cbst1 which are sequentially connected through wires; the other end of the bootstrap capacitor Cbst2 is connected between the normally-on switching tube Q3 and the diode D1 through a lead; the cathode of the bootstrap power supply diode D2 is positioned at one side close to the normally-on switching tube Q3, and the other end of the driving power supply capacitor Cbst1 is connected to the source electrode of the highest-voltage side switching tube of the switching capacitor power supply converter through a lead.
As a preferable embodiment, the normally-on switching transistor Q3 is a switching transistor having a low on-resistance.
The beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows:
(1) The slow start circuit has the function of buffering the voltage V at two ends of the output capacitor Co in the start circuit in the slow start process Co Pulled up to Vin with a slope. In the starting process, the duty ratio of the first switching tube Q1 in the slow starting circuit is increased from 0% to 100%, so that the voltage V at two ends of the output capacitor Co in the slow starting circuit Co The voltage increases from 0V to Vin.
(2) The series resistor R1 and the diode D1 form a current limiting and backflow preventing circuit. The resistor R1 plays a role in limiting current, so as to limit the sudden short circuit of the switched capacitor converter during starting or the excessive impact current generated by the short circuit before starting, thereby burning out the slow start circuit. In addition, when the rear end of the switch capacitor converter is connected with a larger capacitive load, the resistor R1 can also play a role in current limiting protection.
The diode D1 functions to prevent current back flow during start-up of the switched capacitor converter. When the rear end of the switch capacitor converter is connected with a larger capacitive load, the slow start circuit adopts a hiccup type start mode. In the hiccup type starting process, the duty ratio of a first switching tube Q1 in a slow starting circuit is increased from 0% to a certain value, then the duty ratio is increased from 0% to a certain value again, the operation is repeated in a circulating mode until Vin' voltage approaches Vin, and then a normally-on switching tube Q3 is closed.
(3) The switching tube Q3 is normally on, and the bootstrap power supply capacitor Cbst2 and the bootstrap power supply diode D2 are booted. Q3 is closed after the slow start process is finished, so that the input current of the switched capacitor converter in normal load can not generate excessive loss in the slow start circuit. The supply of Q3 is provided by a bootstrap capacitor Cbst2, the energy of Cbst2 being supplemented by the drive supply capacitor Cbst1 and the bootstrap supply diode D2 of the highest voltage side switching tube of the switched capacitor converter. In each switching period of the switched capacitor converter, the switching tube at the highest voltage side of the switched capacitor converter is closed, the bootstrap power supply capacitor Cbst2 is connected with the driving power supply capacitor Cbst1 in parallel through the bootstrap power supply diode D2, and charges stored in the driving power supply capacitor Cbst1 are released to the bootstrap power supply capacitor Cbst2 through the bootstrap power supply diode D2, namely the driving power supply capacitor Cbst1 charges the bootstrap power supply capacitor Cbst 2. In addition, the driving of the normally-on switching transistor Q3 may be performed by a power source such as fly-buck, fly-back, etc., but the volume may be disadvantageous. The drive power supply capacitor of the high-voltage switch tube of the switch capacitor converter, the bootstrap power supply capacitor Cbst2 and the bootstrap power supply diode D2 are used for supplying power to the normally-on switch tube Q3, so that the number of devices can be reduced, and the characteristics of small volume and high power density of the switch capacitor converter are exerted.
Drawings
Fig. 1: switch capacitor power supply converter structure block diagram with slow start circuit
Fig. 2: embodiment one: slow start circuit and 1/2 switch capacitor power supply converter
Fig. 3: embodiment two: slow start circuit and 1/4 switch capacitor power converter
Fig. 4: voltage and current waveform diagram for slow start process of 1/4 switch capacitor power supply converter
Detailed Description
Specific embodiments of the present utility model are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the switch capacitor power supply converter is an ideal switch capacitor power supply converter with a transformation ratio of 1/2 under the condition of including a switch capacitor converter slow start circuit.
The slow starting circuit of the switched capacitor converter comprises a first switching tube Q1 and a second switching tube Q2 which are sequentially arranged between an input end of the switched capacitor power converter and a grounding end and connected through a wire, a normally-on switching tube Q3, a diode D1, a resistor R1 and an output capacitor Co which are sequentially arranged between the input end of the switched capacitor power converter and the grounding end and connected through a wire, wherein the normally-on switching tube Q3 is a switching tube with low on resistance. The cathode of the diode D1 is positioned at one side close to the normally-on switching tube Q3, one end of an output inductor Lo is connected between the first switching tube Q1 and the second switching tube Q2 through a lead, and the other end of the output inductor Lo is connected between the resistor R1 and the output capacitor Co;
the device also comprises a bootstrap capacitor Cbst2, a bootstrap power supply diode D2 and a driving power supply capacitor Cbst1 which are sequentially connected through wires; the other end of the bootstrap capacitor Cbst2 is connected between the normally-on switching tube Q3 and the diode D1 through a lead; the cathode of the bootstrap power supply diode D2 is positioned at one side close to the normally-on switching tube Q3, and the other end of the driving power supply capacitor Cbst1 is connected to the source electrode of the highest-voltage side switching tube S4 of the switching capacitor power supply converter through a lead.
The switching tube Q2 can be replaced by a diode, and the connection direction is consistent with the direction of the Q2 body diode.
As shown in fig. 3, the ideal switched capacitor power converter with a 1/4 conversion ratio is provided with a switched capacitor converter slow start circuit.
A slow start operation method of a switched capacitor power supply converter with the ideal transformation ratio K of the slow start circuit of the switched capacitor converter comprises the following steps:
(1) t0 to t1:
starting at time t0, starting a slow start process of the power converter, enabling the duty ratio of the first switching tube Q1 to increase from 0%, enabling the duty ratio of the second switching tube Q2 to decrease from 100%, and enabling the on time of the first switching tube Q1 and the on time of the second switching tube Q2 to be complementary;
when the duty ratio of a switching tube of the first switching tube Q1 in the slow start circuit is increased to be not more than 10%, detecting whether the voltage of Vout is greater than 0V or not, and judging whether the circuit is in a load short circuit state or not; when the voltage of Vout is not more than 0V and the load is judged to be in a short-circuit state, the slow starting circuit is restarted at intervals, so that self-protection is realized;
when the voltage of Vout is greater than 0V, the circuit is started slowly and normally;
in the slow start process of the circuit, vin 'and Vout are continuously detected to judge whether the rising amplitude value of Vin' meets the formula (A) or whether the rising amplitude value of Vout meets the formula (B):
Vin’>a*M*t*Vin-b(A)
Vout>K*(a*M*t*Vin-b)(B)
wherein, the transformation ratio is K, the duty ratio increasing rate is M, the input voltage is Vin, and the time is t;
wherein the values of the coefficients a and b are as follows:
1≥a＞0 (C)
V BR ＞b≥0 (D)
v in the above BR Allowing maximum voltage stress for a high-side switching tube of the switched capacitor converter;
if the formula (A) or the formula (B) is satisfied, the duty ratio of the first switching tube Q1 is always increased to 100%, and the duty ratio of the second switching tube Q2 is reduced to 0%, namely, the time t1 is reached; in the process of t0 to t1, the voltage V at two ends of the output capacitor Co in the slow start circuit Co Linearly increasing from 0V to the power supply input voltage Vin;
if neither the formula (A) nor the formula (B) is satisfied, the increase of the duty ratio D of the first switching tube Q1 is required to be stopped, or the duty ratio D of the first switching tube Q1 is required to be restored to 0%, the next starting process is restarted, and the time t is increased from 0 again, namely the hiccup type starting is realized; after hiccups are carried out for a plurality of times, the duty ratio D of the first switching tube Q1 reaches 100%, and the duty ratio of the second switching tube Q2 is reduced to 0%, namely, the time t1 is reached;
if neither the formulas (A) nor (B) can be established, the slow start circuit enters a continuous hiccup mode, that is, the Vin' level can never be close to Vin, so that the normally-on switch tube Q3 does not meet the closing condition: vin-Vin'<V BR -Vin' ×k; therefore, the normally-open switch tube Q3 cannot be closed, and the slow start circuit realizes self protection;
(2) t1 to t2:
at time t1, due to the effect of the current limiting resistor R1, the output voltage Vout of the switched capacitor power supply converter is smaller than K times of Vin, vout is continuously increased for a period of time, and when Vout is approximately equal to K times of Vin;
if Vin 'satisfies the formula (a) or Vout satisfies the formula (B), and the difference between Vin and Vin' does not exceed the voltage stress margin of the high-voltage side switching tube of the switched capacitor converter, namely:
Vin-Vin’<V BR -Vin’*K；
v in the above BR The maximum voltage stress is allowed for a high-voltage side switching tube of the switched capacitor converter, and K is the transformation ratio of the switched capacitor converter in an ideal state;
at the time t2, the normally-on switching tube Q3 is closed, the first switching tube Q1, the diode D1, the resistor R1 and the output inductor Lo are bypassed, the slow start process is finished, and the steady state operation stage is entered.
The slow start operation method can be suitable for the slow start operation of the switched capacitor power supply converter in different situations.
As shown in fig. 4, the voltage and current waveforms of the 1/4 switched capacitor power converter change during the normal slow start process, specifically as follows:
(1) t0 to t1:
starting at time t0, starting a slow start process of the power converter, wherein the duty ratio of the first switching tube Q1 is increased from 0%, the duty ratio of the second switching tube Q2 is reduced from 100%, and the conduction time of the first switching tube Q1 and the conduction time of the second switching tube Q2 are complementary;
detecting Vout voltage when the duty ratio of a switching tube of a first switching tube Q1 in the slow start circuit is increased to be not more than 10%; vout voltage is larger than 0V, and the circuit is started slowly and normally;
in the slow start process of the circuit, vin 'and Vout are continuously detected to judge whether the rising amplitude value of Vin' meets the formula (A) or whether the rising amplitude value of Vout meets the formula (B);
the formula (A) or the formula (B) is established, the duty ratio of the first switching tube Q1 is always increased to 100%, and the duty ratio of the second switching tube Q2 is reduced to 0%, namely, the time t1 is reached; in the process of t0 to t1, the voltage V at two ends of the output capacitor Co in the slow start circuit Co Linearly increasing from 0V to the power supply input voltage Vin;
(2) t1 to t2:
at time t1, the output voltage Vout of the switched capacitor power supply converter is less than 1/4 times V due to the effect of the current limiting resistor R1 Co Vout continues to increase for a period of time when Vout is approximately equal to 1 +.4 times V Co The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the If Vin 'satisfies the formula (a) or Vout satisfies the formula (B), and the difference between Vin and Vin' does not exceed the voltage stress margin of the high-voltage side switching tube of the switched capacitor converter, namely:
Vin-Vin’<V BR -Vin’*K；
v in the above BR The maximum voltage stress is allowed for a high-voltage side switching tube of the switched capacitor converter, K is the transformation ratio of the switched capacitor converter under an ideal state, and the value is 1/4;
at the time of t2, the normally-on switching tube Q3 is closed, the first switching tube Q1, the diode D1, the resistor R1 and the output inductor Lo are bypassed, the slow start process is finished, and the steady state operation stage is entered
The load short circuit and the capacitive load starting situation can be met by the switched capacitor power supply converter, and the following description will be given of the slow start state of the slow start operation method under the load short circuit or capacitive load situation respectively:
when the load is in a short circuit state, the voltage of Vout is kept at 0V and vin' is approximately 0V in the time range of t0-t1 in the slow start process. When the duty ratio of the switching tube of the first switching tube Q1 in the slow start circuit is increased to be not more than 10%, the voltage of Vout is detected to be 0V. Due to the protection function of the current limiting resistor R1, excessive short-circuit current is not generated in the slow start circuit, so that the slow start circuit can be protected from being burnt. The slow start circuit is restarted at intervals, if the short circuit problem is not solved, the circuit cannot enter a normal working state, and therefore self-protection is achieved.
When the load is a capacitive load and the capacitance value is smaller, the slow start process adopting the slow start operation method comprises the following steps:
(1) t0 to t1:
starting at time t0, starting a slow start process of the power converter, enabling the duty ratio of the first switching tube Q1 to increase from 0%, enabling the duty ratio of the second switching tube Q2 to decrease from 100%, and enabling the on time of the first switching tube Q1 and the on time of the second switching tube Q2 to be complementary;
when the duty ratio of a switching tube of the first switching tube Q1 in the slow start circuit is increased to be not more than 10%, detecting whether the voltage of Vout is greater than 0V or not, and judging whether the circuit is in a load short circuit state or not; when the voltage of Vout is not more than 0V and the load is judged to be in a short circuit state, the slow start circuit is restarted at intervals, so that self-protection is realized.
In the slow start process of the circuit, vin 'and Vout are continuously detected to judge whether the rising amplitude value of Vin' meets the formula (A) or whether the rising amplitude value of Vout meets the formula (B):
if the formula (A) or the formula (B) is satisfied, the duty ratio of the first switching tube Q1 is always increased to 100%, and the duty ratio of the second switching tube Q2 is reduced to 0%, namely, the time t1 is reached; in the process from t0 to t1, the voltage at two ends of an output capacitor Co in the slow start circuit is linearly increased from 0V to a power input voltage Vin;
if neither the formula (A) nor the formula (B) is satisfied, the increase of the duty ratio D of the first switching tube Q1 is required to be stopped, or the duty ratio D of the first switching tube Q1 is required to be restored to 0%, the next starting process is restarted, and the time t is increased from 0 again, namely the hiccup type starting is realized; after hiccups are carried out for a plurality of times, the duty ratio D of the first switching tube Q1 reaches 100%, and the duty ratio of the second switching tube Q2 is reduced to 0%, namely, the time t1 is reached;
(2) t1 to t2:
at time t1, the output voltage Vout of the switched capacitor power converter is less than K times V due to the effect of the current limiting resistor R1 Co Vout continues to increase for a period of time when Vout is approximately equal to K times V Co The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the If Vin 'satisfies the formula (a) or Vout satisfies the formula (B), and the difference between Vin and Vin' does not exceed the voltage stress margin of the high-voltage side switching tube of the switched capacitor converter, namely:
Vin-Vin’<V BR -Vin’*K；
v in the above BR The maximum voltage stress is allowed for a high-voltage side switching tube of the switched capacitor converter, and K is the transformation ratio of the switched capacitor converter in an ideal state;
at the time t2, the normally-on switching tube Q3 is closed, the first switching tube Q1, the diode D1, the resistor R1 and the output inductor Lo are bypassed, the slow start process is finished, and the steady state operation stage is entered.
When the switch capacitor power supply converter is connected to a larger capacitor load, in the slow start process of the circuit, vin 'and Vout are continuously detected to judge whether the rising amplitude value of Vin' meets the formula (A) or whether the rising amplitude value of Vout meets the formula (B), and if the formula (A) or the formula (B) is constantly met in the time range of t0-t1 in the slow start process, the slow start process is successful once.
If the formula (A) or the formula (B) is not satisfied in the slow start process, the first switching tube Q1 duty ratio D needs to be stopped to be increased, or the first switching tube Q1 duty ratio D is restored to 0%, the next round of start process is restarted, and the time t is increased … … again from 0, namely hiccup type start is realized;
after hiccup is carried out for a plurality of times, the duty ratio D of the first switching tube Q1 reaches 100%, if Vin 'satisfies the formula (A) or Vout satisfies the formula (B), and the difference value between Vin and Vin' does not exceed the voltage stress allowance of the switching tube at the high-voltage side of the switched capacitor converter, namely:
Vin-Vin’<V BR -Vin’*K；
v in the above BR The maximum voltage stress is allowed for a high-voltage side switching tube of the switched capacitor converter, and K is the transformation ratio of the switched capacitor converter in an ideal state;
then normally-on switch Q3 is closed so that the circuit enters steady state operation.
When the capacitive load is too large, the formula (A) or the formula (B) cannot be met, and the slow start circuit can enter a continuous hiccup mode, namely the Vin' level can not be close to Vin forever, so that the normally-on switch tube Q3 cannot meet the closing condition: vin-Vin'<V BR -Vin' ×k; therefore, the normally-open switch tube Q3 cannot be closed, and the slow start circuit realizes self protection.
When the switch-in load of the switched capacitor power supply converter is a resistive load and the resistance value is large, the formula (A) or the formula (B) can be met, and the slow start circuit can be started normally.
When the switch-in load of the switched capacitor power supply converter is a resistive load and the resistance value is smaller, neither the formula (A) nor the formula (B) is satisfied, the increase of the duty ratio D of the first switching tube Q1 is required to be stopped, or the duty ratio D of the first switching tube Q1 is restored to 0%, the next starting process is restarted, and the increase of … … from 0 is restarted at the time t, so that hiccup starting is realized;
if neither the formulas (A) nor (B) can be established, the slow start circuit enters a continuous hiccup mode, that is, the Vin' level can never be close to Vin, so that the normally-on switch tube Q3 does not meet the closing condition: vin-Vin'<V BR -Vin' ×k; therefore, the normally-open switch tube Q3 cannot be closed, the slow start circuit realizes self protection, and the switch tube and other components are protected from being burnt out due to overlarge current stress.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and functions of the present utility model, and some of the practical examples, not intended to limit the utility model; it should be noted that modifications and improvements can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the inventive concept, and these are all within the scope of the present utility model.
Claims (2)
1. A slow start circuit of a switched capacitor converter is characterized in that: the switching power supply comprises a first switching tube Q1 and a second switching tube Q2 which are sequentially arranged between an input end of a switching capacitor power supply converter and a grounding end and connected through a wire, a normally-on switching tube Q3, a diode D1, a resistor R1 and an output capacitor Co which are sequentially arranged between the input end of the switching capacitor power supply converter and the grounding end and connected through a wire, wherein the cathode of the diode D1 is positioned at one side close to the normally-on switching tube Q3, an output inductor Lo is connected between the first switching tube Q1 and the second switching tube Q2 through one end of the wire, and the other end of the output inductor Lo is connected between the resistor R1 and the output capacitor Co; the device also comprises a bootstrap capacitor Cbst2, a bootstrap power supply diode D2 and a driving power supply capacitor Cbst1 which are sequentially connected through wires; the other end of the bootstrap capacitor Cbst2 is connected between the normally-on switching tube Q3 and the diode D1 through a lead; the cathode of the bootstrap power supply diode D2 is positioned at one side close to the normally-on switching tube Q3, and the other end of the driving power supply capacitor Cbst1 is connected to the source electrode of the highest-voltage side switching tube of the switching capacitor power supply converter through a lead.
2. The switched capacitor converter slow start circuit of claim 1, wherein: the normally-on switching tube Q3 is a switching tube with low on resistance.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202321567233.0U CN220254353U (en) | 2023-06-19 | 2023-06-19 | Switch capacitor converter slow start circuit |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202321567233.0U CN220254353U (en) | 2023-06-19 | 2023-06-19 | Switch capacitor converter slow start circuit |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN220254353U true CN220254353U (en) | 2023-12-26 |
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ID=89263962
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| CN202321567233.0U Active CN220254353U (en) | 2023-06-19 | 2023-06-19 | Switch capacitor converter slow start circuit |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN220254353U (en) |
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2023
- 2023-06-19 CN CN202321567233.0U patent/CN220254353U/en active Active
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