CN220252088U

CN220252088U - Oil immersed high-voltage bushing fault simulation detection device

Info

Publication number: CN220252088U
Application number: CN202321256840.5U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 房科; 晋鹏宇; 潘员祥; 胡憾
Original assignee: HANGZHOU XIHU ELECTRONIC INSTITUTE
Current assignee: HANGZHOU XIHU ELECTRONIC INSTITUTE
Priority date: 2023-05-23
Filing date: 2023-05-23
Publication date: 2023-12-26
Anticipated expiration: 2033-05-23

Abstract

The utility model relates to an oil immersed high-voltage sleeve fault simulation detection device. The high-voltage bushing is arranged at the top of the oil tank, and a plurality of discharging models are arranged in the oil tank. The copper core of the high-voltage sleeve is connected and communicated with the conducting rod, and the conducting rod is provided with a current rising device. The discharge model comprises a creeping discharge model and at least two of a tip, a suspension and an air gap discharge model, and the discharge model is connected with an out-of-box handle. The booster and the three-way switch are arranged in the oil tank, the three-way switch is controlled to be connected and disconnected through the driving motor, two conducting heads in the three-way switch are respectively communicated with the two conducting rods, and one conducting head is connected with the high-voltage output end of the secondary side of the booster. The utility model can simulate the influence of different fault type characteristics and discharge intensity on the insulation performance of the high-voltage sleeve, and provides more accurate test data for the detection and diagnosis analysis of the safe running state quantity of the high-voltage sleeve.

Description

Oil immersed high-voltage bushing fault simulation detection device

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of power equipment, and relates to an oil immersed high-voltage sleeve fault simulation detection device.

Background

In a power system, a high-voltage bushing is mainly used for ground insulation of power equipment inlet and outlet wires of transformers, reactors, circuit breakers and the like and high-voltage circuits penetrating through walls and the like, and is an important component of power transmission and transformation equipment. The quality of the high-voltage bushing performance directly determines the safety and the operation efficiency of the whole power engineering. Because of the production technology level of the high-voltage bushing, oil leakage, overload, long-time operation, or defects of damp, poor grounding, aging, poor insulation state and the like caused by improper operation in the test process, the defects can influence the insulation performance and normal operation of the high-voltage bushing, and serious faults, even serious accidents of a related power system can be caused. The detection of the high-voltage sleeve is an important link for ensuring the safety of high-voltage power transmission and transformation engineering. Therefore, the high-voltage bushing is subjected to fault simulation and detection experimental study, and potential safety hazards and defects in the running state of the high-voltage bushing are required to be found out in time. Aiming at the faults of the high-voltage bushing, the existing method is mainly applied to performance assessment and fault detection, and the method for simulating the faults of the high-voltage bushing is few, single and simple. In the existing sleeve fault simulation method, a sleeve scaling model is adopted to carry out defect setting to carry out simulation test research on capacitance, dielectric loss and partial discharge, and sleeve equivalent capacitance fault setting is adopted to carry out simulation test research on capacitance and dielectric loss. The existing fault simulation method can not truly restore the fault phenomenon of the high-voltage bushing actually operated on site; the simulated faults are single in type, the simulated partial discharge types are single, the equivalent reality cannot be realized, and the influence of different faults and different discharge types cannot be simulated at the same time; the integration of the power supply part, the fault defect part and the like of the analog device is not high.

2021113990992. X the utility model discloses a test method of the fault simulator of the insulating bushing of oilpaper, adopt the test cavity structure of the bushing scaling model, carry on the vacuum immersion oil to the core of the electric capacity, connect the high-pressure side of the voltage transformer with guide arm, the low-pressure side is connected with core of the electric capacity; and setting defects of the sleeve scaling model, detecting partial discharge, capacitance and dielectric loss of the sleeve scaling model offline, and calculating the partial discharge initial voltage. 201620110105.7 the utility model discloses a multi-structure high-voltage sleeve performance checking and detecting platform, which adopts a transformer oil paper sleeve, a dry sleeve and an oil gas sleeve to form a closed loop, and simulates operation working condition voltage to act on the sleeve loop through a high-voltage power supply, and simulates operation working condition load current to act on the sleeve loop through a high-current device to form a set of detecting and testing platform, so that on-line monitoring and off-line testing can be carried out on insulating states of various structure sleeves under the near working condition, and an immersed sleeve thermal stability test under the near working condition can be carried out. The high-voltage power supply and the high-voltage current device adopted by the novel patent are in vitro, and the insulation test sheet is small in amplification of the measuring office under high voltage. 201520639083.9 discloses a fault simulation device for a transformer body and a sleeve, which is used for performing a fault simulation test by changing the original dielectric loss factors and capacitance of the transformer body and the sleeve in an equivalent capacitance mode.

Disclosure of Invention

The utility model aims to provide an oil immersed high-voltage sleeve fault simulation detection device.

The utility model comprises an oil tank, a high-voltage sleeve and a discharge model.

The oil tank is a closed tank body and is filled with transformer oil; the side wall of the oil tank is provided with a transparent observation window, and the top surface of the oil tank is provided with a conservator; two high-voltage bushings set up at the oil tank top, and three driving motor sets up outside the oil tank, and a plurality of discharge models set up in the oil tank.

The high-voltage sleeve comprises a copper core, an upper porcelain sleeve, a lower porcelain sleeve and a pressure equalizing ball; one end of the copper core is connected and communicated with the wiring terminal, the other end of the copper core is connected and communicated with one end of a conducting rod vertically arranged in the oil tank, and the other end of the conducting rod is connected with the bottom surface of the oil tank in an insulating manner; the bushing end screen sensor is arranged at the bushing end screen of the high-voltage bushing.

The discharge model comprises a creeping discharge model and at least two of a tip discharge model, a suspension discharge model and an air gap discharge model; the creeping discharge model is arranged corresponding to the position of the lower porcelain bushing of the high-voltage sleeve, and the tip discharge model, the suspension discharge model and the air gap discharge model are arranged corresponding to the position of the conducting rod; each discharging model is connected with a handle arranged outside the oil tank through a telescopic rod, and the discharging models horizontally move in the oil tank through pushing and pulling the handle.

A booster and a three-way switch are arranged in the oil tank; the three-way switch controls the connection and disconnection of the three-way switch through three driving motors; two conducting heads in the three-way switch are respectively connected and conducted with the two conducting rods, and one conducting head is connected with the high-voltage output end of the secondary side of the booster.

Further, one or more discharge models are provided for each type.

Further, the current rising device is a multi-turn copper coil, two ends of the coil are connected with connecting terminals on the wall of the oil tank, and the current rising device is connected with an external test power supply through the connecting terminals.

Further, two ends of the primary coil of the booster are connected with wiring terminals on the wall of the oil tank, and the external test power supply is connected through the wiring terminals.

Further, the three-way switch junction comprises a switch seat, wherein the switch seat is a T-shaped metal three-way, the three directions are respectively connected with a metal sleeve through an insulating sleeve, and the metal sleeve is connected with a conductive head; a metal moving part is arranged in the metal sleeve, and the metal moving part is kept in a conducting state with the metal sleeve; the metal moving part is fixedly provided with a rack, the three pinions are respectively connected with three driving motors, the driving motors drive the metal moving part to move in the insulating sleeve through the pinions and the rack, and when one end of the metal moving part moves into the switch seat, the switch seat is communicated with the corresponding conductive head through the metal moving part.

The various faults of the high-voltage bushing simulated by the utility model are completely identical to the actual faults of the high-voltage bushing, and the external regulation and control mode can realize the simulation of the electrical working condition, the simulation of the overheat defect of the current-carrying connecting part, the simulation of the internal discharge defect and the like when the bushing actually operates; the generation, disappearance, aggravation and discharge intensity of typical discharge faults such as tips, air gaps, suspension, edges and the like can be accurately controlled, and the trouble of replacing fault models in the fault simulation process can be avoided. Safe, simple, accurate and efficient operation.

The utility model can simulate the influence of different fault type characteristics and discharge intensity on the insulation performance of the high-voltage sleeve, can obtain a large amount of high-voltage sleeve fault characteristic data through the characteristics, provides more and more accurate test data for the detection and diagnosis analysis of the safe running state quantity of the high-voltage sleeve, and can provide a test platform for the insulation detection or on-line monitoring of the high-voltage sleeve such as pulse current, high frequency, capacitance, dielectric loss and the like. The fault detection can be repeatedly simulated, and the teaching and training are convenient.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the present utility model;

FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of the present utility model;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the back structure of the present utility model;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view in section A-A of FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the B-B cross-section of FIG. 3;

FIG. 6 is an enlarged schematic view of portion C of FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a discharge model installation;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a creeping discharge model structure according to the present utility model;

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a tip discharge model according to the present utility model;

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a floating discharge model structure according to the present utility model;

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of an air gap discharge model according to the present utility model.

Detailed Description

The utility model is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in fig. 1, 2, 3 and 4, an oil immersed high-voltage bushing fault simulation detection device comprises an oil tank, a high-voltage bushing and a discharge model. The oil tank 1 is a closed tank body and is filled with transformer oil. The lateral wall of oil tank 1 is provided with transparent observation window 2, and the top surface is provided with conservator 3, and conservator department is as the oil filler. Two high-voltage bushings 4 of same specification model are arranged at the top of the oil tank, and three driving motors 5 are arranged outside the oil tank. The plurality of discharge models are arranged in the oil tank, the discharge models comprise a creeping discharge model and at least two of a tip discharge model, a suspension discharge model and an air gap discharge model, and each discharge model is one or more. The present embodiment employs four creeping discharge models (in the drawing, at the upper part of the oil tank), two tip discharge models, one suspension discharge model, and one air gap discharge model (in the drawing, at the lower part of the oil tank).

As shown in fig. 5, the high voltage bushing 4 comprises a copper core 401, an upper porcelain bushing 402, a lower porcelain bushing 403 and a pressure equalizing ball 404. The copper core 401 is wrapped by the upper porcelain bushing 402, the lower porcelain bushing 403 and the equalizing ball 404 in sequence, the equalizing ball 404 is communicated with the copper core 401, and a flange 405 is arranged between the upper porcelain bushing 402 and the lower porcelain bushing 403. The high-voltage sleeve passes through the top surface of the oil tank, the upper porcelain sleeve part is positioned outside the oil tank, the lower porcelain sleeve part is positioned in the oil tank, and the high-voltage sleeve is fixedly connected with the oil tank through a flange 405. One end of the copper core 401 is connected and conducted with the wiring terminal 406, the other end of the copper core is connected and conducted with one end of the conducting rod 11 vertically arranged in the oil tank, and the other end of the conducting rod 11 is connected with the bottom surface of the oil tank in an insulating mode. A bushing end screen sensor 15 is mounted at the bushing end screen of the high voltage bushing.

The current rising device 12 is arranged on one conducting rod 11, the current rising device 12 is a multi-turn copper coil, two ends of the coil are connected with a connecting terminal on the wall of the oil tank, and the current rising device is connected with an external test power supply through the connecting terminal. The oil tank is internally provided with a booster 13, two ends of a primary coil of the booster 13 are connected with wiring terminals on the wall of the oil tank, the grounding of a secondary side is grounded, and the primary coil of the booster is connected with an external test power supply through the wiring terminals.

The three-way switch 14 is arranged in the oil tank, the three-way switch structure is shown in fig. 6, the three-way switch structure comprises a switch seat 141, the switch seat 141 is a T-shaped metal three-way, the three directions are respectively connected with a metal sleeve 143 through an insulating sleeve 142, the metal sleeve 143 is connected with a conductive head 144, the two conductive heads 144 in the horizontal direction are respectively connected and conducted with the two conductive rods 11, and the conductive head 144 in the vertical direction is connected with a high-voltage output end of the secondary side of the booster 13. A metal moving member 145 is provided in the metal sleeve 143, and the metal moving member 145 maintains a conductive state with the metal sleeve 143. The metal moving member 145 is fixedly provided with a rack, the three pinions are respectively connected with three driving motors, the driving motors drive the metal moving member 145 to move in the insulating sleeve 142 through the pinions and the rack, and when one end of the metal moving member 145 moves into the switch seat 141, the switch seat 141 is communicated with the corresponding conductive head 144 through the metal moving member 145.

As shown in fig. 4 and 7, each discharge model is connected to a corresponding handle 7 disposed outside the fuel tank by means of a telescopic rod 6 (fig. 7 exemplifies a creeping discharge model 20), and the telescopic rod 6 is disposed through a side wall of the fuel tank and connected to the fuel tank by means of a support base 8. The discharge model is horizontally moved in the oil tank by pushing and pulling the handle 7.

The creeping discharge model 20 is arranged corresponding to the position of the lower porcelain bushing of the high-voltage sleeve, and the tip discharge model, the suspension discharge model and the air gap discharge model are arranged corresponding to the position of the conducting rod 11. The creeping discharge model structure is shown in fig. 8, and includes an insulating plate 201 and conductive pellets 202, and a plurality of conductive pellets 202 are arranged in a matrix. One surface of the insulating plate 201 is fixedly connected with the limiting rod 9, and the other end of the limiting rod 9 is connected with the telescopic rod 6. The limiting rod 9 is matched and connected with a limiting seat 10 fixedly arranged in the oil tank, so that the telescopic rod 6 is prevented from rotating in the telescopic process. The other surface of the insulating plate 201 is a cambered surface matched with the surface of the lower porcelain bushing, and the conductive small ball 202 is embedded in the cambered surface. In operation, the creeping discharge model is pushed to move forward integrally, the insulating plate 201 is attached to the surface of the lower porcelain bushing, the conductive small balls 202 below the insulating plate 201 are contacted with the voltage equalizing balls 404 (high-voltage ends), the conductive small balls 202 above are contacted with the flange 405 (grounding ends), and a plurality of conductive small balls 202 are arranged in a matrix to form creeping electricity, so that creeping discharge is generated. The other discharge models except the creeping discharge model are directly connected with the telescopic rod 6.

As shown in fig. 9, the tip discharge model includes a front cylinder 211 and a rear cylinder 212 fixedly connected, the front cylinder 211 and the rear cylinder 212 of an insulating material enclose a discharge chamber, and a metal needle 213 is disposed in the discharge chamber. The end surface of the front cylinder 211 is provided with a protrusion through which the first conductive rod 214 passes and is fixedly provided on the end surface of the front cylinder 211. One end of the first conductive rod 214 is fixedly connected and conducted with a metal sheet 215 in the discharge cavity, and the other end extends out of the end face protrusion of the front cylinder 211. One end of a part of the first conductive rod 214 and one end of the first metal adjusting piece 217 are arranged in the first metal sleeve 216, the first metal sleeve 216 is fixedly connected with the end face protrusion of the front cylinder, and a first spring 218 is arranged between the first metal adjusting piece 217 and the first conductive rod 214. The first metal sleeve 216, the first metal regulating member 217 and the first conductive rod 214 are coaxially arranged, and the first metal regulating member 217 always maintains a conductive state with the first conductive rod 214 while moving back and forth along the axis. The bottom surface of the rear cylinder 212 is fixedly provided with a first metal mounting seat 219, the first metal mounting seat 219 is connected with one end of the telescopic rod 6, the root of the metal needle 213 is fixedly connected with the first metal mounting seat 219 and communicated, and the tip of the metal needle faces the metal sheet 215. In operation, the whole of the tip discharge model is pushed to move forward, and when the first metal adjusting piece 217 contacts the conducting rod 11 (high-voltage electrode), tip discharge is generated, and the tip discharge model is slowly pressed through the first spring 218 in the contact process of the tip discharge model and the high-voltage electrode plate, so that the model is protected.

As shown in fig. 10, the suspension discharge model includes an insulating cylinder 221 and an insulating seat 222, the insulating seat 222 is fixedly connected with the open end of the insulating cylinder 221, the insulating cylinder 221 and the insulating seat 222 enclose a discharge cavity, a metal simulation member 223 is disposed in the discharge cavity, and the metal simulation member 223 is fixedly disposed on the insulating seat 222. The end surface of the insulating cylinder 221 is provided with a protrusion through which the second conductive rod 224 passes, one end of the second conductive rod 224 extends into the discharge chamber, and the other end extends out of the end surface protrusion of the insulating cylinder 221. The metal analog 223 corresponds to the second conductive rod 224 in position, and a gap is provided between the metal analog 223 and the second conductive rod 224. One end of a part of the second conductive rod 224 and one end of the second metal adjusting piece 225 are arranged in a second metal sleeve 226, the second metal sleeve 226 is fixedly connected with the end face protrusion of the insulating cylinder, and a second spring 227 is arranged between the second metal adjusting piece 225 and the second conductive rod 224. The second metal sleeve 226, the second metal adjusting member 225 and the second conductive rod 224 are coaxially arranged, and the second metal adjusting member 225 always maintains a conductive state with the second conductive rod 224 while moving back and forth along the axis. The second metal mounting seat 228 is fixedly arranged on the insulating seat 222, the second metal mounting seat 228 is connected with one end of the telescopic rod 6, and the second metal mounting seat 228 is insulated from the metal simulation piece 223 through the insulating seat 222. In operation, the suspension discharge model is pushed to move forward integrally, when the second metal adjusting piece 225 contacts the conductive rod 11 (high-voltage electrode), suspension discharge is generated, and the suspension discharge model is slowly pressed through the second spring 227 in the contact process of the suspension discharge model and the high-voltage electrode plate, so that the model is protected.

As shown in fig. 11, the air gap discharge model includes an insulating block 231, a metal rod 232 and a third conductive rod 233, the insulating block 231 being a solid polyester material, and air bubbles being dispersed therein. The metal rod 232 and the third conductive rod 233 extend into the insulating block 231 from both sides of the insulating block 231, and the head of the metal rod 232 and the head of the third conductive rod 233 are disposed opposite to each other and insulated by the insulating block 231. One end of a part of the third conductive rod 233 and one end of the third metal adjusting member 234 are arranged in the third metal sleeve 235, the third metal sleeve 235 is fixedly connected with the insulating block 231, and a third spring 236 is arranged between the third metal adjusting member 234 and the third conductive rod 233. The third metal sleeve 235, the third metal adjuster 234 and the third conductive rod 233 are coaxially disposed, and the third metal adjuster 234 is always kept in a conductive state with the third conductive rod 233 while moving back and forth along the axis. The third metal mounting seat 237 is fixedly arranged on the insulating block 231, fixedly connected with the metal rod 232 and communicated with the metal rod, and the third metal mounting seat 237 is connected with one end of the telescopic rod 6. In operation, the air gap discharging model is pushed to move forward integrally, when the third metal adjusting piece 234 contacts the conducting rod 11 (high-voltage electrode), air gap discharging is generated, and the air gap discharging model is slowly pressed through the third spring 236 in the contact process of the air gap discharging model and the high-voltage electrode plate, so that the model is protected.

When the high-voltage sleeve fault simulation test is carried out, the oil tank of the high-voltage sleeve fault simulation device is reliably grounded.

When the electric working condition simulation is carried out during the actual operation of the sleeve, the three directions of the three-way switch are all connected, the wiring terminals of the two high-voltage sleeves are in short connection, so that the two high-voltage sleeves, the two conducting rods and the three-way switch form a closed loop, and the high-voltage output end of the booster is connected to the closed loop. The external program control booster and the current booster boost and boost the two high-voltage bushings at the same time, the booster can boost up to 1.5 times of rated voltage, and the current booster can boost up to 1.5 times of rated current. The three-way switch is controlled to disconnect the booster and independently boost the current. The wiring terminals of the two high-voltage bushings can be separated, and the three-way switch is controlled to disconnect one side and the conducting rod, so that one high-voltage bushing is boosted independently.

When overheat defect simulation of the current-carrying connecting part is carried out, the three-way switch is disconnected with the booster, and the wiring terminals of the two high-voltage bushings are in short connection, so that the two high-voltage bushings, the two conducting rods and the three-way switch form a closed loop, and external program control is carried out to 1.5 times of rated current of the high-voltage bushings, so that the current-carrying connecting part of the wiring terminals of the high-voltage bushings is overheated.

When the partial discharge defect simulation is carried out, the three directions of the three-way switch are all connected with external control to boost the voltage to the rated voltage of the high-voltage sleeve.

When the point discharge is required to be generated, the point discharge model is pushed to integrally move forwards, and when the point discharge model contacts the high-voltage electrode, the point discharge model can generate the point discharge, and a sleeve end screen sensor acquires a discharge signal and transmits the discharge signal to a measuring instrument for analysis and processing. After the end of the tip discharge experiment, the tip discharge model is pulled back, and the tip discharge model stops discharging. The air gap, the suspension and the creeping discharge model are pushed to move to control the generation and the disappearance of the air gap, the suspension and the creeping partial discharge faults of the high-voltage sleeve. Multiple simultaneous generation, extinction and aggravation of simultaneous generation tip, air gap, levitation, and subsurface partial discharge fault types may also be controlled. The discharge intensity of various fault discharges is controlled by controlling the boost in the pressurizing process. The device is suitable for the fault simulation requirements of other high-voltage bushings with different types and different voltage levels.

Claims

1. An oil immersed high-voltage bushing fault simulation detection device comprises an oil tank, a high-voltage bushing and a discharge model; the method is characterized in that:

the oil tank is a closed tank body and is filled with transformer oil; the side wall of the oil tank is provided with a transparent observation window, and the top surface of the oil tank is provided with a conservator; two high-voltage sleeves are arranged at the top of the oil tank, three driving motors are arranged outside the oil tank, and a plurality of discharging models are arranged in the oil tank;

the high-voltage sleeve comprises a copper core, an upper porcelain sleeve, a lower porcelain sleeve and a pressure equalizing ball; one end of the copper core is connected and communicated with the wiring terminal, the other end of the copper core is connected and communicated with one end of a conducting rod vertically arranged in the oil tank, and the other end of the conducting rod is connected with the bottom surface of the oil tank in an insulating manner; the bushing end screen sensor is arranged at the bushing end screen of the high-voltage bushing;

the discharge model comprises a creeping discharge model and at least two of a tip discharge model, a suspension discharge model and an air gap discharge model; the creeping discharge model is arranged corresponding to the position of the lower porcelain bushing of the high-voltage sleeve, and the tip discharge model, the suspension discharge model and the air gap discharge model are arranged corresponding to the position of the conducting rod; each discharging model is connected with a handle arranged outside the oil tank through a telescopic rod, and the discharging models horizontally move in the oil tank through pushing and pulling the handle;

2. The oil-immersed high-voltage bushing fault simulation detection device according to claim 1, wherein: each discharge model is provided in one or more.

3. The oil-immersed high-voltage bushing fault simulation detection device according to claim 1, wherein: the current booster is a multi-turn copper coil, two ends of the coil are connected with connecting terminals on the wall of the oil tank, and the current booster is connected with an external test power supply through the connecting terminals.

4. The oil-immersed high-voltage bushing fault simulation detection device according to claim 1, wherein: two ends of the primary coil of the booster are connected with wiring terminals on the wall of the oil tank, and are connected with an external test power supply through the wiring terminals.

5. The oil-immersed high-voltage bushing fault simulation detection device according to claim 1, wherein: the three-way switch junction comprises a switch seat, wherein the switch seat is a T-shaped metal three-way, the three directions are respectively connected with a metal sleeve through an insulating sleeve, and the metal sleeve is connected with a conductive head; a metal moving part is arranged in the metal sleeve, and the metal moving part is kept in a conducting state with the metal sleeve; the metal moving part is fixedly provided with a rack, the three pinions are respectively connected with three driving motors, the driving motors drive the metal moving part to move in the insulating sleeve through the pinions and the rack, and when one end of the metal moving part moves into the switch seat, the switch seat is communicated with the corresponding conductive head through the metal moving part.

6. The oil immersed high voltage bushing fault simulation detection device according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, wherein: the creeping discharge model comprises an insulating plate and conductive pellets, and a plurality of conductive pellets are arranged in a matrix; one surface of the insulating plate is fixedly connected with the limiting rod, and the other end of the limiting rod is connected with the telescopic rod; the limiting rod is matched and connected with a limiting seat fixedly arranged in the oil tank, so that the telescopic rod is prevented from rotating in the telescopic process; the other surface of the insulating plate is a cambered surface matched with the surface of the lower porcelain bushing, and the conductive small ball is embedded in the cambered surface.

7. The oil immersed high voltage bushing fault simulation detection device according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, wherein: the tip discharge model comprises a front cylinder and a rear cylinder which are fixedly connected, a discharge cavity is formed by enclosing the front cylinder and the rear cylinder of the insulating material, and a metal needle is arranged in the discharge cavity; the end face of the front cylinder is provided with a bulge, and the first conductive rod penetrates through the bulge and is fixedly arranged on the end face of the front cylinder; one end of the first conductive rod is fixedly connected and conducted with the metal sheet in the discharge cavity, and the other end of the first conductive rod extends out of the end face bulge of the front cylinder; one ends of part of the first conductive rods and one end of the first metal adjusting piece are arranged in the first metal sleeve, the first metal sleeve is fixedly connected with the end face bulge of the front cylinder, and a first spring is arranged between the first metal adjusting piece and the first conductive rods; the first metal sleeve, the first metal adjusting piece and the first conductive rod are coaxially arranged, and the first metal adjusting piece always keeps a conducting state with the first conductive rod when moving back and forth along the shaft; the bottom surface of back section of thick bamboo is fixed and is provided with first metal mount pad, and first metal mount pad is connected with the one end of telescopic link, and the root and the first metal mount pad fixed connection of metal needle switch on, and the tip is towards the sheetmetal.

8. The oil immersed high voltage bushing fault simulation detection device according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, wherein: the suspension discharge model comprises an insulating cylinder and an insulating seat, wherein the insulating seat is fixedly connected with the open end of the insulating cylinder, the insulating cylinder and the insulating seat enclose a discharge cavity, a metal simulation piece is arranged in the discharge cavity, and the metal simulation piece is fixedly arranged on the insulating seat; the end face of the insulating cylinder is provided with a bulge, the second conductive rod penetrates through the bulge, one end of the second conductive rod stretches into the discharge cavity, and the other end stretches out of the end face bulge of the insulating cylinder; the metal simulation piece corresponds to the second conductive rod in position, and a gap is reserved between the metal simulation piece and the second conductive rod; one ends of part of the second conductive rods and one end of the second metal adjusting piece are arranged in the second metal sleeve, the second metal sleeve is fixedly connected with the end face bulge of the insulating cylinder, and a second spring is arranged between the second metal adjusting piece and the second conductive rods; the second metal sleeve, the second metal adjusting piece and the second conductive rod are coaxially arranged, and the second metal adjusting piece always keeps a conducting state with the second conductive rod when moving back and forth along the shaft; the second metal installation seat is fixedly arranged on the insulating seat, the second metal installation seat is connected with one end of the telescopic rod, and the second metal installation seat is insulated from the metal simulation piece through the insulating seat.

9. The oil immersed high voltage bushing fault simulation detection device according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, wherein: the air gap discharge model comprises an insulating block, a metal rod and a third conductive rod, wherein the insulating block is made of solid polyester material, and air bubbles are dispersed in the insulating block; the metal rod and the third conductive rod extend into the insulating block from two sides of the insulating block, and the head of the metal rod and the head of the third conductive rod are oppositely arranged and are insulated by the insulating block; one ends of part of the third conductive rod and the third metal adjusting piece are arranged in the third metal sleeve, the third metal sleeve is fixedly connected with the insulating block, and a third spring is arranged between the third metal adjusting piece and the third conductive rod; the third metal sleeve, the third metal adjusting piece and the third conductive rod are coaxially arranged, and the third metal adjusting piece always keeps a conducting state with the third conductive rod when moving back and forth along the shaft; the third metal installation seat is fixedly arranged on the insulating block, fixedly connected with the metal rod and communicated with the metal rod, and connected with one end of the telescopic rod.