CN106324444B - Transformer test platform - Google Patents

Transformer test platform Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106324444B
CN106324444B CN201510349784.3A CN201510349784A CN106324444B CN 106324444 B CN106324444 B CN 106324444B CN 201510349784 A CN201510349784 A CN 201510349784A CN 106324444 B CN106324444 B CN 106324444B
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voltage
winding
transformer
partial discharge
test platform
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CN106324444A (en
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毕建刚
常文治
杨宁
阎春雨
程养春
弓艳朋
是艳杰
袁帅
孟楠
杨圆
吴立远
邓彦国
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
China Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd CEPRI
North China Electric Power University
State Grid Anhui Electric Power Co Ltd
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
China Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd CEPRI
North China Electric Power University
State Grid Anhui Electric Power Co Ltd
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  • Housings And Mounting Of Transformers (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention provides a transformer test platform which comprises a single-phase transformer, a voltage regulating winding, a high-voltage connector, an on-load voltage regulating switch and a local discharge model, wherein the single-phase transformer is connected with the voltage regulating winding through the high-voltage connector; the voltage regulating winding is connected with the high-voltage end of the high-voltage winding in the single-phase transformer, and the on-load voltage regulating switch is arranged on the voltage regulating winding; the high-voltage connector is arranged in the middle of the high-voltage winding; the partial discharge model extends into the transformer oil tank of the single-phase transformer through the sealing cylinder. Compared with the prior art, the transformer test platform provided by the invention can generate a true partial discharge signal under the normal operation voltage of the transformer, so that the propagation process of the partial discharge signal along the high-voltage winding of the transformer is simulated, the high-voltage winding of the transformer can be at a rated voltage, and the high-voltage insulation characteristic and the partial discharge source positioning technology of a partial discharge monitoring technology can be conveniently researched; and the partial discharge test and the winding local overheating test can be simultaneously carried out.

Description

Transformer test platform
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power transformers, in particular to a transformer test platform.
Background
The power transformer is one of key devices in a power system, and is very important for monitoring the running condition of the transformer, and the current popular intelligent transformer requires a state monitoring device to be assembled on the transformer. When the transformer state monitoring is implemented, the monitoring technologies need to be researched firstly, and the performances of the monitoring technologies, such as sensitivity, accuracy, long-term operation stability and the like, are required to be tested and researched under the condition that the actual operation condition of the power transformer is as close as possible. For the realization of the test research, the transformer test platform is required to provide a condition which is closer to the actual working condition, so that the test efficiency is improved, and the test time is saved. At present, a transformer test platform mainly comprises:
1. test platform for propagation rule of partial discharge signal in transformer winding
The main cause of the failure of the transformer equipment is the deterioration of the insulation performance thereof, and the partial discharge is one of the main causes of the insulation failure of the transformer. In order to master the development process and propagation rule of partial discharge in a transformer, the currently adopted common method is as follows:
(1) partial discharge test research is carried out by utilizing partial discharge models such as a needle plate discharge model, a ball plate discharge model, an air gap discharge model and the like; however, the test platform only simulates the partial discharge signal characteristic and defect development process of the oiled paper insulating material, and cannot research the propagation rule of the partial discharge signal on the inner winding of the transformer.
(2) Establishing a mathematical model of a transformer winding, and analyzing the propagation rule of a signal similar to a partial discharge pulse in the winding by utilizing computer simulation; in view of the complexity of the transformer winding, the theoretical simulation result is very rough and has a large error.
(3) Injecting a pulse signal into a 10kV transformer winding or a specially designed and processed small transformer winding model, measuring response signals on each wire turn of the winding, and analyzing and researching the propagation rule of a partial discharge signal in a winding structure; however, the electromagnetic characteristics of the winding model of the transformer winding with small voltage level and small volume are far from those of the winding of the actual large-scale power transformer.
(4) Transforming the retired actual power transformer, and connecting a partial discharge model to a lead-out wire of a high-voltage winding of the retired actual power transformer; the test method is mainly used for researching the positioning research of the local discharge source in the transformer, and because the local discharge model is connected to the leading-out wire of the winding, the local discharge pulse signal is transmitted out of the high-voltage bushing without passing through the winding structure, the rule about the pulse signal propagation in the winding is difficult to extract from the local discharge signal monitored on the high-voltage bushing.
Therefore, at present, no high-voltage class (for example, 220kV and above voltage class) transformer partial discharge test platform capable of reflecting the propagation rule of the partial discharge pulse signal in the transformer winding exists.
2. Test platform for transformer winding temperature monitoring technology
When the oil paper insulation or the iron core lamination insulation inside the transformer is damaged, the damaged part generates heat abnormally, and the temperature rises. Therefore, during operation of an on-site power transformer, it is important to monitor its internal temperature and thereby determine the fault point temperature and location. The current research method for monitoring abnormal heating faults of the transformer comprises the following steps:
(1) monitoring the top oil temperature of the transformer by using an existing top oil temperature sensor on the power transformer, bringing the top oil temperature into a transformer winding temperature model, and estimating the highest temperature on a winding; due to the fact that the internal structure of the transformer is complex, the flowing situation of transformer oil for heat dissipation is complex, a transformer temperature model is very rough, and the error of the maximum temperature of the transformer winding estimated by the model and the numerical value of the top oil temperature is large.
(2) Installing an optical fiber temperature sensor on a power transformer winding, and monitoring the temperature of the transformer winding in real time; however, the power transformer with the winding temperature monitoring function can only monitor the current temperature of the transformer winding, and because the transformer rarely has overheating faults in daily operation, the research on the transformer winding temperature monitoring technology cannot be carried out by using the transformer in operation.
The power transformer with the winding temperature monitoring function is installed, the temperature of the winding can be improved through a temperature rise test in a laboratory, and then the winding temperature monitoring technology is checked. The method for researching the winding temperature monitoring technology has the following three defects:
①, the method causes short-circuit current to flow through the whole winding, thus the temperature of the whole winding is increased, while the most of the overheating faults of the actual transformer are short-circuit overheating of partial winding, partial insulation arc discharge overheating, etc.
② the method can make short-circuit current flow through the whole winding and further raise the temperature of the whole winding, but the required power is large, general laboratories have no test conditions, and the tests can be carried out only by laboratories of transformer factories and other institutions.
③, the method short-circuits the high voltage winding, so the voltage of the high voltage winding and the low voltage winding is very low, only the voltage on the short-circuit impedance is often less than 10% of the rated voltage of the transformer winding.
Therefore, at present, no transformer winding temperature monitoring test platform capable of providing abnormal rise of winding temperature and enabling the winding to be in a high-voltage state is available.
3. Multifunctional test platform for transformer monitoring technology
The existing transformer monitoring technology comprises partial discharge monitoring, winding temperature monitoring, detection of decomposition gas in oil and the like. The test platforms of various monitoring technologies have only partial functions. In particular, there is currently no test platform that can provide both partial discharge monitoring and winding temperature monitoring, and therefore the following disadvantages exist:
(1) the influence of partial discharge pulses in the winding on the winding temperature monitoring sensor cannot be researched; the influence of the winding temperature measuring device on the propagation process of the partial discharge pulse on the winding cannot be studied. That is, the existing single-function test platform cannot study the interaction between multiple monitoring technologies.
(2) When long-term stability experiments of the partial discharge monitoring technology and the winding temperature monitoring technology are carried out, respective test platforms are needed to be used, and inconvenience in actual operation and management is caused due to the fact that the number of the test platforms is large.
In summary, a multifunctional transformer test platform is needed to be provided, which can not only simulate the partial discharge fault of the winding when the transformer operates at a rated speed, and study the oil paper insulation partial discharge characteristics and the propagation rule of the partial discharge pulse signal in the winding, but also simulate the heating of the partial winding of the transformer, and the winding is still in a high-voltage state when the temperature of the winding rises.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to meet the needs of the prior art, the invention provides a transformer test platform.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
in a first aspect, the test platform comprises a single-phase transformer, a voltage regulating winding, a high-voltage connector, an on-load tap changer and a local discharge model;
the voltage regulating winding is connected with the high-voltage end of the high-voltage winding in the single-phase transformer, and the on-load voltage regulating switch is arranged on the voltage regulating winding; the high-voltage connector is arranged in the middle of the high-voltage winding; the partial discharge model extends into the transformer oil tank of the single-phase transformer through the sealing cylinder.
Preferably, the on-load tap changer comprises an active branch, a transition branch and tap taps which are sequentially arranged on the voltage regulating winding, and the number of the tap taps is at least 3;
the active branch comprises a first moving contact, a first switch, a first reactor and a tail end fixed contact which are connected in sequence;
the transition branch comprises a second moving contact, a second switch, a second reactor and the tail end fixed contact which are connected in sequence;
the first moving contact and the second moving contact are respectively connected with a tapping tap in a sliding manner;
preferably, the tap taps include a head-end tap and a tail-end tap; the head end tapping tap is arranged at the connecting end of the voltage regulating winding and the single-phase transformer, and the tail end tapping tap is arranged at the other end of the voltage regulating winding;
the head end tapping is connected with a first high-voltage bushing, and the tail end fixed contact is connected with a second high-voltage bushing;
preferably, the partial discharge model comprises a high-voltage electrode provided with a spring; the high-voltage electrode is in contact connection with the high-voltage connector through spring compression;
preferably, the sealing cylinder is welded on a top window of the transformer oil tank; the top end of the sealing cylinder is higher than the liquid level in the transformer conservator, so that oil leakage does not occur when the partial discharge model is put in and taken out;
preferably, the high-voltage connector comprises a copper plate welded to one end of one wire; the other end of the lead is connected with the middle part of a high-voltage winding in the single-phase transformer;
the copper plate is smooth on both the surface and the edge.
In a second aspect, a method for performing a local heating test on a transformer winding by using the test platform comprises the following steps:
step 11: a reactor is connected between the first high-voltage bushing and the second high-voltage bushing;
step 12: supplying power to a low-voltage winding of a single-phase transformer;
step 13: and adjusting the value of the reactor, and changing the short-circuit current in the voltage regulating winding so as to change the temperature of the voltage regulating winding.
In a third aspect, a method for supplying power to electrical equipment by using the test platform comprises the following steps:
step 21: connecting a reactor between the first high-voltage bushing and the second high-voltage bushing, and connecting the electrical equipment and the reactor in series;
step 22: supplying power to a low-voltage winding of a single-phase transformer;
step 23: adjusting a value of the reactor, thereby adjusting a voltage value output to the electrical device;
the maximum voltage value of the test platform for supplying power to the electrical equipment is the rated voltage of a high-voltage winding in the single-phase transformer, and the current value is the short-circuit current in the voltage regulating winding.
In a fourth aspect, a method for performing a partial discharge test of a transformer winding by using the test platform comprises the following steps:
and placing the partial discharge model into the transformer along the sealing cylinder, so that the spring of the high-voltage electrode in the partial discharge model is in close contact with the copper plate of the high-voltage connector.
Compared with the closest prior art, the excellent effects of the invention are as follows:
1. according to the transformer test platform provided by the invention, a true partial discharge signal can be generated under the normal operation voltage of the transformer, the propagation process of the partial discharge signal along the high-voltage winding of the transformer is simulated, and the high-voltage winding of the transformer can be at a rated voltage, so that the high-voltage insulation characteristic and the partial discharge source positioning technology of a partial discharge monitoring technology can be conveniently researched;
2. according to the transformer test platform provided by the invention, when the voltage regulating winding of the transformer generates heat, the impedance of the reactor connected between the high-voltage sleeves is not equal to zero, so that the voltage regulating winding is not completely short-circuited, the voltage of the high-voltage winding and the voltage regulating winding is still very high and can be equal to the rated voltage, and the high-voltage insulation characteristic of the transformer winding temperature monitoring technology can be conveniently researched;
3. according to the transformer test platform provided by the invention, a partial discharge test and a winding partial overheating test can be carried out simultaneously; on one hand, the influence rule of partial discharge pulse passing through the voltage regulating winding on the temperature sensor arranged on the voltage regulating winding can be researched, on the other hand, the long-term stability of a partial discharge monitoring technology and a winding temperature monitoring technology can be researched simultaneously, and the test time is shortened;
4. the transformer test platform provided by the invention can provide high voltage and large current for other electrical equipment, wherein the high voltage is rated voltage of a high-voltage winding of the transformer, and the current is short-circuit current of a regulating winding.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1: the structure schematic diagram of a transformer test platform in the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2: the connection schematic diagram of the high-voltage connector and the partial discharge model in the embodiment of the invention;
wherein, 1: a high voltage winding; 2: a high-pressure joint; 21: a partial discharge model; 22: sealing the cylinder; 23: a copper plate; 24: a wire; 3: a voltage regulating winding; 4: a first high voltage bushing; 5: a second high voltage bushing; 6: a reactor; 7: a low voltage winding; 8: an on-load tap changer; 9: an iron core; 10: a low-pressure bushing; 11: an active branch circuit; 12: a transition branch; 13: a first reactor; 14: a second reactor; 15: a transformer tank; 16: transformer conservator.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
The transformer test platform provided by the invention can simulate the partial discharge fault of the winding when the transformer runs at rated speed, study the oil paper insulation partial discharge characteristic and the propagation rule of the partial discharge pulse signal in the winding, and can simultaneously simulate the heating of the partial winding of the transformer, and the winding is still in a high-voltage state when the temperature of the winding rises.
The embodiment of the transformer test platform provided by the invention is shown in figure 1, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the test platform comprises a single-phase transformer, a voltage regulating winding 3, a high-voltage connector 2, an on-load tap changer 8 and a local discharge model 21, wherein,
the voltage regulating winding 3 is connected with the high-voltage end of the high-voltage winding 1 in the single-phase transformer; the on-load voltage regulating switch 8 is arranged on the voltage regulating winding 3; the high-voltage connector 2 is arranged in the middle of the high-voltage winding 1; the partial discharge model 21 extends into the transformer tank of the single-phase transformer through the sealing cylinder 22.
(1) On-load voltage regulating switch
The on-load tap changer comprises an active branch 11, a transition branch 12 and tap taps sequentially arranged on a voltage regulating winding 3, wherein the number of the tap taps is at least 3, and as shown in fig. 1, the number of the tap taps in the embodiment is 6.
The active branch 11 comprises a first moving contact, a first switch, a first reactor 13 and a terminal fixed contact which are connected in sequence;
the transition branch 12 comprises a second moving contact, a second switch, a second reactor 14 and a terminal fixed contact which are connected in sequence;
the first moving contact and the second moving contact are respectively connected with the tapping tap in a sliding way.
The tapping taps comprise a head end tapping tap and a tail end tapping tap; the head end tapping is arranged at the connecting end of the voltage regulating winding 3 and the single-phase transformer, and the tail end tapping is arranged at the other end of the voltage regulating winding 3; the head end tapping is connected with a first high-voltage bushing 4, and the tail end fixed contact is connected with a second high-voltage bushing 5.
(2) Partial discharge model
The partial discharge model 21 includes a high voltage electrode provided with a spring; the high-voltage electrode is in contact connection with the high-voltage connector through spring compression. In this embodiment, the partial discharge model is one or more of partial discharge models such as a pin plate discharge model, a ball plate discharge model, and an air gap discharge model.
(3) Sealed cylinder
As shown in fig. 2, the sealing cylinder 22 is welded to the top window of the transformer tank 15; the top end of the sealed cylinder 22 is higher than the liquid level in the transformer conservator 16 so that no oil leakage occurs when the partial discharge model 21 is put in and taken out.
(4) High-pressure joint
The high-voltage connector 2 comprises a copper plate 23 welded at one end of a lead 24, and the other end of the lead 24 is connected with the middle part of a high-voltage winding 1 in the single-phase transformer; the copper plate 23 has a smooth surface and smooth edges.
The transformer test platform in the embodiment of the invention comprises the following test types and operation methods:
1. when adopting test platform to carry out transformer winding local heating test, include:
(1) a reactor 6 is connected between the first high-voltage bushing 4 and the second high-voltage bushing 5;
(2) supplying power to the low-voltage winding 7 of the single-phase transformer;
(3) the value of the reactor 6 is adjusted to change the short-circuit current in the regulating winding 3, thereby changing the temperature of the regulating winding 3.
When the value of the reactor 6 is small, it corresponds to the voltage regulating winding 3 being short-circuited through the reactor 6. When power is supplied to the low-voltage winding 7, short-circuit current flows through the voltage regulating winding 3, and only load current flows through the high-voltage winding 1, so that the heat productivity of the voltage regulating winding 3 is far greater than that of the high-voltage winding 1, and the temperature of the voltage regulating winding 3 is higher than that of the high-voltage winding. By changing the impedance value of the reactor 6, the short-circuit current in the regulating winding 3 can be changed, and the temperature of the regulating winding 3 can be changed.
Because the impedance value of the reactor 6 is not equal to zero, the voltage of the voltage regulating winding 3 is not completely short-circuited, so that the voltage of the high-voltage winding 1 and the voltage regulating winding 3 is still very high and can be equal to the rated voltage, and the experimental platform can be used for the temperature monitoring technology research of the transformer winding.
2. When adopting test platform to supply power to electrical equipment, include:
(1) connecting the electrical equipment and a reactor 6 in series and then between a first high-voltage bushing 4 and a second high-voltage bushing 5;
(2) the low-voltage winding 7 of the single-phase transformer is supplied with power and the value of the reactor 6 is adjusted to change the short-circuit current in the regulating winding 3. The maximum voltage value of the test platform for supplying power to the electrical equipment is the rated voltage of the high-voltage winding 1 in the single-phase transformer, and the current value is the short-circuit current in the voltage regulating winding 3.
3. When adopting test platform to carry out transformer winding partial discharge test, include:
the partial discharge mold 21 is placed inside the single-phase transformer along the sealing cylinder 22 so that the springs of the high-voltage electrodes in the partial discharge mold are in close contact with the copper plate 23 of the high-voltage connector 2.
The high-voltage connector 2 transmits the voltage in the middle of the high-voltage winding 1 to the partial discharge model 21, so that the partial discharge model 21 generates electricity, and the high-voltage connector 2 is electrically connected with the middle of the high-voltage winding 1, so that the high-voltage winding generator has the following advantages:
①, after the partial discharge pulse propagates along the high-voltage winding 1 for a certain distance, the partial discharge pulse is transmitted from the first high-voltage bushing 4 and the second high-voltage bushing 5, so that the partial discharge pulse signal output from the end of the high-voltage bushing contains the information of the propagation of the partial discharge pulse along the winding;
②, the voltage on the partial discharge model 21 is only a part of the high-voltage of the high-voltage winding 1, so that the withstand voltage of the partial discharge model 21 is not necessarily larger than or equal to the high-voltage of the high-voltage winding 1, and the volume of the partial discharge model 21 can be reduced, therefore, when the partial discharge test is carried out, the voltage on the high-voltage winding 1 is still the rated voltage and is consistent with the transformer with the same voltage class in actual operation;
③, in the partial discharge test, there is a risk that the partial discharge model 21 is broken down, and compared with the existing transformer test platform that the partial discharge model 21 is directly connected with the outgoing line of the high-voltage winding 1, the partial discharge model 21 is connected with the middle part of the high-voltage winding 1 in the embodiment, the voltage on the partial discharge model 21 is lower, and further, the impact damage to the transformer test platform when the partial discharge model is broken down is smaller.
Finally, it should be noted that: the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims (6)

1. A transformer test platform is characterized by comprising a single-phase transformer, a voltage regulating winding, a high-voltage connector, an on-load voltage regulating switch and a local discharge model;
the voltage regulating winding is connected with the high-voltage end of the high-voltage winding in the single-phase transformer, and the on-load voltage regulating switch is arranged on the voltage regulating winding; the high-voltage connector is arranged in the middle of the high-voltage winding; the partial discharge model extends into the transformer oil tank of the single-phase transformer through the sealing cylinder;
the on-load tap changer comprises an active branch, a transition branch and tap taps which are sequentially arranged on the voltage regulating winding, and the number of the tap taps is at least 3;
the active branch comprises a first moving contact, a first switch, a first reactor and a tail end fixed contact which are connected in sequence;
the transition branch comprises a second moving contact, a second switch, a second reactor and the tail end fixed contact which are connected in sequence;
the first moving contact and the second moving contact are respectively connected with a tapping tap in a sliding manner;
the tapping taps comprise a head end tapping tap and a tail end tapping tap; the head end tapping tap is arranged at the connecting end of the voltage regulating winding and the single-phase transformer, and the tail end tapping tap is arranged at the other end of the voltage regulating winding;
the head end tapping is connected with a first high-voltage bushing, and the tail end fixed contact is connected with a second high-voltage bushing;
the sealing cylinder is welded on a top window of the transformer oil tank; the top end of the sealing cylinder is higher than the liquid level in the transformer conservator, so that oil leakage does not occur when the partial discharge model is put in and taken out;
and a reactor is connected between the first high-voltage bushing and the second high-voltage bushing, the value of the reactor is adjusted, and the short-circuit current in the voltage regulating winding is changed, so that the temperature of the voltage regulating winding is changed.
2. The test platform of claim 1, wherein the partial discharge model comprises a high voltage electrode provided with a spring; the high-voltage electrode is in contact connection with the high-voltage connector through spring compression.
3. The test platform of claim 1, wherein the high voltage connection comprises a copper plate soldered to one end of one of the wires; the other end of the lead is connected with the middle part of a high-voltage winding in the single-phase transformer;
the copper plate is smooth on both the surface and the edge.
4. A method for performing a local heating test of a transformer winding by using the test platform of any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of:
step 11: a reactor is connected between the first high-voltage bushing and the second high-voltage bushing;
step 12: supplying power to a low-voltage winding of a single-phase transformer;
step 13: and adjusting the value of the reactor, and changing the short-circuit current in the voltage regulating winding so as to change the temperature of the voltage regulating winding.
5. A method of supplying power to an electrical device using a test platform according to any of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of: step 21: connecting a reactor between the first high-voltage bushing and the second high-voltage bushing, and connecting the electric equipment and the reactor in series;
step 22: supplying power to a low-voltage winding of a single-phase transformer;
step 23: adjusting a value of the reactor, thereby adjusting a voltage value output to the electrical device;
the maximum voltage value of the test platform for supplying power to the electrical equipment is the rated voltage of a high-voltage winding in the single-phase transformer, and the current value is the short-circuit current in the voltage regulating winding.
6. A method for performing a partial discharge test of a transformer winding using the test platform of any one of claims 1-3, comprising the steps of: and placing the partial discharge model into the transformer along the sealing cylinder, so that the spring of the high-voltage electrode in the partial discharge model is in close contact with the copper plate of the high-voltage connector.
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