Background technology
On-the-spot cycle verification is the important technical that ensures the reliable and stable operation of measuring apparatus, but the main object of current field-checking is electric energy meter and secondary circuit, site inspection to mutual inductor does not relate to substantially, code also only specifies: for operating high-voltage mutual inductor, on-site proving in every 10 years once.This main cause is wherein, while using traditional method calibrating mutual inductor, all to need primary equipment to have a power failure, and in the situation that not having obvious cosmetic damage or electric weight abnormal, user is reluctant for the calibrating interruption of power supply of error; And the equipment that the on-site proving of mutual inductor needs is many, safety practice and workflow complexity, also unrealistic for the cycle verification that has a power failure as electric energy meter of thousands of cover high pressure customer requirements of management.But, measuring apparatus is by mutual inductor, electric energy meter, an entirety of the common composition of secondary circuit, arbitrary part goes wrong all can not accurate-metering, just because of mutual inductor does not have one dynamically as electric energy meter, stable in-situ check and test method, we cannot learn the error change trend of mutual inductor in these 10 years, more can not find timely and accurately its more inner hidden failures that develop into because long time integration is gradual, as making TV error characteristics, long-term harmonic wave or resonance overvoltage worsen, the heat effect of all kinds of losses destroys the magnetoconductivity of TV iron core, the long-time running of coil generation slight damage is installed and develops into interlayer or turn-to-turn short circuit etc.Even if carry out on-site proving after 10 years, role is also very limited, and qualified is still qualified, underproof also because of can not accurately judge time of failure and development trend cannot to loss electric weight effectively remedy.
Traditional mutual-inductor tester is all error of measurement formula.In the time of calibrating voltage transformer (VT), load (being provided by voltage load box) is provided tested voltage transformer secondary, compare with the standard potential transformer of same voltage ratio, provide primary voltage by high-voltage power supply to the two, and the secondary differential pressure input validation instrument of the two is measured the error of tested voltage transformer (VT) with respect to standard potential transformer by tester.This calibration method, needs high-voltage power-supply unit, high voltage standard voltage transformer (VT) and voltage load box with voltage ratio.When primary voltage is greater than 10kV even when 110kV or 220kV, it is very heavy that these equipment just seem, not only moves inconvenience, and careless slightlyly when test be just prone to accidents, to the on-the-spot test of voltage transformer (VT) particularly difficulty.The eighties in last century, " utilizing low voltage voltage mutual inductor to measure the method for high voltage potential transformer error " proposed, " electrical measurement and instrument " first phase Zhao Xiumin in 1985 writes " utilizing low voltage voltage mutual inductor to measure the method for high voltage potential transformer error ", do not need high voltage standard voltage transformer (VT), first under low pressure measure the error of high voltage potential transformer, under low pressure and high pressure, survey admittance again, by calculating high-voltage mutual inductor error under high pressure.The method is called " low inspection is high " method for short, and is on the actual application, and the class of accuracy of tested high-voltage mutual inductor can reach 0.01 grade.But this method still needs primary equipment to have a power failure.
On 01 29th, 2014, the applicant is in Chinese invention patent application publication number CN103543432A, disclose a kind of mutual inductor on site somascope, comprised tension measuring circuit, error calculating display control circuit, voltage display circuit, relay and error display circuit; Described voltage display circuit is connected with the output terminal of tension measuring circuit; Although the running quality that this technical scheme can reflecting voltage mutual inductor; And without once having a power failure.But measure the secondary voltage value of pressing under mutual inductor actual motion state, need to drop into and exit on-the-spot voltage load box, need manpower intervention step many, because voltage load box is the resistance wire length that changes string place in circuit by slip slide plate, thereby change load resistance.Because there is moving contact part, there is mechanical friction and contact resistance in voltage load box, this just causes voltage load box change in resistance is discontinuous, and can not be applied to frequent change resistance and need to accurately know the occasion that accesses resistance; Equally also affect the metering of system and the control of controller.
Utility model content
The technical problems to be solved in the utility model is: provide a kind of voltage transformer (VT) on-the-spot Automatic Check-out And Readiness Equipment, do not having a power failure, do not affect the parameter such as voltage and secondary admittance of calibration potential transformator in the normal situation of working of metering or controller, and by microcomputer computing, measure and show the error of tested voltage transformer (VT), automaticity is high, and precision is good.
Because error is the key technical indexes of reflecting voltage mutual inductor operation, judge whether normal operation of voltage transformer (VT), the test error that can have a power failure is certainly best, but also can, in the situation that not knowing concrete error information, judge whether qualitatively in normal running status by a test value: this test value is to be normal condition under certain certain value; Between certain two value, be attention state, need to increase the number of times of test; Being greater than certain value is hidden danger state, needs to have a power failure and carries out on-the-spot test and replacing.
From the map analysis of load-graph of errors, the relation being substantially directly proportional between the load (admittance) of voltage transformer (VT) and error, load is larger, and error is larger.So when Indoor, need to examine and determine respectively its error in the time of secondary fully loaded (nominal load) and underloading (1/4 nominal load), qualified voltage transformer (VT) error under these two POLs is all qualified is basic demand.So, even consider according to the most extreme situation, the namely class of accuracy of twice of the error change of voltage transformer (VT) between two POLs, and verification result at ordinary times shows that the variation of the error amount under these two POLs also generally just fluctuates between the class of accuracy of voltage transformer (VT).So in the every reason that affects voltage transformer error, secondary load is the most direct, is also maximum factor, voltage transformer (VT) load characteristic that Here it is.
Just because of the undulating quantity of voltage transformer (VT) error under different loads point has a restriction, this is a build-in attribute of qualified voltage mutual inductor.So, if this attribute is destroyed conversely speaking,, voltage transformer (VT) load characteristic variation in service, excessive at the undulating quantity of different loads point tolerance, exceed permissible value a lot, also destroyed with regard to the load characteristic of account for voltage mutual inductor, may break down in inside, must have a power failure and check, further analyze again, voltage transformer error comprises amplitude error and phase error two parts, must be qualified through indoor first inspection before putting into operation, in service if there is fault, never there is the qualified and underproof situation of amplitude error of phase error, so, the measuring voltage mutual inductor voltage swing (amplitude) in the time of fully loaded and underloading, calculate again the intensity of variation of the magnitude of voltage of voltage transformer (VT) under different loads point, still can in the situation that not knowing mutual induction of voltage implement body error amount, judge its load characteristic, and then judge voltage transformer (VT) inside and whether break down.
The utility model solves the problems of the technologies described above adopted technical scheme: the on-the-spot Automatic Check-out And Readiness Equipment of a kind of voltage transformer (VT), comprise housing and system, control circuit, on described housing, have display screen, operation control knob, A to measure input port, B measurement input port and grounding ports; Described system, control circuit is arranged in housing, comprise tension measuring circuit, voltage display circuit, current measurement circuit, system-computed control circuit, error display circuit, compensating load circuit, compensating load display circuit, switching matrix and measurement parameter storer; Wherein: A measures input port and is connected with short circuit wire in housing with B measurement input port, short circuit wire
upper cover hascurrent transformer, current transformer connects current measurement circuit; The input end shunt compensation load circuit of described tension measuring circuit; Described voltage display circuit is connected the display screen on housing with error display circuit output end by a switching matrix, the control end welding system calculating control circuit of switching matrix; Between described tension measuring circuit, current measurement circuit and switching matrix and system-computed control circuit, all there is signal of communication line to be connected; Pulse width control unit (PWM) the welding system calculating control circuit of compensating load circuit; On system-computed control circuit, be also connected to measurement parameter storer.
Described compensating load circuit comprises adjustable resistance (Rx), high-power N channel field-effect pipe (Q1), high-power P-channel field-effect transistor (PEFT) pipe (Q2), photoelectricity isolated location and pulse width control unit (PWM); Described high-power N channel field-effect pipe (Q1) and high-power P-channel field-effect transistor (PEFT) pipe (Q2) be complementary be connected and and adjustable resistance (Rx) parallel with one another, wherein: high-power N channel field-effect pipe (Q1) is gone back diode D1 of differential concatenation on its source electrode, high-power P-channel field-effect transistor (PEFT) pipe (Q2) is gone back a diode D2 of forward series connection on its source electrode; Above-mentioned high-power N channel field-effect pipe (Q1) and high-power P-channel field-effect transistor (PEFT) pipe (Q2) are all connected with heat dissipation element; Described adjustable resistance (Rx) is ceramic resistor; Described pulse width control unit (PWM) connects respectively the grid of two field effect transistor by photoelectricity isolated location; Described pulse width control unit (PWM) is also connected the display screen on housing by compensating load display circuit with switching matrix.
Principle of work of the present utility model for: voltage transformer (VT) to be measured reality in service with secondary load be only electric energy meter and acquisition terminal, be generally 6VA left and right, and the secondary nominal load of voltage transformer (VT) to be measured be generally 20VA and more than, making voltage transformer secondary to be measured reach nominal load is to need to increase, do not need to remove loop to reduce load, this is just for the automatic adjustment of compensating load provides possibility; Because the secondary load of the voltage transformer (VT) to be measured under actual motion state all can not be fully loaded with; And whether reflecting voltage mutual inductor secondary terminals is fully loaded, see exactly whether the working current of secondary terminals reaches ratings; Therefore, as long as measure the secondary voltage value under voltage transformer (VT) actual motion state; Then, automatically drop into continuously the secondary load that needs increase, make voltage transformer secondary progressively reach fully loaded; Test the secondary voltage value of voltage transformer (VT) under each load; Calculate the percentage of each change in voltage, and storage; Automatically exit the secondary load of increase, recover normal operating mode.From the map analysis of load-graph of errors, the relation being substantially directly proportional between the load (admittance) of normal voltage transformer (VT) and error, load is larger, and error is larger.Just because of the undulating quantity of voltage transformer (VT) error under different loads point has a restriction, this is a build-in attribute of qualified voltage mutual inductor.So, if this attribute is destroyed conversely speaking,, voltage transformer (VT) load characteristic variation in service, excessive at the undulating quantity of different loads point tolerance, exceed permissible value a lot, also destroyed with regard to the load characteristic of account for voltage mutual inductor, may break down in inside, must have a power failure and check, further analyze again, voltage transformer error comprises amplitude error and phase error two parts, must be qualified through indoor first inspection before putting into operation, in service if there is fault, never there is the qualified and underproof situation of amplitude error of phase error, so, the voltage swing (amplitude) of measuring voltage mutual inductor in the time of different loads, calculate again the intensity of variation of the magnitude of voltage of voltage transformer (VT) under each POL, still can in the situation that not knowing mutual induction of voltage implement body error amount, judge its load characteristic, and then judge voltage transformer (VT) inside and whether break down.
Voltage transformer (VT) site inspection instrument of the present utility model can not affect under the state of controller work; whether normally in real time, detect accurately, easily mutual inductor; and needn't allow user stop power supply; check mutual inductor break-make by the method for loaded down with trivial details dismounting frame circuit breaker body and controller thereof again; realize the detection to mutual inductor work, guarantee the reliability of mutual inductor long-term work.Compared with prior art, the utility model has the advantages that and adopt the different loads error with error of measurement method measuring voltage mutual inductor under low-voltage, the error calculation formula of recycling voltage transformer (VT), calculate the error of voltage transformer (VT) under variant load, thereby can avoid Hi-pot test power supply, high voltage standard mutual inductor and voltage load box.For this this device is provided with for the compensating load of surveying mutual inductor Secondary Winding; Be provided with display measurement switching matrix and measurement parameter storer, complete the robotization of measuring process.Whole device is contained in a casing, becomes portable instrument, is especially suitable for on-the-spot use.
The beneficial effects of the utility model are:
(1) voltage transformer (VT) site inspection instrument is a kind of new principle voltage transformer (VT) calibrating installation of surveying voltage transformer (VT) mutual inductor Secondary Winding error that utilizes, measure the tested on-the-spot voltage transformer (VT) parameter such as error and corresponding admittance under low pressure by calibrating installation, through microcomputer computing, can directly show the ratio difference of tested on-the-spot voltage transformer (VT) in rated load and the following rated voltage of rated load.
(2) the utility model is connected in loop, use the utility model only need need be lived to secondary terminals with experiment clip sub-folder, charged interim dismounting and recover testing terminal do not change voltage transformer (VT) reality in service with secondary load, this increased security and the convenience of operation, also for steady, continuous test provides possibility.
(3) voltage transformer (VT) site inspection instrument, included current transformer and controllable compensating load, can automatically detect the voltage ratio that mutual inductor is identical, not need high-voltage power supply and high voltage standard mutual inductor, just can measure exactly the parameter such as no-load error and corresponding admittance under the latter's low pressure.The mechanical contact of prior art voltage load box has been saved in controllable compensating load wherein, eliminates because long-term friction causes the variation of contact resistance.In addition, design adjustable resistance (Rx) is complementary in parallel at high-power N channel field-effect pipe (Q1) and high-power P-channel field-effect transistor (PEFT) pipe (Q2); Not only can improve the temperature characterisitic of field effect transistor.And can carry out for the resistance of all types voltage load accurately adjustablely, overcome the situation of current restriction prior art voltage load box resistance type completely.Improve the exact controllability of place in circuit resistance.Can within load 0.00-100.0%, obtain and be accurate to ten thousand/ precision.
(4) in order to measure the voltage change ratio before and after mutual inductor band different loads, this just need to measure repeatedly voltage, be once wherein the magnitude of voltage after fully loaded, therefore the utility model obtains dexterously power frequency time control signal and carrys out the switching of control system calculating control circuit to different loads loop from voltage transformer (VT) to be measured.
Embodiment
With preferred embodiment, the utility model is described in further detail by reference to the accompanying drawings now.These accompanying drawings are the schematic diagram of simplification, and basic structure of the present utility model is only described in a schematic way, and therefore it only shows the formation relevant with the utility model.
The on-the-spot Automatic Check-out And Readiness Equipment of a kind of voltage transformer (VT) as shown in Figure 1, comprise housing (1) and system, control circuit, it is characterized in that: on described housing (1), have display screen (2), operation control knob (3), A to measure input port, B measurement input port and grounding ports (COM); Described system, control circuit is arranged in housing (1), comprise tension measuring circuit, voltage display circuit, current measurement circuit, system-computed control circuit, error display circuit, compensating load circuit, compensating load display circuit, switching matrix and measurement parameter storer; Wherein: A measures input port and is connected with short circuit wire (4) in housing (1) with B measurement input port, short circuit wire (4)
upper cover hascurrent transformer (5), current transformer (5) connects current measurement circuit; The input end shunt compensation load circuit of described tension measuring circuit; Described voltage display circuit is connected the display screen (2) on housing (1) with error display circuit output end by a switching matrix, the control end welding system calculating control circuit of switching matrix; Between described tension measuring circuit, current measurement circuit and switching matrix and system-computed control circuit, all there is signal of communication line to be connected; Pulse width control unit (PWM) the welding system calculating control circuit of compensating load circuit; On system-computed control circuit, be also connected to measurement parameter storer; Described compensating load circuit comprises adjustable resistance (Rx), high-power N channel field-effect pipe (Q1), high-power P-channel field-effect transistor (PEFT) pipe (Q2), photoelectricity isolated location and pulse width control unit (PWM); Described high-power N channel field-effect pipe (Q1) and high-power P-channel field-effect transistor (PEFT) pipe (Q2) be complementary be connected and and adjustable resistance (Rx) parallel with one another, wherein: high-power N channel field-effect pipe (Q1) is gone back diode D1 of differential concatenation on its source electrode, high-power P-channel field-effect transistor (PEFT) pipe (Q2) is gone back a diode D2 of forward series connection on its source electrode; Above-mentioned high-power N channel field-effect pipe (Q1) and high-power P-channel field-effect transistor (PEFT) pipe (Q2) are all connected with heat dissipation element; Described adjustable resistance (Rx) is ceramic resistor; Described pulse width control unit (PWM) connects respectively the grid of two field effect transistor by photoelectricity isolated location; Described pulse width control unit (PWM) is also connected the display screen (2) on housing (1) by compensating load display circuit with switching matrix.
Use the utility model, A is measured to input port, B and measure the secondary x that input port and grounding ports access respectively secondary X end, load wiring end and the voltage transformer (VT) to be measured of (use experiment clip sub-folder) voltage transformer (VT) to be measured and hold; The charged connecting line that unclamps secondary X end and load wiring end; Open the utility model power supply, press feeler switch, current transformer (5) is measured the output current of voltage transformer (VT) to be measured, system-computed control circuit judges output current, if the output current of sensing is less than the rated current of voltage transformer (VT) to be measured, be underloading, system-computed control circuit is by electrical communication signals line, and the first group of measured value immediately tension measuring circuit under this state being obtained compares and calculate storage.If the output current of sensing is greater than the rated current of voltage transformer (VT) to be measured, heavy duty, overflows the measured value that under this state, tension measuring circuit obtains not store; System-computed control circuit sends control signal by the pulse width control unit (PWM) of electrical communication signals alignment compensating load circuit immediately, and pulse width control unit (PWM) is by the grid of photoelectricity isolated location control two field effect transistor; Two field effect transistor, by pulsewidth conducting, are equivalent to compensating load circuit and reduce load, until the output current of sensing is less than the rated current of voltage transformer (VT) to be measured, and the voltage tester of recovery system calculating control circuit to voltage transformer (VT) to be measured.If the output current of sensing equals the rated current of voltage transformer (VT) to be measured, fully loaded, the measured value that under this state, tension measuring circuit obtains is compared and calculates storage.After this, system-computed control circuit obtains power frequency time control signal and carries out timing from voltage transformer (VT) to be measured, after 0.02 second, system-computed control circuit sends control signal to the pulse width control unit (PWM) of compensating load circuit, compensating load circuit strengthens again or minimizing load at random, again after 0.02 second, system-computed control circuit judges again to the output current of voltage transformer (VT) to be measured, if the output current of sensing is less than the rated current of voltage transformer (VT) to be measured, it is underloading, system-computed control circuit is by electrical communication signals line, the second group of measured value immediately tension measuring circuit under this state being obtained compares and calculates storage.If the output current of sensing is greater than the rated current of voltage transformer (VT) to be measured, heavy duty, overflows the measured value that under this state, tension measuring circuit obtains not store; System-computed control circuit sends control signal by the pulse width control unit (PWM) of electrical communication signals alignment compensating load circuit again immediately, and compensating load circuit reduces load; Until obtain the 2nd group of measured value of underloading; If the output current of sensing equals again the rated current of voltage transformer (VT) to be measured, fully loaded, the measured value that under this state, tension measuring circuit obtains is replaced to first group of measured value and compare calculating storage.After 0.02 second, system-computed control circuit judges again to the output current of voltage transformer (VT) to be measured, obtains again the 3rd group of measured value again.So repeatedly, when measurement parameter memory stores has after more than 3 groups measured values (i.e. at least twice underloading and once fully loaded measured value), system-computed control circuit stops measuring.The variation of magnitude of voltage that above-mentioned measuring process produces, compensating load value and each calculating voltage value, is shown at display screen (2) respectively by system-computed control circuit control switching matrix.