CN220246914U - Temporary building fixed ground anchor - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of anchorage devices and discloses a temporary building fixed ground anchor, which specifically comprises an anchor rod and anchor heads detachably connected with the anchor rod, wherein each anchor head comprises an anchor head rod and anchor claws hinged with the anchor head rod, each anchor claw is of a hollowed wedge-shaped block structure, each anchor claw is provided with a bottom plate and back plates connected with two opposite sides of the bottom plate, each back plate is of a triangle-like structure, and each anchor claw shaft is hinged between the two back plates. The beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows: the ground anchor has simple structure and convenient assembly; the types of the ground anchors are diversified, so that the application scenes are enriched; the ground hardening links are reduced, and the damage to the land is reduced; the installation is convenient, and the construction cost is reduced; the stability and wind resistance of the connection of the temporary building or facility and the ground are improved, so that the safety is improved.

Description

Temporary building fixed ground anchor

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of anchors, in particular to a temporary building fixed ground anchor.

Background

The ground anchor can be divided into anchor piles, anchor points, anchor ingots and traction pits, and is generally made by burying underground by using steel wire ropes, steel pipes, reinforced concrete prefabricated parts, logs and the like as buried parts. The common ground anchor types are fully buried, semi buried and mobile.

When a large exhibition or a large-scale activity is held, temporary buildings, facilities, display sheds and the like are often required to be placed, the buildings are often required to be rigidly connected with the ground or bolted, the problem of wind resistance is also required to be solved, and the facilities are required to harden the ground when being connected with the ground, so that the construction cost is increased, the land is damaged, the environment is damaged, and the restoration is difficult.

Disclosure of Invention

The utility model aims to solve the problem that the ground is damaged when a temporary building is connected with the ground in the prior art, and provides a temporary building fixed ground anchor which has the advantages of stable connection with the ground and strong wind resistance, and can improve the safety, reduce the construction cost and reduce the damage to the ground.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the temporary building fixed ground anchor comprises an anchor rod and anchor heads detachably connected with the anchor rod, wherein each anchor head comprises an anchor head rod and anchor claws hinged with the anchor head rod, each anchor claw is of a hollowed wedge-shaped block structure, each anchor claw is provided with a bottom plate and back plates connected with two opposite sides of the bottom plate, each back plate is of a triangle-like structure, and each anchor claw shaft is hinged between the two back plates.

The temporary building fixed ground anchor is composed of the anchor rod and the anchor head, and is convenient to connect and detach. The anchor head is composed of an anchor head rod and an anchor jaw, and the anchor head rod is hinged with the anchor jaw, so that the anchor head rod and the anchor jaw can be in a closed state and an unfolding state. The concrete structure of the fluke is a hollowed wedge block structure, so that the fluke and the anchor head rod can be more attached when in a closed state, and the ground anchor is smoother when inserted into the ground; simultaneously, when fluke and anchor head pole are in the expansion state, the anti-pulling effect is better.

Preferably, the anchor head rod is provided with an anchor head shaft hole matched with the diameter of the anchor jaw shaft, and the anchor jaw is hinged with the anchor head rod through the anchor jaw shaft penetrating through the anchor head shaft hole.

The anchor head shaft hole is matched with the anchor jaw shaft in diameter, so that the anchor jaw shaft on the anchor jaw can penetrate through the anchor head shaft hole, the positioning of the anchor jaw on the anchor head is determined, and the anchor jaw shaft can also rotate in the anchor head shaft hole. After the fluke shaft passes through the fluke shaft hole, the fluke shaft is hinged with the back plate of the fluke, so that double hinging of the fluke and the fluke rod is realized, and the fluke can be freely switched with the closing and unfolding states of the fluke rod.

Preferably, the fluke is provided with fluke shaft holes, and the two flukes are connected with one fluke shaft in a joint manner and hinged with the fluke head rod.

The fluke is provided with a fluke shaft hole, and the fluke shaft holes of the two opposite back plates can be hinged by one fluke shaft after being overlapped, so that the fact that a pair of flukes pass through one fluke shaft hole by using the same fluke shaft and are hinged with the anchor rod is realized. Thereby effecting simultaneous closing and opening of the pair of flukes in the anchor head shank.

Preferably, two pairs of flukes are arranged on the anchor head, and the two pairs of flukes are vertically distributed in the vertical direction.

In the embodiment that the two pairs of flukes are arranged on the anchor head, the two pairs of flukes are vertically staggered and distributed in the vertical direction, so that the anti-pulling capacity of the ground anchor can be further increased, and the ground anchor is more firmly connected with the ground when being underground

Preferably, the bottom of the anchor head is provided with an anchor tip, which is conical tip or hemispherical in shape.

The bottom of the anchor head is provided with an anchor tip, and the shape of the anchor tip can be a conical tip or a hemispherical tip. When the anchor point is a conical point, the anchor point can be smoother in the process of inserting the ground anchor into the ground; when the anchor point is a hemispherical tip, it is easier to pull out the ground in the embodiment of the recyclable ground anchor.

Preferably, the anchor head shaft hole is a round hole.

The shaft hole of the anchor head is provided with a round hole, and is one embodiment of the ground anchor. The anchor head shaft hole is round, the position of the anchor claw shaft is determined, and the anchor claw shaft can rotate in the anchor head shaft hole without displacement change.

Preferably, the anchor head shaft hole is a double-position shaft hole, and the double-position shaft hole is a combination of a horizontal position hole in the horizontal direction of the anchor head rod and a vertical position hole in the vertical direction of the anchor head rod.

The anchor head shaft hole is arranged as a double-position shaft hole, and is another embodiment of the ground anchor in the utility model. The two-position shaft hole has a certain space in the vertical direction and the water direction of the anchor head rod, so that when the anchor jaw shaft is positioned in the two-position shaft hole, the anchor jaw shaft can move and change in the horizontal position and the vertical position of the anchor head rod, and the position states of the anchor jaw and the anchor head rod are closed and unfolded, and the state that the anchor jaw and the anchor head rod are in a line in the vertical direction is newly increased.

Preferably, the flukes are provided as one.

In the embodiment where the anchor head shaft hole is provided as a double-position shaft hole, the anchor flukes can be provided as one, and the ground anchor can be pulled out of the ground for recycling.

Preferably, the flukes are provided as a pair.

In the embodiment in which the anchor head shaft hole is provided as a double-position shaft hole, the anchor flukes can be provided as a pair, and the embodiment in which the anchor flukes are provided as a pair is more strong in pulling-out resistance of the ground anchor.

Preferably, the anchor head rod is a hollow tubular rod, the upper part of the anchor head rod is provided with a threading hole, and the position, attached to the tip part of the fluke, of the anchor head rod is provided with a steel wire perforation, so that a steel wire rope penetrates into the anchor rod from the threading hole, penetrates out of the steel wire perforation and is connected with the tip part of the fluke.

The arrangement of the connection mode of the steel wire rope and the fluke enables the ground anchor to be pulled out from the ground for reuse after use.

Preferably, the structure of the bottom plate is matched with an anchor head rod, and the upper part of the anchor rod is provided with an anchor rod screw rod.

The structure of bottom plate cooperates with anchor head pole structure for the fluke is more laminating when being in closed state with anchor head pole, and is more smooth and easy when inserting the earth anchor underground. The upper portion of stock sets up to cat head stock for the anchor head can be with ground connecting plate bolted connection, also can use when being connected on the ground of cable rope, uses the bolt to connect cable rope on earth anchor upper portion.

Through the technical scheme, the utility model has the following beneficial effects:

the first ground anchor is simple in structure and convenient to assemble;

secondly, the types of the ground anchors are diversified, so that the application scenes are enriched;

thirdly, ground hardening links are reduced, and damage to the land is reduced;

fourth, the installation is convenient, the construction cost is reduced;

fifth, stability and wind resistance of the connection of the temporary building or facility with the ground are improved, so that safety is improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a first embodiment of a ground anchor in a closed configuration;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the first embodiment of the ground anchor in an expanded state;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic view of the fluke;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the ground anchor connected to the ground connection plate;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of the ground anchor connected to a cable rope;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a second embodiment of an earth anchor;

FIG. 7 is an assembled exploded view of a second embodiment of a ground anchor;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a recovery state structure of a second embodiment of an earth anchor;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a first view of a dual position shaft aperture;

FIG. 10 is a second perspective view of a dual position shaft aperture;

FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the structure of a third embodiment of a ground anchor in a closed position;

FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the construction of a third embodiment of a ground anchor in an expanded state;

FIG. 13 is a schematic view of the structure of the ground anchor in its expanded state;

fig. 14 is an enlarged view of the fluke-wire rope connection structure of the fourth embodiment of the earth anchor;

fig. 15 is a schematic view showing the structure of the fourth embodiment of the earth anchor in a closed state (before the pulling-out operation).

Description of the reference numerals

1. A bolt; 11. a bolt; 12. an anchor rod screw rod; 2. an anchor head; 21. flukes; 211. a fluke shaft; 212. a back plate; 213. a fluke shaft hole; 214. a bottom plate; 22. an anchor head shaft hole; 23. a threading hole; 231. perforating the steel wire; 24. an anchor point; 25. an anchor head screw rod; 26. a double-position shaft hole; 261. a horizontal hole; 262. a vertical position hole; 27. an anchor head rod; 3. a cable rope; 4. a ground connection plate; 5. a wire rope; 51. and (5) plugging.

Detailed Description

The following describes specific embodiments of the present utility model in detail with reference to the drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating and illustrating the utility model, are not intended to limit the utility model.

In the present utility model, unless otherwise stated, terms such as "upper, lower, left, right, inner, outer, far, near, and front" are generally used to refer to the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, for convenience of description and simplification of description only, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present utility model.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the temporary building fixed ground anchor specifically comprises an anchor rod 1 and an anchor head 2 detachably connected with the anchor rod 1, the anchor head 2 comprises an anchor head rod 27 and an anchor claw 21 hinged with the anchor head rod 27, the anchor claw 21 is of a hollowed wedge-shaped block structure, the anchor claw 21 is provided with a bottom plate 214 and back plates 212 connected with two opposite sides of the bottom plate 214, the back plates 212 are of a triangle-like structure, and an anchor claw shaft 211 is hinged between the two back plates 212.

The temporary building fixed ground anchor consists of two parts, namely the anchor rod 1 and the anchor head 2, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the anchor rod 1 and the anchor head 2 are preferably in threaded connection, the lower part of the anchor rod 1 is provided with internal threads, and the upper part of the anchor head 2 is provided with an anchor head screw rod 25 matched with the internal threads, so that the anchor rod 1 and the anchor head 2 are convenient to connect and detach to meet different application scenes.

Wherein the anchor head 2 is composed of the anchor head rod 27 and the fluke 21, and the anchor head rod 27 and the fluke 21 are hinged, so that the fluke 21 can be in a state and unfolded on the anchor head rod 27. The concrete implementation mode is that the structure of the fluke 21 is a hollowed wedge-shaped block structure. The specific structure of the fluke 21 is shown in fig. 3, the fluke 21 is composed of a bottom plate 214, a back plate 212 and a fluke shaft 211, wherein the back plate 212 is in a triangle-like structure, the bottom plate 214 is preferably in a rectangle structure, two opposite sides of the bottom plate 214 are respectively fixedly connected with the bottom edges of the two back plates 212, and the fluke shaft 211 is hinged to the corner area opposite to the bottom edges of the two back plates 212. The fluke shaft 211 passes through the shank 1 to effect articulation of the shank 27 and fluke 21.

Further, the anchor head rod 27 is provided with an anchor head shaft hole 22 which is matched with the diameter of the anchor jaw shaft 211, and the anchor jaw 21 passes through the anchor head shaft hole 22 through the anchor jaw shaft 211 to realize the hinging with the anchor head rod 27.

Specifically, the cross section of the anchor shaft 27 may be rectangular or circular. As shown in fig. 5, the anchor rod 27 is provided with an anchor shaft hole 22 penetrating the anchor rod 27, and the diameter of the anchor shaft hole 22 is matched with the diameter of the fluke shaft 211 so that the fluke shaft 211 can smoothly pass through the anchor rod 27 and can rotate in the anchor shaft hole 22.

Further, fluke 21 is provided with fluke shaft holes 213, and two flukes 21 are jointly connected with one fluke shaft 211 to be hinged with the fluke head rod 27.

As shown in fig. 3, a fluke shaft hole 213 is provided at a position where the back plates 212 of the flukes 21 are connected to the fluke shaft 211 so that the fluke shaft 211 can pass through the two back plates 212 and hinge with the two back plates 212. When the pair of flukes 21 are hinged, this is achieved by the pair of flukes 21 and one fluke shaft 211. It is specifically desirable to overlap the fluke shaft holes 213 of the two flukes 21, and then to pass one fluke shaft 211 through the overlapped fluke shaft holes 213 and hinge it with the four back plates 212.

Further, two pairs of flukes 21 are arranged on the anchor head 2, and the two pairs of flukes 21 are vertically distributed in the vertical direction.

In the first embodiment of the utility model, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, two pairs of flukes 21 are arranged on one anchor head 2, and the two pairs of flukes 21 are vertically staggered in the vertical direction, so that the ground anchor has stronger pulling-out resistance under the ground.

Further, the bottom of the anchor head 2 is provided with an anchor tip 24, and the anchor tip 24 is in a conical tip or hemispherical shape.

The anchor point 24 at the bottom of the anchor head 2 may be a conical point as shown at 5 or may be hemispherical as shown in fig. 6. The anchor point 24 and the anchor head rod 27 are fixedly connected, and the anchor point 24 and the anchor head rod can be integrally formed or welded.

Further, the anchor head shaft hole 22 is a round hole.

The anchor head shaft hole 22 formed in the anchor head rod 27 is a round hole, which is the first case of forming a hole in the anchor head 2 of the ground anchor, as shown in fig. 5, and it should be noted that the anchor head shaft hole 22 is a round hole, the position of the anchor jaw shaft 211 is determined, the anchor jaw shaft 211 can rotate in the anchor head shaft hole 22, and the anchor jaw shaft 211 does not have displacement change in the anchor head shaft hole 22.

Further, the anchor head shaft hole 22 is a double-position shaft hole 26, and the double-position shaft hole 26 is a combination of a horizontal position hole 261 in the horizontal direction of the anchor head shaft 27 and a vertical position hole 262 in the vertical direction of the anchor head shaft 27.

The anchor head shaft hole 22 formed in the anchor head rod 27 is the second case that the double-position shaft hole 26 is formed in the anchor head 2 of the ground anchor. The double-position shaft hole 26 has three-dimensional space holes having spaces in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction of the anchor head shaft 27, respectively, as shown in fig. 9 and 10, so that the fluke shaft 211 of the fluke 21 can slide in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction of the double-position shaft hole 26.

It should be noted that, when the two-position shaft hole 26 is formed on the anchor head rod 27, a drill bit matched with the diameter of the anchor claw shaft 211 is adopted to drill through the anchor head rod 27 and to continuously drill in the vertical direction to form a vertical position hole 262, so that the hole has a certain height in the vertical direction of the anchor head rod 27, after the drill bit reaches the top of the vertical position hole 262, the drill bit is shifted to the left or right by taking the center point of the drill bit part in the anchor head rod 27 as the center of a circle, the shifted displacement radian is larger than the diameter of the anchor claw shaft 211 to form a horizontal position hole 261, as shown in fig. 10, the horizontal position hole 261 is formed by shifting to the right to form a horizontal position hole 261, and a certain angle space is formed in the horizontal direction of the anchor head rod 27. The double-position shaft hole 26 is a three-dimensional space hole formed by combining the vertical position hole 262 and the horizontal position hole 261, so that the fluke shaft 211 can slide in the vertical direction of the anchor head rod 27 and also can rotate at an offset angle in the horizontal direction.

Further, flukes 21 are provided as one.

A second embodiment of the earth anchor is shown in fig. 6 and 7, which may be recycled after use. The bottom of the anchor rod 27 is provided with a double-position shaft hole 26, and a fluke 21 is arranged, wherein when the fluke shaft 211 is positioned in the horizontal position space of the anchor rod 27, the bottom plate 214 of the fluke 21 is positioned in the area of the anchor rod 27, so that the fluke 21 can be in a unfolding state, as shown in fig. 6; when the fluke shaft 211 is positioned at the lowest position of the anchor head shaft 27 in the vertical direction, the bottom plate 214 of the fluke 21 is positioned below the anchor point 24, and at this time, the fluke 21 can be aligned with the anchor head shaft 27 as shown in fig. 8, so that the ground anchor can be smoothly pulled out from the ground.

Further, flukes 21 are provided as a pair.

The flukes 21 are arranged in a pair, and are a third embodiment of the ground anchor, as shown in fig. 11 and 12, and the anchor head rod 27 of the ground anchor of this embodiment is provided with a round hole and a double-position shaft hole 26, as shown in fig. 11, where the anchor head rod 27 is provided with the double-position shaft hole 26.

Further, the anchor head rod 27 is a hollow tubular rod, the upper part of the anchor head rod 27 is provided with a threading hole 23, and the position, which is attached to the tip of the fluke 21, of the anchor head rod 27 is provided with a steel wire perforation 231, so that the steel wire rope 5 penetrates into the anchor head rod 27 from the threading hole 23, then penetrates out of the steel wire perforation 231 and is connected with the tip of the fluke 21.

As shown in fig. 13, which shows a fourth embodiment of the anchor head rod, the ground anchor of this embodiment can be recycled after use, the portion of the anchor head rod 27 is provided with a hollow tubular rod, the upper portion of the anchor head rod 27 is provided with a threading hole 23, and a wire perforation 231 is formed at a position which is attached to the tip portion of the fluke 21, so that the external wire rope 5 penetrates into the anchor head rod 27 from the threading hole 23, passes through the inside of the anchor head rod 27 and then penetrates out of the wire perforation 231, and the penetrated wire rope 5 is connected with the tip portion region of the fluke 21. It should be noted that, as shown in fig. 14, after the end of the steel wire rope 5 passes through the tip of the anchor jaw 21, the end of the steel wire rope 5 is provided with a plug 51, and the plug 51 is used for limiting, so that the anchor jaw 21 moves close to the anchor head rod 27 along with the pulling of the steel wire rope 5, and finally the anchor jaw 21 can be attached to the anchor head rod 27. In order that fluke 21 can conform more to anchor shank 27, the exterior of anchor shank 27 may be configured to more closely mate with fluke 21, as shown in fig. 13.

Further, the bottom plate 214 is structured to cooperate with the anchor head rod 27, and the upper portion of the anchor rod 1 is provided as the anchor rod screw 12.

As shown in fig. 2, shank 27 is square in cross-section, and the width of base 214 of fluke 21 is required to match the width of shank 27 so that fluke 21 may conform more closely to shank 27 when in the closed position, as shown in fig. 1 and 11. The upper part of the anchor rod 1 is provided with an anchor rod screw rod 12 which is matched with the bolt 11, so that the ground anchor can be externally connected with a member needing to use the ground anchor or a fixed cable rope and the like.

The temporary building fixed ground anchor can be applied to various scenes, and when the ground anchor is installed, the ground connecting plate 4 needs to be connected, as shown in fig. 4, the specific installation steps are as follows:

the first step: the drill bit positions the aperture according to the hole position of the ground connecting plate 4;

and a second step of: drilling by using a percussion drill bit, determining depth according to soil quality, wherein the specific body is not lower than 1200mm;

and a third step of: inserting a ground anchor;

fourth step: lifting and pulling by upward vibration, and determining the opening stress of the flukes; if the ground anchor is a double-position shaft hole 26 ground anchor, the anchor rod 1 needs to be rotated to determine the horizontal clamping force of the fluke, and then the fluke is vibrated upwards to be lifted.

Fifth step: the ground connection plate 4 and the anchor bolts are installed.

When the ground anchor is required to be pulled out after the ground anchor is used, the anchor rod 1 is twisted to enable the fluke shaft 211 to be positioned in the vertical position hole 262 as shown in fig. 8 and 9, and then pulled out upwards; the ground anchor shown in fig. 13 requires that the ground anchor is quickly pressed down and the wire rope 5 is pulled up until the fluke 21 is tightly attached to the anchor head rod 27 (which can be determined by calculating the length of the wire rope exceeding the whole ground anchor), and the wire rope 5 and the ground anchor are pulled out of the ground simultaneously as shown in fig. 15.

The temporary building anchor of the utility model is applied in two cases (but not limited to the two cases in implementation) in the drawings, and the specific modes are as follows:

the first type is applied to the fixation of temporary buildings, and is to bolt the anchor rod 1 of the ground anchor shown in fig. 4 with the ground connection plate 4, so as to provide a stable ground anchor for the temporary building, and to provide stable support without hardening the ground when the temporary building is fixed.

The second type is applied to fixing the cable rope, as shown in fig. 5, two fixing modes of the cable rope are provided, one is a ground connection mode of the cable rope 3, and after the ground anchor is inserted and stressed, the ground anchor is directly screwed and connected at the anchor rod screw rod 12 by using a plurality of bolts 11; in the underground connection mode of the second cable rope 3, the threading hole 23 is arranged on the anchor head rod 27, the cable rope penetrates through the threading hole 23, the anchor head 2 is separated from the anchor rod 1 after the ground anchor is inserted into the ground anchor for stress, and the cable rope 3 is stressed.

The specific features described in the above embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner, and in order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present utility model will not be described in detail in any possible combination.

Moreover, any combination of the various embodiments of the utility model can be made without departing from the spirit of the utility model, which should also be considered as disclosed herein.

Claims (11)

1. The utility model provides a temporary building fixed ground anchor, its characterized in that, including stock (1) and with stock (1) detachable connection's anchor head (2), anchor head (2) include anchor head pole (27) with anchor head pole (27) articulated fluke (21), fluke (21) are hollow wedge structure, fluke (21) be provided with bottom plate (214) and with backplate (212) that bottom plate (214) are relative both sides are connected, backplate (212) are class triangle-shaped structure, fluke axle (211) articulate between two backplate (212).

2. Temporary building fixed ground anchor according to claim 1, characterized in that the anchor head rod (27) is provided with an anchor head shaft hole (22) which is matched with the diameter of the anchor claw shaft (211), and the anchor claw (21) is hinged with the anchor head rod (27) through the anchor claw shaft (211) penetrating through the anchor head shaft hole (22).

3. Temporary building anchor according to claim 2, characterized in that the fluke (21) is provided with fluke shaft holes (213), both flukes (21) being jointly connected with one fluke shaft (211) hinged with the anchor head rod (27).

4. A temporary building anchor according to claim 3, characterized in that the anchor head (2) is provided with two pairs of flukes (21), the flukes (21) of the two pairs being vertically distributed.

5. Temporary building anchor according to claim 4, characterized in that the bottom of the anchor head (2) is provided with an anchor tip (24), the anchor tip (24) being conical or hemispherical.

6. Temporary building anchor according to claim 2, characterized in that the anchor head shaft hole (22) is a round hole.

7. Temporary building ground anchor according to claim 2, characterized in that the anchor head shaft hole (22) is a double-position shaft hole (26), the double-position shaft hole (26) being a combination of a horizontal position hole (261) in the horizontal direction of the anchor head shaft (27) and a vertical position hole (262) in the vertical direction of the anchor head shaft (27).

8. Temporary building anchor according to claim 7, characterized in that the fluke (21) is provided as one.

9. Temporary building anchor according to claim 7, characterized in that the flukes (21) are provided as a pair.

10. Temporary building fixed ground anchor according to claim 6 or 9, characterized in that the anchor head rod (27) is provided as a hollow tubular rod, the upper part of the anchor head rod (27) is provided with a threading hole (23), the position of the anchor head rod (27) attached to the tip of the anchor claw (21) is provided with a steel wire perforation (231), so that the steel wire rope (5) penetrates into the anchor head rod (27) from the threading hole (23), then penetrates out from the steel wire perforation (231) and is connected with the tip of the anchor claw (21).

11. Temporary building anchor according to claim 1, characterized in that the structure of the base plate (214) cooperates with the anchor head rod (27), the upper part of the anchor rod (1) being provided as an anchor rod screw (12).