CN220106019U - Composite sound absorption structure - Google Patents

Abstract

The present utility model provides a composite sound absorbing structure comprising: a base body, wherein a groove with one side open is formed in the base body; the micro-pore plate comprises a plate body and a plurality of through holes arranged on the plate body, wherein the plate body is connected with the substrate and seals the opening of the groove; the film layer is arranged between the microporous plate and the bottom wall of the groove, the edge of the film layer is connected with the side wall of the groove, the microporous plate, the film layer and the side wall of the groove are enclosed to form a first sound absorption cavity, and the film layer, the side wall of the groove and the bottom wall of the groove are enclosed to form a second sound absorption cavity; the first magnetic attraction piece is arranged on the film layer; the second magnetic attraction piece is arranged on the bottom wall of the groove, and magnetic attraction can be generated between the second magnetic attraction piece and the first magnetic attraction piece. The high-frequency sound absorption characteristic and the low-frequency sound absorption characteristic are combined, the middle-low frequency broadband sound absorption characteristic can be realized under the condition of smaller thickness, the problems of deeper back cavity and large space occupation are solved, the problems of limited high-frequency bandwidth and slightly poor compression resistance of the film are also solved.

Description

Composite sound absorption structure

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of noise reduction, in particular to a composite sound absorption structure.

Background

In noise control engineering, two types of sound absorbing materials are commonly used, namely a first type of porous sound absorbing material; a second type of plate-type resonant sound absorbing member. For the first type of porous sound absorbing materials, fiber materials are mainly used for manufacturing sound absorbing structures at present, and good sound absorbing performance can be achieved in a relatively wide frequency range. However, the main disadvantage is that the fibre materials have poor resistance to environmental ageing, and the mineral wool and glass fibres commonly used are also materials which are harmful to the human body. In addition, to achieve good low frequency sound absorption properties, the fiber thickness is required to be comparable to the acoustic length, often resulting in a sound absorbing structure that is large in size. The sound absorbing material for replacing the fiber is foaming material such as foamed aluminum, foamed ceramic and the like, and the low-frequency sound absorbing performance of the material is not ideal because the foaming material is not permeable to gas. The aluminum fiber board is a novel sound absorption structure which can give consideration to sound absorption performance and environment, but has high production cost. A second type of resonant sound absorbing member, such as a microperforated panel, is commonly used to drill holes of less than 0.5mm diameter into a solid sheet material to form the microperforated panel, lining the back cavity to form the sound absorbing structure. The micro-perforation sound absorption structure is characterized in that the medium frequency sound absorption and the low frequency sound absorption are performed, the back cavity is deeper, the occupied space is large, and the processing cost is high. The magnetic film resonance sound absorption structure has the low-frequency sound absorption characteristic of a thin back cavity, but has limited high-frequency bandwidth and slightly poor anti-collision performance.

In view of the above, a new approach is needed to be developed to address the above-mentioned shortcomings, and an optimization design is performed by adopting a method of combining two structures.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, an object of the present utility model is to provide a composite sound absorption structure.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:

a composite sound absorbing structure, the composite sound absorbing structure comprising:

the base body is provided with a groove with one side open;

the micro-pore plate comprises a plate body and a plurality of through holes arranged on the plate body, wherein the plate body is connected with the base body and seals the opening of the groove;

the film layer is arranged between the microporous plate and the bottom wall of the groove, the edge of the film layer is connected with the side wall of the groove, the microporous plate, the film layer and the side wall of the groove are enclosed to form a first sound absorption cavity, and the film layer, the side wall of the groove and the bottom wall of the groove are enclosed to form a second sound absorption cavity;

the first magnetic attraction piece is arranged on the film layer;

the second magnetic attraction piece is arranged on the bottom wall of the groove, and magnetic attraction can be generated between the second magnetic attraction piece and the first magnetic attraction piece.

In some embodiments of the utility model, the first magnetic attraction member is disposed in a central region of the film layer;

or,

the first magnetic attraction pieces are arranged in a plurality, and the first magnetic attraction pieces are arranged on the film in a dispersing mode.

In some embodiments of the utility model, the first magnetic attraction piece is a piece of iron or a piece of permanent magnet.

In some embodiments of the utility model, the second magnetic attraction piece is a permanent magnet piece; or,

the second magnetic attraction piece is an electromagnet.

In some embodiments of the present utility model, the electromagnet includes a core and a plurality of coils sleeved on the core, each coil corresponds to a switching device, and the switching device is used for controlling whether the corresponding coil is electrified.

In some embodiments of the utility model, the aperture of the through hole is 0.1 to 1mm;

the spacing between the through holes is 2 to 10mm.

In some embodiments of the present utility model, an adjusting structure is disposed on a side of the microplate near the membrane layer, and the adjusting structure is used for adjusting the opening size of at least one through hole.

In some embodiments of the present utility model, the plurality of through holes includes a plurality of columns of through holes arranged at intervals along a first direction, each column of through holes includes a plurality of through holes arranged at intervals along a second direction, and the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction;

the adjusting structure comprises a plurality of strip-shaped adjusting parts which are in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of rows of through holes, each strip-shaped adjusting part extends along the second direction and is in sliding fit with the micro-pore plate or the matrix, and each strip-shaped adjusting part can slide along the first direction.

In some embodiments of the present utility model, the adjusting structure further includes connection portions at two ends of the bar-shaped adjusting portion, the connection portions at two ends respectively connect the ends of the bar-shaped adjusting portions;

a chute is convexly arranged on the surface of the microporous plate, which is close to the film layer, at a position corresponding to the connecting parts at the two ends, and the connecting parts are in sliding fit with the corresponding chute;

and a damping layer is arranged on the wall of the chute.

In some embodiments of the utility model, the spacing between the microplate and the film layer is from 2 to 10cm; and/or the number of the groups of groups,

the distance between the film layer and the bottom wall of the groove is 1-2 cm.

In the composite sound absorption structure provided by the utility model, the first sound absorption cavity utilizing the high-frequency sound absorption characteristic of the micro-pore plate is formed between the micro-pore plate and the film layer, and the second sound absorption cavity utilizing the low-frequency sound absorption characteristic of magnetic noise reduction is formed between the film layer and the bottom wall of the groove, so that the high-frequency sound absorption characteristic and the low-frequency sound absorption characteristic are combined in parallel, the middle-low frequency broadband sound absorption characteristic under a smaller thickness can be realized, the problems that the back cavity is deeper and the space occupation is large during low-frequency sound absorption of the micro-perforated sound absorption structure are solved, the problem that the high-frequency bandwidth is limited in the magnetic film resonance sound absorption structure, and the compression resistance of the film is slightly poor are also solved.

Drawings

The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present utility model will become more apparent from the following description of the embodiments of the present utility model with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view showing a composite sound absorbing structure provided by a first embodiment of the present utility model;

FIG. 2 shows a schematic structural view of a composite sound absorbing structure provided by a second embodiment of the present utility model;

FIG. 3 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a composite sound absorbing structure provided by a third embodiment of the present utility model along a second direction;

FIG. 4 illustrates one of the cross-sectional views of the composite sound absorbing structure provided by the third embodiment of the present utility model along the second direction;

fig. 5 shows a second cross-sectional view of a composite sound absorbing structure provided in a third embodiment of the present utility model along a second direction.

In the figure:

10. a base; 11. a groove; 20. a microplate; 21. a plate body; 22. a through hole; 23. a chute; 231. a first groove wall; 232. a second groove wall; 24. a damping layer; 30. a film layer; 40. a first magnetic attraction member; 50. a second magnetic attraction member; 51. an iron core; 52. a coil; 60. an adjustment structure; 61. a bar-shaped adjusting part; 62. a connection part; 100. a first sound absorption chamber; 200. and a second sound absorption cavity.

Detailed Description

The present utility model is described below based on embodiments, and it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the drawings provided herein are for illustrative purposes and that the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale.

Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, throughout the description and the claims, the words "comprise", "comprising", and the like are to be construed in an inclusive sense as opposed to an exclusive or exhaustive sense; that is, it is the meaning of "including but not limited to".

In the description of the present utility model, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present utility model.

Furthermore, in the description of the present utility model, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality", "a plurality of groups" is two or more.

As shown in fig. 1, an exemplary embodiment of the present utility model provides a composite sound absorbing structure comprising a substrate 10, a micro-porous plate 20, and a film layer 30.

The base 10 is provided with a groove 11 having one side open, and the base 10 may be made of, for example, a rigid aluminum alloy material, and the shape of the groove 11 is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, cylindrical, rectangular parallelepiped, or the like.

The microplate 20 includes a plate body 21 and a plurality of through holes 22 formed in the plate body 21, and the plate body 21 is connected to the substrate 10 and closes the opening of the recess 11, and the connection manner of the microplate 20 and the substrate 10 is not limited, and may be, for example, adhesion, fastening connection, or the like. The shape of the through holes 22 is not limited, and may be square holes, round holes, hexagonal holes, irregular holes, etc., and the size and arrangement of the through holes 22 may be designed according to specific sound absorption requirements, and illustratively, the aperture of the through holes 22 may be 0.1 to 1mm, for example, 0.1mm, 0.3mm, 0.5mm, 0.7mm, 1mm, etc. The spacing between the through holes 22 is 2 to 10mm, and may be, for example, 2mm, 4mm, 6mm, 8mm, 10mm, or the like. The material of the microplate 20 is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, a metal material, an acryl material, a wood material, or the like.

The film layer 30 is disposed between the microplate 20 and the bottom wall of the recess 11, and the edge of the film layer 30 is connected to the sidewall of the recess 11. The specific material of the film layer 30 is not limited as long as it can be deformed by a magnetic force, and the film layer 30 is illustratively a polyethylene terephthalate film layer. The film layer 30 is provided with a first magnetic attraction piece 40, the bottom wall of the groove 11 is provided with a second magnetic attraction piece 50, magnetic force can be generated between the second magnetic attraction piece 50 and the first magnetic attraction piece 40, and the first magnetic attraction piece 40 and the second magnetic attraction piece 50 can be permanent magnets or one of the permanent magnets and the other of the permanent magnets and the second magnetic attraction piece 50 is an iron sheet. The second magnetic attraction member 50 may also be provided as an electromagnet, in which case the magnitude of the magnetic force between the first magnetic attraction member 40 and the second magnetic attraction member 50 can be adjusted by control of the electromagnet.

Thus, the micro-pore plate 20, the membrane layer 30 and the side wall of the groove 11 enclose to form the first sound absorption cavity 100, the first sound absorption cavity 100 can utilize the high-frequency sound absorption characteristic of the micro-pore plate 20 to realize high-frequency sound absorption, the distance between the micro-pore plate 20 and the vibrating diaphragm can be set according to practical requirements, and the distance between the micro-pore plate 20 and the vibrating diaphragm is 2 to 10cm, for example, can be 2cm, 4cm, 6cm, 8cm, 10cm and the like. The film layer 30, the side wall of the groove 11 and the bottom wall of the groove 11 enclose to form a second sound absorption cavity 200, the second sound absorption cavity 200 can utilize a magnetic structure to realize low-frequency sound absorption, and the distance between the film layer 30 and the bottom wall of the groove 11 can be set according to practical requirements, for example, the distance between the film layer 30 and the bottom wall of the groove 11 is 1 to 2cm, for example, 1cm, 1.2cm, 1.4cm, 1.6cm, 1.8cm, 2cm and the like.

The composite sound absorption structure provided by the embodiment combines the high-frequency sound absorption characteristic and the low-frequency sound absorption characteristic in parallel, can realize the middle-low frequency broadband sound absorption characteristic under the smaller thickness, solves the problems that the back cavity is deeper and the space occupation is large when the micro-perforation sound absorption structure is used for low-frequency sound absorption, and also solves the problems that the high-frequency bandwidth is limited in the magnetic film resonance sound absorption structure and the compression resistance of the film is slightly poor.

The number and the arrangement positions of the first magnetic attraction pieces 40 are not particularly limited, and in one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the first magnetic attraction pieces 40 are set to one, and the first magnetic attraction pieces 40 are set in the central area of the film layer 30, and when the magnetic attraction force is generated between the second magnetic attraction pieces 50 and the first magnetic attraction pieces 40, the film layer 30 deforms, so that the negative stress of each position of the film layer 30 is uniformly changed.

In another embodiment, a plurality of first magnetic attraction pieces 40 are provided, and the plurality of first magnetic attraction pieces 40 are disposed on the film layer 30 in a dispersing manner. In this embodiment, each first magnetic attraction piece 40 is correspondingly provided with a second magnetic attraction piece 50, and when the second magnetic attraction pieces 50 are electromagnets, whether the electromagnets generate magnetic attraction with the first magnetic attraction pieces 40 or not can be controlled, that is, the number of the first magnetic attraction pieces 40 attracted with the second magnetic attraction pieces 50 is controlled, so as to adjust the sound absorption frequency of the second sound absorption cavity 200.

In the embodiment in which the second magnetic attraction member 50 is an electromagnet, as shown in fig. 2, the electromagnet includes an iron core 51 and a plurality of coils 52 sleeved on the iron core 51, and the plurality of coils 52 may be arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the iron core 51, or may be sequentially sleeved on the iron core 51 from inside to outside. Each coil 52 corresponds to a switching device, and the switching devices are used for controlling whether the corresponding coils 52 are electrified, so that the magnetic attraction force of the electromagnet to the first magnetic attraction piece 40 can be adjusted by controlling the opening quantity of the switching devices, and further the sound absorption frequency of the second sound absorption cavity 200 can be adjusted, wherein the switching devices can be controlled manually or electrically.

In an embodiment, as shown in fig. 3 and fig. 4, the composite sound absorption structure further includes an adjusting structure 60, where the adjusting structure 60 is disposed on a side of the micro-porous plate 20 near the film layer 30, and the adjusting structure 60 is used for adjusting the opening size of the at least one through hole 22, so as to adjust the sound absorption frequency of the first sound absorption cavity 100.

The adjusting structure 60 may be used to adjust the opening size of one through hole 22, or may be used to adjust the opening sizes of a plurality of through holes 22. In one embodiment, as shown, the plurality of through holes 22 includes a plurality of columns of through holes 22 spaced apart along a first direction (e.g., the x-direction in fig. 4), each column of through holes 22 includes a plurality of through holes 22 spaced apart along a second direction (e.g., the y-direction in fig. 3), and the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction. The adjustment structure 60 includes a plurality of bar-shaped adjustment portions 61 in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of rows of through holes 22, each of the bar-shaped adjustment portions 61 extending in the second direction and slidably engaged with the microplate 20 or the base 10, each of the bar-shaped adjustment portions 61 being slidable in the first direction. Thus, when the bar-shaped adjusting portion 61 is located between the two rows of through holes 22 as shown in fig. 4, the through holes 22 are not blocked, the opening of the through hole 22 is at a maximum, and when the bar-shaped adjusting portion 61 slides in the first direction, as shown in fig. 5, the bar-shaped adjusting portion 61 can block a part of the through holes 22, and the opening of the through hole 22 becomes smaller.

The respective bar-shaped adjusting portions 61 may be provided independently of each other, and in this case, the opening size of the corresponding through hole 22 may be changed by adjusting the position of a specific one or a plurality of bar-shaped adjusting portions 61, or in other embodiments, the positions of all the bar-shaped adjusting portions 61 may be adjusted together. For example, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the adjusting structure 60 further includes connection portions 62 at both ends of the bar-shaped adjusting portion 61, the connection portions 62 at both ends connecting the ends of each bar-shaped adjusting portion 61, respectively, that is, the connection portions 62 connect each bar-shaped adjusting portion 61 as a unitary structure. The surface of the micro-pore plate 20 near the membrane layer 30 is provided with a chute 23 in a protruding manner at a position corresponding to the connecting part 62 at the two ends, and the connecting part 62 is in sliding fit with the corresponding chute 23. Illustratively, the chute 23 is L-shaped in cross-section, including a first chute wall 231 and a second chute wall 232, the second chute wall 232 being opposite the microplate 20, and the connection portion 62 being slidable along the chute 23. In addition, for convenience of operation, a bar-shaped groove extending along the first direction may be provided on the micro-porous plate 20, and an operation lever may be provided at a position on the connection portion 62 corresponding to the bar-shaped groove, and may slide along the bar-shaped groove to drive the connection portion 62 and each bar-shaped adjustment portion 61 to slide synchronously along the first direction.

In an embodiment, the damping layer 24 is disposed on the wall of the chute 23, and the damping layer 24 may be disposed on the first wall 231 or the second wall 232, so that the sliding of the adjusting structure 60 has a certain resistance by the arrangement of the damping layer 24, so that the adjusting structure 60 is kept in a fixed position when not subjected to external force.

It is easy to understand by those skilled in the art that the above preferred embodiments can be freely combined and overlapped without conflict.

The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model, and various modifications and variations may be made to the present utility model by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present utility model should be included in the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims (10)

1. A composite sound absorbing structure, the composite sound absorbing structure comprising:

the base body is provided with a groove with one side open;

the micro-pore plate comprises a plate body and a plurality of through holes arranged on the plate body, wherein the plate body is connected with the base body and seals the opening of the groove;

the film layer is arranged between the microporous plate and the bottom wall of the groove, the edge of the film layer is connected with the side wall of the groove, the microporous plate, the film layer and the side wall of the groove are enclosed to form a first sound absorption cavity, and the film layer, the side wall of the groove and the bottom wall of the groove are enclosed to form a second sound absorption cavity;

the first magnetic attraction piece is arranged on the film layer;

the second magnetic attraction piece is arranged on the bottom wall of the groove, and magnetic attraction can be generated between the second magnetic attraction piece and the first magnetic attraction piece.

2. The composite sound absorbing structure of claim 1, wherein the first magnetic attraction member is disposed in a central region of the film layer;

or,

the first magnetic attraction pieces are arranged in a plurality, and the first magnetic attraction pieces are arranged on the film in a dispersing mode.

3. The composite sound absorbing structure of claim 1, wherein the first magnetic attraction member is a sheet of iron or a sheet of permanent magnet.

4. The composite sound absorbing structure of claim 1, wherein the second magnetic attraction member is a permanent magnet block; or,

the second magnetic attraction piece is an electromagnet.

5. The composite sound absorbing structure of claim 4, wherein the electromagnet comprises a core and a plurality of coils sleeved on the core, each coil corresponding to a switching device for controlling whether the corresponding coil is energized.

6. The composite sound absorbing structure of claim 1, wherein the through holes have a pore size of 0.1 to 1mm;

the spacing between the through holes is 2 to 10mm.

7. The composite sound absorbing structure of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein an adjusting structure is provided on a side of the microporous plate adjacent to the film layer, the adjusting structure being used to adjust the opening size of at least one of the through holes.

8. The composite sound absorbing structure of claim 7, wherein the plurality of through holes comprises a plurality of columns of through holes spaced apart along a first direction, each column of through holes comprising a plurality of the through holes spaced apart along a second direction, the first direction and the second direction being perpendicular;

the adjusting structure comprises a plurality of strip-shaped adjusting parts which are in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of rows of through holes, each strip-shaped adjusting part extends along the second direction and is in sliding fit with the micro-pore plate or the matrix, and each strip-shaped adjusting part can slide along the first direction.

9. The composite sound absorbing structure according to claim 8, wherein the adjusting structure further comprises connecting portions at both ends of the strip-shaped adjusting portion, the connecting portions at both ends connecting the end portions of each strip-shaped adjusting portion, respectively;

a chute is convexly arranged on the surface of the microporous plate, which is close to the film layer, at a position corresponding to the connecting parts at the two ends, and the connecting parts are in sliding fit with the corresponding chute;

and a damping layer is arranged on the wall of the chute.

10. The composite sound absorbing structure of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the spacing between the microplates and the film layer is 2 to 10cm; and/or the number of the groups of groups,

the distance between the film layer and the bottom wall of the groove is 1-2 cm.