CN220093854U

CN220093854U - Proportional positioning device applied to traction seat

Info

Publication number: CN220093854U
Application number: CN202321645378.8U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 高亮; 张铁君; 刘源源
Original assignee: Changchun Faw Sihuan Transmission Auto Parts Co ltd
Current assignee: Changchun Faw Sihuan Transmission Auto Parts Co ltd
Priority date: 2023-06-27
Filing date: 2023-06-27
Publication date: 2023-11-28
Anticipated expiration: 2033-06-27

Abstract

The utility model discloses a proportional positioning device applied to a traction seat, which belongs to the technical field of clamps and comprises a positioning seat, a limiting flange, a positioning nut, a compression bar, a sliding block, a first ejector rod, a second ejector rod and a return spring, wherein the positioning nut is arranged on the positioning seat; the positioning seat is provided with two through circular inner holes, the axes of the two through circular inner holes are positioned on the same plane and are mutually perpendicular, one circular inner hole is provided with a key slot up and down, and two ends of the other circular inner hole are provided with internal threads; the positioning is accurate in actual production, multiple adjustments are not needed, and the positioning can be completed by one-time clamping; the utility model has the shape following positioning capability, the left end and the right end of the positioning process are fed simultaneously, the feeding distance is kept in a fixed proportion, the blank deviation can be adapted, the compensation capability is provided for daily wear, and the stable and reliable positioning precision can be provided; the positioning and clamping functions are achieved, deformation and vibration of the traction seat can be weakened, and the problems of out-of-tolerance size, form and position tolerance and surface roughness are solved.

Description

Proportional positioning device applied to traction seat

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of clamps, and particularly relates to a proportional positioning device applied to a traction seat.

Background

The fixture is a device for fixing a machining object in a correct position in a machine manufacturing process to receive construction or detection, and is also called a fixture (qi haj ǜ). In a broad sense, any device used to quickly, conveniently and safely mount a workpiece at any stage in the process may be referred to as a fixture. The fixture is usually composed of a positioning element, a clamping device, a tool setting guiding element, a relative position of a tool and the workpiece or a direction of the tool, an indexing device, a rotary indexing device and a linear movement indexing device, a connecting element, a fixture body, a fixture base and the like, wherein the positioning element is used for determining the correct position of the workpiece in the fixture, the clamping device is used for determining the relative position of the tool and the workpiece or guiding the tool direction, and the indexing device is used for enabling the workpiece to finish processing of a plurality of stations in one installation. Modern clamps are developed in a rapid, accurate and automated way.

The fifth wheel is a critical component of a heavy duty truck for towing a trailer. In the production process of the traction seat, the casting blank is rough, the shape deviation is larger, the deviation between different batches is larger, and the larger the blank size is, the more obvious the deviation is. The traction seat blank is used as a large multi-structure thin-wall characteristic casting, the molding is complex, the problems are more remarkable, the clamping position is deviated in the actual production process, the problems of easy deformation and vibration of clamping and machining exist, and the light weight requirement is higher when the traction seat blank is particularly applied to a new energy heavy truck; multiple elements are required to be mechanically added in different directions, and particularly, the boring precision requirement of concentric holes on two sides is high. Therefore, a higher requirement is put on the positioning accuracy.

In the existing production, the positioning of the traction seat adopts the following two methods: 1) Two ends are fixed with supporting points (limit points); 2) One end is fixed with a supporting point (limit point), and the other end floats for clamping.

The method 1) has fixed supporting points (limiting points) at two ends, does not have the shape following capability of a workpiece blank, and does not have the clamping capability. Limiting is incomplete, gaps exist in actual production, and blank deviations of different batches are large, so that supporting gaps become large or workpieces cannot be placed in correct positions, and the blanks of different batches need to be readjusted during production.

The method 2) has the advantages that one end is fixed with a supporting point (limiting point), the other end floats, the clamping capability is achieved, the limiting is complete, new problems are caused, the whole workpiece is deviated to one end, and the workpiece positioning accuracy cannot be completely guaranteed. A larger machining allowance is reserved in the blank casting stage. And the problem of readjustment during production of blanks of different batches cannot be completely avoided.

The existing two positioning methods have the problems of incomplete and accurate positioning, easy deformation and vibration of clamping and machining, and the problems of time waste and energy waste due to the need of multiple adjustment according to batches; the method 2) weakens the problem that the clamping and machining in the method 1) are easy to deform and vibrate, but brings new problems: the blank casting stage is required to reserve larger machining allowance, so that not only is the waste of materials brought, but also the machining cost (energy consumption, equipment and cutter loss and the like) is increased, and the waste of manpower and time is brought; because the parts are heavy in quality, the labor intensity is improved through repeated adjustment and clamping, the manual physical strength is limited, the production capacity and the beat are improved, the bottleneck is often formed, and the requirement of large-batch and short-period supply cannot be met; the quality reliability can not be completely guaranteed, and the yield can only be improved by a small margin, and quality change can not be brought. The generation of waste and return products brings about larger waste, lowers the production efficiency, increases the production cost, is contrary to the light development direction and lean production concept, and is not beneficial to market development.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems, the utility model provides a proportional positioning device and a proportional positioning method applied to a traction seat, which radically solve the following two problems: 1. the problem of inaccurate positioning; 2. clamping and machining are easy to deform and vibrate. Accurate positioning can be achieved in actual production without multiple adjustment and one-time clamping. The utility model has the shape following positioning capability, the left end and the right end of the positioning process are fed simultaneously, the feeding distance is kept in a fixed proportion, the blank deviation can be adapted, the compensation capability is provided for daily wear, and the stable and reliable positioning precision can be provided; the clamping function is achieved during positioning, clamping deformation of the traction seat blank serving as a large-scale multi-structure thin-wall characteristic casting and part deformation and vibration in the machining process can be weakened, and the problems of dimension, form and position tolerance and surface roughness out of tolerance caused by deformation and vibration are solved. The problem of inaccurate, deformation, work piece out of tolerance that vibration brought even scrap is fundamentally solved, product quality and stability are improved by a wide margin, improve the yields, reduce work piece clamping time simultaneously, improved production efficiency by a wide margin to workman's intensity of labour has been improved, easy operation is convenient, labour saving and time saving. The cost is reduced, the efficiency is improved, and meanwhile, the market competitiveness of the product is improved.

The technical scheme of the utility model is as follows, a proportional positioning device applied to a traction seat, comprising: the device comprises a positioning seat, a limiting flange, a positioning nut, a pressing rod, a sliding block, a first ejector rod, a second ejector rod and a return spring;

the positioning seat is provided with two through circular inner holes, the axes of the two through circular inner holes are positioned on the same plane and are mutually perpendicular, one circular inner hole is provided with a key slot up and down, and two ends of the other circular inner hole are provided with internal threads;

the limiting flange, the compression bar and the sliding block are coaxially arranged in the circular inner hole provided with the key groove;

the positioning nut, the first ejector rod and the second ejector rod are coaxially arranged in a circular inner hole provided with an inner thread;

the limiting flange is arranged at one end of a circular inner hole provided with a key groove, the compression bar penetrates through the limiting flange and is fixedly connected with the sliding block, inclined planes are arranged on two sides of the sliding block, guide flat keys are arranged on two sides different from the inclined planes, and are fixed on the sliding block and slide in the key groove of the circular inner hole;

the positioning nut is arranged at two ends of a circular inner hole provided with an inner thread through threaded connection, one end of the first ejector rod and one end of the second ejector rod are cambered surfaces, the other end of the first ejector rod and the other end of the second ejector rod are inclined surfaces, the positioning nut is penetrated, the cambered surfaces are arranged outside the positioning seat, and the inclined surfaces are matched with the sliding blocks;

further, the limit flange is provided with a through threaded hole at a corresponding position of the axis of the circular inner hole provided with the key groove, the pressure lever and the limit flange are connected through threads, the slider is provided with a T-shaped groove at one end close to the pressure lever, the pressure lever is provided with a flange at one end close to the slider, and the pressure lever is connected with the T-shaped groove through the flange in a matched mode.

Further, a flange is arranged at one side, close to the sliding block, of the middle of the first ejector rod, a reset spring is arranged in the positioning nut and sleeved on the first ejector rod, and two ends of the reset spring are respectively abutted against the end face, far away from the sliding block, of the flange of the first ejector rod and the end face of an inner hole of the positioning nut; the second ejector rod is arranged in the same way.

The beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows:

the device provided by the utility model has the advantages that the positioning is accurate in actual production, multiple times of adjustment are not needed, the positioning can be completed through one-time clamping, meanwhile, the clamping effect is realized, the clamping deformation of a traction seat blank serving as a large-scale multi-structure thin-wall characteristic casting and the deformation and vibration of a part in the processing process can be weakened, and the problems of the dimension, the form and position tolerance and the surface roughness out of tolerance caused by the deformation and the vibration are solved. The problem of inaccurate and deformation-caused work piece out of stock or even scrapping is fundamentally solved, product quality and stability are greatly improved, work piece clamping time is shortened, production efficiency is greatly improved, labor intensity of workers is improved, operation is simple and convenient, and time and labor are saved. The cost is reduced, the efficiency is improved, and meanwhile, the market competitiveness of the product is improved.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a front view of the device of the present utility model.

Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of fig. 1 AA.

Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of fig. 1 BB.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the application of the device of the present utility model to a fifth wheel clamp.

Fig. 5 is a left side view of fig. 4.

Fig. 6 is a simplified schematic diagram of fifth wheel blank deflection.

Fig. 7 is a simplified schematic diagram of a proportional positioning method.

In the figure:

1-a clamp body assembly; 2-proportional positioning device (device of the utility model); 3-a traction seat; 103-a predetermined support plate; 104-a first platen; 105-a second platen; 106-pressing the screw; 201, positioning seats; 202, a limiting flange; 203-positioning nuts; 204-a compression bar; 205-a slider; 206-guiding a flat key; 207-a first ejector rod; 208-a second ejector rod; 209-a return spring; 301-a first incline of the inner crotch of the traction seat; 302-a second incline of the inner crotch of the traction seat; 303—fifth wheel base datum; angle a-the included angle of the first side of the inner crotch of the traction seat; angle b-the second side angle of the inner crotch of the traction seat; Δh-height deviation; Δm-crotch first side length deviation in the fifth wheel; delta n-deviation of the length of the second side of the crotch of the fifth wheel; c, angle c, the inclined plane included angle of the first side of the sliding block; angle d-the second side inclined angle of the slide block; Δl—slider feed distance; Δe first ejector pin feed distance; Δf second ejector pin feed distance.

Detailed Description

It should be noted that, in the description of the present utility model, the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, only for convenience of describing the present utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements to be referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operate in a specific orientation.

In the present utility model, unless specifically stated and limited otherwise, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and the like are to be construed broadly, and for example, "fixed" may be a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral body; the connection may be mechanical connection or electrical connection; the connection may be direct connection or indirect connection via an intermediate medium, and may be internal connection of two elements or interaction relationship of two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present utility model can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.

In the machining of the existing production, the part structure is more and more complex, the size requirement is strict, the light weight requirement is higher and the requirements on production equipment and clamp auxiliary tools are higher and higher. The utility model relates to a proportional positioning device and a proportional positioning method applied to a traction seat, which are used as key positioning units to be applied to a traction seat machine and a fixture (tool).

At present, various products (traction seats) are actually produced, one of which is shown as an example, the traction seat is only a schematic view, and not an engineering drawing, and details of the structure, proportion and the like of the drawing are simplified for more clearly expressing the appearance structure of a workpiece.

The device can thoroughly solve the problem of positioning accuracy and fundamentally ensure the positioning accuracy; the device is convenient to use, multiple adjustment is not needed in actual production, and positioning can be completed by one-time clamping; simultaneously has the clamping function and inhibits the generation of deformation and vibration; the workpiece clamping time is shortened, and the production efficiency is improved; the labor intensity of workers is improved; the universality is strong, and different traction seat products can be used only by replacing the corresponding sliding block 205, the first ejector rod 207 and the second ejector rod 208; the maintenance is convenient, the vulnerable part is replaceable, and the service life of the clamp is greatly prolonged. The quality is guaranteed, the working efficiency is improved, the manpower and material resources are saved, the generation of scrapped products is greatly reduced, the yield is greatly improved, the use is flexible and convenient, the cost is reduced, the efficiency is improved, and meanwhile, the market competitiveness of the product is improved.

The fifth wheel 3 is a workpiece or a product.

The angles of inclined surfaces at two sides of the sliding block are determined according to the fixed proportion of the inner crotch of the traction seat, namely the proportion of the feeding distance at two sides, and the lengths of the first ejector rod 207 and the second ejector rod 208 are respectively determined according to the installation position of the device in the clamp and the distance between two sides and the center of the inner crotch of the traction seat.

The proportional positioning device 2 is arranged and fixed on the clamp main body assembly 1 of the mechanical traction seat, when the clamp is used, the traction seat 3 is arranged on the preset supporting plate 103, both ends are tightly contacted under the action of gravity, and the reference surface of the traction seat is abutted against the preset supporting plate 103. The compression bar 204 of the screwing proportion positioning device 2 is positioned and clamped, then the traction seat 3 is clamped by the first pressing plate 104 and the second pressing plate 105 on the clamp main body assembly 1, and the pressing screw 106 is manually screwed down, so that a machining center can be started to perform machining operation according to a program.

The technical scheme of the utility model is as follows, a proportional positioning device of a traction seat comprises: the device comprises a positioning seat 201, a limiting flange 202, a positioning nut 203, a pressing rod 204, a sliding block 205, a first ejector rod 207, a second ejector rod 208 and a return spring 209;

the positioning seat 201 is provided with a round inner hole which is communicated from front to back, and the inner hole is provided with a key slot up and down; the positioning seat 201 is provided with a left-right through circular inner hole, the axis of the left-right through circular inner hole is in the same plane with the axis of the front-back through circular inner hole, the two ends of the left-right through circular inner hole are mutually perpendicular, and threaded holes are formed in the two ends of the left-right through circular inner hole, as shown in fig. 3;

the round inner hole, the limit flange 202, the compression bar 204 and the sliding block 205 which are communicated from front to back of the positioning seat 201 are coaxially arranged;

the left and right through circular inner holes of the positioning seat 201, the positioning nut 203, the first ejector rod 207, the second ejector rod 208 and the return spring 209 are coaxially arranged;

the limiting flange 202 is arranged at the front end of a round inner hole which is penetrated front and back, and a through threaded hole is arranged in the middle of the limiting flange 202;

the compression bar 204 is connected with the limiting flange 202 through threads, and a flange is arranged at the front end of the compression bar 204;

the sliding block 205 is arranged in a round inner hole which is penetrated front and back, inclined planes are arranged on the left side and the right side of the sliding block 205, key grooves are arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the sliding block 205, a guide flat key 206 is arranged, a T-shaped groove is arranged at the tail of the sliding block 205 and is matched with the flange at the front end of the pressing rod 204;

the positioning nuts 203 are arranged at two ends of the left and right through circular inner holes, are in threaded connection with the positioning seat 201, the positioning nuts 203 at two sides are coaxially arranged, and the axial direction of the positioning nuts 203 is in the same plane with the axial line of the front and rear through circular inner holes of the positioning seat 201 and is mutually perpendicular;

the first ejector rod 207 is similar to the second ejector rod 208 in structure: the free end is a cambered surface, the other end is an inclined surface, and a flange is arranged on one side of the middle close to the sliding block;

the first ejector rod 207 penetrates through a circular inner hole, a return spring and a left positioning nut which are communicated left and right on the positioning seat 201, and is arranged at the left side of the positioning seat;

the second ejector rod 208 penetrates through a circular inner hole, a return spring and a right positioning nut which are communicated left and right on the positioning seat 201, and is arranged on the right side of the positioning seat;

the two return springs 209 are respectively arranged in the left positioning nut 203 and the right positioning nut 203: the left reset spring is sleeved with the first ejector rod 207, and two ends of the left reset spring are respectively abutted against the end face, far away from the sliding block, of the flange of the first ejector rod 207 and the end face of the inner hole of the left positioning nut; the right reset spring is sleeved with the second ejector rod 208, and two ends of the right reset spring are respectively abutted against the end face of the flange of the second ejector rod 208 far away from the sliding block and the end face of the inner hole of the right positioning nut;

the pressing rod 204 is screwed, the sliding block 205 is driven by a straight line to move backwards in the axial direction in the round inner hole which is penetrated in the front and back of the positioning seat 201 under the action of the pressing rod 204, the upper and lower guide flat key grooves of the sliding block 205 are matched with the upper and lower key grooves of the round inner hole which is penetrated in the front and back of the positioning seat 201, and the clamping force on the left and right sides is born while the guiding and positioning action is achieved;

the first ejector rod 207 is abutted against the left inclined surface of the sliding block 205, the second ejector rod 208 is abutted against the right inclined surface of the sliding block 205, and the first ejector rod 207 and the second ejector rod 208 are respectively in close contact with the left inclined surface and the right inclined surface of the sliding block 205 at the moment under the action of the left reset spring and the right reset spring;

the first ejector rod 207 and the second ejector rod 208 can move towards the left crotch and the right crotch of the workpiece (the traction seat 3) respectively along the left-right through circular inner hole axis direction on the positioning seat 201 under the action of the sliding block 205, and sequentially contact with the two sides of the crotch of the workpiece (the traction seat 3) until clamping is completed, accurate proportional positioning is completed, and the workpiece (the traction seat 3) is clamped in an auxiliary manner;

the compression bar 204 and the limit flange 202 are in threaded connection to form self-locking, so that a stable and accurate proportional positioning state is maintained.

Releasing the pressure lever 204, wherein the slide block 205 drives the slide block 205 to move forwards in the axial direction in the round inner hole which is penetrated in the front and back of the positioning seat 201 in a straight line under the action of the pressure lever 204;

the first ejector rod 207 and the second ejector rod 208 are respectively in close contact with the left inclined surface and the right inclined surface of the sliding block 205 at the moment under the action of the left return spring and the right return spring, respectively move towards the sliding block 205 along the axial direction of the left and the right through circular inner holes on the positioning seat 201, and are released from the two sides of the inner crotch of the workpiece (the traction seat 3);

according to casting characteristics and past production experience: the angles of the reference surface of the traction seat and the left and right surfaces of the crotch of the traction seat are relatively stable, and the traction seat can be used as a reliable positioning position.

Fifth degree of freedom of six degrees of freedom of the fifth degree of freedom of the fixture body assembly 1 is restrained by the fifth degree of freedom of the fifth wheel 3 positioning: moving in the Y-axis direction, moving in the Z-axis direction, moving around the X-axis direction, moving around the Y-axis direction, moving around the Z-axis direction, the sixth degree of freedom is constrained by the proportional positioning device 2: moving along X-axis direction, and being arranged between left and right inner crotch of the traction seat.

When the traction seat blank is positioned, different blank positioning can deviate, as shown in fig. 6:

angle a of the first side of the inner crotch of the traction seat;

angle b of the second side of the inner crotch of the traction seat;

taking the height deviation as delta h;

taking the length deviation delta m of the first side of the inner crotch of the traction seat;

taking the length deviation delta n of the second side of the inner crotch of the traction seat;

Δm＝Δh×tana；

Δn＝Δh×tanb；

taking the length deviation of the first side of the inner crotch of the traction seat and the length deviation of the second side of the inner crotch of the traction seat as the fixed proportion P of the inner crotch of the traction seat, the left side and the right side of the inner crotch of the traction seat are required to be fed simultaneously, the feeding distance of the first side of the inner crotch of the traction seat and the feeding distance of the second side of the inner crotch of the traction seat always keep the fixed proportion P in the whole process of positioning and clamping,

the simplified principle is as in fig. 7:

the inclined plane included angle c of the first side of the sliding block;

the included angle d of the inclined surface of the second side of the sliding block;

taking the feeding distance delta l of the sliding block;

taking a first ejector rod feeding distance delta e;

taking the feeding distance delta f of the second ejector rod;

Δe＝Δl×tanc；

Δf＝Δl×tand；

taking the ratio of the feeding distance of the first ejector rod to the feeding distance of the second ejector rod as Q, if Q=P, the traction seat can be positioned proportionally according to the proportional positioning method disclosed by the utility model, and the deduction can be as follows:

principle of mechanical self-locking:

μ≥tanθ；

μ is the static friction factor;

θ is the self-locking friction angle;

if the application environment has high reliability requirements on positioning and clamping, for example, long-time clamping or working in a vibration environment is required, the inclined plane angles of the two sides of the sliding block can be smaller than or equal to the self-locking friction angle theta. At the moment, the first ejector rod and the inclined surface on the left side of the sliding block form self-locking; the second ejector rod and the inclined surface on the right side of the sliding block form self-locking; the compression bar is connected with the limit flange through threads to form self-locking; the proportional positioning device has high stability.

The foregoing is merely illustrative of specific embodiments of the present utility model, and the scope of the utility model is not limited thereto, but any modifications, equivalents, improvements and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the present utility model will be apparent to those skilled in the art within the scope of the present utility model. And all that is not described in detail in this specification is well known to those skilled in the art.

It is noted that relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

Claims

1. A proportional positioning device for a fifth wheel, comprising: the device comprises a positioning seat, a limiting flange, a positioning nut, a pressing rod, a sliding block, a first ejector rod, a second ejector rod and a return spring;

the positioning nut is arranged at two ends of a circular inner hole provided with an inner thread through threaded connection, one end of the first ejector rod and one end of the second ejector rod are cambered surfaces, the other end of the first ejector rod and the other end of the second ejector rod are inclined surfaces, the positioning nut is penetrated, the cambered surfaces are arranged outside the positioning seat, and the inclined surfaces are matched with the sliding blocks.

2. The proportional positioning device for the traction seat as claimed in claim 1, wherein the limit flange is provided with a through threaded hole at a corresponding position of the axis of the circular inner hole provided with the key slot, the compression bar is connected with the limit flange through threads, one end of the sliding block, which is close to the compression bar, is provided with a T-shaped groove, one end of the compression bar, which is close to the sliding block, is provided with a flange, and the compression bar is connected with the T-shaped groove through the flange in a matching way.

3. The proportional positioning device applied to the traction seat as claimed in claim 1, wherein a flange is arranged at one side, close to the sliding block, of the middle of the first ejector rod, a reset spring is arranged in the positioning nut and is sleeved on the first ejector rod, and two ends of the reset spring are respectively abutted against the end face, far away from the sliding block, of the flange of the first ejector rod and the end face of an inner hole of the positioning nut; the second ejector rod is arranged in the same way.