CN104959863A - Turning clamp for plate part hole and inner annular groove machining - Google Patents
Turning clamp for plate part hole and inner annular groove machining Download PDFInfo
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- CN104959863A CN104959863A CN201510380289.9A CN201510380289A CN104959863A CN 104959863 A CN104959863 A CN 104959863A CN 201510380289 A CN201510380289 A CN 201510380289A CN 104959863 A CN104959863 A CN 104959863A
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- 238000007514 turning Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001416181 Axis axis Species 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
- B23Q3/12—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine for securing to a spindle in general
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种板类零件上孔及内环槽的车加工夹具，包括夹具本体，夹具本体上设置有夹具安装槽，所述夹具安装槽包括X轴定位基准面、Y轴定位基准面和Z轴定位基准面，在X轴定位基准面的四角设置有干涉避让槽，在X轴定位基准面的上方两侧均设有压块主体，并设置有压紧螺栓，在压块主体的末端设置有压块凸台，在所述夹具本体的侧面设置有侧向顶紧螺栓孔，并在所述夹具本体的背面设置有车床安装轴；本发明由于采用了专用夹具加工此类板类零件的孔及内环槽，提高了待加工零件的装夹效率，生产率提高约50%。严格的定位精度控制，保证了该零件的加工精度要求，加工零件的合格率达到100%，夹具材料及制造成本节省约70%。
The invention discloses a turning fixture for upper holes and inner ring grooves of plate parts, which comprises a fixture body, on which a fixture installation groove is arranged, and the fixture installation groove includes an X-axis positioning reference plane and a Y-axis positioning reference plane and the Z-axis positioning datum plane, interference avoidance grooves are set at the four corners of the X-axis positioning datum plane, and the main body of the pressing block is arranged on both sides above the X-axis positioning datum plane, and the pressing bolts are arranged. The end is provided with a pressing block boss, and a lateral tightening bolt hole is provided on the side of the fixture body, and a lathe installation shaft is provided on the back of the fixture body; the present invention uses a special fixture to process such boards The holes and inner ring grooves of the parts improve the clamping efficiency of the parts to be processed, and the productivity increases by about 50%. Strict positioning accuracy control ensures the processing accuracy requirements of the part, the pass rate of the processed parts reaches 100%, and the jig material and manufacturing costs are saved by about 70%.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及一种机械加工专用夹具，尤其涉及一种板类零件上孔及内环槽的车加工夹具。 The invention relates to a special fixture for mechanical processing, in particular to a turning fixture for upper holes and inner ring grooves of plate parts.
背景技术 Background technique
带孔及内环槽的板类零件是车削加工的常见零件，该零件的的加工难点主要有： Plate parts with holes and inner ring grooves are common parts for turning processing. The processing difficulties of this part mainly include:
(1)孔的设计形位精度要求较高，孔的定位精度达到6级公差，加工要求较高，而目前一般采用四爪夹具零件，精度不高，造成零件合格率偏低，合格率仅约为60%左右； (1) The shape and position accuracy of the hole design is relatively high, and the positioning accuracy of the hole can reach 6 tolerances, and the processing requirements are relatively high. At present, the four-claw fixture parts are generally used, and the accuracy is not high, resulting in a low pass rate of the parts. The pass rate is only About 60%;
(2)内环形槽的存在使得刀具很难进入切削，加工方法受到限制，尤其是铣削加工很难实现； (2) The existence of the inner annular groove makes it difficult for the tool to enter the cutting, and the processing method is limited, especially the milling process is difficult to realize;
(3)零件总体是方形件，目前车削加工使用的四爪夹具（软爪），其定位装夹精度不高； (3) The part is generally a square piece. The four-jaw fixture (soft jaw) currently used in turning processing has low positioning and clamping accuracy;
(4)零件方形结构在铣削后的尺寸不一致，所以每个零件装夹时都需要用百分表找正其基准面，确定待加工孔的中心，目前采用四爪夹具需要反复多次试装，浪费大量时间，装夹找正的时间约占总加工时间的50%，生产率很低，既浪费时间，又容易产生孔的位置公差超差。尤其在批量生产中，车削加工这类零件时，加工效率很低，废品率较高； (4) The size of the square structure of the part after milling is inconsistent, so when each part is clamped, it is necessary to use a dial gauge to find out its reference plane and determine the center of the hole to be processed. At present, the use of four-claw fixtures requires repeated trial installations , A lot of time is wasted, the time for clamping and alignment accounts for about 50% of the total processing time, the productivity is very low, it is a waste of time, and it is easy to cause the position tolerance of the hole to be out of tolerance. Especially in mass production, when turning such parts, the processing efficiency is very low and the scrap rate is high;
(5)制造目前普遍使用的四爪夹具需要特定的硬度较低的材料，材料购买费用较高，同时，制造四爪需要经过机加、焊接等加工工序，工艺内容较多。 (5) The manufacture of the currently commonly used four-jaw fixture requires specific materials with low hardness, and the material purchase cost is high. At the same time, the manufacture of the four-jaw fixture requires machining, welding and other processing procedures, and the process content is more.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明的目的就在于提供一种板类零件上孔及内环槽的车加工夹具，以解决上述问题。 The object of the present invention is to provide a lathe machining fixture for upper holes and inner ring grooves of plate parts to solve the above problems.
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是这样的：一种板类零件上孔及内环槽的车加工夹具，包括夹具本体，所述夹具本体上设置有夹具安装槽，所述夹具安装槽包括X轴定位基准面、Y轴定位基准面和Z轴定位基准面，在所述X轴定位基准面的四角分别设置有一个干涉避让槽，在所述X轴定位基准面的上方两侧均设有压块主体，并在所述压块主体上设置有压紧螺栓，在夹具主体的上表面设置有与所述压紧螺栓对应的压紧螺栓孔，在所述压块主体的末端设置有压块凸台，在所述夹具本体的侧面设置有侧向顶紧螺栓孔，并在所述夹具本体的背面设置有车床安装轴。 In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: a lathe machining fixture for upper holes and inner ring grooves of plate parts, including a fixture body, the fixture body is provided with a fixture installation groove, and the fixture is installed The groove includes an X-axis positioning datum plane, a Y-axis positioning datum plane and a Z-axis positioning datum plane, and an interference avoidance groove is respectively arranged at the four corners of the X-axis positioning datum plane, and on both sides above the X-axis positioning datum plane Each is provided with a briquetting body, and a compression bolt is arranged on the briquetting body, and a compression bolt hole corresponding to the briquetting bolt is provided on the upper surface of the clamp body, and at the end of the briquetting body A pressing block boss is provided, a lateral tightening bolt hole is provided on the side of the clamp body, and a lathe installation shaft is provided on the back of the clamp body.
作为优选的技术方案：所述车床安装轴为阶梯轴，包括第一阶梯轴和第二阶梯轴。第一阶梯轴用于与软爪平面贴合定位，省去端面的找正时间，第二阶梯轴用于软爪夹紧。 As a preferred technical solution: the lathe installation shaft is a stepped shaft, including a first stepped shaft and a second stepped shaft. The first stepped shaft is used for positioning with the soft jaw plane, saving the time for aligning the end face, and the second stepped shaft is used for soft jaw clamping.
作为优选的技术方案：所述X轴定位基准面和Y轴定位基准面与待加工零件的长度和宽度方向均为小间隙配合。这样可以保证装夹方便。 As a preferred technical solution: the X-axis positioning datum plane and the Y-axis positioning datum plane cooperate with the length and width directions of the part to be processed with a small gap. This ensures easy clamping.
作为优选的技术方案：所述Z轴定位基准面与待加工零件的凸台侧面过渡配合。这样既能满足定位精度要求，又能保证装夹方便。 As a preferred technical solution: the Z-axis positioning datum plane transition fits with the side of the boss of the part to be processed. This can not only meet the positioning accuracy requirements, but also ensure the convenience of clamping.
制造本专利的夹具材料可以根据生产中产生的余料或废料进行单一的铣削加工制造。制造完成后的夹具可以直接安装在通用的三爪卡盘上进行加工。既节约了材料成本，又简化了加工工艺。 The jig material of this patent can be manufactured in a single milling process based on surplus material or scrap generated during production. The finished fixture can be directly installed on the universal three-jaw chuck for processing. It not only saves the material cost, but also simplifies the processing technology.
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点在于：由于采用了专用夹具加工此类板类零件的孔及内环槽，提高了待加工零件的装夹效率，生产率提高约50%。严格的定位精度控制，保证了该零件的加工精度要求，加工零件的合格率达到100%，夹具材料及制造成本节省约70%。 Compared with the prior art, the advantage of the present invention is that the clamping efficiency of the parts to be processed is improved and the productivity is increased by about 50% due to the use of special fixtures to process the holes and inner ring grooves of such plate parts. Strict positioning accuracy control ensures the processing accuracy requirements of the part, the qualified rate of the processed parts reaches 100%, and the fixture material and manufacturing costs are saved by about 70%.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1 为本发明实施例的典型待加工零件的结构示意图； Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the typical parts to be processed of the embodiment of the present invention;
图2是图1的A-A剖视图； Fig. 2 is A-A sectional view of Fig. 1;
图3 为本发明实施例夹具的定位面典型结构的示意图； Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a typical structure of the positioning surface of the fixture of the embodiment of the present invention;
图4 为本发明实施例的待加工零件内环槽典型结构示意图； Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a typical structure of the inner ring groove of the part to be processed according to the embodiment of the present invention;
图5为图4的B-B剖视图； Fig. 5 is the B-B sectional view of Fig. 4;
图6 为本发明实施例的夹具的约束待加工零件自由度结构示意图； Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the degrees of freedom of the parts to be processed constrained by the fixture of the embodiment of the present invention;
图7和图8为本发明实施例的夹具的压紧螺栓孔布局示意图； Figure 7 and Figure 8 are schematic diagrams of the layout of the clamping bolt holes of the clamp according to the embodiment of the present invention;
图9 为本发明实施例的夹具与待加工零件的配合关系示意图； Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the cooperation relationship between the fixture and the parts to be processed according to the embodiment of the present invention;
图10 为本发明实施例的夹具在机床安装的阶梯轴结构示意图； Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the stepped shaft structure of the clamp installed on the machine tool according to the embodiment of the present invention;
图11 为本发明实施例的待加工零件装入夹具的装配示意图。 Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the parts to be processed into the fixture according to the embodiment of the present invention.
图中：101-待加工零件孔位置的设计基准面，102-待加工零件单一内环槽，201-夹具典型定位面，301-待加工零件典型内环槽，401-X轴定位基准面、402-Y轴定位基准面，403-Z轴定位基准面，501-干涉避让槽，502-压块压紧螺栓孔，503-侧向顶紧螺栓孔，601-间隙配合，602-过渡配合，701-第一阶梯轴，702-第一阶梯轴，801-压块主体，802-压紧螺栓，803-压块凸台。 In the figure: 101-the design reference plane of the hole position of the part to be processed, 102-the single inner ring groove of the part to be processed, 201-the typical positioning surface of the fixture, 301-the typical inner ring groove of the part to be processed, 401-the X axis positioning reference plane, 402-Y-axis positioning datum plane, 403-Z-axis positioning datum plane, 501-interference avoidance groove, 502-press block pressing bolt hole, 503-lateral jacking bolt hole, 601-clearance fit, 602-transition fit, 701-the first stepped shaft, 702-the first stepped shaft, 801-the main body of the pressing block, 802-the pressing bolt, and 803-the boss of the pressing block.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
下面将结合附图对本发明作进一步说明。 The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
实施例： Example:
参见图1-11，具体的，待加工零件的结构如图1和2所示，本实施例的待加工零件孔位置的设计基准面101可以是平面，弧面及其他曲面，只需要在工装上设计与待加工零件孔位置的设计基准面101对应的夹具典型定位面201即可，夹具典型定位面201的结构示意如图3所示，本实施例待加工零件典型内环槽301可以是如单一环槽102，其结构示意如图4和5所示，也可以是阶梯形环槽及各种异型槽，待加工零件孔的形状包括圆孔，锥孔及螺纹孔，本实施例加工零件材料包括铝合金，碳钢，不锈钢，高温合金，钛合金等金属材料； Referring to Figures 1-11, specifically, the structure of the part to be processed is shown in Figures 1 and 2. The design reference plane 101 of the hole position of the part to be processed in this embodiment can be a plane, an arc surface or other curved surfaces, and only the tooling It is enough to design the typical positioning surface 201 of the fixture corresponding to the design reference surface 101 of the hole position of the part to be processed. The structure of the typical positioning surface 201 of the fixture is shown in Figure 3. The typical inner ring groove 301 of the part to be processed in this embodiment can be Such as a single annular groove 102, its structural schematic diagram is as shown in Figures 4 and 5, and it can also be a stepped annular groove and various special-shaped grooves. The shape of the hole of the part to be processed includes a round hole, a tapered hole and a threaded hole. The processing of this embodiment Part materials include aluminum alloy, carbon steel, stainless steel, superalloy, titanium alloy and other metal materials;
本实施例的板类零件上孔及内环槽的车加工夹具包括夹具本体，所述夹具本体上设置有夹具安装槽，所述夹具安装槽包括X轴定位基准面401、Y轴定位基准面402和Z轴定位基准面403，如图6所示， The turning fixture of the upper hole and the inner ring groove of the plate parts in this embodiment includes a fixture body, the fixture body is provided with a fixture installation groove, and the fixture installation groove includes an X-axis positioning reference surface 401 and a Y-axis positioning reference surface 402 and the Z-axis positioning reference plane 403, as shown in Figure 6,
为了保证孔的位置加工精度满足设计要求，在设计夹具时将待加工零件孔位置的设计基准面101与X轴定位基准面401贴合，夹具上以面X轴定位基准面401作为一个定位基准面（即自由度约束面），限制待加工零件在X方向的移动及绕Z轴方向的转动；以Y轴定位基准面402为一个定位基准面或者自由度约束面，限制了待加工零件沿Z方向的移动，并限制待加工零件绕X轴和Y轴的转动；以面Z轴定位基准面403作为一个定位基准面或者自由度约束面，限制了待加工零件沿Y方向的移动。通过这样的定位方式就实现了对该待加工零件空间6个自由度的全约束，保证了待加工零件装夹的牢固可靠； In order to ensure that the machining accuracy of the hole position meets the design requirements, when designing the fixture, the design datum plane 101 of the hole position of the part to be processed is attached to the X-axis positioning datum plane 401, and the X-axis positioning datum plane 401 is used as a positioning datum on the fixture The surface (that is, the constraint surface of the degree of freedom) restricts the movement of the part to be processed in the X direction and the rotation around the Z axis; the Y-axis positioning reference plane 402 is used as a positioning reference plane or a constraint surface of the degree of freedom, which limits the movement of the part to be processed along the The movement in the Z direction restricts the rotation of the parts to be processed around the X-axis and the Y-axis; the Z-axis positioning reference plane 403 is used as a positioning reference plane or a degree-of-freedom constraint surface to limit the movement of the parts to be processed in the Y direction. Through such a positioning method, the full constraint of the 6 degrees of freedom in the space of the part to be processed is realized, which ensures the firm and reliable clamping of the part to be processed;
为了提高装夹效率，本实施例采用了简单的螺钉及压板夹紧的方式，如图7和8所示，针对待加工零件的尖角结构，在四角设计了圆弧槽结构的干涉避让槽501，起到了避让干涉的作用，压块主体801采用压紧螺栓802装入压块压紧螺栓孔502紧固，待加工零件侧向采用螺钉装入侧向顶紧螺栓孔503顶紧； In order to improve the clamping efficiency, this embodiment adopts a simple screw and clamping method, as shown in Figures 7 and 8, for the sharp corner structure of the part to be processed, an interference avoidance groove with an arc groove structure is designed at the four corners 501, played a role in avoiding interference, the main body of the briquetting block 801 is fastened by loading the pressing bolt 802 into the pressing bolt hole 502 of the briquetting block, and the side of the part to be processed is tightened by using a screw to be loaded into the lateral tightening bolt hole 503;
本实施例对待加工零件与夹具之间的配合间隙进行了合理设计，如图9所示，待加工零件孔位置的设计基准面101与夹具的X轴定位基准面401贴合，板状的待加工零件的长度方向与宽度方向均与夹具安装槽间隙配合601，待加工零件的凸台侧面与夹具采用过渡配合602，这样既能满足定位精度要求，又能保证装夹方便； In this embodiment, the fit gap between the part to be processed and the fixture is reasonably designed. As shown in FIG. The length direction and width direction of the processed parts are all matched with the clearance of the fixture installation groove 601, and the side of the boss of the part to be processed and the fixture adopt a transition fit 602, which can not only meet the positioning accuracy requirements, but also ensure the convenience of clamping;
为了便于在车床上使用三爪卡盘（软爪）定位装夹，在夹具上设计了阶梯轴结构，如图10所示，第一阶梯轴701用于与软爪平面贴合定位，省去端面的找正时间，第二阶梯轴702用于软爪夹紧； In order to facilitate the positioning and clamping of the three-jaw chuck (soft jaw) on the lathe, a stepped shaft structure is designed on the fixture. As shown in Figure 10, the first stepped shaft 701 is used to fit and position with the soft jaw plane. The alignment time of the end face, the second stepped shaft 702 is used for soft jaw clamping;
将待加工零件装入夹具安装槽，待加工零件孔位置的设计基准面101与夹具的X轴定位基准面401贴合，然后使用螺钉穿入侧向顶紧螺栓孔503顶紧。最后，使用压块主体801压住待加工零件的两端，用压紧螺栓802夹紧，装配完成后的示意图如图11所示； Put the parts to be processed into the fixture installation groove, the design datum plane 101 of the hole position of the parts to be processed fits the X-axis positioning datum plane 401 of the fixture, and then use screws to penetrate into the lateral tightening bolt holes 503 for tightening. Finally, use the pressing block body 801 to press the two ends of the part to be processed, and clamp it with the pressing bolt 802. The schematic diagram after assembly is shown in Figure 11;
待零件装入夹具安装槽后，应比夹具安装槽Z方向的尺寸略高，在压块主体801的末端设置有压块凸台803，压块凸台803高度应保证高于待加工零件与夹具装配后的高度，这样就能保证零件的顺利装夹。 After the part is loaded into the fixture installation groove, it should be slightly higher than the size of the fixture installation groove in the Z direction. A pressing block boss 803 is arranged at the end of the pressing block main body 801. The height of the pressing block boss 803 should be guaranteed to be higher than the height of the part to be processed and The height of the fixture after assembly can ensure the smooth clamping of parts.
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。 The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection of the present invention. within range.
Claims (4)
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201510380289.9A CN104959863A (en) | 2015-07-02 | 2015-07-02 | Turning clamp for plate part hole and inner annular groove machining |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201510380289.9A CN104959863A (en) | 2015-07-02 | 2015-07-02 | Turning clamp for plate part hole and inner annular groove machining |
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| CN104959863A true CN104959863A (en) | 2015-10-07 |
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| CN201510380289.9A Pending CN104959863A (en) | 2015-07-02 | 2015-07-02 | Turning clamp for plate part hole and inner annular groove machining |
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| CN107160201A (en) * | 2017-06-28 | 2017-09-15 | 贵州黎阳国际制造有限公司 | A kind of clamp for machining of L-shaped straight pin |
| CN107639447A (en) * | 2017-09-25 | 2018-01-30 | 淮海工业集团有限公司 | A kind of vehicle clamper of quick-clamping cuboid part |
| CN107671562A (en) * | 2017-11-09 | 2018-02-09 | 贵州航帆精密机械制造有限公司 | A kind of Workpiece clamping device |
| CN108311925A (en) * | 2017-11-08 | 2018-07-24 | 如皋市大生线路器材有限公司 | A kind of lathe workpiece outer profile clamp for machining |
| CN109352106A (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2019-02-19 | 中国航发贵州黎阳航空动力有限公司 | A kind of guiding plate parts linear cutting clamp and method |
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| CN107160201A (en) * | 2017-06-28 | 2017-09-15 | 贵州黎阳国际制造有限公司 | A kind of clamp for machining of L-shaped straight pin |
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| CN108311925A (en) * | 2017-11-08 | 2018-07-24 | 如皋市大生线路器材有限公司 | A kind of lathe workpiece outer profile clamp for machining |
| CN107671562A (en) * | 2017-11-09 | 2018-02-09 | 贵州航帆精密机械制造有限公司 | A kind of Workpiece clamping device |
| CN109352106A (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2019-02-19 | 中国航发贵州黎阳航空动力有限公司 | A kind of guiding plate parts linear cutting clamp and method |
| CN109352106B (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2020-04-24 | 中国航发贵州黎阳航空动力有限公司 | Guide plate part linear cutting clamp and method |
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