CN220070413U - Expiratory valve structure and breathing machine - Google Patents
Expiratory valve structure and breathing machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN220070413U CN220070413U CN202321597046.7U CN202321597046U CN220070413U CN 220070413 U CN220070413 U CN 220070413U CN 202321597046 U CN202321597046 U CN 202321597046U CN 220070413 U CN220070413 U CN 220070413U
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- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 title abstract description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000241 respiratory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004202 respiratory function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model belongs to the technical field of medical appliances, and particularly relates to an exhalation valve structure and a breathing machine. The exhalation valve structure comprises a valve seat, an exhalation diaphragm, a water accumulation cup and a flow detection device; the valve seat is provided with an air inlet hole, an air outlet hole, an annular space surrounding the air inlet hole and a water outlet communicated with the annular space, the outlet of the air inlet hole is communicated with the annular space, and the water accumulation cup is arranged on the valve seat and is communicated with the water outlet; the expiration diaphragm is arranged in the annular space and is used for blocking or conducting the outlet of the air inlet hole; the flow detection device is communicated with the air outlet hole. In the utility model, the gas detected by the flow detection device is drier, so that the accuracy of the gas flow detected by the flow detection device is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of medical appliances, and particularly relates to an exhalation valve structure and a breathing machine.
Background
The breathing machine is a medical instrument which can replace, control or change normal physiological breathing of people, strengthen the ventilation of the lung, improve the respiratory function, lighten the consumption of breathing work and save the heart reserve capacity. The exhalation valve is an important component of a ventilator that closes when the patient exhales gas at a pressure below PEEP (positive end-expiratory pressure); when the pressure of the gas exhaled by the patient is greater than PEEP, the respiratory valve is turned on, so that the gas exhaled by the patient is output through the exhalation valve.
The flow detection device for detecting the flow of the exhaled air is integrated in the exhalation valve, and the flow detection device detects low flow progress due to certain moisture in the exhaled air of the patient. In addition, the existing exhalation valve has the technical problems of complex structure and inconvenient use.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model solves the technical problem of lower gas flow rate progress detected by a flow detection device in an exhalation valve in the prior art, and provides an exhalation valve structure and a breathing machine.
In view of the above problems, an exhalation valve structure provided by the embodiments of the present utility model includes a valve seat, an exhalation diaphragm, a water accumulation cup, and a flow detection device; the valve seat is provided with an air inlet hole, an air outlet hole, an annular space surrounding the air inlet hole and a water outlet communicated with the annular space, the outlet of the air inlet hole is communicated with the annular space, and the water accumulation cup is arranged on the valve seat and is communicated with the water outlet;
the expiration diaphragm is arranged in the annular space and is used for blocking or conducting the outlet of the air inlet hole; the flow detection device is communicated with the air outlet hole.
Optionally, the exhalation valve structure further comprises a compression bar and an elastic piece sleeved on the compression bar, wherein one end of the compression bar is provided with a blocking part for blocking or conducting the water outlet, and the other end of the compression bar passes through the water outlet; the pressing rod is provided with an abutting part, and two opposite ends of the elastic piece are respectively abutted with the abutting part and the outer wall of the water outlet;
when the water accumulation cup is arranged on the valve seat, the inner wall of the water accumulation cup drives the compression bar to move until the plugging part is communicated with the water outlet;
when the water accumulation cup is detached from the valve seat, the elastic piece drives the pressing rod to move until the blocking part blocks the water outlet.
Optionally, the exhalation valve structure further comprises a mounting disc mounted on the valve seat, a first through hole communicated with the water outlet is formed in the mounting disc, and one end, away from the plugging part, of the pressure rod penetrates through the water outlet and the first through hole;
the mounting plate is also provided with a rotating arm, and the water accumulation cup is provided with a rotating groove; the water accumulation cup is detachably arranged on the mounting disc through the radial arm screwed into the rotary groove.
Optionally, the flow detection device further comprises a differential pressure flow sensor and a differential pressure diaphragm provided with a through hole, and the differential pressure diaphragm is installed in the air outlet hole; the valve seat is further provided with a first detection hole and a second detection hole which are communicated with the air outlet hole, the differential pressure diaphragm is arranged between the inlet of the first detection hole and the inlet of the second detection hole, and the outlet of the first detection hole and the outlet of the second detection hole are communicated with the differential pressure flow sensor.
Optionally, the flow detection device further comprises a first fixed block provided with a groove and a second fixed block provided with a protruding part, wherein the first fixed block is installed on the second fixed block, and the protruding part compresses the differential pressure diaphragm in the groove;
the valve seat is also provided with a plug-in groove communicated with the air outlet hole, and the first fixing block and the second fixing block are plugged in the plug-in groove.
Optionally, the exhalation valve structure further comprises a flow stabilizer mounted in the annular space, and the gas in the annular space is input into the outlet holes through the flow stabilizer.
Optionally, the exhalation valve structure further comprises a plug-in arm installed in the annular space, a slot is formed in the plug-in arm, and the current stabilizer is plugged in the slot.
Optionally, the exhalation valve structure further comprises a pressure sensor, wherein the pressure sensor is communicated with the air inlet hole.
Optionally, the exhalation valve structure further comprises a voice coil motor, wherein the output end of the voice coil motor is connected with the exhalation membrane, and the voice coil motor is used for driving the exhalation membrane to block or conduct the outlet of the air inlet hole.
The utility model also provides a breathing machine, which comprises the exhalation valve structure.
In the utility model, when a patient inhales, the exhalation membrane seals the outlet of the air inlet hole, so that the annular space and the air at the rear end of the annular space cannot be input to the respiratory end of the patient through the air inlet hole;
when a patient exhales, the exhales diaphragm is communicated with the outlet of the air inlet hole, the air exhaled by the patient is input into the annular space through the air inlet hole, and in the process that the air flows in the annular space, moisture in the air flows into the water accumulation cup through the water outlet, so that the water accumulation cup can play a role in collecting moisture in the exhaled air; after the water is collected by the water accumulation cup, the gas in the annular space is output through the gas outlet, and the flow detection device can detect the gas flow output through the gas outlet. In the utility model, the flow detection device detects the gas flow after moisture is collected through the water accumulation cup, so that the gas detected by the flow detection device is drier, and the accuracy of the gas flow detected by the flow detection device is improved.
Drawings
The utility model will be further described with reference to the drawings and examples.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an exhalation valve architecture according to an embodiment of the present utility model;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an exhalation valve assembly according to an embodiment of the present utility model;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an exhalation valve structure provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present utility model;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a first fixing block, a second fixing block and a differential pressure membrane according to an embodiment of the present utility model;
fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a first fixed block, a second fixed block, and a differential pressure membrane according to an embodiment of the present utility model.
Reference numerals in the specification are as follows:
1. a valve seat; 11. an air inlet hole; 12. an air outlet hole; 13. an annular space; 14. a water outlet; 15. a first detection hole; 16. a second detection hole; 2. an exhalation membrane; 3. a water accumulation cup; 4. a compression bar; 41. a blocking part; 5. an elastic member; 6. a mounting plate; 71. a differential pressure diaphragm; 72. a first fixed block; 73. a second fixed block; 731. a protruding portion; 8. a current stabilizer.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical schemes and beneficial effects solved by the utility model more clear, the utility model is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the utility model.
It is to be understood that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "middle", etc., are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of description and simplification of the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or element in question must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the utility model.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, an embodiment of the present utility model provides an exhalation valve structure, which includes a valve seat 1, an exhalation diaphragm 2, a water accumulation cup 3, and a flow rate detection device (not shown in the drawings); the water accumulation cup 3 is arranged on the valve seat 1 and is communicated with the water outlet 14; it will be appreciated that the water outlet 14 is provided at the lower portion of the annular space 13, the air outlet 12 is communicated with the upper portion of the annular space 13, and the air inlet 11 is provided at the center of the annular space 13.
The exhalation diaphragm 2 is installed in the annular space 13, and the exhalation diaphragm 2 is used for blocking or communicating the outlet of the air inlet hole 11; the flow detection device is communicated with the air outlet hole 12. It will be appreciated that the exhalation membrane 2 is sealingly connected to the inner side wall of the annular space 13, whereby the exhalation membrane 2 may function to seal the annular space 13.
Specifically, when the patient inhales, the exhalation membrane 2 blocks the outlet of the air intake hole 11, so that the annular space 13 and the gas at the rear end thereof are not inputted to the respiratory end of the patient through the air intake hole 11;
when a patient exhales, the exhales diaphragm 2 conducts the outlet of the air inlet hole 11, the gas exhaled by the patient is input into the annular space 13 through the air inlet hole 11, and in the process of the gas flowing in the annular space 13, the moisture in the gas flows into the water accumulation cup 3 through the water outlet 14, so that the water accumulation cup 3 can play a role in collecting the moisture in the exhaled gas; after the water is collected by the water accumulation cup 3, the gas in the annular space 13 is output through the air outlet hole 12, and the flow detection device can detect the flow of the gas output through the air outlet hole 12. In the utility model, the flow detection device detects the gas flow after collecting moisture through the water accumulation cup 3, so that the gas detected by the flow detection device is drier, and the accuracy of the gas flow detected by the flow detection device is improved. In addition, the structure of the exhalation valve is simple and low in manufacturing cost.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, the exhalation valve structure further includes a compression rod 4 and an elastic member 5 sleeved on the compression rod 4, one end of the compression rod 4 is provided with a blocking portion 41 for blocking or conducting the water outlet 14, and the other end of the compression rod 4 passes through the water outlet 14; the compression bar 4 is provided with an abutting part, and two opposite ends of the elastic piece 5 are respectively abutted with the abutting part and the outer wall of the water outlet 14; it will be appreciated that the plunger 4 may slide up and down in the water outlet 14, the elastic member 5 includes, but is not limited to, a spring, etc., the blocking portion 41 is provided at the upper end of the plunger 4, and the outer diameter of the blocking portion 41 is larger than the inner diameter of the water outlet 14, so that the plunger 41 does not pass through the water outlet 14.
When the water accumulation cup 3 is mounted on the valve seat 1, the inner wall of the water accumulation cup 3 drives the compression bar 4 to move until the plugging part 41 is communicated with the water outlet 14; as will be appreciated, since the lower part of the plunger 4 protrudes into the external environment, when the water accumulation cup 3 is mounted on the valve seat 1, the bottom of the water accumulation cup 3 will push the plunger 4 upwards, the plunger 4 drives the blocking part 41 thereon to move upwards so as to bring the water outlet 14 into a conducting state, and thus the annular space 13 is communicated with the water accumulation cup 3 through the water outlet 14; and the upward movement of the plunger 4 compresses the elastic member 5.
When the water accumulation cup 3 is detached from the valve seat 1, the elastic piece 5 drives the pressing rod 4 to move until the blocking part 41 blocks the water outlet 14. It will be appreciated that when the water accumulating cup 3 is detached from the valve seat 1, the water accumulating cup 3 will release the pushing force to the compression rod 4, the compressed elastic force of the elastic member 5 will drive the compression rod 4 to move downwards, the downwards moving compression rod 4 will drive the blocking part 41 thereon to block the water outlet 14, so that when the water accumulating cup 3 is not mounted on the valve seat 1, the exhalation valve structure can also ensure the normal action of exhalation ventilation, and the safety of the exhalation valve structure is ensured.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, the exhalation valve structure further comprises a mounting plate 6 mounted on the valve seat 1, a first through hole communicating with the water outlet 14 is formed in the mounting plate 6, and an end of the compression rod 4 away from the plugging portion 41 passes through the water outlet 14 and the first through hole; it will be appreciated that the first through hole is arranged coaxially with the water outlet 14, the mounting plate 6 corresponds to a flange, and the upper part of the mounting plate 6 can be inserted into the water outlet 14.
A rotating arm is further arranged on the mounting plate 6, and a rotating groove is formed in the water accumulation cup 3; the water accumulation cup 3 is detachably arranged on the mounting disc 6 through the radial arm screwed into the rotary groove. It is understood that the radial arms and the radial grooves can be arranged in a plurality according to actual arrangement, the radial arms are distributed at intervals along the circumferential direction, and the radial grooves are also distributed at intervals along the circumferential direction. Specifically, firstly, the opening part of the water accumulating cup 3 is sleeved on the mounting disc 6, then the water accumulating cup 3 is rotated, and a radial arm on the mounting disc 6 is clamped in a rotary groove of the water accumulating cup 3, so that the water accumulating cup 3 is mounted on the mounting disc 6; the water accumulating cup 3 is reversely rotated, the radial arm is separated from the rotary groove, and the water accumulating cup 3 can be taken down from the mounting plate 6. In this embodiment, the assembly and disassembly operations of the water accumulating cup 3 are simple.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the flow detection device further includes a differential pressure type flow sensor (not shown in the figure) and a differential pressure diaphragm 71 provided with an opening, and the differential pressure diaphragm 71 is installed in the air outlet hole 12; the valve seat 1 is further provided with a first detection hole 15 and a second detection hole 16 which are both communicated with the air outlet hole 12, a pressure difference diaphragm 71 is arranged between the inlet of the first detection hole 15 and the inlet of the second detection hole 16, and the outlet of the first detection hole 15 and the outlet of the second detection hole 16 are both communicated with the pressure difference flow sensor. As can be appreciated, the differential pressure diaphragm 71 is a thin metal sheet, the first detection hole 15 is connected to the front end of the differential pressure diaphragm 71, and the second detection hole 16 is connected to the rear end of the differential pressure diaphragm 71.
Specifically, the gas in the gas outlet hole 12 can pass through the opening on the pressure difference diaphragm 71, the pressure difference diaphragm 71 has a blocking effect on the gas in the gas outlet hole 12, and thus the pressure at the rear end of the pressure difference diaphragm 71 is reduced; the differential pressure flow sensor can detect the pressure of the gas at the front end of the differential pressure diaphragm 71 through the first detection hole 15, can detect the gas pressure at the rear end of the differential pressure diaphragm 71 through the second detection hole 16, and calculates the gas flow output by the gas outlet hole 12 according to the pressure difference of the gas at the front end and the rear end of the differential pressure diaphragm 71; the process of calculating the gas flow rate by the differential pressure flow sensor is not described in detail herein.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 4 and 5, the flow detection device further includes a first fixed block 72 having a groove and a second fixed block 73 having a protrusion 731, the first fixed block 72 is mounted on the second fixed block 73, and the protrusion 731 compresses the differential pressure diaphragm 71 in the groove; it will be appreciated that the inner wall of the groove is provided with a second through hole, and the protruding portion 731 is provided with a second through hole communicating with the first through hole. Specifically, when the first fixing block 72 is mounted on the second fixing block 73, the protrusion 731 is inserted into the groove and presses the pressure difference diaphragm 71 in the groove, and the gas at the front end of the gas outlet hole 12 may be sequentially outputted to the rear end through the second through hole, the pressure difference diaphragm 71, and the first through hole.
As shown in fig. 2, the valve seat 1 is further provided with a plugging slot for communicating with the air outlet hole 12, and the first fixing block 72 and the second fixing block 73 are plugged in the plugging slot. It will be appreciated that after the first fixing block 72 and the second fixing block 73 are fixedly connected, the first fixing block 72 and the second fixing block 73 may be inserted into the insertion groove together, thereby completing the installation of the differential pressure membrane 71 in the air outlet hole 12. In this embodiment, the pressure difference diaphragm 71 is easily assembled and disassembled.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the exhalation valve structure further includes a flow stabilizer 8 mounted in the annular space 13, and the gas in the annular space 13 is input into the outlet holes 12 through the flow stabilizer 8. It will be appreciated that the gas exhaled by the patient is unstable and may have turbulence, and the flow stabilizer 8 may act as a warm flow for the gas, so that the gas input into the gas outlet 12 is relatively stable, thereby further improving the flow monitoring accuracy of the flow detection device.
In one embodiment, the current stabilizer 8 includes a fixed plate provided with a fourth through hole and a current stabilizing net installed in the fourth through hole.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the exhalation valve structure further comprises a plug-in arm installed in the annular space 13, a slot is provided on the plug-in arm, and the current stabilizer 8 is plugged in the slot. It will be appreciated that the stabilizer 8 may be inserted in the slot, thereby effecting the action of mounting the stabilizer 8 in the annular space 13; in this embodiment, the assembling and disassembling operation of the current stabilizer 8 is simple.
In one embodiment, the exhalation valve structure further includes a pressure sensor (not shown) that communicates with the inlet port 11. It will be appreciated that the pressure sensor may be adapted to sense the pressure of the gas exhaled by the patient into the inlet aperture 11.
In one embodiment, the exhalation valve structure further includes a voice coil motor (not shown in the figure), and an output end of the voice coil motor is connected to the exhalation membrane 2, and the voice coil motor is used for driving the exhalation membrane 2 to block or conduct the outlet of the air inlet hole 11. It will be appreciated that the output end of the voice coil motor may move the exhalation membrane 2 forward or backward, so that the exhalation membrane 2 may close or open the outlet of the air inlet 11, i.e. the exhalation membrane 2 may control the connection and disconnection between the air inlet 11 and the annular space 13.
The utility model also provides a breathing machine, which comprises the exhalation valve structure.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiment of the utility model is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the utility model.
Claims (10)
1. An exhalation valve structure is characterized by comprising a valve seat, an exhalation diaphragm, a water accumulation cup and a flow detection device; the valve seat is provided with an air inlet hole, an air outlet hole, an annular space surrounding the air inlet hole and a water outlet communicated with the annular space, the outlet of the air inlet hole is communicated with the annular space, and the water accumulation cup is arranged on the valve seat and is communicated with the water outlet;
the expiration diaphragm is arranged in the annular space and is used for blocking or conducting the outlet of the air inlet hole; the flow detection device is communicated with the air outlet hole.
2. The exhalation valve structure according to claim 1, further comprising a pressure lever and an elastic member sleeved on the pressure lever, wherein one end of the pressure lever is provided with a blocking portion for blocking or conducting the water outlet, and the other end of the pressure lever passes through the water outlet; the pressing rod is provided with an abutting part, and two opposite ends of the elastic piece are respectively abutted with the abutting part and the outer wall of the water outlet;
when the water accumulation cup is arranged on the valve seat, the inner wall of the water accumulation cup drives the compression bar to move until the plugging part is communicated with the water outlet;
when the water accumulation cup is detached from the valve seat, the elastic piece drives the pressing rod to move until the blocking part blocks the water outlet.
3. The exhalation valve structure according to claim 2, further comprising a mounting plate mounted on the valve seat, the mounting plate being provided with a first through hole communicating with the water outlet, an end of the pressure lever remote from the blocking portion passing through the water outlet and the first through hole;
the mounting plate is also provided with a rotating arm, and the water accumulation cup is provided with a rotating groove; the water accumulation cup is detachably arranged on the mounting disc through the radial arm screwed into the rotary groove.
4. The exhalation valve structure according to claim 1, wherein the flow rate detecting means further comprises a differential pressure flow sensor and a differential pressure diaphragm provided with an opening, the differential pressure diaphragm being installed in the outlet hole; the valve seat is further provided with a first detection hole and a second detection hole which are communicated with the air outlet hole, the differential pressure diaphragm is arranged between the inlet of the first detection hole and the inlet of the second detection hole, and the outlet of the first detection hole and the outlet of the second detection hole are communicated with the differential pressure flow sensor.
5. The exhalation valve structure according to claim 4, characterized in that the flow rate detecting means further comprises a first fixed block provided with a groove and a second fixed block provided with a projection, the first fixed block being mounted on the second fixed block, the projection pressing the differential pressure diaphragm in the groove;
the valve seat is also provided with a plug-in groove communicated with the air outlet hole, and the first fixing block and the second fixing block are plugged in the plug-in groove.
6. The exhalation valve structure of claim 1, further comprising a flow stabilizer mounted in the annular space through which gas in the annular space is input into the outlet orifice.
7. The exhalation valve structure of claim 6, further comprising a plug arm mounted in the annular space, the plug arm having a slot therein, the flow stabilizer being plugged into the slot.
8. The exhalation valve structure of claim 1, further comprising a pressure sensor that communicates with the inlet orifice.
9. The exhalation valve structure according to claim 1, further comprising a voice coil motor, wherein an output end of the voice coil motor is connected to the exhalation membrane, and the voice coil motor is used for driving the exhalation membrane to block or conduct an outlet of the air inlet hole.
10. A ventilator comprising an exhalation valve structure as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202321597046.7U CN220070413U (en) | 2023-06-20 | 2023-06-20 | Expiratory valve structure and breathing machine |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202321597046.7U CN220070413U (en) | 2023-06-20 | 2023-06-20 | Expiratory valve structure and breathing machine |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN220070413U true CN220070413U (en) | 2023-11-24 |
Family
ID=88821106
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202321597046.7U Active CN220070413U (en) | 2023-06-20 | 2023-06-20 | Expiratory valve structure and breathing machine |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN220070413U (en) |
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2023
- 2023-06-20 CN CN202321597046.7U patent/CN220070413U/en active Active
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Address after: 518000, Building 1, 101, Evergrande Fashion Huigu Building, Fulong Road, Shanghenglang Community, Dalang Street, Longhua District, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province Patentee after: Shenzhen Security Medical Technology Co.,Ltd. Country or region after: China Address before: A1302, Shenzhen national engineering laboratory building, No.20, Gaoxin South 7th Road, high tech Zone community, Yuehai street, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000 Patentee before: Shenzhen Security Medical Technology Co.,Ltd. Country or region before: China |