CN219960277U - a motor - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides a motor, and relates to the technical field of motors. The motor comprises a rotor, a stator, a rotating shaft and a heat dissipation disc; the heat dissipation disc and the rotor are connected with the rotating shaft, and the heat dissipation disc is positioned at one axial end of the rotor; the motor further comprises an air inlet air passage and a heat dissipation air passage, wherein the heat dissipation air passage extends from the center of the heat dissipation disc to the peripheral side wall, an exhaust port of the heat dissipation air passage is formed at the peripheral side wall of the heat dissipation disc, and the exhaust port is arranged towards the winding end part of the stator; one end of the air inlet air passage is communicated with one end of the heat dissipation air passage, which is far away from the air outlet, and the other end of the air inlet air passage is provided with an air inlet, and the air inlet is positioned on one side of the heat dissipation disc, which is far away from the rotor, and is used for being communicated with the air outlet on one side, which is far away from the rotor. Through the arrangement of the heat dissipation air passage and the air inlet air passage, the circulating air flow is mainly used for intensively dissipating heat of the winding end part, so that the winding end part of the stator which is relatively high in temperature and difficult to dissipate heat in the motor can be cooled.

Description

a motor

Technical field

The utility model relates to the technical field of motors, specifically to a motor.

Background technique

Motors are widely used in all aspects of production and life. For example, multiple motors are used as driving devices in automobiles, especially new energy vehicles.

The motor will continue to generate heat when it is working. In some technologies, the motor is designed with a heat dissipation structure, such as fan cooling, water cooling, etc. However, these heat dissipation methods have limited heat dissipation effects, and there are cases where the temperature in some areas is relatively high. Specifically, There is a problem of difficulty in dissipating heat at the winding ends of the stator.

Utility model content

The utility model aims to solve the problem of how to improve the heat dissipation performance of the motor in related technologies to a certain extent.

In order to solve at least one aspect of the above problems at least to a certain extent, the present invention provides a motor, which includes a rotor, a stator, a rotating shaft and a heat dissipation plate; the heat dissipation plate and the rotor are both connected to the rotating shaft, and the heat dissipation plate The disk is located at one axial end of the rotor;

The motor also includes an air inlet duct and a heat dissipation air duct, the heat dissipation air duct extends from the center of the heat dissipation plate to the peripheral side wall, and the heat dissipation air duct is formed at the peripheral side wall of the heat dissipation plate. The exhaust port is provided toward the winding end of the stator;

One end of the air inlet duct is connected to an end of the heat dissipation air duct away from the exhaust port, and an air inlet is formed at the other end. The air inlet is located on the side of the heat sink away from the rotor, And used to communicate with the exhaust port on the side away from the rotor.

Optionally, the intake air passage is provided on the rotating shaft.

Optionally, the intake air passage includes a first communication section and a second communication section, the first communication section extends along the axial direction of the rotating shaft, and the second communication section extends from the center of the rotating shaft to the circumference. The side wall extends, one end of the second communication section is connected to the first communication section, and the other end is connected to the heat dissipation air channel;

The air inlet is formed at the axial end surface and/or peripheral side wall of the rotating shaft.

Optionally, the intake air passage further includes a third communication section extending from the center of the rotating shaft to the peripheral side wall, and one end of the third communication section is connected to the first communication section The other end forms a communication port, and the communication port is located at the axial middle position of the rotor.

Optionally, a first air gap is formed between the radial inner wall of the rotor and the rotating shaft, the first air gap extends along the axial direction of the rotating shaft, and the first air gap is connected to the heat dissipation air. One end of the channel away from the exhaust port is connected; the communication port is connected with the first air gap.

Optionally, a plurality of the heat dissipation air channels are distributed along the circumference of the heat dissipation plate, and the heat dissipation air channels extend spirally from the inside to the outside in the radial direction of the heat dissipation plate, and the heat dissipation air channels extend from the inside to the outside. The direction of external rotation is opposite to the rotation direction of the heat sink plate.

Optionally, a plurality of blades are formed on the end surface of the heat sink facing the rotor. The plurality of blades are distributed along the circumference of the heat sink and extend in an arc shape from the inside to the outside along the radial direction of the heat sink. ;

The end surfaces of the blades facing the rotor are in contact with the rotor, and the heat dissipation air passages are formed between adjacent blades in the circumferential direction of the heat dissipation plate.

Optionally, the heat dissipation air passage has a first side wall away from the rotor in the axial direction, and in a direction close to the exhaust port, the first side wall at the exhaust port to the rotor The distance gradually increases.

Optionally, along the axial direction, the heat dissipation air passage has a first side wall away from the rotor, and in a direction close to the exhaust port, the first side wall at the exhaust port reaches The distance between the rotors gradually increases.

Optionally, the heat sink plate is used to form a balance plate of the motor;

And/or, two of the heat dissipation plates are respectively provided at both ends of the rotor;

And/or, the motor further includes a casing and a water-cooling structure for cooling the casing. The water-cooling structure at least partially covers the axial middle position of the stator in the water-cooling area of the casing.

Compared with the related prior art, in the motor of the present invention, a heat sink is provided, the heat dissipation air passage is at least partially formed on the heat sink, and the heat dissipation air passage is formed with an exhaust port at the radially outer end surface of the heat sink, One end of the air inlet duct is connected to the end of the heat dissipation air duct away from the exhaust port, and the other end is formed with an air inlet for communication with the exhaust port. The air inlet is axially located on the side of the heat sink away from the rotor. , when the rotor and the heat sink rotate, the gas in the heat dissipation air channel will be discharged through the exhaust port due to centrifugal force. The gas discharged from the exhaust port is blown to the end of the winding, absorbs heat at the end of the winding, and then circulates in other locations such as the motor. After the heat is released at the casing, it flows to the air inlet of the air inlet. The gas at the air inlet will be supplemented to the inner end of the heat dissipation air duct due to negative pressure, thereby forming a circulating air flow to dissipate heat at the end of the winding. . In this utility model, through the setting of the heat dissipation air duct and the air inlet air duct, the circulating air flow is mainly used to concentrate on dissipating heat at the winding ends, so that the stubborn winding ends in the motor that are relatively high in temperature and difficult to dissipate heat can be treated. Heat dissipation can reduce the winding end temperature and improve the performance of the motor.

Description of the drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a motor in an embodiment of the present utility model;

Figure 2 is a partial enlarged view of point A in Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a heat sink in an embodiment of the present utility model;

Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the heat sink shown in Figure 3 from another perspective;

Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the motor in another embodiment of the present utility model;

Figure 6 is a partial enlarged view of position B in Figure 5.

Explanation of reference symbols:

1-rotor; 2-stator; 21-winding end; 3-shaft; 31-inlet air passage; 301-first connected section; 302-second connected section; 303-third connected section; 304-air inlet port; 305-connection port; 4-heat sink; 41-cooling air duct; 411-exhaust port; 412-first side wall; 42-blade; 43-inner hole; 5-casing; 51-via hole; 52-Cover; 6-First air gap.

Detailed ways

In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

In the figure, the Z axis represents the vertical direction, that is, the up and down position, and the positive direction of the Z axis (that is, the arrow of the Z axis points) represents upward, and the negative direction of the Z axis (that is, the direction opposite to the positive direction of the Z axis) shown below; in the attached figure, the X-axis represents the horizontal direction and is designated as the left and right position, and the positive direction of the X-axis (that is, the arrow of the in the opposite direction) represents the left side; in the figure, the Y axis represents the front and rear position, and the positive direction of the Y axis (that is, the arrow of the Y axis points) represents the front side, and the negative direction of the Y axis (that is, the positive direction of the Y axis) (in the opposite direction) indicates the rear side; at the same time, it should be noted that the aforementioned Z-axis, Y-axis, and It must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be construed as a limitation of the present invention. Specifically, in the figure, the Y-axis direction is consistent with the axial direction of the rotor 1. Unless otherwise specified, the “axial direction” can be understood as the Y-axis direction.

As shown in Figures 1 to 6, an embodiment of the present invention provides a motor, including a rotor 1, a stator 2, a rotating shaft 3 and a heat sink 4; the heat sink 4 and the rotor 1 are both connected to the rotating shaft 3, and the heat sink 4 is located on the rotor. The axial end of 1;

The motor also includes an air inlet duct 31 and a heat dissipation air duct 41. The heat dissipation air duct 41 extends from the center of the heat sink 4 to the peripheral side wall, and an exhaust port of the heat dissipation air duct 41 is formed on the peripheral side wall of the heat sink 4. 411, the exhaust port 411 is provided toward the winding end 21 of the stator 2;

One end of the air inlet duct 31 is connected with the end of the heat dissipation air duct 41 away from the exhaust port 411, and an air inlet 304 is formed at the other end. The air inlet 304 is located on the side of the heat sink 4 away from the rotor 1, and is used to move away from the rotor 1. One side of the rotor 1 is connected to the exhaust port 411 .

It should be noted that FIG. 1 is mainly used to illustrate the relative positions of the rotor 1 , the stator 2 , the heat sink 4 and the rotating shaft 3 , and does not form a structural restriction on other parts of the motor such as the casing 5 .

It should be noted that the air inlet 304 is connected with the exhaust port 411 on the side away from the rotor 1 . It may be connected through the external environment, that is, the gas discharged from the exhaust port 411 may flow out to the external environment of the motor through the through hole 51 and then flow into the air inlet 304 through the external environment. Alternatively, circulation is formed inside the motor without passing through the external environment. For example, a cover 52 is provided. The cover 52 covers the air inlet 304 provided at the through hole 51 and the axial end surface of the rotating shaft 3, or the air inlet described later. The opening 304 is formed on the peripheral side wall of the rotating shaft 3 , and there is no need to provide the through hole 51 at this time.

Specifically, the heat dissipation air passage 41 is at least partially formed on the heat dissipation plate 4, and the heat dissipation air passage 41 is formed with an exhaust port 411 at the radially outer end surface of the heat dissipation plate 4. The winding end 21 generally extends a certain distance beyond the end surface of the stator 2. , taking the end surface of the winding end 21 axially away from the rotor 1 as the calibrated end surface, in the axial direction, the exhaust port 411 is at least partially located on the side of the calibrated end surface close to the rotor 1, and the peripheral side wall of the heat sink 4 is generally There is a certain distance in the radial direction from the winding end 21 , so that the air from the exhaust port 411 can pass through the winding end 21 to dissipate heat from the winding end 21 .

In this way, the heat dissipation air channel 41 extends from the center of the heat dissipation plate 4 to the peripheral side wall, and an exhaust port 411 of the heat dissipation air channel 41 is formed on the peripheral side wall of the heat dissipation plate 4. One end of the air inlet air channel 31 is in contact with the heat dissipation air. One end of the channel 41 away from the exhaust port 411 is connected, and the other end is formed with an air inlet 304 for communicating with the exhaust port 411. The air inlet 304 is axially located on the side of the heat sink 4 away from the rotor 1. When When the rotor 1 and the heat sink 4 rotate, the gas in the heat dissipation air channel 41 will be discharged through the exhaust port 411 due to centrifugal force. The gas discharged from the exhaust port 411 is blown to the winding end 21 and absorbs heat on the winding end 21. After heat is released at other locations, such as the casing 5 , it flows to the air inlet 304 of the air inlet 31 . The gas at the air inlet 304 will be replenished to the inner end of the heat dissipation air duct 41 due to negative pressure, thereby forming a cycle. The air flow dissipates heat to the winding end 21. For example, the circulating air flow path can refer to the path shown in Figure 2. In the present utility model, through the arrangement of the heat dissipation air duct 41 and the air inlet air duct 31, the circulating air flow is mainly used to dissipate heat at the winding end 21, so that the stubborn windings in the motor that are relatively high in temperature and difficult to dissipate heat can be treated. The end portion 21 dissipates heat, which can reduce the temperature of the winding end portion 21 and improve the performance of the motor. In particular, when used in conjunction with other heat dissipation structures of the motor, such as water-cooling structures, the performance of the motor can be improved. Of course, during this process, the gas in the heat dissipation air passage 41 can also dissipate heat to the end of the rotor 1 to a certain extent, which will not be described in detail here.

As shown in Figures 1 and 5, optionally, two heat dissipation plates 4 are respectively provided at both ends of the rotor 1.

Optionally, the motor also includes a casing 5 and a water-cooling structure for cooling the casing 5 . The water-cooling structure at least partially covers the axial middle position of the stator 2 in the water-cooling area of the casing 5 .

Specifically, the water-cooling structure may include a cooling water channel, and the cooling water channel may be formed on the casing 5 or provided outside the casing 5 , and related technologies may be used.

Taking two heat sinks 4 as an example, the position of the casing 5 corresponding to the axial middle position of the stator 2 can be cooled through a water cooling structure, and the winding end 21 of the stator 2 can be cooled through the exhaust from the exhaust port 411 , can improve the overall heat dissipation performance of the motor, thereby improving the battery life of the motor.

Optionally, the intake air passage 31 is provided on the rotating shaft 3 .

That is, the rotating shaft 3 is used to arrange the intake air passage 31 .

In this way, arranging the intake air passage 31 on the rotating shaft 3 is conducive to arranging the position of the intake air passage 31 according to actual needs. For example, the position of the air inlet 304 in the axial direction can be set according to actual needs, thereby facilitating subsequent Gas is replenished through the air inlet 304 (especially the cooled gas); on this basis, no additional external components are needed to meet the layout requirements of the air inlet 31, and the structure is simple and practical.

Of course, in other embodiments, the air inlet duct 31 may be formed on the heat sink 4 , in which case the air inlet 304 is located on the side wall of the heat sink away from the rotor 1 .

As shown in FIG. 2 , optionally, the intake air passage 31 includes a first communication section 301 and a second communication section 302 . The first communication section 301 extends along the axial direction of the rotating shaft 3 , and the second communication section 302 extends from the axial direction of the rotating shaft 3 . The center extends toward the peripheral side wall, one end of the second communication section 302 is connected to the first communication section 301 , and the other end is connected to the heat dissipation air channel 41 .

At this time, as shown in FIG. 2 , the air inlet 304 is formed at the axial end surface of the rotating shaft 3 . Specifically, the other end of the second communication section 302 extends axially to the axial end surface of the rotating shaft 3 and forms the air inlet 304 .

In other ways, as shown in FIG. 6 , the air inlet 304 is formed on the peripheral side wall of the rotating shaft 3 . For example, the air inlet 304 extends in the radial direction and communicates with the first communication section 301 .

Of course, in some ways, the air inlet 304 may also be formed on the axial end surface and the peripheral side wall of the rotating shaft 3 respectively, which is not a limitation.

In this embodiment, at least part of the rotating shaft 3 corresponding to the first communication section 301 is set as a hollow shaft section. The second communication section 302 can extend along the radial direction of the hollow shaft section and penetrate the side wall of the hollow shaft section. It is connected with the heat dissipation air passage 41.

In this way, a first communication section 301 extending in the axial direction is provided on the rotating shaft 3. For example, the rotating shaft 3 is provided as a hollow shaft and communicates with the heat dissipation air passage 41 through the second communication section 302, so as to facilitate the processing of the intake air passage 31. , and facilitates the layout of the air inlet 304. For example, without increasing the length of the rotating shaft 3, the distance from the air inlet 304 to the connection point between the second communication section 302 and the heat dissipation air channel 41 can be increased as much as possible, so that This allows the gas at the winding end 21 to pass through a longer flow path or diffusion path. During this process, the gas fully exchanges heat with, for example, the casing 5 and is cooled. After cooling, the gas flows back through the air inlet 304, which is beneficial to improving the motor's effect on the winding. The heat dissipation strength of the end 21.

As shown in Figure 5, optionally, the rotating shaft 3 is at least partially configured as a hollow shaft, and the hollow hole of the hollow shaft is used to form a first communication section 301; the intake airway 31 also includes a third communication section 303. 303 extends from the center of the rotating shaft 3 to the peripheral side wall. One end of the third communication section 303 is connected with the first communication section 301 , and the other end forms a communication opening 305 . The communication opening 305 is located at the axial middle position of the rotor 1 . It should be understood that this intermediate position may be an area, which will not be described in detail here.

It should be noted that if the incoming air of the heat dissipation air duct 41 needs to be basically all derived from the second communication section 302 of the inlet air duct 31, it is necessary to enhance the circumferential strength of the connection between the heat dissipation air duct 41 and the second communication section 302 as much as possible. Air tightness.

However, it should be understood that, on the one hand, it is difficult to achieve absolute airtightness around the connection between the heat dissipation air channel 41 and the second communication section 302, and the gas discharged from the exhaust port 411 may also escape from the interior of the rotor 1 to a certain extent. The air gap extracts gas. In some cases, such as when heat sinks 4 are installed at both axial ends of the rotor 1, and in extreme cases such as high rotational speed, it may cause negative pressure inside the rotor 1.

In this way, the central area of the radially inner end of the rotor 1 can be supplemented with gas on the side of the heat sink 4 away from the rotor 1, specifically at the air inlet 304, by means of the third communication section 303 and the first communication section 301. The fluidity of gas inside the rotor 1 can be improved.

As shown in Figures 5 and 6, further, due to the structural characteristics and assembly of the rotor 1, a first air gap 6 is formed between the radial inner wall of the rotor 1 and the rotating shaft 3. The first air gap 6 is formed along the rotating shaft 3. axial extension.

For example, the first air gap 6 is a gap formed by the keyway on the rotating shaft 3 and the integral key connection on the rotor 1 . Or it is the gap formed between the windings on the radial inner wall of the rotor 1 and the rotating shaft 3 . At this time, the first air gap 6 is set to communicate with an end of the heat dissipation air passage 41 away from the exhaust port 411 , and the communication port 305 is set to communicate with the first air gap 6 . As shown in FIG. 4 , the inner hole 43 of the heat sink 4 is integrally formed with a key that is connected to the keyway of the rotating shaft 3 .

At this time, the air inlet 304, the first communication section 301, the third communication section 303 and the first air gap 6 can form another smaller air intake branch, thereby assisting in heat dissipation inside the rotor 1 and improving the performance of the motor. The overall heat dissipation performance is improved, and the formation of negative pressure in the central area of the radially inner end of the rotor 1 is avoided.

As shown in Figures 3 and 4, optionally, a plurality of heat dissipation air channels 41 are distributed along the circumferential direction of the heat dissipation plate 4, and the heat dissipation air channels 41 extend spirally from the inside to the outside along the radial direction of the heat dissipation plate 4. The direction in which the channel 41 rotates from the inside out is opposite to the direction in which the heat sink 4 rotates. It should be understood that at this time, the rotation direction of the heat sink 4 is the rotation direction of the heat sink 4 when the motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.

For example, a straight line is drawn through the center of the circle of the heat sink 4 and passes through the inner end of the heat dissipation air channel 41. The intersection point of this straight line with the outer end of the heat dissipation plate 4 is the calibrated intersection point. Along the rotation direction of the heat dissipation plate 4, the same heat dissipation air channel 41 corresponds The exhaust port 411 is located behind the calibrated intersection point.

In this way, the multiple heat dissipation air channels 41 form a centrifugal air channel, which facilitates the use of centrifugal force to realize the outflow of gas in each air channel, reduces the energy loss of stirring the air, and reduces the mechanical loss of the motor. The multiple heat dissipation air channels 41 can improve the efficiency of the air. The heat dissipation effect of the winding end 21.

As shown in Figure 3, a plurality of blades 42 are formed on the end surface of the heat sink 4 facing the rotor 1. The plurality of blades 42 are distributed along the circumferential direction of the heat sink 4 and extend in an arc shape from the inside to the outside along the radial direction of the heat sink 4;

The end surfaces of the blades 42 facing the rotor 1 are in contact with the rotor 1 , and heat dissipation air passages 41 are formed between adjacent blades 42 in the circumferential direction of the heat dissipation plate 4 .

That is to say, a circumferentially closed heat dissipation air passage 41 is formed between the heat dissipation plate 4 and the end surface of the rotor 1 (the circumferential direction can be understood as the direction surrounding the heat dissipation air passage 41). The wind direction concentration at the opening 411 is good and the air volume is large, which can speed up the heat removal from the winding end 21 and improve the heat dissipation effect of the winding end 21 .

Of course, it should be understood that the heat dissipation air passages 41 can be entirely provided on the heat dissipation plate 4. For example, the heat dissipation plate 4 is provided in two parts, and the heat dissipation air passages 41 are provided at the end surfaces of the two parts.

Optionally, in the above embodiment, the plurality of heat dissipation air passages 41 are respectively connected with the intake air passage 31 .

For example, the number of second communication sections 302 is consistent with the number of heat dissipation air passages 41 , and a second communication section 302 is provided between the first communication section 301 and any heat dissipation air passage 41 . At this time, the heat dissipation air passages 41 do not interfere with each other (this scheme is not shown in the figure).

Optionally, in the above embodiment, the plurality of heat dissipation air passages 41 are connected at one end away from the exhaust port 411, and are connected with the intake air passage 31 at the communication point.

As shown in FIG. 3 , for example, each blade 42 is spaced apart from the inner hole 43 of the heat dissipation plate 4 along the inner end of the heat dissipation plate 4, so that the arrangement of the spacing portion enables communication between the heat dissipation air passages 41. At this time, the number of the second communication sections 302 can be reduced to avoid providing a large number of second communication sections 302 that would reduce the structural strength of the rotating shaft 3 at the second communication sections 302 .

Optionally, along the axial direction of the rotating shaft 3 , the heat dissipation air passage 41 has a first side wall 412 away from the rotor 1 , and in the direction close to the exhaust port 411 , the first side wall 412 at the exhaust port 411 is connected to the first side wall 412 of the rotor 1 . The distance gradually increases.

Specifically, the first side wall 412 at the exhaust port 411 forms a guide surface to guide the gas in the heat dissipation air channel 41 to flow along the axial direction of the heat sink 4 away from the rotor 1, so that it can make the exhaust port 411 The exhausted gas can be blown outward at the winding end 21 and diffuse to, for example, the casing 5 for heat exchange.

Optionally, the heat sink 4 is a balance plate of the motor.

That is to say, the heat dissipation plate 4 can play the role of a balancing plate. It should be understood that at this time, the structure of the balance plate for balancing can not interfere with the above-mentioned heat dissipation air passage 41. For example, the heat dissipation air passage 41 can be uniform along the circumferential direction. Distribution, or the heat dissipation air passages 41 can be set to non-uniform distribution according to balance needs, which will not be described in detail here.

In the description of the present utility model, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly stated and limited, the terms "installation", "connection" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection or a removable connection. Detachable connection, or integral connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific situations.

In the description of this specification, reference to the description of the terms "embodiment," "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "exemplarily," "one embodiment," etc. is intended to be described in connection with the embodiment or embodiment. The specific features, structures, materials or characteristics of are included in at least one embodiment or implementation of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or implementation. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or implementations.

The terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and shall not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the quantity of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of these features.

Although the present utility model is disclosed as above, the protection scope of the present utility model is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present utility model, and these changes and modifications will fall within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims (10)

1. The motor is characterized by comprising a rotor (1), a stator (2), a rotating shaft (3) and a heat dissipation disc (4); the heat dissipation disc (4) and the rotor (1) are connected with the rotating shaft (3), and the heat dissipation disc (4) is positioned at one axial end of the rotor (1);

the motor further comprises an air inlet air passage (31) and a heat dissipation air passage (41), wherein the heat dissipation air passage (41) extends from the center of the heat dissipation disc (4) to the peripheral side wall, an exhaust port (411) of the heat dissipation air passage (41) is formed at the peripheral side wall of the heat dissipation disc (4), and the exhaust port (411) is arranged towards the winding end part (21) of the stator (2);

one end of the air inlet air passage (31) is communicated with one end of the heat dissipation air passage (41) away from the exhaust port (411), the other end of the air inlet air passage is provided with an air inlet (304), and the air inlet (304) is positioned on one side of the heat dissipation disc (4) away from the rotor (1) and is used for being communicated with the exhaust port (411) on one side away from the rotor (1).

2. An electric machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the air intake duct (31) is arranged on the rotating shaft (3).

3. The motor according to claim 2, wherein the intake air passage (31) includes a first communication section (301) and a second communication section (302), the first communication section (301) extending in the axial direction of the rotating shaft (3), the second communication section (302) extending from the center of the rotating shaft (3) toward the peripheral side wall, one end of the second communication section (302) communicating with the first communication section (301), the other end communicating with the heat radiation air passage (41);

the air inlet (304) is formed at the axial end face and/or the peripheral side wall of the rotating shaft (3).

4. A motor according to claim 3, wherein the air intake passage (31) further comprises a third communication section (303), the third communication section (303) extending from the center of the rotating shaft (3) to the circumferential side wall, one end of the third communication section (303) being in communication with the first communication section (301), the other end forming a communication port (305), the communication port (305) being located at an axially intermediate position of the rotor (1).

5. The electric machine according to claim 4, characterized in that a first air gap (6) is formed between the radially inner wall of the rotor (1) and the rotating shaft (3), the first air gap (6) extending in the axial direction of the rotating shaft (3), the first air gap (6) being in communication with an end of the heat dissipation air channel (41) remote from the exhaust port (411); the communication port (305) communicates with the first air gap (6).

6. The motor according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a plurality of the heat dissipation air passages (41) are distributed along the circumferential direction of the heat dissipation disc (4), and the heat dissipation air passages (41) extend in a spiral shape from inside to outside in the radial direction of the heat dissipation disc (4), and the direction in which the heat dissipation air passages (41) rotate from inside to outside is opposite to the rotation direction of the heat dissipation disc (4).

7. The motor according to claim 6, wherein the end face of the heat dissipation disc (4) facing the rotor (1) is formed with a plurality of blades (42), and a plurality of the blades (42) are distributed along the circumferential direction of the heat dissipation disc (4) and extend in an arc shape from inside to outside along the radial direction of the heat dissipation disc (4);

the blades (42) are attached to the rotor (1) toward the end face of the rotor (1), and the heat dissipation air passages (41) are formed between adjacent blades (42) in the circumferential direction of the heat dissipation disc (4).

8. The motor according to claim 6, characterized in that a plurality of the heat dissipation air passages (41) are respectively communicated with the air intake air passage (31), or a plurality of the heat dissipation air passages (41) are communicated at one end far from the exhaust port (411) and are communicated with the air intake air passage (31) at the communication position.

9. The motor according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the heat dissipation air passage (41) has a first side wall (412) distant from the rotor (1) in an axial direction, and a distance from the first side wall (412) at the exhaust port (411) to the rotor (1) gradually increases in a direction approaching the exhaust port (411).

10. An electric machine according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the heat-dissipating plate (4) is used to form a balancing plate for the electric machine;

and/or, the two radiating discs (4) are respectively arranged at two ends of the rotor (1);

and/or the motor further comprises a shell (5) and a water cooling structure for cooling the shell (5), wherein the water cooling structure at least partially covers the axial middle position of the stator (2) in a water cooling area of the shell (5).