CN219941985U - Slurry filtering device - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of filtering equipment, in particular to a slurry filtering device, which comprises: each group of filter assemblies comprises a plurality of filter tanks which are sequentially communicated in series through pipelines; a feed tube which is communicated with a feed inlet of a first filter tank in the plurality of filter assemblies; the discharging pipes are communicated with the discharging port of the last filtering tank in the plurality of filtering components; wherein, each filter tank is internally provided with a filter element which is suitable for filtering the slurry flowing in the filter tank. The problems that the filtering efficiency of the filtering device is low, particularly under the condition of high yield and large flow in a mass production line, the filtering tank is easy to be blocked, frequent switching and cleaning are needed, time and labor are wasted, the filtering effect is poor, and the coating quality is affected are solved.

Description

Slurry filtering device

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of filtering equipment, in particular to a slurry filtering device.

Background

Slit extrusion coating, which is a precise wet coating technique, works on the principle that a slurry is extruded and ejected along a slit of a coating die under a certain pressure and flow rate to be transferred onto a substrate. The particles of the slurry are an important factor affecting the coating quality. Because a lot of suspended particles are inevitably existed in the process of batching (mixing), and the coating quality is affected by large particle suspended matters to lead to scribing, abrasion is caused to upper and lower dies, the service life of the die head is affected, and the use cost of the die head is increased. Thus, filtration is an unavoidable process step in the coating industry, where many filtration designs are used for each successive process in the coating front stage. For example, the mixed materials can be filtered through deironing and large particles after being discharged out of the tank body, but suspended particles of slurry can not be completely filtered in a solvent, and the slurry is usually filtered through a filtering device, however, the filtering device is easy to block after being used for a period of time, and the slurry needs to be coated and cleaned, so that the working efficiency is affected.

The existing filtering device is usually connected with a plurality of filtering tanks in parallel, a single filtering tank usually works in the working process, when the filtering tank needs to be cleaned, the filtering device can stop cleaning and work by adopting another filtering tank, however, the filtering device has low filtering efficiency in the process, especially under the condition of high yield and large flow in the mass production line, the filtering tank is easy to be blocked, frequent switching cleaning is needed, time and labor are wasted, the filtering effect is poor, and the coating quality is affected.

Disclosure of Invention

The utility model provides a slurry filtering device, which solves the technical problems that the filtering efficiency of the filtering device is low, particularly under the condition of higher yield and higher flow in a mass production line, a filtering tank is easy to be blocked, frequent switching and cleaning are needed, time and labor are wasted, the filtering effect is poor, and the coating quality is influenced.

In view of this, the present utility model provides a slurry filtering apparatus comprising:

each group of filter assemblies comprises a plurality of filter tanks which are sequentially connected in series through pipelines;

a feed tube which is communicated with a feed inlet of a first filtering tank in the plurality of filtering assemblies;

the discharging pipes are communicated with the discharging holes of the last filtering tank in the filtering assemblies;

and each filtering tank is internally provided with a filter element, and is suitable for filtering slurry flowing in the filtering tank.

Optionally, the plurality of filter tanks comprise a first filter tank and a second filter tank which are alternately arranged in turn; the discharge port of the first filtering tank is arranged at the top of the first filtering tank, and the feed port is arranged at the bottom of the first filtering tank; the discharge gate setting of second filtration jar is in the bottom of second filtration jar, the feed inlet setting is in the top of second filtration jar.

Optionally, the filter element comprises a framework and a filter screen, wherein the filter screen is composed of a plurality of filter strips which are encircling the framework at intervals.

Optionally, the mesh number of the filter screens in the plurality of filter tanks is sequentially increased from the first to the last;

and/or the section of the filter strip is wedge-shaped, and one end of the filter strip with small width is arranged towards the flowing direction of the slurry;

and/or, the framework and the filter screen are integrally formed.

Optionally, the number of filter assemblies is two; the feed pipe is communicated with the feed inlet of the first filtering tank in the two groups of filtering components through a first three-way ball valve; the discharging pipe is communicated with the discharging port of the last filtering tank in the two groups of filtering components through a second three-way ball valve.

Optionally, each set of the filter assemblies comprises three filter canisters.

Optionally, a pressure gauge is arranged on the discharging pipe.

Optionally, a discharge pipe is arranged at the bottom of each filtering tank, and a discharge ball valve is arranged on the discharge pipe;

and/or the top of the filtering tank is provided with an evacuating assembly communicated with the inner cavity of the filtering tank, and the evacuating assembly is suitable for exhausting air in the filtering tank;

and/or, the filter tank comprises a tank body and a top cover, and the top cover is detachably connected with the tank body through a fastening bolt.

Optionally, the filter device further comprises a moving assembly, wherein a plurality of groups of filter assemblies are fixedly arranged on the moving assembly.

Optionally, the moving assembly comprises a frame for fixing a plurality of groups of the filtering assemblies, and a plurality of universal wheels for moving and a plurality of ground feet for fixing and supporting are arranged at the bottom of the frame.

The technical scheme of the utility model has the following advantages:

in the utility model, in the use process, slurry enters from the feed pipe and is filtered through one group of filter assemblies, the rest of filter assemblies are standby filter assemblies, in one group of filter assemblies, the feed inlet of the first filter tank is communicated with the feed pipe for feeding, the discharge outlet of the last filter tank is communicated with the discharge pipe, when the slurry passes through the single group of filter assemblies, the slurry can sequentially pass through each filter tank and is filtered through the filter element in the filter tank, the filtering effect is improved through multiple times of filtering, the quality of the filtered slurry is further improved, and compared with the filtering of the single filter tank, the filter assemblies adopting a plurality of filter tanks are not easy to block in a short time, the cleaning frequency is reduced, frequent replacement is not needed, the working time of the single group of filter assemblies is prolonged, the time and the labor are saved, the production efficiency is improved, if the currently used filter assemblies need to be cleaned or detected, the succession of the rest of filter assemblies can be switched, and the succession of working procedures and the filtering efficiency are ensured.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the present utility model, and other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.

FIG. 1 is an overall schematic diagram of a slurry filtration device according to the present utility model;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a cartridge provided by the present utility model;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of FIG. 2 at A;

reference numerals illustrate:

1. a pipeline; 2. a feed pipe; 3. a discharge pipe; 4. a first filter tank; 5. a second filter tank; 6. a skeleton; 7. filtering strips; 8. a first three-way ball valve; 9. a second three-way ball valve; 10. a pressure gauge; 11. a discharge pipe; 12. a tank body; 13. a top cover; 14. a fastening bolt; 15. a frame; 16. a universal wheel; 17. a foot margin; 18. and evacuating the assembly.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present utility model will be made apparent and fully in view of the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments of the utility model are shown. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the utility model without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the utility model.

In the description of the present utility model, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present utility model. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

In the description of the present utility model, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present utility model can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.

In addition, the technical features of the different embodiments of the present utility model described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not collide with each other.

Example 1

Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the present embodiment provides a slurry filtering device, including: each filter assembly comprises a plurality of filter tanks which are communicated in series through a pipeline 1; a feed pipe 2 which is communicated with a feed inlet of a first filter tank in the plurality of filter assemblies; the discharging pipes 3 are communicated with the discharging port of the last filtering tank in the plurality of filtering components; wherein, each filter tank is internally provided with a filter element which is suitable for filtering the slurry flowing in the filter tank.

The discharge port of the previous filtration tank is communicated with the feed port of the next adjacent filtration tank through a pipeline 1, and therefore, a plurality of filtration tanks are communicated in series in sequence.

In this embodiment, in the use, thick liquids get into by inlet pipe 2, filter through a set of filter unit wherein, other filter units are reserve filter unit, in a set of filter unit, the feed inlet and the inlet pipe 2 intercommunication of first filter tank are used for the feeding, the discharge gate and the discharging pipe 3 intercommunication of last filter tank, when thick liquids pass through single filter unit, can loop through each filter tank and filter through the filter core in the filter tank, through carrying out many times filtration, the filter effect has been improved, and then the thick liquids quality after the filtration has been improved, and filter in single filter tank, the filter unit who adopts a plurality of filter tanks is difficult to block up in the short time, reduce the washing frequency, need not to carry out frequent change, the operating length of single filter unit has been improved, labour saving and time saving, improve production efficiency, a set of filter unit in other reserve filter units can be switched and take over the work, guarantee the continuity of process and filtration efficiency if the filter unit that uses at present need to wash or examine time.

Example 2

As a further improvement to embodiment 1, the plurality of filter tanks each include a first filter tank 4, the discharge port of the first filter tank 4 is provided at the top of the first filter tank 4, and the feed port is provided at the bottom of the first filter tank 4.

In this embodiment, the structures of the first filter tanks 4 are the same, and the slurry flows through the first filter tanks 4 in a mode of lower inlet and upper outlet, so that the arrangement is convenient.

As an alternative embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the plurality of filter tanks may include a first filter tank 4 and a second filter tank 5 alternately arranged in sequence; the discharge port of the first filter tank 4 is arranged at the top of the first filter tank 4, and the feed port is arranged at the bottom of the first filter tank 4; the discharge gate setting of second filtration jar 5 is in the bottom of second filtration jar 5, and the feed inlet setting is at the top of second filtration jar 5. The discharge gate and the discharge gate of first filtration jar 4 and the feed inlet and the discharge gate of second filtration jar 5 are crisscross the setting in vertical direction, the discharge gate of first filtration jar 4 and the feed inlet of second filtration jar 5 correspond (i.e. are located same one side) at same height, the feed inlet of first filtration jar 4 and the discharge gate of second filtration jar 5 correspond (i.e. are located same one side) at same height, when establishing ties, adjacent first filtration jar 4 and second filtration jar 5 accessible simple pipeline 1 carry out series connection intercommunication, compare in the connected form of a plurality of first filtration jar 4 carrying out series connection intercommunication, and a structure is simple, and the connection of being convenient for.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the pipeline 1 comprises a stainless steel pipeline and elbows connected to two ends of the stainless steel pipeline, so that adjacent filter tanks can be conveniently connected.

Specifically, the filter element and the filter tank are welded in a full-welded manner. Avoiding the filter element from being unwelded so as to improve the bearing strength.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, a plurality of filter canisters are arranged horizontally side by side, and each filter canister is arranged vertically. The plurality of filtering tanks are convenient to be connected in series and communicated.

Specifically, the multiunit filter element sets up in parallel, and inlet pipe 2 is equipped with total import and a plurality of reposition of redundant personnel import that correspond with multiunit filter element, and discharging pipe 3 is equipped with total export and a plurality of reposition of redundant personnel export that correspond with multiunit filter element.

On the basis of the above embodiment, in a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 2 to 3, the filter cartridge includes a frame 6 and a filter screen composed of a plurality of filter rods 7 wound around the frame 6 at intervals.

In this embodiment, the slurry is filtered through the filter screen, the filter screen is composed of a plurality of filter strips 7, the slurry is filtered through gaps formed by the filter strips 7, and the slurry passes through.

On the basis of the above embodiment, in a preferred embodiment, the mesh number of the filter screens in the plurality of filter tanks increases sequentially from the first to the last.

In this embodiment, through the mesh number of increasing the filter screen step by step (i.e. the distance between the filter strips 7 is smaller and smaller), can filter the granule of different diameters step by step, improve the filter effect, filter the big granule of different thick liquids through the filter core of different specifications and reach good coating effect, improve the homogeneity of coating surface density, and can avoid the granule of different diameters to block up on same filtration jar, multistage filtration can reduce the pressure of every filtration jar, filter step by step, reduce the filter core and block up, avoid influencing the filter effect, reduce the frequency of wasing.

In addition to the above embodiment, in a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 2 to 3, the cross section of the filter rod 7 is wedge-shaped, and the end of the filter rod 7 having a smaller width is disposed toward the slurry flow direction.

The cross-sectional shape of the filter rod 7 gradually narrows from one end to the other end; the filter element is cylindrical, and the slurry is filtered by a filter screen positioned on the periphery side when flowing in the filter tank.

In this embodiment, when the thick liquids flow through the filter screen for the small one end of filter strip 7 width is to the flow direction, and the one end that the width is big deviates from the flow direction, with thick liquids phase, bears the pressure of the flow and the impurity granule of thick liquids, can bear bigger thick liquids flow pressure and impurity granule's pressure through the big one end of filter strip 7 width, can prevent effectively that the filter core from warping, improves the life of filter core.

Specifically, the filter core sets up at the top in the filter tank, and the thick liquids are down to advance and go out when passing through first filter tank 4, flow by the outside of filter core towards inboard, then the wide inside-out of filter strip 7 in the filter core for the big one end of filter strip 7 width is outwards in order to improve the bearing capacity, and the thick liquids are last to advance and go out when passing through second filter tank 5, flow by the inboard of filter core towards the outside promptly, then the wide inside-out of filter strip 7 in the filter core, make the big one end of filter strip 7 width inwards in order to improve the bearing capacity, improve the life of filter core.

In a preferred embodiment, the frame 6 is integrally formed with the screen as shown in fig. 2 to 3, based on the above embodiment.

In this embodiment, skeleton 6 and filter screen integrated into one piece improve structural strength, avoid bearing the flow of thick liquids and impurity particle's pressure and warp in the filtration, improve the life of filter core.

Based on the above embodiments, in a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the number of filter assemblies is two; the feed pipe 2 is communicated with a feed inlet of a first filter tank in the two groups of filter assemblies through a first three-way ball valve 8; the discharging pipe 3 is communicated with the discharging hole of the last filtering tank in the two groups of filtering components through a second three-way ball valve 9.

In this embodiment, connect through first tee bend ball valve 8 and second tee bend ball valve 9, be convenient for switch the filter equipment of different groups and filter the work, wherein a set of filter equipment filters, another set of filter equipment is reserve, when need wash or filter the filter equipment in the work, then switch to reserve filter equipment and carry out work, adjust first tee bend ball valve 8 and second tee bend ball valve 9 and make the thick liquids circulation filter to reserve filter equipment, wash the filter equipment that stops working.

On the basis of the above embodiments, in a preferred embodiment, each set of filter assemblies comprises three filter canisters, as shown in fig. 1.

In this embodiment, filter through three filtration jar, can satisfy the filtration demand, reach the filter effect, avoid too much increase cost again, be suitable for actual production demand.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the number of the filter assemblies is two, the number of the filter tanks is three, the mesh number of the filter screens in the three filter tanks is sequentially increased, the three filter tanks comprise two first filter tanks 4 and a second filter tank 5 arranged between the two first filter tanks 4, the feed pipe 2 is communicated with the feed inlet of the first filter tank in the two groups of filter assemblies through a first three-way ball valve 8, and the discharge pipe 3 is communicated with the discharge outlet of the last filter tank in the two groups of filter assemblies through a second three-way ball valve 9. Through the direction of opening and closing of the first three-way ball valve 8 and the second three-way ball valve 9, in operation, slurry flows through one group of filter assemblies, flows out after being filtered from bottom to top by the first filter tank 4, flows out through the second filter tank 5 from top to bottom after passing through a pipeline, flows out through the discharging pipe 3 after being filtered from bottom to top by the last first filter tank 4, finishes filtering, and is switched to another group of filter assemblies when cleaning is needed.

In a preferred embodiment, based on the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, a pressure gauge 10 is provided on the tapping pipe 3.

In this embodiment, can judge the jam condition of filter component through detecting the pressure of discharging pipe 3, when the pressure value reached preset threshold value, then need wash the filtration jar, avoid the filter core to stop up and cause the too big filter core that leads to of pressure to weld, even the pipe that bursts.

On the basis of the above embodiment, in a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, a discharge pipe 11 is provided at the bottom of each filter tank, and a discharge ball valve is provided on the discharge pipe 11.

The discharge pipe 11 is communicated with the bottom of the inner cavity of the filter tank.

In this embodiment, the residual slurry may be drained from the evacuation tube while the filter canister is being cleaned.

On the basis of the above embodiment, in a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the top of the filter tank is provided with an evacuation assembly 18 communicating with the inner cavity of the filter tank, adapted to evacuate the air in the filter tank.

In this embodiment, the slurry is introduced into the filter tank to generate bubbles, and the air bubbles and air in the filter tank can be discharged through the emptying assembly 18, so that the bubbles generated during discharging are avoided, and the coating quality is prevented from being affected.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the evacuation assembly 18 is an exhaust pipe, and a valve is disposed on the exhaust pipe. After the air is exhausted, the valve can be closed to prevent the air bubbles from flowing back.

On the basis of the above embodiment, in a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the filter tank includes a tank body 12 and a top cover 13, and the top cover 13 is detachably connected to the tank body 12 by fastening bolts 14.

In this embodiment, the filter tank is divided into a tank body 12 and a top cover 13 which are detachably connected, so that the filter element is cleaned conveniently, and meanwhile, the filter tank is connected through a fastening bolt 14, so that the connection strength is improved, and the bearing capacity is improved.

Specifically, the filter core sets up in the bottom of top cap, is convenient for wash when dismantling.

On the basis of the above embodiment, in a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the filter assembly further comprises a moving assembly, and the plurality of groups of filter assemblies are fixedly arranged on the moving assembly.

In this embodiment, the filter assembly is moved conveniently by the moving assembly, and the mobility is improved.

On the basis of the above embodiment, in a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the moving assembly includes a frame 15 for fixing the plurality of sets of filter assemblies, and a plurality of universal wheels 16 for moving and a plurality of ground feet 17 for fixing support are provided at the bottom of the frame 15.

In this embodiment, the installation of the filter tank is facilitated through the frame 15, the filter assembly is movable through the universal wheels 16, the maneuverability is improved, and meanwhile, the frame 15 can be conveniently and fixedly supported on the ground through the ground feet 17, so that the filter tank is convenient to work and use.

The concrete working principle of the slurry filtering device provided by the embodiment is as follows: taking two groups of filter components as examples, firstly, a feed pipe 2 is communicated with a feed inlet of a first filter tank in the two groups of filter components through a first three-way ball valve 8, a discharge pipe 3 is communicated with a discharge outlet of a last filter tank in the two groups of filter components through a second three-way ball valve 9, in the use process, the first three-way ball valve 8 and the second three-way ball valve 9 are adjusted to enable slurry to enter the feed pipe 2 to pass through one group of filter components for filtering, the other group of filter components are reserved, the slurry sequentially passes through a plurality of filter tanks in the filter components for filtering, and the filter components are sequentially filtered step by step through filter cores with different filter mesh numbers, so that the filtering effect is improved, the quality of the filtered slurry is further improved, compared with that of the single filter tank, the step by step filtration is not easy to block in a short time, the cleaning frequency is reduced, frequent replacement cleaning is not needed, the working time and labor are prolonged, the production efficiency is improved, when the pressure value of the discharge pipe 3 is detected to judge that the cleaning is needed, the filter components of the other group can be switched to take over for working, the filter components are blocked up, and the continuity of cleaning and the filtering efficiency are guaranteed; in addition, through filter core and filtration jar full-weld welding, skeleton 6 and filter screen integrated into one piece and the small one end of width of straining strip 7 set up towards the direction of thick liquids flow the structure has improved the bearing capacity of filter core, be difficult for deformation damage or unwelded, improved life, and be convenient for remove the filter component and carry out fixed work to the filter component through moving the subassembly, the mobility is strong, simultaneously through detachably connected jar body 12 and top cap 13, the row material pipe 11 and the row material ball valve of cooperation filtration jar bottom are convenient for wash the filtration jar. The problems that the filtering efficiency of the filtering device is low, particularly under the condition of high yield and large flow in a mass production line, the filtering tank is easy to be blocked, frequent switching and cleaning are needed, time and labor are wasted, the filtering effect is poor, and the coating quality is affected are solved.

It is apparent that the above examples are given by way of illustration only and are not limiting of the embodiments. Other variations or modifications of the above teachings will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. It is not necessary here nor is it exhaustive of all embodiments. While still being apparent from variations or modifications that may be made by those skilled in the art are within the scope of the utility model.

Claims (10)

1. A slurry filtration device, comprising:

each group of filter assemblies comprises a plurality of filter tanks which are communicated in series through pipelines (1);

a feed pipe (2) which is communicated with the feed inlet of the first filtering tank in the plurality of filtering assemblies;

the discharging pipes (3) are communicated with the discharging holes of the last filtering tank in the filtering assemblies;

and each filtering tank is internally provided with a filter element, and is suitable for filtering slurry flowing in the filtering tank.

2. Slurry filtering device according to claim 1, characterized in that a plurality of said filter tanks comprises a first filter tank (4) and a second filter tank (5) arranged alternately in succession; the discharge port of the first filtering tank (4) is arranged at the top of the first filtering tank (4), and the feed port is arranged at the bottom of the first filtering tank (4); the discharge port of the second filtering tank (5) is arranged at the bottom of the second filtering tank (5), and the feed inlet is arranged at the top of the second filtering tank (5).

3. A slurry filtration device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the filter cartridge comprises a skeleton (6) and a screen consisting of a plurality of filter strips (7) encircling the skeleton (6) at intervals.

4. A slurry filtration device according to claim 3, wherein the mesh number of the filter screens in a plurality of said filter tanks increases in sequence from the first to the last;

and/or the section of the filter strip (7) is wedge-shaped, and one end of the filter strip (7) with small width is arranged towards the slurry flowing direction;

and/or the framework (6) and the filter screen are integrally formed.

5. The slurry filtration device of claim 1, 2 or 4, wherein the number of filter assemblies is two; the feed pipe (2) is communicated with the feed inlet of the first filtering tank in the two groups of filtering components through a first three-way ball valve (8); the discharging pipe (3) is communicated with the discharging port of the last filtering tank in the two groups of filtering components through a second three-way ball valve (9).

6. The slurry filtration device of claim 1, 2 or 4, wherein each set of the filter assemblies comprises three filter canisters.

7. Slurry filtering device according to claim 1, 2 or 4, characterized in that the tapping pipe (3) is provided with a pressure gauge (10).

8. The slurry filtering device according to claim 1, 2 or 4, wherein a discharge pipe (11) is arranged at the bottom of each filtering tank, and a discharge ball valve is arranged on the discharge pipe (11);

and/or, an evacuating assembly (18) communicated with the inner cavity of the filter tank is arranged at the top of the filter tank and is suitable for exhausting air in the filter tank;

and/or, the filter tank comprises a tank body (12) and a top cover (13), and the top cover (13) is detachably connected with the tank body (12) through a fastening bolt (14).

9. The slurry filtering device of claim 1, 2 or 4, further comprising a moving assembly, wherein a plurality of sets of the filter assemblies are fixedly disposed on the moving assembly.

10. Slurry filtering device according to claim 9, characterized in that the moving assembly comprises a frame (15) for fixing groups of the filtering assemblies, the bottom of the frame (15) being provided with a plurality of universal wheels (16) for moving and a plurality of feet (17) for fixing support.