CN219895703U - Continuous zooming optometry optical system and portable subjective optometry instrument - Google Patents
Continuous zooming optometry optical system and portable subjective optometry instrument Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a continuous zooming optometry optical system, which comprises spherical negative thin lenses L with common optical axes arranged in sequence 1 Spherical positive thin lens L 2 And spherical negative thin lens L 3 The spherical negative thin lens L 1 The spherical negative thin lens L is arranged along the optical axis in a moving way 3 Is positioned at the optical center of the spherical positive thin lens L 2 At the image space focus of the spherical negative thin lens L 1 Is of the optical power ofThe spherical surface is positive and thinMirror L 2 Is of the optical power ofThe spherical negative thin lens L 3 Is of the optical power of The following relationship is satisfiedThe utility model also discloses a portable subjective refraction instrument comprising the continuous-zoom refraction optical system. The utility model can accurately simulate the optometry process of the inserting sheet optometry, has quick optometry process and accurate optometry result, and can greatly shorten optometry and optometry time.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to an optometry optical system and an optometry instrument, in particular to a portable continuous optical zoom subjective optometry instrument.
Background
Ametropia (myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, presbyopia, refractive error) of the eye is a common ophthalmic disorder, and is commonly characterized by decreased vision and blurred vision of the patient, affecting daily life, work and study. The best currently accepted method for correcting refractive errors of the eye is to wear framed spectacles. For this purpose, a special instrument refractometer must be used to examine an eye suffering from ametropia, determine the nature and extent of the ametropia, and guide the prescription with its examination results.
The subjective optometry instrument is based on subjective optometry, and utilizes a series of corrective lenses to test and match a prescription which is clearly, accurately, comfortably and permanently seen by a tested person according to subjective feelings of vision progress of the tested person.
The common subjective optometry instrument mainly comprises an inserting piece optometry device and a comprehensive optometry instrument, wherein the inserting piece optometry device mainly comprises an optometry lens box and an optometry table. During optometry, the eye chart is placed five meters away in front of the eye to be tested, the pupil of the eye to be tested keeps a natural state (does not mydriasis), and the test glasses frame is worn. The trial lens is inserted into a trial frame which ensures that the eye distance between the trial lens and the apex of the cornea of the eye to be measured is equal to the eye distance recognized for wearing frame spectacles. The addition and subtraction test lens is used for determining the most suitable lens according to the progress of the eyesight of the tested person when the tested person observes the visual acuity chart. The optometry method has the advantages of simple equipment, convenient operation, accurate and reliable inspection result, and irreplaceability, and is also an indispensable final lens matching link after all other optometry instruments obtain the result. The defects are that manual film changing is complicated in the optometry process, an experienced optometrist needs to operate, optometry is time-consuming, and efficiency is low.
The comprehensive optometry instrument is an ophthalmic instrument integrating ametropia examination and visual function examination, and almost all the test lenses are assembled into a runner system, and only the runner of the runner system is required to be rotated for selecting the test lenses, so that the comprehensive optometry instrument is convenient and quick. However, the accuracy of refraction is susceptible to many aspects: the instrument has large volume, and can lead the tested person to generate proximity adjustment; the eye distance of the tested eye is difficult to keep unchanged when in optometry due to the limitation of instrument shape facilities; the fine adjustment of astigmatism degree and axial operation by using the crossed cylindrical lens is tedious and time-consuming, and the optometrist and the testee are required to repeatedly conduct pointing question-answering communication, so that the optometry speed is reduced, and the accuracy is lowered. Therefore, the detection result still needs to be checked and adjusted through the insert refraction, and the final result of the insert refraction is used as a prescription. In addition, the utility model has the defects of high instrument price, complex structure, inconvenient movement, operation by experienced optometrists, and the like.
In addition, the Chinese patent application No. 201310207478.7 discloses a subjective optometry instrument and an optometry method, wherein a tester obtains the sphere and cylinder of the eye to be tested by observing the clarity of the marker. The Chinese patent application No. 201610094759.X discloses a subjective refraction device and a subjective refraction method for solving the problem that the accuracy of refraction results is not high due to the fact that clear and fuzzy judgment is not accurate enough when eyes observe a sighting mark in the refraction process of the refraction instrument. The two optotypes are actually improved to a certain extent on the optotype plate of the single optotype BaDa optotype consisting of a single optotype lens and a movable optotype plate, and the function and the reference object for measuring astigmatism are added, but because the improvement can not change the objectivity of the depth of field (focal depth) of the optotype lens, the adjustment generated by a tested person can not be effectively controlled, namely, the near position of the known optotype of the tested person can be almost always adjusted, and the light vergence from the optotype plate is changed due to the change of the position of the optotype plate, and the adjustment stimulus to the tested eye is also changed, so that the measurement accuracy can not be improved.
Ji Minsheng and Dai Zhixia the design principle and clinical application of an optometry device, university of science and technology (medical edition), 1978 a subjective optometry device is described, the spherical optical system of which is a simple galilean telescope, and the synthetic focal length (diopter) of the whole spherical optical system is changed by changing the position of the objective lens of the telescope, and the subjective optometry device is simple and compact in structure and convenient to carry. However, when the position of the objective lens is changed, not only the focal length (focal power) is changed, but also the positions of the principal point of the object side and the principal point of the image side of the synthesizing system are changed, so that the synthesizing system cannot be equivalent to a thin lens, and cannot keep the principal point of the synthesizing system and the vertex of the cornea of the eye to be measured at a recognized lens distance required by lens matching, and the basic condition of lens matching is not met, and therefore, the error of the measurement result is large.
In summary, the measurement results of the existing subjective refractors except the insert refraction device can only provide initial data for the prescription, and the final adjustment results of the insert refraction must be used as the prescription.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the utility model provides a continuous zooming optometry optical system and a portable subjective optometry instrument, which solve the problems that the conventional subjective optometry instrument is not quick in accurate and quick in measurement, and a single optometry instrument is difficult to obtain an optometry measurement result quickly and accurately.
The technical scheme of the utility model is as follows: a continuous zooming optometry optical system comprises spherical negative thin lenses L with common optical axis arranged in sequence 1 Spherical positive thin lens L 2 And spherical negative thin lens L 3 The spherical negative thin lens L 1 The spherical negative thin lens L is arranged along the optical axis in a moving way 3 Is positioned at the optical center of the spherical positive thin lens L 2 At the image space focus of the spherical negative thin lens L 1 Is of the optical power ofThe spherical positive thin lens L 2 Optical power of (2)Is->The spherical negative thin lens L 3 Is of the optical power ofThe following relationship is satisfied
Further, the spherical positive thin lens L 2 Is of the optical power ofIn the range of +3D to +25D.
Further, the spherical negative thin lens L 3 Is of the optical power ofThe range of (2) is-25D to-3D.
Further, the spherical negative thin lens L 1 Is a single optical lens or a combination of a plurality of optical lenses, the spherical positive thin lens L 2 Is a single optical lens or a combination of a plurality of optical lenses, the spherical negative thin lens L 3 Is a single optical lens or a combination of a plurality of optical lenses.
Further, in order to meet the requirement of astigmatism detection, the spherical negative thin lens L 3 Back to the spherical positive thin lens L 2 A rotatable negative cylindrical thin lens L with the same number is arranged on one side of the lens 4 And a negative cylindrical thin lens L 5 The negative cylindrical thin lens L 4 And a negative cylindrical thin lens L 5 Is coaxial with the optical axis, the negative cylindrical thin lens L 4 And a negative cylindrical thin lens L 5 Is positioned on the optical axis, the negative cylindrical thin lens L 4 And a negative cylindrical thin lens L 5 Is perpendicular to the optical axis.
Further, the negative cylindrical thin lens L 4 And a negative cylindrical thin lens L 5 The optical powers of (a) are all-3D columns.
The portable subjective refractometer comprises the continuous zooming optometry optical system, a zooming adjusting device, an optical power display device and an eye-receiving device, wherein the zooming adjusting device is used for driving the spherical negative thin lens L 1 Moving along the optical axis, the focal power display device is used for displaying the lens L according to the spherical negative thin lens 1 Displaying the integral focal power of the continuous-zoom refraction optical system at the position of the optical axis, wherein the eye-receiving device is used for keeping the tested eye and the spherical negative thin lens L 3 Is a distance of (3).
Further, the lens comprises an optometry body, and the spherical positive thin lens L 2 And the spherical negative thin lens L 3 Fixedly arranged on the optometry body, the spherical negative thin lens L 3 The lens is positioned at the tail end of the optometry body, the optometry body is provided with a movable lens frame, and the spherical negative thin lens L 1 The zoom adjusting device is arranged on the refractor body and used for driving the movable lens frame to move along the refractor body so as to enable the spherical negative thin lens L to move 1 Along the optical axis removes, focal power display device includes focal power pointer and focal power indicator, the focal power pointer with the focal power indicator connect respectively in remove the picture frame with the refractometer body, change when removing the picture frame the focal power pointer is in the position on the focal power indicator, the eye-splice set up in the end of refractometer body.
The portable subjective refraction instrument comprises the continuous zooming refraction optical system, a zooming adjusting device, an optical power display device, an astigmatism adjusting device, an astigmatism display device and an eye receiving device, wherein the zooming adjusting device is used for driving the spherical negative thin lens L 1 Moving along the optical axis, the focal power display device is used for displaying the lens L according to the spherical negative thin lens 1 Displaying the whole focal power of the continuous-zoom refraction optical system at the position of the optical axis, wherein the astigmatism adjusting device is used for driving the negative cylindrical thin lens L 4 And a negative cylindrical thin lens L 5 Rotated to change the negative cylindrical thin lens L 4 And a negative cylindrical thin lens L 5 Is included in the lens axis and/or the negative cylindrical thin lens L 4 And a negative cylindrical thin lens L 5 The astigmatic display device is used for controlling the angle of the lens axis included angle bisector in the circumferential direction of the optical axis according to the negative cylindrical thin lens L 4 And a negative cylindrical thin lens L 5 Is arranged to display the astigmatism and is based on the negative cylindrical thin lens L 4 And a negative cylindrical thin lens L 5 The angle of the lens axis included angle bisector in the circumferential direction of the optical axis shows the astigmatic angle, and the eye-receiving device is used for keeping the tested eye and the spherical negative thin lens L 3 Is a distance of (3).
Further, the lens comprises an optometry body, and the spherical positive thin lens L 2 The fixed setting in the refractor body, the refractor body is equipped with the removal picture frame, the thin lens L of sphere negative 1 The zoom adjusting device is arranged on the refractor body and used for driving the movable lens frame to move along the refractor body so as to enable the spherical negative thin lens L to move 1 Along the optical axis removes, focal power display device includes focal power pointer and focal power indicator, the focal power pointer with the focal power indicator connect respectively in remove the picture frame with the refractometer body, change when removing the picture frame the focal power pointer is in the position on the focal power indicator, astigmatism adjusting device includes sleeve and coaxial reverse mechanism, the sleeve rotate set up in the end of refractometer body, telescopic rotation axis with the optical axis is coaxial, spherical negative thin lens L 3 The negative cylindrical thin lens L 4 And the negative cylindrical thin lens L 5 Set up in the sleeve, coaxial reverse mechanism sets up on the sleeve, astigmatism display device includes angle pointer, angle indicator, astigmatism degree pointer and astigmatism degree indicator, angle pointer with the angle indicator connect respectively in the sleeve with the refractometer body, the sleeve changes when rotating the angle pointer is in the position on the angle indicator, coaxial reverse mechanism drives negative cylinder thin lens L 4 And the negative cylindrical thin lens L 5 The eye-engaging device is arranged at the tail end of the sleeve, and the eye-engaging device rotates reversely at the same speed and simultaneously drives and changes the position of the astigmatism indicator on the astigmatism indicator.
Further, the device comprises a presbyopic optotype which is arranged on the spherical positive thin lens L 2 Toward the spherical negative thin lens L 1 30-50 cm in front of one side of the frame.
The technical scheme provided by the utility model has the advantages that:
the continuous optical zoom system of the utility model can accurately simulate the optometry process of the insert optometry, and consists of a spherical negative thin lens L 1 Is a negative cylindrical thin lens L 4 And a negative cylindrical thin lens L 5 The rotation of the lens is used for replacing the trial lens with a certain magnitude interval used by the insert optometry and the comprehensive optometry instrument, manual or mechanical lens replacement and complicated and time-consuming operation of fine adjustment of astigmatism degree and astigmatism axis by using crossed cylindrical lenses are not needed during optometry, and a computer optometry instrument is not needed to be configured for use.
The portable subjective refractometer adopting the continuous optical zoom system has the quick continuous optical zoom capability and the accuracy of synchronous indication, can quickly and accurately check the ametropia, and can also quickly and conveniently detect the presbyopia ametropia by configuring the presbyopia sighting mark. The continuous zooming ensures that the measurement result can not generate the phenomenon of over-correction or under-correction of the refractive error caused by that the inserting piece optometry and the comprehensive optometry instrument have a certain magnitude and interval focal power, thereby realizing the rapid and accurate optometry of a single optometry instrument, improving the working efficiency and the working quality of optometry and meeting the requirements of various hospitals and optometry units for rapid and accurate optometry.
The portable subjective optometry instrument can be realized by adopting three optical lens sheets and a simple mechanical device, does not need a power supply or other facilities, has low price, small volume, light weight, convenient carrying and simple operation, and can rapidly and accurately perform optometry work at any time in general places and even outdoors (5 meters of distant objects are observed at the moment). The device is matched with the optometry lens box, so that optometry lens matching work can be rapidly and accurately carried out in a common optometry room, and equipment and cost of optometry lens matching can be greatly reduced. The portable subjective optometry instrument is operated by the tested personnel autonomously, and an optometrist only needs to properly guide and take charge of checking and adjusting work of the final link of the matched lens, has low professional requirements on the optometrist, and can meet the requirements of vision inspection, vision screening and vision monitoring of various groups.
When the portable subjective optometry instrument is used, the eye chart or other objects at a distance of 5 meters can be observed as the insert type optometry instrument, the visual chart or other objects are direct and natural and are easy to accept by testees, especially children and teenagers, and the risk of optical hazard possibly existing in other automatic optometry instruments does not exist.
The portable subjective optometry instrument can conveniently carry out the fog vision method optometry, and overcomes the defects that the fog vision effect is influenced due to the fact that the focal power of the fog vision lens of the fog vision method of the lens is greatly increased and the comprehensive optometry instrument repeatedly adjusts the focal power rotating wheel of the ball lens.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a continuous-variable-refraction optical system of embodiment 1.
Fig. 2 is an optical principle schematic diagram of the continuous-zoom optometry system of embodiment 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a portable subjective refractor based on the continuous-zoom optometry optical system of embodiment 1.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the continuous-variable-refraction optical system of embodiment 2.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a portable subjective refractor based on the continuous-zoom optometry optical system of example 2.
Detailed Description
The present utility model is further described below with reference to examples, which are to be construed as merely illustrative of the present utility model and not limiting of its scope, and various modifications to the equivalent arrangements of the present utility model will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the present description, which are within the scope of the utility model as defined in the appended claims.
Example 1, as shown in FIG. 1, this embodimentThe continuous-zooming optometry optical system comprises spherical negative thin lenses L with common optical axes arranged in sequence 1 Spherical positive thin lens L 2 And spherical negative thin lens L 3 . Wherein spherical negative thin lens L 1 Can move along the optical axis, i.e. can be close to or far away from the spherical positive thin lens L along the optical axis 2 Spherical negative thin lens L 3 Is positioned on the spherical positive thin lens L 2 Is at the image side focal point. Spherical negative thin lens L 1 Is of the optical power ofSpherical positive thin lens L 2 Is +.>Spherical negative thin lens L 3 Is +.>The following relationship is satisfied
Spherical positive thin lens L 2 Is of the optical power ofIn the range of +3D to +25D, spherical negative thin lens L 3 Is of the optical power ofThe range of (2) is-25D to-3D, and the range can be specifically determined according to the range of the optical power (diopter) which is required to be measured.
For the above-mentioned continuous-zoom optometry optical system, the spherical negative thin lens L is not considered 3 The optical principle of the system structure is shown in figure 2, wherein the spherical negative thin lens L 1 Is a spherical system I, a spherical positive thin lens L 2 Is a spherical system II. The principal point of the object space and the principal point of the image space of the spherical system I and the spherical system II are respectively H 1 、H′ 1 And H 2 、H′ 2 Their main focuses are F respectively 1 、F′ 1 And F 2 、F′ 2 Focal lengths are f respectively 1 、f′ 1 And f 2 、f′ 2 Optical spacing of two systemsd represents an image Fang Zhudian H 'of the spherical system I' 1 To the principal point H of the object of the spherical system II 2 The distance between the two is equal to the principal point H 'of the image space of the spherical system II' 2 To determine the position of the image Fang Zhudian H 'of the composite system, using X' H And (3) representing.
The focal lengths f, f ' of the combined system of spherical system I and spherical system II, the positions X ' of the principal object and image aspects ' H 、X H Distance between principal object point and principal image pointRespectively denoted as
In the figure, the principal point of the object H of the synthesis system is not shown.
It can be seen that the focal lengths f and f ' of the combined system, the positions of the principal object point H and the image Fang Zhudian H ', and the distances between the principal object point H and the image Fang Zhudian H ' are determined by the focal lengths f of the spherical systems I and II 1 And f 2 Two systemsOptical gap delta between them and image Fang Zhudian H 'of spherical system I' 1 To the principal point H of the object of the spherical system II 2 Is determined by the distance d of (2). When the optical power of the composite system changes with delta, the position of the principal point of the object and the image Fang Zhudian H' also change, which neither corresponds to a thin lens nor remains the same. Therefore, the design requirement of the optometry cannot be met by arbitrarily selecting the spherical system I and the spherical system II to form a coaxial optical zoom system.
In fact, the spherical negative thin lens L in the present embodiment 1 Is of the optical power ofAnd spherical positive thin lens L 2 Is of the optical power ofSatisfy the following requirements
I.e. f' 1 ＝f 2 At this time d=Δ and X' H ＝f′ 2 The position of the principal point of the image side of the synthesis system can be kept unchanged. f's' 1 ＝f 2 The formula of the focal length f' substituted into the synthesizing system can be obtained
It is shown that the image Fang Jiaoju f 'of the composite system is only inversely proportional to d, i.e. f' is uniquely determined by the d value and its range of variation is also uniquely determined by the d value only. f's' 1 ＝f 2 Substituting distance between principal point of object side and principal point of image side of synthesizing systemCan be obtained from the formula of (2)
The distance between the principal point of the object side and the principal point of the image side of the synthesizing system is exactly equal to the d value which uniquely determines the focal length change value and the change range of the synthesizing system. Thus, if the d value can be controlled to be small enough throughout a range of zoom (i.e., the d value is small enough relative to the distance at which the eye chart is located, typically 5 meters), the resulting system will be equivalent to a thin lens relative to an eye chart or other object at a distance of 5 meters.
From spherical negative thin lens L 1 And spherical positive thin lens L 2 The optical power of the system is
According to the selectionThe value of the spherical negative thin lens L can be determined by the above method 1 And spherical positive thin lens L 2 Optical power indication of the system composed +.>
Taking outThen->So at the image-side focal plane of the spherical system II (i.e. spherical positive thin lens L 2 At the image-side focal point) a spherical negative thin lens L with negative focal power is placed 3 Spherical negative thin lens L 3 Is +.>The optical power of the combined system of the three thin lenses at this time is
The position of the principal point of the image side of the synthesizing system is unchanged and still is on the principal point of the image side of the spherical system II. Based on the two equations, the change range of the optical power of the synthesizing system and the zero value position can be determined through the change of the d value.
In summary, the continuous-zoom optometry optical system meets all the requirements that must be met by the optometry process simulating the optometry of the insert and by the wearing of the frame glasses, these requirements specifically comprising:
1. since all of the trial lenses used in the insert refraction process and the lenses of the frame glasses worn are thin lenses, the optical zoom system must correspond to one thin lens within the measurement range required by the refractor.
2. Because the eye distance between any test lens inserted into the test lens frame and the vertex of the tested spectacle film is kept unchanged during the insertion sheet optometry, that is, the position of the principal point of the image side of any test lens inserted into the test lens frame is the same, the position of the principal point of the image side of the optical zoom system must be kept unchanged when the optical zoom system zooms randomly within the measurement range required by the optometry instrument.
It should be noted that the spherical negative thin lens L shown in the drawing in the continuous-zoom optometry optical system of the above-described embodiment 1 Spherical positive thin lens L 2 And spherical negative thin lens L 3 Are all single-piece optical lenses, but are not limited thereto, spherical negative thin lens L 1 Spherical positive thin lens L 2 And spherical negative thin lens L 3 A single optical lens or a combination of a plurality of optical lenses may be used.
A specific portable subjective refractor structure manufactured based on the continuous-zoom optometry system of the above embodiment is shown in FIG. 3, and includes a refractor body provided with a continuous-zoom optometry system. The mechanical structure of the optometry body mainly comprises a front lens barrel 11 and a rear lens barrel 13, and is provided with a spherical negative thin lens L 1 9 is mounted in the front barrel 11 and movable on its inner wall to ensure spherical negative thin lens L 1 9 is coaxial with the front lens barrel 11, and an axial chute can be arranged on the wall surface of the front lens barrel 11 to be matched with the movable lens frame 8, so that the movable lens frame 8 moves along the axial direction of the front lens barrel 11, namely the spherical negative thin lens L 1 9 is performed on the optical axis.
Spherical positive thin lens L 2 12 and spherical negative thin lens L 3 14 are fixed to the front end (far-eye end) and the tip end (near-eye end) of the rear barrel 13, respectively, a spherical positive thin lens L 2 12 and spherical negative thin lens L 3 The optical axis of 14 is coaxial with the rear barrel 13. Spherical positive thin lens L 2 12 and spherical negative thin lens L 3 14 is a spherical positive thin lens L 2 12. The front end portion of the rear barrel 13 is inserted into the tip (near-eye end) of the front barrel 11 to achieve coaxial fitting of the front barrel 11 and the rear barrel 13 and is fixed with a tightening nut 30. A protective glass frame 2 with a protective glass 1 is screwed on the front end (far eye end) of the front lens barrel 11 to protect the spherical negative thin lens L 1 9。
The front barrel 11 is also provided with a zoom adjustment device and an optical power display device. Wherein the zoom adjusting means is adapted to drive the movable frame 8, i.e. the spherical negative thin lens L 1 9 move along the optical axis. The focal power display device is used for displaying the negative thin lens L according to the spherical surface 1 The overall power of the continuous-zoom refraction optical system is displayed at the position of the optical axis.
Specifically, the zoom adjusting device adopts a wire transmission mode which is easy to maintain, and the focal power display device adopts a pointer movement indication mode. Two or three long slots are axially arranged on the front lens barrel 11 for the transmission line tying screw 34 and the focal power pointer fixing screw 7 fixed on the movable lens frame 8 to synchronously move along with the movable lens frame 8 in the long slots. The drive line tying screw 34 is connected to a mechanical drive system comprising a first drive driven wheel 37 fixed to the front bracket 4, a drive line drive wheel 35 fixed to the base 36, a second drive driven wheel 33 fixed to the rear bracket 32, through which drive line the drive line tying screw 34 is tied. The front bracket 4 and the rear bracket are fixed to the front barrel 11 by the front bracket screw 3 and the rear bracket screw 31, and the mount 36 is fixed to the front bracket 4 and the rear bracket 32.
The focal power pointer 6 is fixed on the focal power pointer fixing screw 7, and the front lens barrel 11 is positioned on one side of the focal power pointer fixing screw 7 moving long grooveThe side is fixed with an optical power indicator 5, and the optical power indicator 5 is covered with a protective shell 10. During optometry, the driving wheel 35 is driven by the rotating line to enable the spherical negative thin lens L 1 9 move in the front lens barrel 11 and synchronously drive the focal power pointer 6 to move. The optical power of the continuous-zoom optometry system is displayed by a change in the position of the optical power pointer 6 on the optical power indicator 5.
In order to ensure that the fixed eye distance is kept during optometry, the optometry instrument is provided with an eye-receiving device, namely an eye-receiving retainer 15, the eye-receiving retainer 15 is screwed at the tail end of the rear lens barrel 13, and during optometry, the measured eye is closely attached to the eye-receiving retainer 15, so that the eye distance can be always kept at the recognized eye distance. A cover plate (not shown) is also provided at the end of the rear barrel 13, which is rotatable about the rear barrel 13, to cover the unmeasured eyes during optometry.
The refraction method of the portable subjective refraction instrument adopting the embodiment comprises the following steps: the optometrist orders the optometrist to hold the optometrist with his left hand, the eye to be measured is close to the optometrist eye ring 15, cover the other eye, observe 5 meters distance eye chart or other objects, the right hand rotates the line drive wheel 35 until it is seen clearly. At this time, the focal power indication value on the focal power indicator 5 aligned with the focal power pointer 6 is the spherical focal power value of the eye to be measured. Three operations were performed and an average was taken. The eye was changed and operated as above.
Detection of presbyopic ametropia the presbyopic subject 39 may be inserted into the presbyopic subject receptacle 38, the presbyopic subject receptacle 38 being located on the front mount 4. It should be noted that the illustration given herein of the fixation of presbyopic subject 39 is merely illustrative, and presbyopic subject 39 may be otherwise fixed to the refractor body. Based on the principle of presbyopic glasses experience measurement method, the principle of taking the comfort of the tested person as the main principle and the requirement that the common reading distance is 40 cm and the reading is clear within the range of +/-5 cm, and the principle point is a spherical negative thin lens L in front of the refractor and taking the reading of common physiological presbyopia into consideration that the reading is between 0.5D and 3.5D 1 In the case of the 9 object focus, the presbyopic subject 39 of the present refractor is not necessarily associated with the spherical negative thin lens L 1 9 are moved together, and the position thereof can be fixed on the spherical positive thin lens L 2 12 is about 30-50 cm in front of the base. Tested eye close jointThe eye retainer 15 is operated as described above until the presbyopic subject 39 is seen most clearly, at which point the optical power indication on the optical power indicator 5 is the degree of presbyopic refractive error of the eye being measured.
Embodiment 2, as shown in FIG. 4, the continuous-zoom optometry optical system according to the present embodiment is added with a cylindrical continuous-optical zoom system comprising a negative cylindrical thin lens L on the basis of embodiment 1 4 And a negative cylindrical thin lens L 5 . Negative cylindrical thin lens L 4 And a negative cylindrical thin lens L 5 Negative thin lens L tightly attached to spherical surface 3 Back to the spherical positive thin lens L 2 Is provided. Negative cylindrical thin lens L 4 And a negative cylindrical thin lens L 5 Rotatable, the rotation axes of the two are coaxial with the optical axis of the continuous-zoom optometry optical system of embodiment 1, and the negative cylindrical thin lens L 4 And a negative cylindrical thin lens L 5 Is positioned on the optical axis, and a negative cylindrical thin lens L 4 And a negative cylindrical thin lens L 5 The lens axes of (a) are all perpendicular to the optical axis. Negative cylindrical thin lens L 4 And a negative cylindrical thin lens L 5 The rotation of the lens axis can directly change the included angle of the lens axes of the lens frame and the lens frame, or the rotation of the lens frame and the lens frame can synchronously change the circumferential position of the lens axes of the lens frame and the lens frame on the optical axis without changing the included angle of the lens axes of the lens frame and the lens frame. According to Thomson formula of two identical-number cylindrical thin lens synthesizing system, astigmatism reading C, spherical reading D and astigmatism axis beta of cylindrical synthesizing system are formed by included angle alpha (alpha) between axes of two cylindrical thin lenses<90 DEG) and the power A, B of the two cylindrical thin lenses, i.e
C 2 ＝A 2 +B 2 +2ABcos2α
The two cylindrical thin lenses selected in this embodiment are both negative cylindrical lenses, and the negative cylindrical thin lens L 4 And a negative cylindrical thin lens L 5 The optical power of (a) is-3D column, then there is
C＝-6cosα
Negative cylindrical thin lens L 4 And a negative cylindrical thin lens L 5 When the included angle alpha of the cylindrical continuous optical zoom system is changed between 0 degrees and 90 degrees, the astigmatism reading C of the cylindrical continuous optical zoom system is changed between-6D columns and 0D columns, the measuring range which the astigmatism degree of the refractometer must meet is met, and the astigmatism axis is the angular bisector of the axis included angle. Because the two negative cylindrical lenses can synchronously rotate around the optical axis without changing the included angle between the two axes, the requirements of 0-180 degrees which must be satisfied by the axial measurement of astigmatism can be met.
A specific portable subjective refractor configuration based on the continuous-zoom optometry system of the above-described embodiment is shown in fig. 5, in which a front barrel 11 and its internal structure (including a spherical negative thin lens L 1 9) The structures of the zoom adjustment device and the optical power display device are the same as those of embodiment 1, and will not be described again. The embodiment is also provided with a negative cylindrical thin lens L 4 25. Negative cylindrical thin lens L 5 24. Astigmatism adjusting device and astigmatism display device. The astigmatism adjusting means comprise a sleeve 29 and a coaxial reversing mechanism. Specifically, a spherical positive thin lens L is fixedly mounted at the front end of the rear barrel 13 2 12 and is inserted into the rear end of the front barrel 11 to be coaxially fixed. The rear barrel 13 is provided with a rotatable sleeve 29 coaxially sleeved at the end thereof, the sleeve 29 is sleeved with a compression ring 16, the rear barrel 13 is provided with a sleeve tension ring 26 at the end thereof, the compression ring 16 is in threaded connection with the sleeve tension ring 26, the sleeve 29 is tightly attached to a sleeve fixing seat 21 fixed on the rear barrel 13, and the sleeve 29 can rotate around an optical axis (the axis of the rear barrel 13) without axial movement. The compression ring 16 is provided with a circumferential dial as an angle indicator (axial angle of astigmatism), the sleeve 29 is provided with an indicator line as an angle pointer, and the two constitute astigmatismThe light display device is provided with a part for displaying the axial angle of astigmatism. Rotation of the sleeve 29 changes the position of the angle pointer at the angle indicator to obtain the astigmatic axial angle.
A front lens frame 28 and a rear lens frame 22 which are rotatable are coaxially arranged in the sleeve 29, and a spherical negative thin lens L 3 12 and negative cylindrical thin lens L 4 25 are closely adhered and commonly fixed in the front lens frame 28, and a negative cylindrical thin lens L 5 24 are fixed in the rear mirror frame 22, the spherical negative thin lens L 3 14. Negative cylindrical thin lens L 4 25 and negative cylindrical thin lens L 5 24 are coaxial with the sleeve 29, i.e. a spherical negative thin lens L is formed 1 9. Spherical positive thin lens L 2 12. Spherical negative thin lens L 3 14. Negative cylindrical thin lens L 4 25 and negative cylindrical thin lens L 5 24, and a negative cylindrical thin lens L 4 25 and negative cylindrical thin lens L 5 24 are rotatable about the optical axis. The coaxial reversing mechanism comprises a small bevel gear 17, a first large bevel gear 23 and a second large bevel gear 27, wherein the first large bevel gear 23 and the second large bevel gear 27 are both arranged in a sleeve and positioned by a compression nut 20, the first large bevel gear 23 and the second large bevel gear 27 are rotationally connected with the sleeve 29, a front mirror frame 28 is fixed in a shaft hole of the first large bevel gear 23, and a rear mirror frame 22 is fixed in a shaft hole of the second large bevel gear 27. The small bevel gear 17 is radially arranged on the sleeve 29 through the gear fixing seat 19 and is meshed with the first large bevel gear 23 and the second large bevel gear 27, when the small bevel gear 17 is rotated, the first large bevel gear 23 and the second large bevel gear 27 can drive the front mirror frame 28 and the rear mirror frame 22 to synchronously rotate reversely, so that the negative cylindrical thin lens L is changed 4 25 and negative cylindrical thin lens L 5 24 without changing the direction of the angular bisector of the angle, i.e. without changing the astigmatism axis. An astigmatism indicator is engraved in the circumferential direction of the dial 18 which rotates in synchronization with the bevel pinion 17, and an indication line engraved on the sleeve 29 serves as an astigmatism indicator (which may be the same indication line as the angle indicator), both of which constitute a portion for displaying astigmatism in the astigmatism display device. Rotation of bevel pinion 17 changes the position of the astigmatism pointer at the astigmatism level indicator to obtain the astigmatism level.
The refraction method of the portable subjective refraction instrument adopting the embodiment comprises the following steps:
1. measuring spherical ametropia (myopia, hyperopia, presbyopia)
The bevel pinion 17 is rotated to align the zero position of the astigmatism scale C value on the astigmatism indicator with the indicator line on the sleeve 29, the negative cylindrical thin lens L 4 25 and negative cylindrical thin lens L 5 24, the optical system formed by the optical fiber is free from astigmatism. The rest of the measurement procedure was the same as in example 1.
2. Astigmatism determination
When the degree of the spherical ametropia of the eye to be measured is measured according to the method, if the vision of the eye to be measured is less than 0.7-0.8, astigmatism can be considered. The bevel pinion 17 is rotated to make the astigmatism indication value C of the astigmatism dial be 0.5D or 1.0D, and the negative cylindrical thin lens L 4 25 and negative cylindrical thin lens L 5 The 24 synthesis system has 0.5D or 1.0D astigmatism, the eye chart becomes blurred, the sleeve 29 is rotated, if the eye to be tested is rotated to any position to feel the blur, the eye to be tested is indicated to have no astigmatism, and the vision is not improved, which may be caused by other reasons of the eye to be tested. If the eye chart is clear and the other positions are blurred, the eye to be measured is prompted to have astigmatism. Further rotation of bevel pinion 17 adjusts the astigmatism and slightly rotates wire drive wheel 35 adjusts the sphere power until the eye chart is seen most clearly. At this time, the astigmatism degree indicated by the astigmatism degree indicator on the astigmatism degree indicator is the astigmatism degree of the measured eye, the indication value of the angle indicator on the compression ring 16 is the astigmatism axis of the measured eye, and the absolute value obtained by subtracting half of the astigmatism degree from the indication value of the spherical diopter is the spherical diopter of the measured eye.
According to the conversion relation between the meridian of the maximum refractive power and the meridian of the minimum refractive power of the regular astigmatism and the two axial positions, for any regular astigmatism, the astigmatism degree of one axial position is always negative, so that the measuring range of the optometry instrument actually covers the measuring range of-6D which must be met by the optometry instrument, and the habit that the traditional astigmatism lens adopts a negative cylindrical lens is also met.
The portable subjective refractometer of the above embodiment is tested and compared with the insert refraction and the mydriasis refraction respectively, and the difference is smaller than or equal to 0.5D as the basic coincidence, and the difference is larger than 0.5D as the larger difference. The test procedure was performed autonomously by the subject under the direction of the optometrist, with a measurement time of each eye of within 2 minutes. The test results are as follows
The result shows that the optometry instrument has rapid optometry and accurate result. Compared with the insert optometry, the complete compliance rate is 95.8%, the basic compliance rate is 100%, and the continuous zooming optical system designed and adopted by the utility model reliably realizes the accurate simulation of the insert optometry process, verifies that the design scheme of the system is correct and feasible, and the operation and indication accuracy of the mechanical system are reliable, thereby reaching the design expectation. Compared with mydriasis refraction, the method has the advantages that the coincidence rate is reduced, firstly, the measurement error of the optometry instrument is caused, and secondly, the subjective judgment error of an optometrist during mydriasis refraction is caused.
Claims (11)
1. A continuous zooming optometry optical system is characterized by comprising spherical negative thin lenses L with common optical axes arranged in sequence 1 Spherical positive thin lens L 2 And spherical negative thin lens L 3 The spherical negative thin lens L 1 The spherical negative thin lens L is arranged along the optical axis in a moving way 3 Is positioned at the optical center of the spherical positive thin lens L 2 At the image space focus of the spherical negative thin lens L 1 Is of the optical power ofThe spherical positive thin lens L 2 Is +.>The spherical negative thin lens L 3 Is +.>The following relationship is satisfied
2. The continuous-zoom refraction optical system according to claim 1, wherein the spherical positive thin lens L 2 Is of the optical power ofIn the range of +3D to +25D.
3. The continuous-zoom refraction optical system according to claim 2, wherein the spherical negative thin lens L 3 Is of the optical power ofThe range of (2) is-25D to-3D.
4. The continuous-zoom refraction optical system according to claim 1, wherein the spherical negative thin lens L 1 Is a single optical lens or a combination of a plurality of optical lenses, the spherical positive thin lens L 2 Is a single optical lens or a combination of a plurality of optical lenses, the spherical negative thin lens L 3 Is a single optical lens or a combination of a plurality of optical lenses.
5. The continuous-zoom refraction optical system according to claim 1, wherein the spherical negative thin lens L 3 Back to the spherical positive thin lens L 2 A rotatable negative cylindrical thin lens L with the same number is arranged on one side of the lens 4 And a negative cylindrical thin lens L 5 The negative cylindrical thin lens L 4 And a negative cylindrical thin lens L 5 Is coaxial with the optical axis, the negative cylindrical thin lens L 4 And a negative cylindrical thin lens L 5 Is positioned on the optical axis, the negative cylindrical thin lens L 4 And a negative cylindrical thin lens L 5 Is perpendicular to the optical axis.
6. The continuous-zoom prescription of claim 5, wherein said negative cylindrical thin lens L 4 And a negative cylindrical thin lens L 5 The optical powers of (a) are all-3D columns.
7. A portable subjective refraction instrument comprising the continuous-zoom refraction optical system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, a zoom adjustment device for driving the spherical negative thin lens L, an optical power display device, and an eye-receiving device 1 Moving along the optical axis, the focal power display device is used for displaying the lens L according to the spherical negative thin lens 1 Displaying the integral focal power of the continuous-zoom refraction optical system at the position of the optical axis, wherein the eye-receiving device is used for keeping the tested eye and the spherical negative thin lens L 3 Is a distance of (3).
8. The portable subjective refraction of claim 7 comprising a refraction body, said spherical positive thin lens L 2 And the spherical negative thin lens L 3 Fixedly arranged on the optometry body, the spherical negative thin lens L 3 The lens is positioned at the tail end of the optometry body, the optometry body is provided with a movable lens frame, and the spherical negative thin lens L 1 The zoom adjusting device is arranged on the refractor body and used for driving the movable lens frame to move along the refractor body so as to enable the spherical negative thin lens L to move 1 Along the optical axis removes, focal power display device includes focal power pointer and focal power indicator, the focal power pointer with the focal power indicator connect respectively in remove the picture frame with the refractometer body, change when removing the picture frame the focal power pointer is in the position on the focal power indicator, the eye-splice set up in the end of refractometer body.
9. A portable subjective refraction device comprising the continuous-zoom refraction optical system according to claim 5 or 6, a zoom adjusting device, an optical power display device, an astigmatism adjusting device, an astigmatism display device, and an eye receiving device, wherein the zoom adjusting device is used for driving the spherical negative thin lens L 1 Moving along the optical axis, the focal power display device is used for displaying the lens L according to the spherical negative thin lens 1 Displaying the whole focal power of the continuous-zoom refraction optical system at the position of the optical axis, wherein the astigmatism adjusting device is used for driving the negative cylindrical thin lens L 4 And a negative cylindrical thin lens L 5 Rotated to change the negative cylindrical thin lens L 4 And a negative cylindrical thin lens L 5 Is included in the lens axis and/or the negative cylindrical thin lens L 4 And a negative cylindrical thin lens L 5 The astigmatic display device is used for controlling the angle of the lens axis included angle bisector in the circumferential direction of the optical axis according to the negative cylindrical thin lens L 4 And a negative cylindrical thin lens L 5 Is arranged to display the astigmatism and is based on the negative cylindrical thin lens L 4 And a negative cylindrical thin lens L 5 The angle of the lens axis included angle bisector in the circumferential direction of the optical axis shows the astigmatic angle, and the eye-receiving device is used for keeping the tested eye and the spherical negative thin lens L 3 Is a distance of (3).
10. The portable subjective refraction of claim 9 comprising a refraction body, said spherical positive thin lens L 2 The fixed setting in the refractor body, the refractor body is equipped with the removal picture frame, the thin lens L of sphere negative 1 The zoom adjusting device is arranged on the refractor body and used for driving the movable lens frame to move along the refractor body so as to enable the spherical negative thin lens L to move 1 Along the optical axis removes, focal power display device includes focal power pointer and focal power indicator, the focal power pointer with the focal power indicator connect respectively in remove the picture frame with the refractometer body, change when removing the picture frame the focal powerThe pointer is positioned on the focal power indicator, the astigmatism adjusting device comprises a sleeve and a coaxial reversing mechanism, the sleeve is rotationally arranged at the tail end of the optometry body, the rotation axis of the sleeve is coaxial with the optical axis, and the spherical negative thin lens L 3 The negative cylindrical thin lens L 4 And the negative cylindrical thin lens L 5 Set up in the sleeve, coaxial reverse mechanism sets up on the sleeve, astigmatism display device includes angle pointer, angle indicator, astigmatism degree pointer and astigmatism degree indicator, angle pointer with the angle indicator connect respectively in the sleeve with the refractometer body, the sleeve changes when rotating the angle pointer is in the position on the angle indicator, coaxial reverse mechanism drives negative cylinder thin lens L 4 And the negative cylindrical thin lens L 5 The eye-engaging device is arranged at the tail end of the sleeve, and the eye-engaging device rotates reversely at the same speed and simultaneously drives and changes the position of the astigmatism indicator on the astigmatism indicator.
11. The portable subjective optotype of claim 7 or 9, comprising a presbyopic subject disposed on the spherical positive thin lens L 2 Toward the spherical negative thin lens L 1 30-50 cm in front of one side of the frame.
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| CN202320924745.1U CN219895703U (en) | 2023-04-23 | 2023-04-23 | Continuous zooming optometry optical system and portable subjective optometry instrument |
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| CN202320924745.1U CN219895703U (en) | 2023-04-23 | 2023-04-23 | Continuous zooming optometry optical system and portable subjective optometry instrument |
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Effective date of registration: 20240315 Address after: 202150 No. 58, Baozhen South Road, Chongming District, Shanghai (Shanghai Baozhen Economic Zone) Patentee after: Shanghai Gangxinjia Information Technology Co.,Ltd. Country or region after: China Address before: No.284, Changjiang Road, Changshu, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215500 Patentee before: Zhao Sanyuan Country or region before: China |