CN219842444U - Ship double-host rotating speed measuring system based on Hall sensor - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a ship double-host rotation speed measurement system based on a Hall sensor, which comprises the Hall sensor, a power supply, a rotation speed measurement terminal and an interface conversion module; the gears are rotatably supported through respective host shafts; the Hall sensors are respectively connected to a power supply through cables; the Hall sensors are fixedly supported by a fixed bracket in pairs to measure the rotation speed of each gear; the Hall sensor is connected to the built-in singlechip of the rotating speed measuring terminal through respective conditioning circuits, the singlechip is connected to the interface conversion module through serial ports to send the rotating speed value to the interface conversion module through serial ports, the conversion between the serial ports and the network ports is completed through the interface conversion module, and the rotating speed data is accessed into the shipboard network system through the network ports.

Description

Ship double-host rotating speed measuring system based on Hall sensor

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of measurement and test. More specifically, the utility model relates to a ship double-host rotation speed measurement system based on a Hall sensor.

Background

During sailing of a vessel, the vessel is typically of a dual-mainframe configuration, taking into account the reliability of the power system. Therefore, it is necessary to design a rotation speed measuring circuit to measure the rotation speeds of two marine main engines simultaneously. The main engine rotation speed of the ship is important information in ship navigation. The main engine room of the ship has severe environment, obvious vibration and pollution such as oil stain, dust and the like to a certain extent. At present, the rotating speed of a ship host is mainly displayed by laying special cables and installing special gauge heads in key areas such as a cab, a captain bedroom, a host centralized control room and the like. The traditional scheme of laying the special line display meter head involves the requirements of crossing a plurality of cabins, needing electromagnetic shielding and the like, so that the cost is high, and meanwhile, the timeliness of user access and the limitation of multi-user access are also affected when the meter head is installed at a few fixed places during ship construction.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the utility model aims to provide a ship double-host-machine rotating speed measuring system based on a Hall sensor, when the ferromagnetic gear tooth top is near the Hall sensor, the magnetic flux is increased, and the Hall voltage is increased; when the gear tooth tip deviates from the Hall sensor, the magnetic flux is reduced, the output voltage of the Hall sensor is reduced, the Hall element is excited by the gear, and the singlechip is triggered in response to a signal rising edge event. Compared with dedicated line transmission, the system in the utility model is a rotation speed measurement mode independent of the original host centralized control system, reduces the total cost of the system, and does not have faults in the long-term operation process. According to the host rotation speed measurement display system, the measurement result is remotely transmitted through the gigabit passive optical network, so that authorized multi-user access is realized.

The technical scheme of the utility model is as follows:

a ship double-host rotation speed measurement system based on a Hall sensor comprises the Hall sensor, a power supply, a rotation speed measurement terminal and an interface conversion module; the ship main engine comprises a first main engine and a second main engine; the first gear is connected to a first main machine shaft of the first main machine, the second gear is connected to a second main machine shaft of the second main machine, and the gears are rotatably supported through the respective main machine shafts; the Hall sensors comprise a first Hall sensor, a second Hall sensor, a third Hall sensor and a fourth Hall sensor, and the Hall sensors are respectively connected to a power supply through cables; the Hall sensors are respectively connected to a fixed platform on the ship body through fixed brackets, and the fixed brackets comprise a first fixed bracket and a second fixed bracket; the first Hall sensor and the second Hall sensor are supported by a first fixed bracket; the first Hall sensor and the second Hall sensor are positioned in the same plumb plane; measuring the rotating speed of the first gear through a first Hall sensor and/or a second Hall sensor, and measuring the rotating direction of the first gear through the phase difference of the first Hall sensor and the second sensor; the first Hall sensor and the second Hall sensor are matched to measure the direction of the rotating speed of the first host; the third Hall sensor and the fourth Hall sensor are supported by a second fixed bracket; the third Hall sensor and the fourth Hall sensor are positioned in the same vertical plane, the rotation speed of the second gear is measured through the third Hall sensor and/or the fourth Hall sensor, and the rotation direction of the second gear is measured through the phase difference of the third Hall sensor and the fourth Hall sensor; the Hall sensor is connected to the built-in singlechip of the rotating speed measuring terminal through respective conditioning circuits, the singlechip is connected to the interface conversion module through serial ports to send the rotating speed value to the interface conversion module through serial ports, the conversion between the serial ports and the network ports is completed through the interface conversion module, and the rotating speed data is accessed into the shipboard network system through the network ports.

Preferably, the power supply is a direct current power supply, and the voltage is 12V.

Preferably, the hall sensor is provided at a radial side portion of the first gear and the second gear.

Preferably, the first hall sensor is located above the second hall sensor and the axis of the first hall sensor is located in the same horizontal plane as the axis of the first main shaft; the third hall sensor is located the top of fourth hall sensor and the axis of third hall sensor and the axis of second host shaft are located same horizontal plane, effectively avoid long-term monitoring in-process, because the hall sensor that the vibration arouses drops and bring the teeth of a cogwheel damage and avoid the problem that the daily maintenance that brings when hall sensor mounted position is too low.

Preferably, a phase difference exists between the output signal of the first hall sensor and the output signal of the second hall sensor to distinguish the rotation direction of the first gear; there is a phase difference between the output signal of the third hall sensor and the output signal of the fourth hall sensor to distinguish the rotation direction of the second gear.

Preferably, the power supply may be a power supply adapter module, which is connected to a 220V ac power supply, converts 220V ac power into 12V dc power, and supplies power to the hall sensor.

Preferably, the conditioning circuit comprises a photoelectric isolation module, a voltage dividing resistor and a pull-up resistor, wherein the photoelectric isolation module comprises a light emitting diode and a phototriode, the voltage dividing resistor comprises a first voltage dividing resistor and a second voltage dividing resistor, and a first end of the first voltage dividing resistor is connected to a 12V direct current power supply; the second end of the first voltage dividing resistor is connected to the anode of the light emitting diode of the photoelectric isolation module, the first end of the second voltage dividing resistor is connected to the cathode of the light emitting diode of the photoelectric isolation module, and the second end of the second voltage dividing resistor is connected to the grounding end of the Hall sensor; the negative electrode of the light-emitting diode is also connected to the output end of the Hall sensor; the output end of the light-operated three-stage tube is connected to the singlechip.

Preferably, the first end of the pull-up resistor is connected to a 5V dc power supply, and the second end of the pull-up resistor is connected to the output end of the optoelectronic isolation module.

Preferably, the capacitor C1, the capacitor C2 and the crystal oscillator Q1 form an external oscillating circuit of the singlechip, a first end of the capacitor C1 is connected to a first end of the crystal oscillator Q1, and a first end of the capacitor C2 is connected to a second end of the crystal oscillator Q1. The first end of the capacitor C1 and the first end of the crystal oscillator Q1 are both connected to a first external crystal oscillator input terminal of the single chip microcomputer, the first end of the capacitor C2 and the second end of the crystal oscillator Q1 are both connected to a second external crystal oscillator input terminal of the single chip microcomputer, and the second end of the capacitor C1 and the second end of the capacitor C2 are grounded.

Preferably, the ground wire of the singlechip is collinear with the ground wire of the rotating speed measurement terminal.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the advantages that:

according to the ship double-host-machine rotating speed measuring system based on the Hall sensor, the Hall sensor is used for measuring the rotating speed of the host machine, and the stainless steel installing and fixing brackets are arranged on the outer sides of gears of the ship host machine, such as the first gear and the second gear, so that the double-channel Hall sensor is fixed to the brackets. A preset distance is arranged between the Hall sensor and the tooth top of the measured gear. The output part of the Hall sensor is driven by a 12V direct current power supply, and a 5V direct current output digital signal is adopted.

When any tooth top of the gear is located on the plumb plane, namely the tooth top is parallel to the probe plane of the corresponding Hall sensor, the distance between the Hall sensor and the tooth top of the gear is 3mm-7mm, so that interference between the Hall sensor and the gear teeth and damage to the gear teeth are avoided when the distance is too small; and avoiding that the Hall sensor cannot accurately sense the change of the rotating distance of the gear when the distance is overlarge.

The Hall sensor provided by the utility model is provided with the cylindrical shell, the axis of the cylindrical shell and the axis of the corresponding host computer are positioned in the same horizontal plane, and the gear tooth damage caused by the falling-off of the Hall sensor due to vibration in the long-term monitoring process can be effectively avoided by adopting the configuration. Meanwhile, a zero hall sensor is arranged below the hall sensor, so that the problem of inconvenient daily maintenance caused by too low installation position of the hall sensor can be effectively avoided.

The Hall sensor is connected with a power supply through a power line, and is powered by the external power supply, so that the sensor can be in a working state, and the running condition of the sensor at a low rotating speed can be monitored. Alternatively, the hall sensor may be connected to a power adapter module via a power cord, the power adapter module being connected to an ac power source, for example, a 220V ac power source, converting 220V ac power to 12V dc power, and powering the hall sensor.

The conditioning circuit is used as a peripheral circuit and is communicated with the Hall sensor and the rotating speed measuring terminal. The conditioning circuits are identical in structure. The conditioning circuits are arranged in pairs, and are matched with the main machine to measure the rotating speed and the rotating direction of the main machine.

According to the ship main engine rotating speed measuring method, the magnetic induction intensity of the magnetic field where the Hall sensor is located is periodically changed. Wherein each rotational speed measurement requires two channel hall elements. The phases of the output signals of the two Hall elements are staggered to distinguish the rotation directions of the gears.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a ship double-host rotation speed measurement system based on a hall sensor according to the present utility model.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a first conditioning circuit of the hall sensor-based marine dual-host rotational speed measurement system according to the present utility model.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a second conditioning circuit of the hall sensor based marine dual-host rotational speed measurement system according to the present utility model.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a third conditioning circuit of the hall sensor based marine dual-host rotational speed measurement system according to the present utility model.

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a fourth conditioning circuit of the hall sensor based marine dual-host rotational speed measurement system according to the present utility model.

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the connection of the single-chip microcomputer of the ship double-host rotation speed measurement system based on the hall sensor according to the utility model.

Detailed Description

The ship double-host rotation speed measurement system based on the Hall sensor, as shown in fig. 1 to 6, comprises a Hall sensor 2, a fixed bracket 3, a power supply, a signal wire 4, a rotation speed measurement terminal 6, a serial port wire 8, an interface conversion module 7 and a network port 9.

The vessel main shaft 5 is provided with a gear 1 which is rotatably supported by the vessel main shaft 5 so as to measure the rotational speed of the main machine by measuring the rotational speed of the gear.

The ship main engine comprises a first main engine and a second main engine; the gears comprise a first gear and a second gear; the marine main engine shaft comprises a first main engine shaft and a second main engine shaft. The first gear is connected to a first main machine shaft of the first main machine, the second gear is connected to a second main machine shaft of the second main machine, and the gears are rotatably supported by the respective main machine shafts.

The Hall sensors comprise a first Hall sensor, a second Hall sensor, a third Hall sensor and a fourth Hall sensor, and the Hall sensors are respectively connected to a power supply through cables; the Hall sensors are respectively connected to a fixed platform on the ship body through fixed brackets, and the fixed brackets comprise a first fixed bracket and a second fixed bracket; the first Hall sensor and the second Hall sensor are supported by a first fixed bracket; the first Hall sensor and the second Hall sensor are positioned in the same plumb plane; measuring the rotating speed of the first gear through a first Hall sensor and/or a second Hall sensor, and measuring the rotating direction of the first gear through the phase difference of the first Hall sensor and the second sensor; the first Hall sensor and the second Hall sensor are matched to measure the direction of the rotating speed of the first host; the third Hall sensor and the fourth Hall sensor are supported by a second fixed bracket; the third Hall sensor and the fourth Hall sensor are positioned in the same vertical plane, the rotation speed of the second gear is measured through the third Hall sensor and/or the fourth Hall sensor, and the rotation direction of the second gear is measured through the phase difference of the third Hall sensor and the fourth Hall sensor; the Hall sensor is connected to the built-in singlechip of the rotating speed measuring terminal through respective conditioning circuits, the singlechip is connected to the interface conversion module through serial ports to send the rotating speed value to the interface conversion module through serial ports, the conversion between the serial ports and the network ports is completed through the interface conversion module, and the rotating speed data is accessed into the shipboard network system through the network ports.

The hall sensor is provided at a side portion of the gear, for example, a side portion in a radial direction of the gear. The Hall sensor is fixedly supported through the fixed support. Preferably, when any tooth tip of the gear is located in the vertical plane, i.e. the tooth tip is parallel to the probe plane of the hall sensor, the distance between the hall sensor and said tooth tip of the gear is 3mm-7mm. Preferably, the distance between the Hall sensor and the tooth top of the gear is 5mm, so that the interference between the Hall sensor and the gear teeth and the damage to the gear teeth are avoided when the distance is too small; and avoiding that the Hall sensor cannot accurately sense the change of the rotating distance of the gear when the distance is overlarge. Preferably, the hall sensor has a cylindrical housing, the hall element being mounted inside the cylindrical housing, the hall element being coaxial with the cylindrical housing, the axis of the cylindrical housing being perpendicular to the plane to be detected.

Preferably, the axis of the cylindrical shell is positioned in the same horizontal plane with the axis of the host, and the gear tooth damage caused by the falling of the Hall sensor due to vibration in the long-term monitoring process can be effectively avoided by the configuration. Meanwhile, the problem of inconvenient daily maintenance caused by too low installation position of the Hall sensor can be effectively avoided through the configuration.

The fixed bracket is fixed to a hull, for example, a fixed platform on the hull.

The sum of the tooth top height and the tooth root height of the gear is more than 3mm.

The Hall sensor is connected with a power supply through a power line, and is powered by the external power supply, so that the sensor can be in a working state, and the running condition of the sensor at a low rotating speed can be monitored. The hall sensor is connected to a power adapter module through a power cord, the power adapter module is connected with an ac power source, for example, 220V ac power source, converts 220V ac power into 12V dc power, and supplies power to the hall sensor.

The output end of the Hall sensor is connected to the rotating speed measuring terminal through a signal wire, the output end of the rotating speed measuring terminal is connected to the interface conversion module through a serial port wire so as to send the rotating speed value to the interface conversion module through the serial port, and the conversion between the serial port and the network port is completed through the interface conversion module so as to access the rotating speed data into a shipborne network system, such as a shipboard local area network.

Preferably, the hall sensors include a first hall sensor, a second hall sensor, a third hall sensor, and a fourth hall sensor.

Preferably, the fixing bracket includes a first fixing bracket and a second fixing bracket.

Preferably, the main machine shaft comprises a first main machine shaft and a second main machine shaft. The first main shaft is a right main shaft and the second main shaft is a left main shaft.

Preferably, the first hall sensor and the second hall sensor are respectively fixed to the first fixing bracket, the first hall sensor and the second hall sensor are located in the same vertical plane, and the first hall sensor is located above the second hall sensor. Preferably, the axis of the first hall sensor is located in the same horizontal plane as the axis of the first main machine shaft, and is configured to measure the rotational speed of the first main machine. The first Hall sensor and the second Hall sensor are matched to measure the direction of the rotating speed of the first host. Preferably, the third hall sensor and the fourth hall sensor are respectively fixed to the second fixing bracket, the third hall sensor and the fourth hall sensor are located in the same vertical plane, and the third hall sensor is located above the fourth hall sensor. Preferably, the axis of the third hall sensor is located in the same horizontal plane as the axis of the second main machine shaft, and is configured to measure the rotational speed of the second main machine. The third Hall sensor and the fourth Hall sensor are matched to measure the direction of the rotating speed of the second host.

The rotating speed measuring terminal comprises a singlechip and a peripheral circuit, and the peripheral circuit is configured to communicate the Hall sensor with the rotating speed measuring terminal. The peripheral circuit comprises four groups of conditioning circuits, and the structures of the four groups of conditioning circuits are identical. The conditioning circuits are arranged in pairs, and are matched with the main machine to measure the rotating speed and the rotating direction of the main machine. Preferably, the singlechip is an ATMEGA328 singlechip.

The first conditioning circuit comprises a photoelectric isolation module OK1, a voltage dividing resistor and a pull-up resistor. Preferably, the optoelectronic isolation module comprises a light emitting diode and a phototriode, and when the light emitting diode emits light, the triode is conducted. The voltage dividing resistor comprises a first voltage dividing resistor R11 and a second voltage dividing resistor R12, wherein the first end of the first voltage dividing resistor R11 is connected to a 12V direct current power supply, and the 12V direct current power supply is the output of the power supply adapting module. The second end of the first voltage dividing resistor R11 is connected to the positive electrode of the light emitting diode of the photoelectric isolation module OK1, the first end of the second voltage dividing resistor R12 is connected to the negative electrode of the light emitting diode of the photoelectric isolation module OK1, and the second end of the second voltage dividing resistor R12 is connected to the grounding end (X4-2) of the Hall sensor; the negative electrode of the light emitting diode is also connected to the output terminal (X2-2) of the Hall sensor. The first end of the pull-up resistor R15 is connected to VCC, and the second end of the pull-up resistor R15 is connected to the output end of the optoelectronic isolation module, that is, the output end of the phototransistor. The output end 4 of the light-operated transistor is connected to a single-chip microcomputer, for example, a programmable I/O port R2 of the single-chip microcomputer. When the output of the Hall sensor is high voltage, for example, 12V, no differential pressure exists between the anode and the cathode of the light emitting diode, and the light emitting diode is turned off. The output terminal 4 of the photoelectric isolation module is in a high-voltage state, the output of the phototriode of the photoelectric isolation module is VCC, and VCC is a 5V direct current power supply. Preferably, the optoisolator module OK1 is PC817.

The second conditioning circuit comprises a photoelectric isolation module OK2, a voltage dividing resistor and a pull-up resistor. Preferably, the optoelectronic isolation module OK2 includes a light emitting diode and a phototransistor, and the phototransistor is turned on when the light emitting diode emits light. The voltage dividing resistor comprises a first voltage dividing resistor R13 and a second voltage dividing resistor R14, wherein the first end of the first voltage dividing resistor R13 is connected to a 12V direct current power supply, and the 12V direct current power supply is the output of the power supply adapting module. The second end of the first voltage dividing resistor R13 is connected to the positive electrode of the light emitting diode of the photoelectric isolation module OK2, the first end of the second voltage dividing resistor R14 is connected to the negative electrode of the light emitting diode of the photoelectric isolation module OK2, and the second end of the second voltage dividing resistor R14 is connected to the grounding end (X4-3) of the Hall sensor; the negative electrode of the light emitting diode is also connected to the output terminal (X2-3) of the Hall sensor. The first end of the pull-up resistor R16 is connected to VCC, and the second end of the pull-up resistor R16 is connected to the output end of the optoisolation module OK2, that is, the output end of the phototransistor. The output end 4 of the light-operated transistor is connected to a single-chip microcomputer, for example, a programmable I/O port R1 of the single-chip microcomputer. When the output of the Hall sensor is high voltage, for example, 12V, no differential pressure exists between the anode and the cathode of the light emitting diode, and the light emitting diode is turned off. The output terminal 4 of the photoelectric isolation module OK2 is in a high-voltage state, the output of the phototriode of the photoelectric isolation module is VCC, and VCC is a 5V direct current power supply. Preferably, the optoisolator module OK2 is PC817.

After the output of the first conditioning circuit and the output of the second conditioning circuit are connected to the singlechip, the singlechip judges the direction of the rotating speed according to the phase relation of the output. And calculating the rotating speed of the first host according to the signal period of the output of the first conditioning circuit or the output of the second conditioning circuit.

The third conditioning circuit comprises a photoelectric isolation module OK3, a voltage dividing resistor and a pull-up resistor. Preferably, the optoelectronic isolation module comprises a light emitting diode and a phototriode, and when the light emitting diode emits light, the triode is conducted. The voltage dividing resistor comprises a first voltage dividing resistor R17 and a second voltage dividing resistor R18, wherein the first end of the first voltage dividing resistor R17 is connected to a 12V direct current power supply, and the 12V direct current power supply is the output of the power supply adapting module. The second end of the first voltage dividing resistor R17 is connected to the anode of the light emitting diode of the photoelectric isolation module OK3, the first end of the second voltage dividing resistor R18 is connected to the cathode of the light emitting diode of the photoelectric isolation module OK3, and the second end of the second voltage dividing resistor R12 is connected to the grounding end (X4-4) of the Hall sensor; the negative electrode of the light emitting diode is also connected to the output terminal (X3-2) of the Hall sensor. The first end of the pull-up resistor R21 is connected to VCC, and the second end of the pull-up resistor R21 is connected to the output end of the optoelectronic isolation module, that is, the output end of the phototransistor. The output end 4 of the light-operated transistor is connected to a single-chip microcomputer, for example, a programmable I/O port L2 of the single-chip microcomputer. When the output of the Hall sensor is high voltage, for example, 12V, no differential pressure exists between the anode and the cathode of the light emitting diode, and the light emitting diode is turned off. The output terminal 4 of the photoelectric isolation module is in a high-voltage state, the output of the phototriode of the photoelectric isolation module OK3 is VCC, and VCC is a 5V direct current power supply. Preferably, the optoisolator module OK3 is PC817.

The fourth conditioning circuit comprises a photoelectric isolation module OK4, a voltage dividing resistor and a pull-up resistor. Preferably, the optoelectronic isolation module OK4 includes a light emitting diode and a phototransistor, and the phototransistor is turned on when the light emitting diode emits light. The voltage dividing resistor comprises a first voltage dividing resistor R19 and a second voltage dividing resistor R20, wherein the first end of the first voltage dividing resistor R19 is connected to a 12V direct current power supply, and the 12V direct current power supply is the output of the power supply adapting module. The second end of the first voltage dividing resistor R19 is connected to the anode of the light emitting diode of the photoelectric isolation module OK4, the first end of the second voltage dividing resistor R20 is connected to the cathode of the light emitting diode of the photoelectric isolation module OK4, and the second end of the second voltage dividing resistor R20 is connected to the grounding end (X4-5) of the Hall sensor; the negative electrode of the light emitting diode is also connected to the output terminal (X3-3) of the Hall sensor. The first end of the pull-up resistor R22 is connected to VCC, and the second end of the pull-up resistor R22 is connected to the output end of the optoisolation module OK4, that is, the output end of the phototransistor. The output end 4 of the light-operated transistor is connected to a single-chip microcomputer, for example, a programmable I/O port L1 of the single-chip microcomputer. When the output of the Hall sensor is high voltage, for example, 12V, no differential pressure exists between the anode and the cathode of the light emitting diode, and the light emitting diode is turned off. The output terminal 4 of the photoelectric isolation module OK4 is in a high-voltage state, the output of the phototriode of the photoelectric isolation module is VCC, and VCC is a 5V direct current power supply. Preferably, the optoisolator module OK4 is PC817.

After the output of the third conditioning circuit and the output of the fourth conditioning circuit are connected to the singlechip, the singlechip judges the direction of the rotating speed according to the phase relation of the output. And calculating the rotating speed of the second host according to the signal period of the output of the third conditioning circuit or the output of the fourth conditioning circuit. The first host is a right host, and the second host is a left host.

The singlechip is located rotational speed measurement terminal, and the conditioning circuit is located rotational speed measurement terminal. The output end of the Hall sensor is connected to an I/O port of the singlechip, such as a programmable I/O port. That is, the output end of the Hall sensor is connected to the I/O port of the singlechip through the conditioning circuit, for example, R2, R1, L2 and L1. The electrical connection terminals X2-1 and X3-1 of the rotating speed measuring terminal are connected to a 12V direct current power supply through cables, namely the output of the power supply adapting module. The electrical terminals X2-4, X3-4 of the rotation speed measurement terminal are connected to the ground of the hall sensor.

Specifically, it can be described that the first end of the first voltage dividing resistor R11 of the first conditioning circuit and the first end of the first voltage dividing resistor R13 of the second conditioning circuit are both connected to the 12V dc power supply through the electrical connection terminal X2-1; the ground wire of the Hall sensor connected with the first conditioning circuit and the ground wire of the Hall sensor connected with the second conditioning circuit are grounded through an electric connection terminal X2-4 of the rotating speed measuring terminal.

The first end of the first dividing resistor R17, which can be described as a third conditioning circuit, and the first end of the second conditioning circuit first dividing resistor R19 are both connected to a 12V dc power supply through an electrical connection terminal X3-1. The ground wire of the Hall sensor connected with the third conditioning circuit and the ground wire of the Hall sensor connected with the fourth conditioning circuit are grounded through an electric connection terminal X3-4 of the rotating speed measuring terminal.

The indicator lamp of the rotation speed measurement terminal is connected to a 12V direct current power supply through a wiring terminal X4-1 of the rotation speed measurement terminal.

The AVCC terminal of the singlechip of the rotation measurement terminal is connected to a +5V direct current power supply, and the GND terminal of the singlechip is grounded; the system programmable terminal of the singlechip comprises MOSI, MISO, SCK, RST, and the four terminals are respectively connected to corresponding positions of the SV1 terminal of the rotating speed measurement terminal and used for a system updating program. The CSJ60 is suspended. The RXD terminal of the singlechip and the TXD terminal of the singlechip are respectively connected to the interface conversion module, for example, a serial port of the interface conversion module. The singlechip INTO interface is connected with the singlechip T1 interface in parallel, wherein INT0 is external interrupt input 0 and is used as an interrupt event, so that the counter 1 is started and stopped. The interface of the singlechip INT1 is connected with the interface of the singlechip T0 in parallel, wherein INT1 is an external interrupt input 1 and is used as an interrupt event, so that the counter 0 is started and stopped. VCC terminal of singlechip, including first VCC terminal and second VCC terminal, two VCC terminals all are connected to 5V DC power supply. The capacitor C1, the capacitor C2 and the crystal oscillator Q1 form an external oscillating circuit of the singlechip, the first end of the capacitor C1 is connected to the first end of the crystal oscillator Q1, and the first end of the capacitor C2 is connected to the second end of the crystal oscillator Q1. The first end of the capacitor C1 and the first end of the crystal oscillator Q1 are connected to an external crystal oscillator input terminal PB6 of the singlechip, the first end of the capacitor C2 and the second end of the crystal oscillator Q1 are connected to an external crystal oscillator input terminal PB7 of the singlechip, and the second end of the capacitor C1 and the second end of the capacitor C2 are grounded. The GND terminals of the singlechip, for example, the first GND terminal, the second GND terminal, and the third GND terminal are all grounded. Preferably, the ground wire of the singlechip is collinear with the ground wire of the rotating speed measurement terminal.

The circumferential side part of the gear is provided with a Hall sensor, and the periodic rotation of the gear is used as the input of the Hall sensor to obtain the voltage waveform output by the Hall sensor; preferably, the method of setting the hall sensor is described with reference to the measuring system according to the utility model. Preferably, when the gear rotates, the tooth top and the tooth bottom of the gear alternately pass through the Hall sensor. The change in rotation of the gear is indicated by a change in output voltage of the hall sensor. Preferably, since the tooth tips and the tooth bottoms of the gears alternate through the hall sensor, a periodically varying voltage waveform is generated at the hall sensor output. The output voltage of the hall sensor is shown below,

U＝kBI

wherein I is a control current which is connected to opposite sides of the hall element and is obtained by a 12V dc power supply, and I is a fixed value, and is related to the type of the hall sensor selected. B is the magnetic induction intensity of a magnetic field where the Hall sensor is positioned, the magnetic induction intensity B is changed by gear rotation, and the magnetic field direction is orthogonal to the current direction; the output voltage U of the hall sensor is proportional to the product of the control current I and the magnetic induction B, where k is a constant. Two-channel hall elements are required for each rotation speed measurement. The two hall element output signals are out of phase with each other, wherein the phase difference is 10 ° -40 °, preferably 20 °, for distinguishing the direction of rotation of the gears. Preferably, the red distance of the gears is uniform.

The tooth pitch of the gear is uniform, and the time interval T that the same side edge of two adjacent teeth on the gear rotates past the Hall sensor is recorded. As shown in fig. 3, the thick solid line represents the voltage waveform output by the hall sensor, and the thin solid line represents the single-chip microcomputer clock signal.

The time interval T is measured by the clock signal of the singlechip, and the specific steps are as follows:

preferably, the singlechip clock between two adjacent voltage rising edges is counted by the singlechip to obtain a period T of a voltage waveform, which is specifically described as follows:

T＝CT _c

wherein C represents clock count obtained by the singlechip, T _c Representing the clock period of the singlechip.

Preferably, the sensor output waveform is a square wave of 0-12V, with a large difference in output signal peak area, which is the result of non-uniform gear tooth top edges.

Preferably, the period of the voltage waveform output by the hall sensor is T, the peak value and the valley value of the output voltage waveform signal have significant differences, and whether a certain tooth of the gear rotates past the hall sensor is judged by two values of the threshold value. Preferably, the rise time of the voltage waveform signal obtained by the oscilloscope is less than t _r 。

Assume the exact moment t of detection ₀ Located at the central position of the rising edge, t ₀ ＜t _r The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the In the actual detection process, the position of the rising edge detection time t randomly changes from the valley value to the peak value, so that errors caused by inaccurate rising edge measurement are introduced, and the expression is as follows:

the rotation speed measurement precision is analyzed, and the measurement precision error of the output waveform period of the Hall sensor is a second error; ensuring that the total error of the rotating speed measurement precision is less than or equal to (2-3) rpm;

preferably, when the host rotates at a constant speed, the time interval T is a period of a hall voltage waveform, so that the host rotation speed v can be obtained, and the expression is as follows:

v＝60/(N·T)

wherein, T can be read from a register corresponding to T0 or T1 of the singlechip, and N represents the number of teeth of the gear;

specifically, the expression of the first host rotational speed v1 is as follows:

V1＝60/(N1·T ₁ )

wherein T is ₁ The data can be read from a register corresponding to T1 of the singlechip, and N1 represents the number of teeth of a first gear of the first host;

the second host rotational speed v2 expression is as follows:

V2＝60/(N2·T ₀ )

wherein T is ₀ The data can be read from a register corresponding to T0 of the singlechip, and N represents the number of teeth of a second gear of the second host;

therefore, 4 hall elements are required to be driven in total, and 4 output signals are received. Fig. 4 is a circuit diagram of a hall sensor drive and conditioning circuit, and in fig. 4, VCC is +12v dc power supply to the sensor. R15, R21, R16 and R22 are pull-down resistors of 10kΩ. When the Hall device is turned on, the output voltage of the Hall sensor corresponding to the Hall device is 0V. When the hall element is turned off, the output voltage of the hall sensor corresponding thereto is 12V. The circuit diagram of the rotating speed measuring terminal is shown in fig. 5, and the output signals of the sensor are connected into programmable I/O ports (PC 4, PC5, PD4 and PD 5) of the single-chip microcomputer, and corresponding pins of the single-chip microcomputer are 27, 28, 2 and 9) to be used as input signals of a counter of the single-chip microcomputer. Considering the program upgrade and system reset requirements, the singlechip peripheral circuit provides JTAG programming ports (corresponding singlechip pins 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5) and reset key signals (corresponding singlechip pin 29).

The controller of the rotation speed measurement terminal uses an ATMEGA328 single chip. The flow chart of the software in the singlechip is shown in fig. 6. Initializing a timer/counter, setting the working mode as a timer, selecting a signal source of the timer, and determining the timer interrupt signal source as PC4 and PD4. When the signal source generates edge jump, the timer is triggered by interruption, the built-in program of the singlechip reads the time interval between two edges from the register of the timer of the singlechip, and the rotating speed of the host is calculated.

Preferably, the working frequency of the singlechip is f ₁ MHz. If the rotation speed of the host machine is N rpm and the number of teeth of the gear is N, the period of the output waveform of the Hall sensorWaveform period TIn seconds. The measurement accuracy error delta of the output waveform period of the hall sensor ₂ Is that

Here, the measurement accuracy error of the hall sensor output waveform period is the second error;

according to the first error delta ₁ And a second error delta ₂ The expression for obtaining the total error delta of the rotation speed measurement precision is

Preferably, the accuracy requirement for measuring the rotation speed of a main engine of a certain type of ship is 3rpm, and the rotation speed meets the accuracy requirement. And the measurement result of the rotating speed measurement terminal is transmitted through a serial port of the singlechip.

S4, calculating exclusive OR values of all ASCII characters between two characteristic characters ($and X) so as to realize checksum verification of the data content of the segment and complete packaging of rotating speed data to be transmitted;

preferably, the rotational SPEED data format is shown in table 1, and a piece of actual data content, for example, "$speed,361,392×4b", is shown in table 1.

Table 1 rotational speed data transmission format (modification table)

S5: the interface conversion module and the interface of the passive optical network are configured, and the obtained rotating speeds of the first gear and the second gear are transmitted to the upper computer through the rotating speed measurement terminal;

preferably, an interface conversion module is configured to only allow an authorized host to access, wherein the authorized host is an authorized upper computer; the rotation speed measurement terminal is connected into a passive optical network of the ship, such as a fixed interface of a GPON network, through an interface conversion module; preferably, a fixed interface of the optical fiber subscriber unit in the GPON network is configured; at the position

The fixed interface binds the IP address and the MAC address of the interface conversion module and configures an access control list; the interface conversion module is here configured with static IP.

Transmitting the obtained rotating speed of the first gear and the rotating speed of the second gear to an upper computer through a rotating speed measuring terminal;

preferably, the interface conversion module may be a serial port-to-internet port conversion card. To avoid illegal access and modification within the lan, the interface conversion module configures access control lists, such as IP grants, network listening ports, and network data distribution destination addresses and ports. Under this configuration, the interface conversion module allows only the authorizing host to communicate with itself. Meanwhile, the rotation speed release server continuously operates, the network port of the interface conversion module is kept in an occupied state, and the network port of the interface conversion module is prevented from being illegally used for transmitting other sensitive data. So configured for reliable transmission and distribution of rotational speed data.

First, IP address and MAC binding is performed, thereby preventing ARP repudiation and forgery. (2) Meanwhile, the ACL is configured to realize flow control and prevent illegal flow.

Through the configuration, an authorized user can conveniently browse the rotation speed of the host computer in the ship local area network; an illegal user cannot obtain rotation speed data through all levels of restriction; the rotating speed measuring terminal cannot cause abnormality due to illegal large flow.

Finally, in order to avoid accidental loss, the utility model can also backup the related configuration files, thereby facilitating the quick recovery of the configuration of the conversion card. Preferably, after configuration, the configuration file is exported for local or network storage and backup.

The display module of the upper computer circularly reads message data from the network port of the upper computer according to a first time interval t 1; the message data is the rotating speed data transmitted to the upper computer;

preferably, the network port of the upper computer is connected to the network port of the interface conversion module through a network cable.

Preferably, the timer of the upper computer starts a cycle, reads message data from the internet access,

the upper computer shows that the Hall sensor is in a working state, and the sensor state indicator lamp is set to be green; verifying the checksum of the message data to determine the communication quality between the upper computer and the rotating speed measuring terminal; if the checksum is correct, the communication quality is good, the message is available, and the communication state indicator lamp is set to be green. If the checksum is wrong, the message has a problem, the communication quality is judged to be bad, the message is discarded, and the communication state indicator lamp is set to be not gray. The tachometer head is arranged on a display module of the upper computer. And refreshing the tachometer header data. Judging whether to stop the program according to the user's demand? If the user needs to stop the program, ending the flow; if the user does not need to stop the program, continuing to read the message. In the process of reading the message, judging whether the message is not successfully read for 3 continuous times. If no data is read for 3 consecutive times, i.e. if 3 consecutive times of reading fails, the sensor status indicator is set to gray, and the program is stopped according to the requirement of the user.

If the user does not request to stop the program, the next cycle of reading the data is continued.

The upper computer starts the rotation speed release server, sets an access control list in the rotation speed release server, and only allows the authorized user, for example, the terminal of the authorized user to access the rotation speed data.

Preferably, the present utility model uses a rotational speed distribution server for network distribution of host rotational speed data. The IP address of the authorized user is written into the access permission list of the access control list of the rotation speed distribution server. In the actual use process, the authorized user can read the rotation speed of the host computer only by opening the browser on the terminal.

According to the utility model, the Hall sensor is used for measuring the rotating speed of the main engine, the stainless steel mounting bracket is arranged on the outer side of the first gear of the ship main engine, and the double-channel Hall sensor is fixed on the bracket. The distance between the Hall sensor and the tooth tip is 5mm. The Hall sensor is driven by a direct current power supply, the power supply voltage is 12V, and the output part outputs a digital signal by adopting direct current of 5V.

Authorized access to rotational speed data is achieved through three steps. First, only the authorized host is allowed to access by configuring the interface conversion module. Second, the rotation speed distribution server configures an access control list) to allow only authorized users to access the rotation speed data. Thirdly, the rotation speed measurement terminal is connected to a fixed interface of the ship GPON passive optical network. The ACL is configured by binding the IP address and the MAC address at the interface.

In order to avoid illegal access and modification in the local area network, the serial port-network port conversion card is configured with IP authorization, a network monitoring port and a network data release destination address and port. Under this configuration file, the switch card only allows the host in which the authorization program resides to communicate with the switch card. Meanwhile, the network release program continuously runs, the network port is kept in an occupied state, and the network port is prevented from being illegally used to transmit other sensitive data. By means of the scheme, the rotating speed data are reliably transmitted and distributed.

Finally, in order to avoid accidental loss, the utility model backs up the related configuration files, and is convenient and quick to restore the configuration of the conversion card. The IP address of the authorized user is filled in the allowed access list of the server. The user only needs to open the browser to read the rotation speed of the host.

When the optical fiber user unit in the GPON network is configured, static IP is configured for the interface conversion module, and IP address and MAC binding is performed, so that ARP repudiation and counterfeiting are prevented. Meanwhile, the access control list is configured to realize flow control, so that illegal flow is prevented.

Through the configuration, an authorized user can conveniently browse the rotation speed of the host computer in the ship local area network; an illegal user cannot obtain rotation speed data through all levels of restriction; the rotating speed measuring terminal cannot cause abnormality due to illegal large flow.

In the description of the present utility model, it should be noted that the azimuth or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", etc. are based on the azimuth or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are merely for convenience of describing the present utility model and simplifying the description, and are not indicative or implying that the apparatus or element in question must have a specific azimuth, be constructed and operated in a specific azimuth, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present utility model. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

In the description of the present utility model, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; the communication may be direct or indirect through an intermediate medium, or may be internal to two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present utility model will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art. Furthermore, in the description of the present utility model, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "at least three" is two or more.

The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the utility model is not intended to limit the utility model to the precise form disclosed, and any such modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the utility model are intended to be included within the scope of the utility model.

Claims (10)

1. The ship double-host rotating speed measuring system based on the Hall sensor is characterized by comprising the Hall sensor, a power supply, a rotating speed measuring terminal and an interface conversion module;

the ship main engine comprises a first main engine and a second main engine; the first gear is connected to a first main machine shaft of the first main machine, the second gear is connected to a second main machine shaft of the second main machine, and the gears are rotatably supported through the respective main machine shafts;

the Hall sensors comprise a first Hall sensor, a second Hall sensor, a third Hall sensor and a fourth Hall sensor, and the Hall sensors are respectively connected to a power supply through cables; the Hall sensors are respectively connected to a fixed platform on the ship body through fixed brackets, and the fixed brackets comprise a first fixed bracket and a second fixed bracket;

the first Hall sensor and the second Hall sensor are supported by a first fixed bracket; the first Hall sensor and the second Hall sensor are positioned in the same plumb plane; measuring the rotating speed of the first gear through a first Hall sensor and/or a second Hall sensor, and measuring the rotating direction of the first gear through the phase difference of the first Hall sensor and the second sensor; the first Hall sensor and the second Hall sensor are matched to measure the direction of the rotating speed of the first host;

the third Hall sensor and the fourth Hall sensor are supported by a second fixed bracket; the third Hall sensor and the fourth Hall sensor are positioned in the same vertical plane, the rotation speed of the second gear is measured through the third Hall sensor and/or the fourth Hall sensor, and the rotation direction of the second gear is measured through the phase difference of the third Hall sensor and the fourth Hall sensor;

the Hall sensor is connected to the built-in singlechip of the rotating speed measuring terminal through respective conditioning circuits, the singlechip is connected to the interface conversion module through serial ports to send the rotating speed value to the interface conversion module through serial ports, the conversion between the serial ports and the network ports is completed through the interface conversion module, and the rotating speed data is accessed into the shipboard network system through the network ports.

2. The hall sensor based marine dual-host rotational speed measurement system of claim 1, wherein the power source is a dc power source.

3. The hall sensor-based marine dual main engine rotational speed measurement system of claim 1, wherein the hall sensor is disposed radially laterally of the first gear and the second gear.

4. The hall sensor-based marine dual-host rotational speed measurement system of claim 1, wherein the first hall sensor is located above the second hall sensor and the axis of the first hall sensor is located in the same horizontal plane as the axis of the first host shaft; the third hall sensor is located the top of fourth hall sensor and the axis of third hall sensor and the axis of second host shaft are located same horizontal plane, effectively avoid long-term monitoring in-process, because the hall sensor that the vibration arouses drops and bring the teeth of a cogwheel damage and avoid the problem that the daily maintenance that brings when hall sensor mounted position is too low.

5. The hall sensor-based marine dual-host rotational speed measurement system of claim 1, wherein a phase difference exists between the output signal of the first hall sensor and the output signal of the second hall sensor to distinguish the first gear rotational direction; there is a phase difference between the output signal of the third hall sensor and the output signal of the fourth hall sensor to distinguish the rotation direction of the second gear.

6. The hall sensor-based marine dual-host rotational speed measurement system of claim 1, wherein the power source is a power source adapter module connected to a 220V ac power source to convert 220V ac power to 12V dc power to power the hall sensor.

7. The hall sensor-based marine dual-host rotation speed measurement system of claim 1, wherein the conditioning circuit comprises a photo-isolation module, a voltage dividing resistor and a pull-up resistor, the photo-isolation module comprises a light emitting diode and a phototransistor, wherein the voltage dividing resistor comprises a first voltage dividing resistor and a second voltage dividing resistor, and wherein a first end of the first voltage dividing resistor is connected to a 12V dc power supply; the second end of the first voltage dividing resistor is connected to the anode of the light emitting diode of the photoelectric isolation module, the first end of the second voltage dividing resistor is connected to the cathode of the light emitting diode of the photoelectric isolation module, and the second end of the second voltage dividing resistor is connected to the grounding end of the Hall sensor; the negative electrode of the light-emitting diode is also connected to the output end of the Hall sensor; the output end of the light-operated three-stage tube is connected to the singlechip.

8. The hall sensor based marine dual-host rotational speed measurement system of claim 7, wherein a first end of the pull-up resistor is connected to a 5V dc power supply, and a second end of the pull-up resistor is connected to an output of the opto-isolation module.

9. The ship double-host rotation speed measurement system based on the Hall sensor according to claim 1, wherein the capacitor C1, the capacitor C2 and the crystal oscillator Q1 form an external oscillation circuit of the single-chip microcomputer, the first end of the capacitor C1 is connected to the first end of the crystal oscillator Q1, the first end of the capacitor C2 is connected to the second end of the crystal oscillator Q1, the first end of the capacitor C1 and the first end of the crystal oscillator Q1 are both connected to a first external crystal oscillator input terminal of the single-chip microcomputer, the first end of the capacitor C2 and the second end of the crystal oscillator Q1 are both connected to a second external crystal oscillator input terminal of the single-chip microcomputer, and the second end of the capacitor C1 and the second end of the capacitor C2 are grounded.

10. The hall sensor-based marine dual-host rotation speed measurement system according to claim 1, wherein the ground wire of the single-chip microcomputer is collinear with the ground wire of the rotation speed measurement terminal.