CN219800250U - Fire detector special for electrical cabinet - Google Patents
Fire detector special for electrical cabinet Download PDFInfo
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- CN219800250U CN219800250U CN202321337965.0U CN202321337965U CN219800250U CN 219800250 U CN219800250 U CN 219800250U CN 202321337965 U CN202321337965 U CN 202321337965U CN 219800250 U CN219800250 U CN 219800250U
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 37
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a special fire detector for an electrical cabinet, which comprises a flame detection module, an electric arc detection module, a singlechip and a CAN communication circuit, wherein the flame detection module is connected with the singlechip; the arc detection module comprises a current detection and conversion network, a first-stage feedback amplification network, a second-stage feedback amplification network and a third-stage feedback amplification network; the signal output end of the pyroelectric infrared sensor is connected with the non-inverting input end of the second transimpedance amplifier, the output end of the second transimpedance amplifier is connected with the non-inverting input end of the primary amplifier, the output end of the primary amplifier is connected with the input end of the voltage follower, the output end of the voltage follower is connected with the input end of the secondary amplifier, and the output end of the secondary amplifier is connected with the other signal input pin of the singlechip; and a communication pin of the singlechip is connected with a CAN communication circuit. The utility model meets the requirement of the complex detection environment of the electrical cabinet on the installation space, and realizes that the detector can detect fire in a diversified way and acquire fire data quickly and accurately.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of fire detectors, in particular to a fire detector special for an electrical cabinet.
Background
According to the safety protection of rail transit vehicles and the vehicle-mounted fire alarming, fireproof and fire extinguishing loading experience of the last thirty years, by combining the running characteristics of vehicles, the electric appliance cabinet, the low-voltage box, the air-conditioning cabinet and other places with dense cable arrangement and temperature measurement, passenger rooms, cabins and the like of the vehicles are easy to cause fire, equipment, cables, terminals and other places which are easy to age and cause risks are provided with proper early warning and fire alarm equipment, so that the fire is restrained in a sprouting stage.
The fire disaster of the electric box and cabinet is complex, and the internal electric appliances belong to high-current, high-voltage and strong electromagnetic field devices. In the early stage of fire, smoke generated by smoldering of cables or devices exists; the high temperature generated by overcurrent, circuit and device aging can raise the temperature of the main circuit; the arc can be generated due to aging of the circuit, and the arc can instantly emit extremely strong visible light (more than 10000 lx) and strong heat radiation, so that the arc, thunder and surge can possibly become a fire cause.
Most detectors in the current market have single function detection and are divided into:
1. smoke type fire detector for detecting smoke in environment only;
2. flame type fire detector which detects only the flame in the environment;
3. the temperature type fire detector is used for detecting the temperature in the environment;
above-mentioned three single function type's detector, comparatively complicated environment in electric box, the cabinet, the detection mode is comparatively single, can not be fast, accurate judgement condition of a fire, and the complicated surplus space of consumer is less in the vehicle electric cabinet, is unfavorable for installing the fire detector of multiple function single type.
To sum up, the analysis: according to the complex environment in the electrical cabinet, whether the fire detector can detect fire in a diversified manner and can rapidly and accurately perform effective alarm becomes a key of success or failure of the detector while meeting the requirement of the installation space.
The detection circuits of fire detectors commonly used in the market at present are divided into: a front-stage proportional amplifier, a second-stage band-pass filter, a third-stage proportional amplifier and a fourth-stage proportional amplifier. The proportional amplification is to amplify the current signal, and the band-pass filter is used for realizing the passing of the specific signal and the filtering of the interference signal.
Common circuits for detecting residual arcing are: when different illumination intensities are provided, the electric arc detector can present different resistance values, and then can be converted into voltage signals with different amplitudes, and the detection host can quickly capture the generation of the electric arc by combining with the AD conversion of the singlechip, so that an alarm signal is generated.
According to the analysis, when the flame of the single light source is detected, the flame is easy to be interfered by the environment, the single light source is easy to be mistakenly reported, the flame detection data is inaccurate, and the detected environment cannot be accurately and stably detected; and the residual arc is detected, the light detector adopts a photoresistor as a detection element, is easily interfered by ambient light, and cannot accurately and stably detect the detected environment due to inaccurate arc detection data.
In summary, aiming at the complex environment in the electrical cabinet, the existing fire detector cannot accurately monitor the fire situation, so that the requirement of quick and accurate alarming in the electrical cabinet cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the utility model aims to provide the special fire detector for the electrical cabinet, which meets the requirement of an installation space in a complex detection environment of the electrical cabinet, can detect fire in a diversified manner, and can rapidly and accurately perform effective alarm.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model provides a special fire detector for an electrical cabinet, which comprises a flame detection module, an electric arc detection module, a singlechip and a CAN communication circuit;
the arc detection module comprises a current detection and conversion network, a first-stage feedback amplification network, a second-stage feedback amplification network and a third-stage feedback amplification network;
the current detection and conversion network comprises a current detection unit, a voltage bias unit and a current-voltage conversion unit which are sequentially connected; the current detection unit acquires an optical signal by adopting a UV photosensitive diode, the current voltage conversion unit adopts a transimpedance amplifier to amplify the signal and convert the optical signal into an electric signal, the output end of the transimpedance amplifier is connected with a first-stage feedback amplification network to amplify the signal at one stage, a second-stage feedback amplification network and a third-stage feedback amplification network of the first-stage feedback amplification network are sequentially connected, and the output end of the third-stage feedback amplification network is connected with one input pin of the singlechip;
the flame detection module comprises a pyroelectric infrared sensor and an amplifying circuit connected with the pyroelectric infrared sensor, wherein the signal output end of the pyroelectric infrared sensor is connected with the in-phase input end of a second transimpedance amplifier, the output end of the second transimpedance amplifier is connected with the in-phase input end of a primary amplifier, the output end of the primary amplifier is connected with the input end of a voltage follower, the output end of the voltage follower is connected with the input end of a secondary amplifier, and the output end of the secondary amplifier is connected with the other signal input pin of the singlechip; and a communication pin of the singlechip is connected with a CAN communication circuit.
Further preferably, the device further comprises an ultraviolet sensor, wherein a signal output end of the ultraviolet sensor is connected with the singlechip.
Further preferably, the temperature sensor is further included, and the temperature sensor is connected with the singlechip.
Further preferably, the pyroelectric infrared sensor employs a 3.8 μm and 4.3 μm dual band infrared sensor.
Compared with the prior art, the special fire detector for the electrical cabinet disclosed by the utility model has the advantages that the multiple parameters such as smoke, temperature, electric arc and flame are comprehensively detected, so that the diversity of detection modes of the detector is optimized, and the special fire detector is better applied to the complex environment of the electrical cabinet; and by comprehensively judging various parameters, the influence of the special detector for the electrical cabinet caused by dust, interference light, environmental radiation and other factors is effectively reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a fire detector special for an electrical cabinet according to the present utility model.
Fig. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of an arc detection module according to the present utility model.
FIG. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of a flame detection module according to the present utility model.
Detailed Description
The utility model is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
As shown in FIG. 1, the embodiment of the utility model provides a fire detector special for an electrical cabinet, which comprises a flame detection module, an electric arc detection module, a singlechip and a CAN communication circuit.
The arc detection module comprises a current detection and conversion network, a first-stage feedback amplification network, a second-stage feedback amplification network and a third-stage feedback amplification network;
the current detection and conversion network comprises a current detection unit, a voltage bias unit and a current-voltage conversion unit which are sequentially connected; the current detection unit acquires optical signals by adopting a UV photosensitive diode, the current voltage conversion unit amplifies signals by adopting a transimpedance amplifier and converts the optical signals into electric signals, the output end of the transimpedance amplifier is connected with a first-stage feedback amplification network for carrying out first-stage amplification, and a second-stage feedback amplification network and a third-stage feedback amplification network of the first-stage feedback amplification network are sequentially connected.
As shown in fig. 2, the current detection unit includes a UV photodiode D1, a first capacitor C1, a third capacitor C3, and a first reference resistor R3, where an anode of the UV photodiode D1 is connected to one end of the third capacitor C3, and the other end of the third capacitor C3 is connected to a non-inverting input end of the transimpedance amplifier, and a cathode of the UV photodiode D1 is grounded;
the first resistor R1, the fourth resistor R4 and the fourth capacitor C4 form a voltage bias unit for providing bias voltage for a transimpedance amplifier of the current-voltage conversion unit; the resistor R2, the resistor R5 and the transimpedance operational amplifier U1A form the conversion from photocurrent to voltage signal; the two ends of the conversion resistor R5 are connected with a damping capacitor C6 in parallel to prevent oscillation, and the conversion resistor R5 is connected between the inverting end and the output end of the exaggeration amplifying circuit; the conversion resistor R5, the feedback resistor R2 and the second capacitor C2 are connected in series, and the other end of the second capacitor C2 is grounded; the output end of the exaggeration amplifying circuit U1A is connected in series with a blocking capacitor C7, the blocking capacitor C7 is connected in series with a reference resistor R6 to the ground, and the connector of the blocking capacitor C7 and the reference resistor R6 is connected to the non-inverting input end of the first-stage proportional amplifier U1B;
the seventh resistor R7, the ninth capacitor C9, the eighth resistor R8, the eighth capacitor C8 and the first amplifier U1B form a first-stage feedback amplification network of the signal; the tenth resistor R10, the twelfth capacitor C12, the eleventh resistor R11, the eleventh capacitor C11 and the second amplifier U1C form a second-stage feedback amplification network of the signal; the thirteenth capacitor C13 is a filter capacitor, filters high-frequency signals in the operational amplification circuit, and reduces the influence of interference signals on detection; the thirteenth resistor R13, the sixteenth capacitor C16, the fourteenth resistor R14, the fifteenth capacitor C15 and the third amplifier U1D form a third-stage feedback amplification network of signals, and the amplification of the quart output voltage is realized within the acquisition range of the singlechip. The seventh capacitor C7, the tenth capacitor C10 and the fourteenth capacitor C14 are all blocking capacitors, which is beneficial to the transmission of low-frequency signals.
In the circuit shown in fig. 2, the damping capacitance takes a value of 30pF to 100pF, and is selected according to the amplification factor; the value range of the conversion resistor is 1MΩ -20 MΩ, and the value of the feedback resistor is 100kΩ -500 kΩ; the quart-resistance amplifier and the proportional amplifier adopt four paths of operational amplifiers, the operational amplifier adopts the requirement Rail-to-Rail, and GBW is not less than 1MHz.
The flame detection module comprises a pyroelectric infrared sensor D1 and an amplifying circuit connected with the pyroelectric infrared sensor D1, wherein the amplifying circuit comprises a second transimpedance amplifier U2A, a primary amplifier U2B, a voltage follower U2C and a secondary amplifier U2D;
the signal output end of the pyroelectric infrared sensor D1 is connected with the in-phase input end of a second transimpedance amplifier U2A, the output end of the second transimpedance amplifier U2A is connected with the in-phase input end of a primary amplifier U2B, the output end of the primary amplifier U2B is connected with the input end of a voltage follower U2C, the output end of the voltage follower U2C is connected with the input end of a secondary amplifier U2D, and the output end of the secondary amplifier U2D is connected with a signal input pin of a singlechip.
As shown in fig. 3, the flame detection receiving circuit comprises a current limiting resistor R201, a capacitor C201 and an energy storage capacitor C202 which are connected in series, a pyroelectric infrared sensor power supply end, a sensor grounding end connected with the ground, a sensor signal output end connected in parallel with an RC noise reduction circuit, a blocking capacitor C205 and a reference resistor R206 are connected in series to an operational amplifier non-inverting input end, and a bias circuit is connected in series with the reference resistor R206; the two ends of the conversion resistor R207 are connected with the damping capacitor R208 in parallel to prevent oscillation, the conversion resistor R207 is connected between the inverting end and the output end of the exaggeration amplifying circuit, the feedback resistor R204 is connected with the filter capacitor in series, one end of the feedback resistor R204 is connected with the conversion resistor R207, and the other end of the feedback resistor R204 is grounded; the output end of the exaggeration amplifying circuit is connected in series with the blocking capacitor C209 and the feedback resistor R209, the bias circuit is connected in series with the reference resistor R210 and is connected with the non-inverting input end of the first-stage proportional amplifying circuit, and the inverting input end and the output end of the operational amplifier are connected in parallel with the reference resistor R212 and the feedback capacitor C211; the resistor R213 and the filter capacitor C212 form an RC filter circuit, the RC filter circuit and the first-stage proportional amplification output end are connected in series with the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier, and the inverting input end is connected with the output end to form a voltage follower; the output end of the follower is connected with a blocking capacitor C213, the blocking capacitor C213 and a reference resistor R215 are connected in series to the ground, and the blocking capacitor C213 and the reference resistor R215 are connected to the non-inverting input end of the second-stage proportional amplifier; the reverse input end and the output end are connected in parallel with a reference resistor R216 and a feedback capacitor C214, one end of the feedback resistor C214 is connected in series with the reference resistor R216, and the other end is grounded; the second pole proportion amplifying output end is connected to the acquisition end of the singlechip.
In the circuit shown in FIG. 3, the value of the damping capacitor is 0.1 mu F-10 mu F, and the damping capacitor is selected according to the amplification factor; the value range of the conversion resistor is 1MΩ -20 MΩ, and the value of the feedback resistor is 100kΩ -500 kΩ; the quart-resistance amplifier and the proportional amplifier adopt four paths of operational amplifiers, the operational amplifier adopts the requirement Rail-to-Rail, and GBW is not less than 1MHz.
The singlechip selects a series of chips of GD32F 107.
CAN transceiver with model TJA1040T is selected as CAN communication circuit
The ultraviolet sensor is connected with the operational amplifier for signal amplification, the operational amplifier is connected with the singlechip, the singlechip regularly collects the output voltage of the receiving circuit, and the amplitude of the electric arc is judged according to the change rule of the output voltage.
Because the intelligent electric cabinet safety inspection device is installed in the electric cabinet, the safety that grids exist around the electric cabinet and electric equipment of the electric cabinet needs to be detected by vehicle maintenance personnel in a regular electrified mode is considered, the intelligent electric cabinet safety inspection device collects ambient light intensity in real time through the photoresistors, and data obtained after the photoresistors are combined with signals collected by the ultraviolet sensors to be judged through the singlechip are more accurate, false alarm caused by strong light irradiation can be effectively reduced, and the stability of products is improved.
According to the utility model, the intermediate infrared is detected by adopting the 3.8 mu m and 4.3 mu m dual-band infrared sensors, the singlechip periodically collects the output voltage of the receiving circuit, and the singlechip is used for comprehensively judging the fire condition and effectively filtering interference signals by combining the real-time data collected by the 3.8 mu m and 4.3 mu m dual-band infrared sensors and the actual fire data and comprehensively analyzing the data in a time domain and a frequency domain, so that the real-time state in the electric cabinet is stably and accurately detected.
The smoke particle is detected by adopting double light sources, the smoke concentration and particles are judged by adopting a scattering principle, the detector drives the two light sources according to a specified time sequence to emit photocurrents, the singlechip periodically collects the output voltage of the receiving circuit in a driving time period, and the variety of the particles is judged by detecting the change rule of the voltage.
Because the refractive indexes generated by different particles are different, the output voltage of the singlechip acquisition and receiving circuit can effectively distinguish dust (large particles) and smoke (small particles), and the interference of the large particles on detection is effectively reduced, so that false alarm is reduced.
The temperature sensor is fixed on the outside of the detector by adopting a fastening structure, so that the radiation temperature sensing is changed into contact temperature sensing, and the temperature detection speed is improved.
It is apparent that the above examples are given by way of illustration only and are not limiting of the embodiments. Other variations or modifications of the above teachings will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. It is not necessary here nor is it exhaustive of all embodiments. While still being apparent from variations or modifications that may be made by those skilled in the art are within the scope of the utility model.
Claims (4)
1. The special fire detector for the electrical cabinet is characterized by comprising a flame detection module, an electric arc detection module, a singlechip and a CAN communication circuit;
the arc detection module comprises a current detection and conversion network, a first-stage feedback amplification network, a second-stage feedback amplification network and a third-stage feedback amplification network;
the current detection and conversion network comprises a current detection unit, a voltage bias unit and a current-voltage conversion unit which are sequentially connected; the current detection unit acquires an optical signal by adopting a UV photosensitive diode, the current voltage conversion unit adopts a transimpedance amplifier to amplify the signal and convert the optical signal into an electric signal, the output end of the transimpedance amplifier is connected with a first-stage feedback amplification network to amplify the signal at one stage, a second-stage feedback amplification network and a third-stage feedback amplification network of the first-stage feedback amplification network are sequentially connected, and the output end of the third-stage feedback amplification network is connected with one input pin of the singlechip;
the flame detection module comprises a pyroelectric infrared sensor and an amplifying circuit connected with the pyroelectric infrared sensor; the signal output end of the pyroelectric infrared sensor is connected with the in-phase input end of a second transimpedance amplifier, the output end of the second transimpedance amplifier is connected with the in-phase input end of a primary amplifier, the output end of the primary amplifier is connected with the input end of a voltage follower, the output end of the voltage follower is connected with the input end of a secondary amplifier, and the output end of the secondary amplifier is connected with the other signal input pin of the singlechip;
and a communication pin of the singlechip is connected with a CAN communication circuit.
2. The fire detector special for electrical cabinets according to claim 1, further comprising an ultraviolet sensor, wherein a signal output end of the ultraviolet sensor is connected with the single chip microcomputer after being connected with the operational amplifier.
3. The special fire detector for electrical cabinets according to claim 1, further comprising a temperature sensor, wherein the temperature sensor is connected with the single-chip microcomputer.
4. The fire detector for electrical cabinets according to claim 1, wherein the pyroelectric infrared sensor is a 3.8 μm and 4.3 μm dual band infrared sensor.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202321337965.0U CN219800250U (en) | 2023-05-29 | 2023-05-29 | Fire detector special for electrical cabinet |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202321337965.0U CN219800250U (en) | 2023-05-29 | 2023-05-29 | Fire detector special for electrical cabinet |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN219800250U true CN219800250U (en) | 2023-10-03 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202321337965.0U Active CN219800250U (en) | 2023-05-29 | 2023-05-29 | Fire detector special for electrical cabinet |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN219800250U (en) |
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2023
- 2023-05-29 CN CN202321337965.0U patent/CN219800250U/en active Active
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