CN219777548U - Thermal conductivity measuring device - Google Patents
Thermal conductivity measuring device Download PDFInfo
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- CN219777548U CN219777548U CN202321231267.2U CN202321231267U CN219777548U CN 219777548 U CN219777548 U CN 219777548U CN 202321231267 U CN202321231267 U CN 202321231267U CN 219777548 U CN219777548 U CN 219777548U
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- thermal conductivity
- temperature sensor
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- cold end
- measured
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Abstract
The utility model relates to a thermal conductivity measuring device which is used for measuring the thermal conductivity of a material to be measured, wherein the material to be measured is positioned in a vacuum chamber and is provided with a cold end and a hot end, the cold end is provided with a cold end temperature sensor and a cooling device, and the hot end is provided with a hot end temperature sensor and a heating device; the vacuum chamber is provided with a thermometer and a heating power supply outside, the cold end temperature sensor and the hot end temperature sensor are electrically connected with the thermometer, and the heating power supply is electrically connected with the heating device. According to the thermal conductivity measuring device, the thermal conductivity of the material to be measured at different temperatures can be obtained by changing the cooling capacity provided by the cooling device and the heating power of the heating device.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of material thermal conductivity measurement, in particular to a thermal conductivity measurement device.
Background
In the linear accelerator, the superconducting module is used as a minimum accelerating unit, and the accelerator body is formed in a serial manner. The low-temperature pipelines in the superconducting modules can be divided into three types according to temperature areas: 2K, 4K and 45K lines. One end of the cold guide piece is connected with pipelines in different temperature areas to serve as cold sources, and the other end of the cold guide piece is connected with structural elements in the superconducting module, so that cold is transferred, and the superconducting module elements are operated at the designed temperature. The heat conductivity of the cold guide directly affects whether the superconducting module element can normally operate or not and affects the power consumption of the whole superconducting module, so that it is important to accurately measure the heat conductivity of the cold guide.
In the prior art, a steady state method is generally adopted to measure the thermal conductivity of a material, and the principle is that the thermal conductivity of a sample is calculated from the heat flux density, the temperature difference at two sides and the thickness of the sample according to a one-dimensional steady state Fourier thermal conduction model by utilizing the equilibrium state that the heat transfer rate is equal to the heat dissipation rate in the steady heat transfer process.
However, the conventional steady state method measurement device does not consider the power loss of the wire set (i.e., the control cable), the heat loss is large, and the thermal conductivity at different temperatures cannot be obtained.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims to provide a thermal conductivity measuring device which is used for reducing heat loss during measurement and obtaining thermal conductivity of a material to be measured at different temperatures.
Based on the above object, the present utility model provides a thermal conductivity measuring device for measuring thermal conductivity of a material to be measured, where the material to be measured is located in a vacuum chamber, the material to be measured has a cold end and a hot end, the cold end is provided with a cold end temperature sensor and a cooling device, and the hot end is provided with a hot end temperature sensor and a heating device; the vacuum chamber is provided with a thermometer and a heating power supply outside, the cold end temperature sensor and the hot end temperature sensor are electrically connected with the thermometer, and the heating power supply is electrically connected with the heating device.
Further, the heating device is a heating belt, and the heating belt is wound on the hot end so as to heat the hot end.
Further, the cooling device comprises a cooling pipe, and a cooling object is led into the cooling pipe to cool the cold end.
Further, the cooling device further comprises a heat anchor, the heat anchor is sleeved outside the cooling pipe, and the cooling pipe is fixed at the cold end through the heat anchor.
Further, the heat anchor comprises a first fixing plate and a second fixing plate which are detachably connected, an accommodating space for accommodating the cooling pipe is formed between the first fixing plate and the second fixing plate, and the first fixing plate is fixedly connected with the cold end.
Further, a heat insulating layer is arranged on the outer side of the material to be tested.
Further, a first accommodating hole for accommodating the cold end temperature sensor is formed in the cold end, and a second accommodating hole for accommodating the hot end temperature sensor is formed in the hot end.
Further, the heating device is connected with the heating power supply, the thermometer is connected with the cold end temperature sensor and the hot end temperature sensor through four-wire control cables.
Further, a cold screen is arranged in the vacuum chamber, and the material to be tested is positioned in the cold screen.
Further, a programmable logic controller and a computer are arranged outside the vacuum chamber, the temperature meter and the heating power supply are both in communication connection with the programmable logic controller, and the programmable logic controller is in communication connection with the computer.
According to the thermal conductivity measuring device, the thermal conductivity of the material to be measured at different temperatures can be obtained by changing the cooling capacity provided by the cooling device and the heating power of the heating device; the material to be tested is placed in the vacuum chamber and the cold screen, so that the heat radiation of the material to be tested at room temperature can be reduced, and the error is reduced; the heating device is connected with the heating power supply, the cold end temperature sensor and the hot end temperature sensor are connected with the thermometer through four-wire control cables, so that heat loss can be reduced; the temperature of the material to be measured can be remotely controlled through the PLC and the computer, and the heat conductivity at each temperature can be calculated.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a thermal conductivity measuring device according to an embodiment of the present utility model;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of a heat anchor of a thermal conductivity measuring device according to an embodiment of the present utility model;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a material to be measured of a thermal conductivity measurement device according to an embodiment of the present utility model;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a thermal conductivity measurement device according to an embodiment of the present utility model, after fixing a material to be measured with a cooling device.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present utility model will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present utility model provides a thermal conductivity measuring apparatus for measuring thermal conductivity of a material 100 to be measured, wherein the material 100 to be measured is located in a vacuum chamber 200, and heat radiation of the material 100 to be measured at room temperature can be reduced because heat is not substantially transferred in high vacuum, thereby reducing measurement errors; the material to be measured 100 is provided with a cold end 110 and a hot end 120, wherein the cold end 110 is provided with a cold end temperature sensor 130 for monitoring the temperature of the cold end 110 of the material to be measured 100 in real time, the hot end 120 is provided with a hot end temperature sensor 140 for monitoring the temperature of the hot end 120 of the material to be measured in real time, the hot end 120 is also provided with a heating device 150 for heating the hot end 120, and the cold end 110 is also provided with a cooling device 160 for cooling the cold end 110 of the material to be measured 100; the vacuum chamber 200 is externally provided with a thermometer 300 and a heating power supply 400, the thermometer 300 is respectively and electrically connected with the cold end temperature sensor 130 and the hot end temperature sensor 140, and is used for receiving signals acquired by the cold end temperature sensor 130 and the hot end temperature sensor 140 and converting the signals into specific temperature values of the cold end 110 and the hot end 120, and the thermometer 300 can be also set to display temperature and a state report in real time; the heating power supply 400 is electrically connected to the heating device 150, and is used for supplying power to the heating device 150 to heat the hot end 120.
In some embodiments, the heating device 150 may be a heating tape wound around the hot side 120 to heat the hot side 120.
In some embodiments, cooling device 160 may include a cooling tube 161, where cooling tube 161 is in communication with a cold source (not shown) that passes a coolant (e.g., liquid nitrogen) into cooling tube 161 to cool cold end 110.
In some embodiments, the cooling device 160 further comprises a heat anchor 162, which is sleeved outside the cooling tube 161, and the heat anchor 162 is fixed at the cold end 110 of the material 100 to be tested, so that, on one hand, the cooling tube 161 can be fixed at the cold end 110 by the heat anchor 162, and on the other hand, the cold energy of the cooling tube 161 can be transferred to the cold end 110 by the heat anchor 162, so as to cool the cold end 110.
As shown in fig. 2, the heat anchor 162 may include a first fixing plate 1621 and a second fixing plate 1622 detachably coupled, each of the first fixing plate 1621 and the second fixing plate 1622 being semicircular, and forming an accommodating space 1623 therebetween for accommodating the cooling tube 161 therein. The first fixing plate 1621 is provided with two first screw holes 1624, as shown in fig. 3, the cold end 110 of the material 100 to be tested is provided with two second screw holes 111, and the two first screw holes 1624 are respectively matched with the two second screw holes 111, so that the first fixing plate 1621 is connected with the cold end 110 of the material 100 to be tested by bolts.
As shown in fig. 4, after the fixing, the first fixing plate 1621 and the second fixing plate 1622 are both sleeved outside the cooling tube 161, and the cooling tube 161 is located in the accommodating space 1623, so as to be clamped and fixed by the first fixing plate 1621 and the second fixing plate 1622, and the first fixing plate 1621 is fixed at the cold end 110 of the material 100 to be measured. When the first fixing plate 1621 is required to be detached, the first fixing plate 1621 may be detached from the material 100 to be tested, the second fixing plate 1622 may be detached from the first fixing plate 1621, and the first fixing plate 1621 and the second fixing plate 1622 may be removed.
In some embodiments, a thermal insulation layer 170 may be provided on the outside of the material under test 100 to reduce heat loss of the material under test 100, so that the measurement result is more accurate.
As shown in fig. 3, a first receiving hole 112 may be further provided on the cold end 110 for receiving the cold end temperature sensor 130, so that the cold end temperature sensor 130 is fixed to the cold end 110. The hot side 120 is provided with a second receiving hole 121 for receiving the hot side temperature sensor 140 so as to be fixed at the hot side 120.
In some embodiments, the heating device 150 is connected to the heating power supply 400, and the thermometer 300 is connected to the cold end temperature sensor 130 and the hot end temperature sensor 140 through the four-wire control cable 500, and the four-wire control cable 500 can eliminate the resistance error of the cable itself, does not occupy the power of the heating belt, has less heat loss, and thus reduces the measurement error.
In some embodiments, the vacuum chamber 200 is provided with a cold shield 210, the material 100 to be measured is located in the cold shield 210, and the cold shield 210 can reduce heat loss of the material 100 to be measured, and reduce heat radiation of the material 100 to be measured at room temperature, so as to reduce measurement errors.
As shown in fig. 1, the thermal conductivity measuring apparatus may further include a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) 600 and a computer 700, and the thermometer 300 and the heating power supply 400 are connected to the PLC 600 through communication lines, respectively, and the PLC 600 is connected to the computer 700 through communication lines. PLC 600 is configured to receive temperature values of cold side 110 and hot side 120 transmitted by thermometer 300 and to vary the temperatures of cold side 110 and hot side 120 by controlling the heating power of heating power supply 400. The computer 700 is configured to receive temperature values of the cold end 110 and the hot end 120 transmitted by the PLC 600, and calculate thermal conductivities of the material 100 to be measured at different temperatures according to the temperature values using the fourier heat conduction law.
The thermal conductivity is calculated using the law of fourier heat conduction, which means that the amount of heat conducted per unit time through a given cross-section is proportional to the rate of change of temperature and the cross-sectional area in the direction perpendicular to that cross-section, while the direction of heat transfer is opposite to the direction of temperature rise, during heat conduction.
In some embodiments, the thermal conductivity of the material under test 100 may be calculated by the following formula:
q＝λ(T 2 -T 1 )S/L
where q is the heating power of the heating power supply 400, λ is the thermal conductivity, S is the cross-sectional area of the structure between the cold end temperature sensor 130 and the hot end temperature sensor 140, L is the distance between the cold end temperature sensor 130 and the hot end temperature sensor 140, and T 2 Representing the temperature value, T, monitored by the hot side temperature sensor 140 1 Representing the temperature value monitored by the cold side temperature sensor 130.
The use method of the thermal conductivity measuring device of the utility model is as follows:
the temperature of the cooling device 160 is adjusted to maintain the constant amount of cold supplied to the cold end 110, and then the power of the heating power supply 400 is sequentially set to different values (e.g., 0W, 5W, 15W, etc.), at each power value, the temperature values monitored by the cold end temperature sensor 130 and the hot end temperature sensor 140 are gradually changed due to the heat transfer, and the equilibrium is reached (i.e., the monitored temperature values are not changed any more and reach a stable value), so that a stable temperature value (i.e., a stable T) of the cold end temperature sensor 130 and the hot end temperature sensor 140 at each power is obtained through the thermometer 300 1 And T 2 ) Then, the thermal conductivity of the material 100 to be measured under different powers can be calculated by the above formula, and under a certain power, the temperature of the material 100 to be measured is t= (T 1 +T 2 ) 2T at different powers 1 And T 2 All are different, so that the temperature of the corresponding material 100 to be measured is also different, that is, by changing the heating power, the thermal conductivity of the material 100 to be measured at different temperatures can be obtained.
The calculation process of the thermal conductivity can be completed in the computer 700, after the thermal conductivity of the material 100 to be measured is calculated, the computer 700 can also fit the thermal conductivity and the temperature, for example, the thermal conductivity of the material 100 to be measured is fitted by adopting a least square method, so as to obtain a relationship curve of the thermal conductivity of the material 100 to be measured, which is changed along with the temperature, the relationship curve of the thermal conductivity of the metal with known RRR (i.e. the residual electrical conductivity of the metal) value is compared with the relationship curve of the thermal conductivity of the metal with the temperature, and the RRR value corresponding to the closest relationship curve of the thermal conductivity of the material 100 to be measured can be used as the RRR value of the material 100 to be measured, thereby obtaining the RRR value of the material 100 to be measured. RRR values can be used to represent the purity of the metal.
T 1 And T 2 The value of (2) can be achieved by changing the cooling capacity provided by the cooling device 160 and the heating power of the heating power supply 400, and in actual measurement, the cooling capacity provided by the cooling device 160 can be adjusted first, then kept unchanged, and then the heating power of the heating power supply 400 is changed, so as to obtain the thermal conductivity of the material 100 to be measured at different temperatures, or the heating power of the heating power supply 400 can be set first, and then the cooling capacity provided by the cooling device 160 is changed, so as to obtain the thermal conductivity of the material 100 to be measured at different temperatures. In some embodiments, the temperature T of the material 100 to be measured may be any value between 1K and 300K.
According to the thermal conductivity measuring device provided by the embodiment of the utility model, the thermal conductivity of the material 100 to be measured at different temperatures can be obtained by changing the cooling capacity provided by the cooling device 160 and the heating power of the heating device 400; placing the material 100 to be tested in the vacuum chamber 200 and the cold screen 210 can reduce the heat radiation of the material 100 to be tested at room temperature, thereby reducing errors; the heating device 150 is connected with the heating power supply 400, and the cold end temperature sensor 130, the hot end temperature sensor 140 and the thermometer 300 are connected through the four-wire control cable 500, so that heat loss can be reduced; the temperature of the material 100 to be measured can be remotely controlled by the PLC 600 and the computer 700, and the thermal conductivity at each temperature can be calculated.
The foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present utility model, and various modifications can be made to the above-described embodiment of the present utility model. All simple, equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the claims and the specification of this application fall within the scope of the patent claims. The present utility model is not described in detail in the conventional art.
Claims (10)
1. The heat conductivity measuring device is used for measuring the heat conductivity of a material to be measured, and is characterized in that the material to be measured is positioned in a vacuum chamber and provided with a cold end and a hot end, wherein the cold end is provided with a cold end temperature sensor and a cooling device, and the hot end is provided with a hot end temperature sensor and a heating device; the vacuum chamber is provided with a thermometer and a heating power supply outside, the cold end temperature sensor and the hot end temperature sensor are electrically connected with the thermometer, and the heating power supply is electrically connected with the heating device.
2. The thermal conductivity measurement device according to claim 1, wherein the heating device is a heating tape wound around the hot end to heat the hot end.
3. The thermal conductivity measurement device according to claim 1, wherein the cooling device comprises a cooling tube through which a coolant is passed to cool the cold end.
4. A thermal conductivity measurement device according to claim 3, wherein the cooling device further comprises a heat anchor, the heat anchor being sleeved outside the cooling tube, the cooling tube being secured to the cold end by the heat anchor.
5. The thermal conductivity measurement apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the heat anchor comprises a first fixing plate and a second fixing plate detachably connected, a receiving space for receiving the cooling tube is formed between the first fixing plate and the second fixing plate, and the first fixing plate is fixedly connected to the cold end.
6. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein an insulating layer is provided on the outer side of the material to be measured.
7. The thermal conductivity measurement device according to claim 1, wherein the cold end is provided with a first accommodation hole for accommodating the cold end temperature sensor, and the hot end is provided with a second accommodation hole for accommodating the hot end temperature sensor.
8. The thermal conductivity measurement device of claim 1, wherein the heating device and the heating power supply and the thermometer are connected to the cold side temperature sensor and the hot side temperature sensor by four-wire control cables.
9. The thermal conductivity measurement device according to claim 1, wherein a cold shield is provided in the vacuum chamber, and the material to be measured is located in the cold shield.
10. The device for measuring thermal conductivity according to claim 1, wherein a programmable logic controller and a computer are further provided outside the vacuum chamber, the thermometer and the heating power supply are both in communication connection with the programmable logic controller, and the programmable logic controller is in communication connection with the computer.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202321231267.2U CN219777548U (en) | 2023-05-19 | 2023-05-19 | Thermal conductivity measuring device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202321231267.2U CN219777548U (en) | 2023-05-19 | 2023-05-19 | Thermal conductivity measuring device |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN219777548U true CN219777548U (en) | 2023-09-29 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202321231267.2U Active CN219777548U (en) | 2023-05-19 | 2023-05-19 | Thermal conductivity measuring device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN219777548U (en) |
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2023
- 2023-05-19 CN CN202321231267.2U patent/CN219777548U/en active Active
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