CN219758516U - Optical fiber dosimeter based on ZnS coating - Google Patents
Optical fiber dosimeter based on ZnS coating Download PDFInfo
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- CN219758516U CN219758516U CN202320101819.1U CN202320101819U CN219758516U CN 219758516 U CN219758516 U CN 219758516U CN 202320101819 U CN202320101819 U CN 202320101819U CN 219758516 U CN219758516 U CN 219758516U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses an optical fiber dosimeter based on ZnS coating, which comprises an optical fiber probe and a shell, wherein the optical fiber probe is a white light fiber with one end provided with the ZnS coating, a photoelectric conversion device and a current measurement module are arranged in the shell, the input end of the photoelectric conversion device is connected with the white light fiber, and the output end of the photoelectric conversion device is connected with the current measurement module. The dosimeter probe of the utility model has long-term irradiation stability; dosimeters have excellent tissue equivalence; znS has high luminous efficiency, low dosage lower limit and high precision; the method can be used for occasions such as Flash radiotherapy with ultra-high dosage rate, and the like, and avoids the saturation effect of a gas ionization chamber; by adjusting the blending ratio of ZnS (Ag) and epoxy resin, the luminous yield of the probe can be controlled, so that the optical fiber dosimeter based on ZnS coating can be used for measuring the ultra-high dose rate of Flash and the like and the lower dose rate of brachytherapy and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of metering equipment, and particularly relates to an optical fiber dosimeter based on ZnS coating.
Background
Dose refers to the energy deposited by ionizing radiation in a mass of matter, and accurate measurement of the dose is a prerequisite for ionizing radiation application. Dosimeters useful for dose measurement in radiation therapy are numerous and fall broadly into 2 categories: cumulative dosimeters and real-time dosimeters.
For the cumulative measurement, there are mainly a pyroelectric dose sheet, a photo-luminescent dose sheet, a film, a gel dosimeter, and the like. The cumulative dosimeter is generally convenient to use and has low requirements on the surrounding environment. In particular, film dosimeters and gel dosimeters and the like can be used for measurement of three-dimensional dose distribution, which is of great interest in dose verification for complex treatment plans. However, the biggest problem of such dosimeters is that they cannot make real-time measurements, nor can they obtain real-time information of the dose rate. This makes such dosimeters generally only useful for verification and quality control analysis of treatment plans.
For real-time measurement, the three types of dosimeters, namely a gas ionization chamber, a semiconductor and a scintillator, are classified according to detection media. The gas ionization chamber is the most commonly used dosimeter at present, and is also the standard for metering and tracing in international standards. However, with the development of advanced radiotherapy technology, the small fields involved in the radiotherapy process are more and more common, and the ionization chamber has a large volume, so that measurement with high position resolution cannot be performed. Besides, the working principle of the ionization chamber is to collect electrons and ions, and because of the slow movement speed of gas molecular ions, when the dosage rate is higher, a stronger space charge effect is formed in the sensitive volume of the detector, so that the dosimeter is saturated, and finally the dosimeter is not suitable for being applied to ultra-high dosage rate scenes such as Flash radiotherapy and the like. The semiconductor detector has the greatest advantages of high position resolution which can reach the mu m level compared with a gas ionization chamber, but the conventional silicon semiconductor detector has the problems of irradiation intolerance, anisotropy, poor tissue equivalence and the like. While the disadvantages of the silicon dosimeter are overcome in various aspects for the novel diamond semiconductor dosimeter, the cost is high, and the novel diamond semiconductor dosimeter is difficult to widely use at present.
Compared with an ionization chamber and a semiconductor dosimeter, the scintillator dosimeter has balanced performance in the aspects of cost, tissue equivalence, precision, irradiation resistance and the like. The scintillator dosimeter generally comprises a working power supply (1), a readout circuit board (2), a scintillator (5), a white light fiber (4), a photoelectric conversion device (3) and a weak current measuring device (such as Pi Anbiao (6)), and the structure of the scintillator dosimeter is shown in fig. 1. Wherein the scintillator is excited by the radiation to emit photons, the number of photons being proportional to the energy deposited in the scintillator; the photons are transmitted to the photoelectric conversion device through the white light fiber; the working current of the photoelectric conversion device is proportional to the number of entered photons; the purpose of energy of radiation deposition in the scintillator can be achieved by measuring the working current of the photoelectric conversion device through a weak current device, namely: the purpose of measuring the dose.
The scintillator dosimeter has a simple structure, and the used devices or materials can be purchased directly, so that a radiotherapy physical engineer can design and use the scintillator dosimeter according to needs in some radiotherapy research centers. However, for such dosimeters, there is a problem of optical coupling between the scintillator and the white light fiber, which requires that the scintillator having a diameter of 1mm and a length of several mm be glued to the white light fiber by optical coupling glue. This requires both mechanical stability and flatness of the end faces of the scintillator and the white fiber to achieve maximum light transmission performance. In addition, in the scintillators commonly used at present, plastic scintillators are widely adopted because of good tissue equivalence, but have low luminous efficiency, so that the sensitivity of the dosimeter is reduced; while for other inorganic crystals, their tissue equivalence is poor.
In summary, the prior art scintillation fiber dosimeter has the following 2 problems with respect to probes:
(1) Coupling problem: the existing manufacture of the scintillation fiber dosimeter involves the coupling of a scintillator and a white light fiber, and the coupling effect directly influences the collection of light so as to influence the dose measurement. The coupling process needs to be optimized, and different scintillators need to be adjusted according to the properties of the scintillators;
(2) Scintillator processing and performance issues: (1) the scintillator needs to be processed into a tiny crystal cylinder with the diameter and the length of only a few millimeters, and the end face generally needs to have a flat section; (2) the organic scintillators such as plastic scintillators have poor luminous performance, while inorganic crystals have poor tissue equivalence.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems to be solved are as follows: aiming at the technical problems, the utility model provides the optical fiber dosimeter based on the ZnS coating, which avoids the optical coupling problem of a scintillator and a white light fiber, avoids the cutting and polishing problems of small crystals with the length of several mm and has good tissue equivalence.
The technical scheme is as follows: the optical fiber dosimeter based on the ZnS coating comprises an optical fiber probe and a shell, wherein the optical fiber probe is a white light fiber with one end provided with the ZnS coating, a photoelectric conversion device and a current measurement module are arranged in the shell, the input end of the photoelectric conversion device is connected with the white light fiber, and the output end of the photoelectric conversion device is connected with the current measurement module.
Preferably, a light-shielding layer is arranged on the outer surface of the ZnS coating.
Further, the light-shielding layer is made of a black heat-shrinkable tube.
Preferably, the ZnS coating has a thickness of less than 50 μm.
Preferably, the shell is provided with a current/voltage reading port, a standby interface, a working voltage interface and an optical fiber inlet.
The beneficial effects are that: the probe of the dosimeter of the utility model made of ZnS (Ag) coating has long-term irradiation stability, znS (Ag) powder is directly mixed with epoxy resin glue to form a curable ZnS (Ag) colloid with adhesiveness, which is directly adhered on the surface of scintillation fiber. The coupling glue and the scintillator in the traditional optical fiber dosimeter structure are integrated, so that the problem of optical coupling between the scintillator and the white light fiber is avoided; znS (Ag) is an inorganic crystal, and has high luminous efficiency and good irradiation resistance. After being mixed with epoxy resin glue, znS powder is directly adhered to the surface of the optical fiber, so that the problems of cutting and polishing of small crystals with the length of several mm are avoided; znS (Ag) has high luminous efficiency, and the probe has high sensitivity only by adding a very small amount of ZnS powder into the epoxy resin adhesive, namely: the main component of the radiation luminous medium is still organic matters such as epoxy resin glue; the epoxy resin glue mixed with ZnS is only tens of microns, so that the probe takes organic matters such as plastics, epoxy resin and the like as a main body, and the tissue equivalence of the dosimeter is good;
the position resolution of the dosimeter is determined by the length of the coating, and the typical value is less than or equal to 1mm; in terms of tissue equivalence, znS (Ag) coating is very thin and less than 50 μm, and is mainly determined by surrounding medium and plastic optical fiber, so that the ZnS (Ag) coating has excellent tissue equivalence; znS has high luminous efficiency, low dosage lower limit and high precision;
the light-emitting decay time of ZnS (Ag) is only 200ns, and the light can be rapidly deactivated after the radiation energy is absorbed, so that the dosimeter probe based on ZnS (Ag) coating can be used for occasions such as Flash radiotherapy with ultra-high dosage rate, and the saturation effect of a gas ionization chamber is avoided. In addition, by adjusting the mixing ratio of ZnS (Ag) and epoxy resin, the luminous yield of the probe can be controlled, so that the optical fiber dosimeter based on ZnS (Ag) coating can be used for measuring the ultra-high dose rate of Flash and the like and the lower dose rate of brachytherapy and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art scintillator dosimeter structure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an optical fiber dosimeter based on ZnS coating according to the utility model;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of a fiber optic probe of the present utility model;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a photodiode active weak current amplification circuit;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the housing of the present utility model;
FIG. 6 is a schematic prototype block diagram of a ZnS-coated optical fiber dosimeter of the utility model;
FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of a schematic prototype test of a ZnS-coated optical fiber dosimeter of the utility model;
FIG. 8 is a schematic prototype test results graph of a ZnS coating-based optical fiber dosimeter of the utility model;
number in the figure: 1. the photoelectric sensor comprises a working power supply, 2 parts of a reading circuit board, 3 parts of a photoelectric conversion device, 4 parts of a white light fiber, 5 parts of a scintillator, 6 parts of a picoammeter, 7 parts of an optical fiber probe, 8 parts of a ZnS coating, 9 parts of a shell, 9-1 parts of a current/voltage reading port, 9-2 parts of a standby interface, 9-3 parts of a working voltage interface, 9-4 parts of an optical fiber inlet, 10 parts of a current measuring module, 11 parts of a light shielding layer.
Description of the embodiments
The technical scheme of the utility model is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Examples
Referring to fig. 2, an optical fiber dosimeter based on ZnS coating comprises an optical fiber probe 7 and a shell 9, wherein the optical fiber probe 7 is a white light fiber 4 with one end provided with ZnS coating 8, a photoelectric conversion device 3 and a current measurement module 10 are arranged in the shell 9, and one end of the white light fiber 4 with ZnS coating 8 is placed under a ray field for converting a ray signal into an optical signal; the other end of the white optical fiber 4 is connected with the input end of the photoelectric conversion device 3 in the shell 9 through an optical fiber inlet 9-4, and transmits an optical signal to the photoelectric conversion device 3; the output end of the photoelectric conversion device 3 is connected with the current measurement module 10, converts the optical signal into an electric signal and performs measurement. The shell 9 has two functions, namely, mechanical support and fixation are provided for the optical fiber probe 7, the photoelectric conversion device 3 and the current measurement module 10; secondly, a light-shielding environment is provided, so that the measured optical signal only depends on the optical signal generated by the ZnS coating and is irrelevant to the external optical environment.
1.1 Manufacture of optical fiber probe
(1) ZnS (Ag) powder produced by EJ company, model EJ600, weighing a proper amount of ZnS (Ag) powder by using a balance; note that the content of ZnS (Ag) directly determines the sensitivity of the fabricated fiber dosimeter probe (also related to the choice of optoelectronic device), so the specific weight is chosen according to the actual requirements;
(2) the optical epoxy resin adhesive produced by EJ company is selected, the model is EJ500, and the epoxy resin adhesive is weighed according to the weight ratio of 1:10; the weight of the optical epoxy resin glue is determined by the number of probes to be manufactured;
(3) adding ZnS (Ag) powder into epoxy resin gel, stirring thoroughly, standing for 15-30min until bubbles in the gel disappear, or removing gas mixed in the gel by using a vacuum defoaming barrel;
(4) selecting GH-4001 plastic optical fiber produced by Mitsubishi company, and removing the black light-shielding layer; note that the length of the black light-shielding layer removed is determined by the actual requirements, and the length determines the position resolution of the scintillation fiber dosimeter;
(5) an epoxy resin glue mixed with ZnS (Ag) scintillator powder is smeared on one end of the white light fiber 4; the ZnS coating 8 adhered to one end of the white light fiber 4 is distributed in an ellipsoidal shape due to the surface tension of the liquid; in order to make ZnS on the white optical fiber 4 in axisymmetric distribution, the white optical fiber 4 is placed vertically downward and is waiting for solidification (about 24 hours);
(6) a black heat shrink tube is sleeved on the ZnS coating 8 and heated to form a light shielding layer 11. A schematic structural diagram of the fiber optic probe 7 is shown in fig. 3.
1.2 selection of photoelectric conversion device and Current measurement Module
ZnS (Ag) has high luminous efficiency, so the dosimeter can select a photoelectric conversion device (such as a photomultiplier tube and a silicon-based photomultiplier tube) without a light signal amplifying function, and select a Photodiode (PD) with extremely low dark current (< 10 nA), such as: the pinosylvin PIN photodiode S1223-01. The diode has low working voltage and low requirement on stability of bias voltage because of no function of photon amplification, which is convenient for portability of the PD-based reading device;
since ZnS (Ag) has high luminous efficiency and the measured radiation intensity is 1Gy/min level, the working current of the photodiode can reach mu A level, so that the working current of the photodiode is read by adopting a transimpedance mode, and the circuit diagram is shown as figure 4, and the output voltage V is measured out The purpose of weak current measurement is achieved. Besides the design of the weak current measuring method shown in fig. 4, the working current of the PD can be directly measured based on mature commercial weak current measuring devices such as a nanoampere meter or a picoampere meter, so that the development process of the dosimeter is simplified.
1.3 Design of shell
In order to shield the interference of external light and electromagnetic wave and simultaneously facilitate the temperature control of the photoelectric conversion device 3, a metal shell 9 needs to be processed, and the shell 9 has the following three interfaces: the optical fiber inlet 9-4, the photoelectric conversion device working voltage interface 9-3 and the current/voltage reading port 9-1, wherein the current/voltage reading port 9-1 is a leakage current reading port or an amplifying circuit output voltage port, and a standby interface 9-2 is further arranged, and based on the functional requirements of the ports, the structural schematic diagram of the shell 9 is shown in fig. 5.
Examples
A principle model machine of a ZnS-coating-based optical fiber dosimeter is built based on existing instruments and equipment in a laboratory, and the test is performed based on an existing small animal radiotherapy machine in the laboratory. Fig. 6 is a block diagram of a principle prototype. Wherein, X-rays are emitted by a small animal radiotherapy simulation positioning machine, the ZnS coating optical fiber probe adopts the optical fiber probe 7 manufactured by the manufacturing method in the embodiment 1, wherein ZnS (Ag) powder is 1g, epoxy resin glue is 10g, and the length of the black light-shielding layer removed is 3mm; the photoelectric conversion device is a Binsong S13360-3025CS SiPM, the working power supply is a RIGOL DP831A linear low-voltage power supply, and the Pitay meter 6 is Keithley 6485 model.
The operation voltage of the photoelectric conversion device was set to 58V by placing the scintillation fiber optic probe 7 under an X-ray machine, and the test schematic diagram of the photoelectric conversion device 3 and the picocell 6 outside the X-ray machine was shown in fig. 7. The current intensity of the X-ray machine and the output dosage are in a linear proportional relation, and the larger the current is, the stronger the output ray is. Different working current intensities of the X-ray machine are set, and different ray dose rates are obtained. The measurement results are shown in fig. 8 with the radiation dose rate as the abscissa and the photodiode output current as the ordinate. The black square point in the figure is the measurement result of the ZnS coating-based optical fiber dosimeter, the upper curve in the figure is a linear fitting curve, the fitting result is shown in the table in figure 8, and the linearity R is shown in the table 2 At 0.997, it can be seen that the dosimeter has a very excellent linearity over a dose rate range of 100-450 cGy/min.
To compare the luminescence intensity of the prototype, the dotted line in fig. 8 gives the measurement results of a scintillation fiber dosimeter with a 3mm long plastic scintillator as the radiation emitting material. As can be seen, znS is used as the radiation detection medium, and the optical coupling advantage of the optical fiber probe and the high luminous intensity of ZnS are achieved, so that the working current of the optical fiber probe is about 3 orders of magnitude of that of a plastic scintillator dosimeter. This gives ZnS-based probes an advantage in terms of low dose rate measurements. The measurement result shows that the dosimeter can be used for measuring the dosage rate in clinical radiotherapy, and has the possibility for occasions with low dosage rate such as body surface dosage monitoring in brachytherapy due to higher sensitivity.
The embodiments of the present utility model are all preferred embodiments of the present utility model, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present utility model in this way, therefore: all equivalent changes in structure, shape and principle of the utility model should be covered in the scope of protection of the utility model.
Claims (5)
1. An optical fiber dosimeter based on ZnS coating, characterized in that: the optical fiber detection device comprises an optical fiber probe (7) and a shell (9), wherein the optical fiber probe (7) is a white light fiber (4) with a ZnS coating (8) at one end, a photoelectric conversion device (3) and a current measurement module (10) are arranged in the shell (9), the input end of the photoelectric conversion device (3) is connected with the white light fiber (4), and the output end of the photoelectric conversion device (3) is connected with the current measurement module (10).
2. A ZnS-coated optical fiber dosimeter according to claim 1, wherein: the ZnS coating (8) is provided with a light-shielding layer (11) on the outer surface.
3. A ZnS-coated optical fiber dosimeter according to claim 2, wherein: the light-shielding layer (11) is made of black heat shrinkage tubes.
4. A ZnS-coated optical fiber dosimeter according to claim 1, wherein: the ZnS coating (8) has a thickness of less than 50 μm.
5. A ZnS-coated optical fiber dosimeter according to claim 1, wherein: the shell (9) is provided with a current/voltage reading port (9-1), a standby interface (9-2), a working voltage interface (9-3) and an optical fiber inlet (9-4).
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| CN202320101819.1U CN219758516U (en) | 2023-02-02 | 2023-02-02 | Optical fiber dosimeter based on ZnS coating |
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| CN202320101819.1U CN219758516U (en) | 2023-02-02 | 2023-02-02 | Optical fiber dosimeter based on ZnS coating |
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