CN219746360U - Centrifugal force compensation clamping machine tool chuck - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a machine tool chuck for centrifugal force compensation clamping, wherein a short circuit lever (5) is arranged in a through cavity of a transmission top groove (301), a short circuit cavity (101) and a centrifugal driving top groove (401), and the front end and the rear end of the short circuit lever (5) are respectively arranged in the transmission top groove (301) and the centrifugal driving top groove (401); the front end of the chuck piston (6) stretches into a gap between the outer wall of the rear part of the clamp spring type inner diameter chuck (10) and the inner wall of a shaft hole in the jaw base (3); the automatic clamping is realized without being limited by external conditions such as the working conditions of the rotating speed and the machining. The time for replacing the clamping head and clamping the workpiece is short and high in precision, and quick feeding and discharging can be realized. The clamping force lost when the chuck rotates at high speed can be effectively compensated.

Description

Centrifugal force compensation clamping machine tool chuck

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a structure improvement technology of a chuck device of machine tool equipment, in particular to a machine tool chuck device which utilizes the centrifugal force of a sliding block to be matched with a related auxiliary transmission mechanism to compensate and optimize the acting force of clamping and releasing actions of a clamping jaw or a joint.

Background

In the prior art, chucks are mechanical devices on machine tools for clamping a workpiece. The workpiece is clamped and positioned by the radial movement of the movable claws uniformly distributed on the chuck body.

The chuck clamps and releases the workpiece through the radial direction of the clamping jaw, and the clamping force of the clamping jaw on the workpiece is reduced due to the centrifugal force when the rotating speed is increased and the clamping is performed; during internal clamping, the clamping force of the clamping jaws on the workpiece is increased due to the centrifugal force. Abnormal non-uniform changes in clamping force have been shown to affect machining accuracy.

The improved technology introduces the centrifugal compensation principle, designs and increases and joins in marriage centrifugal slider and compensates for the situation improves to some extent, for example, chinese patent application 201110374439.7 a centrifugal force compensation power chuck, and it includes the chuck body, three grooves have been seted up to chuck body front end, install three slide respectively in the three groove, fix through three T type piece and three jack catch with the screw on three slide, the wedge cover is installed in the chuck body, the wedge cover can slide in the chuck body side-to-side, and the fender lid is fixed with the chuck body, characterized by: the device also comprises three compensation shafts and three compensation blocks; the three compensation shafts are respectively arranged in the chuck body, the three compensation blocks are respectively arranged in the rear cover, and the three compensation blocks are respectively connected with the three sliding seats through the three compensation shafts. The front end of the wedge sleeve is provided with a chute at the contact position of the wedge sleeve and the three sliding seats, and the front-back sliding of the wedge sleeve can be converted into radial movement of the clamping jaw.

As another example, chinese patent application 201510131066.9 is an external centrifugal force compensation mechanism for chucks. The chuck is provided with a separated claw structure, and comprises three groups of claw structures consisting of a base claw, a top claw and a compensation block between the base claw and the top claw, wherein the three base claws are uniformly arranged on the chuck body at intervals and are sleeved in the radial direction, the three top claws are fixedly connected with the base claw through the compensation block and the compensation block, and bolts sequentially penetrate through the top claw and the compensation block and then are connected with the compensation block and are sleeved in radial grooves of the base claw; the compensation block gravity center is positioned on the balancing weight. When the workpiece is clamped and rotated, centrifugal force generated by the base claw and the top claw and the centrifugal force of the compensation block are opposite in direction and offset, and the clamping force cannot be greatly reduced along with the increase of the rotation speed.

However, the improvement still has a part of shortages to be further improved, including that the power chuck structure cannot balance the lost clamping force when the chuck rotates at high speed, and the clamping force can be reduced along with the increase of the speed when the power chuck rotates at high speed, so that the clamping of the parts is unstable, and the machining precision of the parts is damaged, so that the improvement requirement cannot be effectively met.

Disclosure of Invention

The utility model aims to provide a machine tool chuck for centrifugal force compensation clamping, which solves the problems in the prior art, does not increase extra load of a machine tool, and does not damage parts.

The object of the utility model is achieved by the following technical measures: the chuck piston is nested in a shaft hole in the chuck base, the chuck main body and the main shaft adapting flange which are coaxially stacked from front to back, wherein a radially extending sliding block cavity is partially formed in the front end surface of the main shaft adapting flange, a centrifugal force balance compensation block is arranged in the sliding block cavity, a centrifugal driving top groove is partially concavely hollowed out in the front side surface of the centrifugal force balance compensation block, a short circuit cavity is formed in the partial edge of the chuck main body in a penetrating way, a transmission top groove is partially formed in the outer edge of the rear end of the chuck base, a short circuit lever is arranged in the transmission top groove, the short circuit cavity and the centrifugal driving top groove penetrating through cavity, and the transmission top groove and the centrifugal driving top groove are respectively arranged at the front end and the rear end of the short circuit lever;

a sleeve structure is arranged in the axial middle of the chuck piston; the front end of the chuck piston stretches into a gap between the outer wall of the rear part of the clamp spring type inner diameter chuck and the inner wall of the center shaft hole of the claw base;

the outer edge of the front end of the clamp spring type inner diameter chuck is radially provided with an outer convex ring platform, the outer convex ring platform is used for pressing a positioning pressure plate of an annular disc structure on the front end face of a claw base, and a pressure spring is pressed between the rear side of the outer convex ring platform and the front end face of a chuck piston. And a tension adjusting button is arranged and connected on the upper opening of the positioning pressure plate at the outer side of the pressure spring, and meanwhile, an end pressure cover is arranged at the outer side of the front end of the clamp spring type inner diameter chuck in a pressure connection manner, and the edge of the end pressure cover is in pressure connection with the rear of the positioning pressure plate.

In particular, the inner diameters of the central shaft holes of the jaw base and the main shaft adapting flange are the same, and the inner diameter of the central shaft hole of the chuck main body, namely the main central shaft hole, is larger than 3/2 of the inner diameters of the central shaft holes of the jaw base and the main shaft adapting flange. The rear end face of the claw base is provided with an inner top table protruding backward at the radial inner side part of the transmission top groove and extending backward along the inner wall of the same side of the main middle hole. Furthermore, the transition surface of the root of the outer side of the inner top platform, namely the inner edge of the base, and the front end edge of the adjacent main middle hole, namely the front inclined edge of the main hole, are provided with mutually matched inclined conical surface structures.

In particular, at the radial other side of the shorting lever relative to the spindle, the spindle connecting screw rod is used for connecting the positioning pressure plate, the side pressure sleeve, the chuck main body and the spindle adapting flange together in a penetrating way from front to back. The claw seat is arranged in the front end direction of the short circuit lever, namely the front end outer edges of the claw base and the positioning pressure plate, and is fixed by the claw fixing bolt.

In particular, the front end of the chuck piston is a front conical head with the outer edge inclined centripetally, and the inner wall of the rear part of the shaft hole in the claw base is provided with a middle conical opening with a conical surface at the backward opening edge.

In particular, a positioning pin protruding towards the rear side in a columnar mode is further arranged on the rear end face of the main shaft adapting flange. The sliding block cavity and the centrifugal force balance compensation block are provided with sliding rail matching structures at the bottom or at the positions of two radial opposite side walls. The short circuit cavity is an inner side wall forwardly and outwardly inclined special-shaped structure.

In particular, a sealing vibration damping glue ring is mounted in the shorting chamber in the chuck body, i.e. on the rear side edge of the shorting chamber. And the edge of the front end face of the main shaft adapting flange is provided with a sealing ring groove, and a sealing ring is arranged in the sealing ring groove.

The utility model has the advantages and effects that: the centrifugal force compensation is skillfully realized by the lever principle without being limited by external conditions such as the working conditions of the rotating speed and the processing. Realizing automatic clamping. The concentricity is kept better during turning, the time for replacing the clamping head and clamping the workpiece is short, and quick feeding and discharging can be realized. The clamping force compensation device is particularly suitable for processing small-diameter workpieces, can effectively compensate the clamping force lost when the chuck rotates at a high speed, and can play a role in different rotating speed intervals. The clamping precision is high, the structure is simple, compact and reliable, the installation and operation are convenient, and the application range is wide. Has wide application prospect in equipment such as a numerical control lathe, a machining center and the like.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present utility model.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged schematic view of a part of the structure of fig. 1.

FIG. 3 is a second enlarged schematic view of the partial structure of FIG. 1.

The reference numerals include:

the clamping device comprises a 1-chuck main body, a 2-side pressing sleeve, a 3-jaw base, a 4-centrifugal force balance compensation block, a 5-short circuit lever, a 6-chuck piston, a 7-locating pin, an 8-pull rod connecting screw sleeve, a 9-main shaft adapting flange, a 10-clamp spring inner diameter chuck, a 11-locating pressure plate, a 12-jaw seat, a 13-jaw fixing bolt, a 14-end pressing cover, a 15-main shaft connecting screw rod, a 16-sealing vibration damping rubber ring, a 17-pressure spring and an 18-tension adjusting button;

101-short-circuit cavities, 102-main middle holes and 103-main hole front inclined edges; 301-a transmission top groove, 302-a middle cone opening, 303-a base inner joint edge and 304-an inner top platform; 401-centrifugally driving a top groove; 501-driving ball head, 502-driving ball head; 601-front cone; 901-bell and spigot, 902-slider cavity, 903-sealing ring groove.

Detailed Description

The principle of the utility model is that the force balance of the jaw base and the centrifugal force balance compensation block is kept by utilizing the lever principle through optimizing and improving the matching structures of the jaw base 3, the centrifugal force balance compensation block 4, the short-circuit lever 5, the chuck piston 6 and other parts.

The utility model can effectively overcome the defect that the clamping force of the clamping jaw is seriously influenced by centrifugal force when the traditional chuck for clamping the workpiece in the form of radially moving the clamping jaw rotates, and has obvious technical effect and higher practical popularization value.

In the description of the present utility model, it should be understood that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of description and to simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present utility model. In the present utility model, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly attached, detachably attached, or integrally attached.

The utility model comprises the following steps: chuck body 1, jaw base 3, centrifugal force balance compensation 4, shorting lever 5, chuck piston 6.

The utility model is further described below with reference to the drawings and examples.

Example 1: as shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, a chuck piston 6 is nested in shaft holes in a front-to-back coaxial stacked chuck jaw base 3, a chuck main body 1 and a spindle adapter flange 9, wherein a radially extending slide block cavity 902 is partially formed in the front end surface of the spindle adapter flange 9, a centrifugal force balance compensation block 4 is arranged in the slide block cavity 902, a centrifugal driving top groove 401 is partially concavely hollowed out in the front side surface of the centrifugal force balance compensation block 4, a short circuit cavity 101 is formed in the partial edge of the chuck main body 1 in a penetrating way, a transmission top groove 301 is partially formed in the outer edge of the rear end of the chuck base 3, a short circuit lever 5 is arranged in the transmission top groove 301, the short circuit cavity 101 and the centrifugal driving top groove 401 in a penetrating way, and the front end and the rear end of the short circuit lever 5 are respectively arranged in the transmission top groove 301 and the centrifugal driving top groove 401; the axial middle part of the chuck piston 6 is provided with a sleeve structure; the front opening of the chuck piston 6 is sleeved with a clamp spring type inner diameter chuck 10, and the front end of the chuck piston 6 extends into a gap between the rear outer wall of the clamp spring type inner diameter chuck 10 and the inner wall of a shaft hole in the jaw base 3; the outer edge of the front end of the clamp spring type inner diameter chuck 10 is radially provided with an outer convex ring platform which is used for pressing a positioning pressing disc 11 of an annular disc structure on the front end face of the jaw base 3, and a pressure spring 17 is pressed between the rear side of the outer convex ring platform and the front end face of the chuck piston 6. The short circuit lever 5 is installed in the short circuit cavity 101, the transmission top groove 301 and the centrifugal driving top groove 401, wherein the middle part of the short circuit lever 5 is inserted in the short circuit cavity 101 in the chuck main body 1, the transmission ball head 502 at the front end of the short circuit lever 5 is placed in the transmission top groove 301 at the rear end edge of the jaw base 3, and the driving ball head 501 at the rear end of the short circuit lever 5 is placed in the centrifugal driving top groove 401 at the front end edge of the centrifugal force balance compensation block 4, namely, the transmission connection between the centrifugal force balance compensation block 4 and the jaw base 3 is realized.

In the foregoing, the sealing vibration damping rubber ring 16 is installed in the shorting chamber 101 in the chuck body 1, that is, on the rear side edge of the shorting chamber 101. A seal ring groove 903 is formed in the edge of the front end face of the main shaft adapter flange 9, and a seal ring is installed.

In the foregoing, the inner diameters of the central shaft holes of the jaw base 3 and the main shaft adapting flange 9 are the same, and the inner diameter of the central shaft hole of the chuck main body 1, namely the main central hole 102, is larger than the inner diameter 3/2 of the central shaft hole of the jaw base 3 and the main shaft adapting flange 9. The rear end surface of the claw base 3 protrudes rearward at the radially inner portion of the transmission top groove 301, that is, the inner top stage 304, and extends rearward along the inner wall of the same side as the main center hole 102. Further, the outer root transition surface of the inner roof 304, i.e., the base inner joint edge 303, and the front end edge of the adjacent main central hole 102, i.e., the main hole front inclined edge 103, are provided with mutually matched inclined conical surfaces.

In the foregoing, on the other side of the shorting lever 5 in the radial direction relative to the spindle, the spindle connecting screw 15 penetrates the positioning platen 11, the side pressing sleeve 2, the chuck body 1 and the spindle adapter flange 9 together from front to back in sequence. The jaw seat 12 is arranged at the front end direction of the short circuit lever 5, namely the front end outer edges of the jaw base 3 and the positioning pressure plate 11, and is fixed by the jaw fixing bolts 13.

In the foregoing, the rear portion of the chuck piston 6 is provided with the pull rod connecting threaded sleeve 8. The front end of the chuck piston 6 is provided with a front cone head 601 with an inclined outer edge in a centripetal manner, and the inner wall of the rear part of the shaft hole in the jaw base 3 is provided with a middle cone opening 302 with a cone surface on the rear open edge. The middle part of the rear end surface of the main shaft adapter flange 9 is provided with a concave bell and spigot 901. Further, a positioning pin 7 protruding toward the rear column is also provided on the rear end face of the spindle adapter flange 9. During installation and application, the rear side of the chuck piston 6 is connected with a pull rod through a pull rod connecting screw sleeve 8, and a machine tool spindle is fixed on a bell and spigot 901 at the rear end of a spindle adapter flange 9 through a positioning pin 7 and a spindle connecting screw rod 15.

In the foregoing, the slider cavity 902 and the centrifugal force balance compensation block 4 have a sliding rail matching structure at the bottom or two opposite side walls in the radial direction. The shorting chamber 101 is a front and outer side inclined special-shaped structure of the inner side wall. Grease is coated on the inner side walls of the short-circuit cavity 101, the transmission top groove 301 and the centrifugal driving top groove 401.

In the foregoing, the front end of the clamp spring type inner diameter chuck 10 is three-jaw, four-jaw or multi-jaw.

In the foregoing, the tension adjusting knob 18 is press-fitted to the end cover 14 outside the positioning platen 11.

In the embodiment of the utility model, the contact tension between the clamp spring type inner diameter chuck 10 and the jaw base 3 is regulated by rotating the tension regulating button 18; the working parameters and performance of the chuck can be further optimized by setting the angle of the mating bevel of the front cone 601 and the middle cone 302, as well as the effective contact distance. Likewise, the centrifugal compensation clamping stress balance level generated by the centrifugal force balance compensation block 4 through the transmission of the short-circuit lever 5 can be further improved through the structural optimization of the transmission ball head 502, the transmission top groove 301, the driving ball head 501 and the driving top groove 401.

In the embodiment of the present utility model, as the pull rod is axially fed or retreated, in a state where the front cone 601 contacts the middle cone 302 in an inclined surface, the jaw base 3 and the chuck piston 6 perform relative movement of axial extrusion or rotational torque. At the same time, in the state that the machine tool spindle drives the chuck main body 1 to rotate at a high speed, the centrifugal force balance compensation block 4 moves centrifugally in the sliding block cavity 902 at the front side edge of the spindle adapter flange 9, so that the jaw base 3 is further driven to move axially or rotate in torque, and the balance compensation related to the rotation speed is given to the rotation centrifugal force.

In the embodiment of the utility model, in the high-speed rotation processing process of the chuck main body 1, the clamping jaw and the clamping jaw base 3 generate centrifugal force due to high-speed rotation, so that the clamping jaw and the clamping jaw base 3 are stressed to deviate from the center, and the centrifugal force balance compensation block 4 is matched with the front conical head 601 and the inclined surface of the middle conical opening 302 through the short-circuit lever 5 to perform the laminating extrusion action, so that the loss of the reduced clamping force for clamping the part is overcome and compensated, the part is clamped stably and uniformly, and the processing precision of the part is further ensured. Specifically, when the machine tool pull rod is pulled to the left, the chuck piston 6 is driven to move to the left at the same time; the contact inclined surface extrusion action of the front cone head 601 and the middle cone opening 302 is reduced, and further, the centripetal extrusion action of the outer edge of the rear end of the clamp spring type inner diameter chuck 10 and the radial expansion action or the rotation torque of the jaw base 3 are released gradually, so that the inner end of the clamp spring type inner diameter chuck 10 expands elastically by itself, and a workpiece clamped in the clamp spring type inner diameter chuck is released; alternatively, in this state, as the jaw base 3 rotates, the jaw base 3 is caused to shrink toward the inside of the chuck, thereby causing the jaws attached to the jaw base 3 to grip the piece. Conversely, as the spindle of the machine tool rotates and the drawbar of the machine tool is fed to the right, the jaws fixed on the jaw base 12 are caused to move radially to release the clamped workpiece; alternatively, the inner end of the clamp spring type inner diameter chuck 10 is elastically contracted to stably and tightly clamp the workpiece. In the process of driving the chuck main body 1 to rotate at a high speed by the machine tool spindle, the centrifugal force balance compensation block 4 is also subjected to the centrifugal force caused by the high-speed rotation, and as the middle part of the short circuit lever 5 is arranged on the chuck main body 1, the lever principle can know that the centrifugal force balance compensation block 4 can pry the jaw base 3 to be subjected to a centripetal force by the outward centrifugal force. Thereby counteracting the centrifugal forces to which a portion of the jaw base 3 and jaws are subjected. The centrifugal force balancing compensation block 4 can be changed to adjust and offset the centrifugal force applied to the jaw base 3 and the jaw, and even completely offset the centrifugal force applied to the jaw base 3 and the jaw.

The present utility model is not limited to the above-described embodiments. The foregoing embodiments and description are merely illustrative of the principles of the present utility model, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (10)

1. A machine chuck for centrifugal force compensated clamping, comprising: the chuck comprises a chuck main body (1), a jaw base (3), a centrifugal force balance compensation block (4), a shorting lever (5) and a chuck piston (6); the chuck is characterized in that a chuck piston (6) is nested in shaft holes in a front-to-back coaxial stacked chuck jaw base (3), a chuck main body (1) and a main shaft adapting flange (9);

the front end face of the main shaft adapting flange (9) is partially provided with a radially extending sliding block cavity (902), a centrifugal force balance compensation block (4) is arranged in the sliding block cavity (902), a centrifugal driving top groove (401) is partially concaved and hollowed out on the front side face of the centrifugal force balance compensation block (4), a short circuit cavity (101) is penetrated and hollowed out on the partial edge of the chuck main body (1), a transmission top groove (301) is partially formed on the outer edge of the rear end of the jaw base (3), a short circuit lever (5) is arranged in the transmission top groove (301), the short circuit cavity (101) and the centrifugal driving top groove (401) in a penetrating cavity, and the front end and the rear end of the short circuit lever (5) are respectively provided with the transmission top groove (301) and the centrifugal driving top groove (401);

the axial middle part of the chuck piston (6) is provided with a sleeve structure;

the clamping spring type inner diameter chuck (10) is sleeved in the front opening of the chuck piston (6), and the front end of the chuck piston (6) extends into a gap between the rear outer wall of the clamping spring type inner diameter chuck (10) and the inner wall of the center shaft hole of the jaw base (3);

the outer edge of the front end of the clamp spring type inner diameter chuck (10) is radially provided with an outer convex ring platform, and the outer convex ring platform is used for pressing a positioning pressure plate (11) of an annular disc structure on the front end surface of the claw base (3); and a compression spring (17) is pressed between the rear side of the outer convex ring platform and the front end surface of the chuck piston (6).

2. A machine chuck for centrifugal force compensated gripping according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner diameter of the central shaft hole of the chuck body (1), i.e. the main central hole (102), is the same as the inner diameter of the central shaft hole of the jaw base (3) and the main shaft adapter flange (9), and is larger than the inner diameter of the central shaft hole of the jaw base (3) and the main shaft adapter flange (9) by 3/2.

3. A machine chuck for centrifugal force compensated gripping according to claim 1, characterized in that the rear end face of the jaw base (3) is provided with an inner abutment (304) projecting rearwardly at the radially inner portion of the drive abutment groove (301) and extending rearwardly along the same side inner wall of the main central bore (102).

4. A machine chuck for centrifugal force compensated gripping according to claim 1, characterized in that on the other side of the shorting lever (5) in radial direction with respect to the spindle, a spindle connecting screw (15) is threaded together, in sequence from front to back, the positioning platen (11), the edge press sleeve (2), the chuck body (1) and the spindle adapter flange (9) with the side edges.

5. A machine chuck for centrifugal force compensation clamping according to claim 1, characterized in that the jaw seat (12) is arranged at the front end direction of the shorting lever (5), namely the front end outer edges of the jaw base (3) and the positioning pressure plate (11), and is fixed by the jaw fixing bolt (13).

6. A machine chuck for centrifugal force compensation clamping according to claim 1, characterized in that the front end of the chuck piston (6) is a front conical head (601) with a centripetally inclined outer edge, and the inner wall of the rear part of the shaft hole of the jaw base (3) is provided with a middle conical opening (302) with a conical surface at the rear opening edge.

7. Machine chuck for centrifugal force compensation gripping according to claim 1, characterized in that the slide cavity (902) and the centrifugal force compensation counter-mass (4) have a slide co-operating structure at the bottom or at diametrically opposite side wall positions.

8. A machine chuck for centrifugal force compensation gripping according to claim 1, characterized in that a tension adjusting knob (18) is mounted and connected in an opening in the positioning platen (11) outside the compression spring (17);

meanwhile, an end pressing cover (14) is arranged on the outer side of the front end of the clamp spring type inner diameter chuck (10) in a pressing mode, and the edge of the end pressing cover (14) is pressed behind the positioning pressing plate (11).

9. A machine chuck for centrifugal force compensated gripping as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the shorting chamber (101) is of a profile with an inner side wall inclined forwardly and outwardly.

10. A machine chuck for centrifugal force compensated gripping as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the outer root transition surface of the inner roof (304), i.e. the base inner rim (303), and the adjacent front end edge of the main bore (102), i.e. the main bore front bevel edge (103), are provided with mutually cooperating inclined conical surface structures.