CN219710088U - Arch rib lifting system of steel truss flexible arch - Google Patents
Arch rib lifting system of steel truss flexible arch Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN219710088U CN219710088U CN202321005149.XU CN202321005149U CN219710088U CN 219710088 U CN219710088 U CN 219710088U CN 202321005149 U CN202321005149 U CN 202321005149U CN 219710088 U CN219710088 U CN 219710088U
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- lifting
- arch
- arch rib
- steel truss
- steel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model provides an arch rib lifting system of a steel truss flexible arch, which relates to the technical field of bridge construction. Compared with the prior art, the arch rib lifting system of the steel truss flexible arch can monitor the height of the lifted member in real time, and improves the erection efficiency of the arch rib.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of bridge construction, in particular to an arch rib lifting system of a steel truss flexible arch.
Background
In the current construction process of the steel truss girder flexible arch bridge, the steel truss girder is assembled or pushed to be erected by adopting symmetrical cantilevers, and one or more temporary piers are needed to be added in the middle in order to reduce the cantilever or pushing span. The upper flexible rib is usually lifted into place by a rib lifting device or swivel-mounted by a vertically rotating tower.
In the related art, the arch rib lifting device generally uses the steel truss girder as a foundation, so that the lifting device can be installed after the steel truss girder is erected, and the construction time is long and the construction cost is high. In addition, the arch rib lifting device in the prior art cannot monitor the height of the lifted member in real time, so that the height deviation of the arch rib cannot be adjusted in time, and the erection efficiency of the arch rib is lower.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims to solve the problems that: how to improve the erection efficiency of the arch rib.
The utility model provides an arch rib lifting system of a steel truss flexible arch, which comprises: the device comprises towers, lifting mechanisms and distance sensors, wherein the towers are used for being arranged at least two at intervals along the extending direction of a bridge, the lifting mechanisms are correspondingly arranged on each tower, the lifting mechanisms are used for lifting arch ribs, the distance sensors are uniformly arranged on each tower, and the distance sensors are used for measuring the height of the current arch ribs in the arch rib lifting process.
Compared with the prior art, the arch rib lifting system of the steel truss flexible arch has the following beneficial effects:
according to the arch rib lifting system of the steel truss flexible arch, the number of towers can be arranged according to the actual size of the arch ribs, then lifting mechanisms are correspondingly arranged on each tower, and the distance sensor can measure the height of the current arch rib at any time and adjust in time in the process of lifting the arch ribs through the lifting mechanisms. Compared with the prior art, the arch rib lifting system of the steel truss flexible arch can monitor the height of a lifted member in real time, and once the height of the arch rib deviates, the arch rib lifting system can be adjusted in time, so that the erection efficiency of the arch rib is improved.
Optionally, the lifting mechanism comprises a lifting oil cylinder, a lifting platform is arranged on the tower, and the lifting oil cylinder is vertically arranged on the lifting platform.
Optionally, the lifting mechanism further comprises a steel strand and a lifting appliance, wherein the steel strand is installed on the lifting cylinder in a penetrating manner, and the lifting appliance is connected to the end part of the steel strand.
Optionally, the lifting mechanism further comprises an upper anchor and a lower anchor, the lower anchor is connected to the lifting platform, the upper anchor is connected to a piston rod of the lifting oil cylinder, the upper anchor is used for moving up and down along with the piston rod of the lifting oil cylinder, and the lifting oil cylinder, the upper anchor and the lower anchor are all sleeved on the steel strand.
Optionally, the rib lifting system of the steel truss flexible arch further comprises position sensors, wherein the position sensors are respectively arranged on the upper anchor and the lower anchor, one position sensor is used for detecting whether the upper anchor clamps the steel strand in place, and the other position sensor is used for detecting whether the lower anchor clamps the steel strand in place.
Optionally, the arch rib lifting system of the steel truss flexible arch further comprises a stroke sensor, wherein the stroke sensor is installed on the lifting oil cylinder and is used for detecting whether the action of the lifting oil cylinder is in place or not.
Optionally, the rib lifting system of the steel truss flexible arch further comprises a cable rope, wherein one end of the cable rope is connected to the top end of the tower, and the other end of the cable rope is used for being connected to the steel beam.
Optionally, the tower comprises two spaced apart support structures and an intermediate connection system connected between the two support structures, the intermediate connection system being adapted to rotate open relative to the support structures when lifting the arch ribs to free up working space for passage of the arch ribs.
Optionally, the arch rib lifting system of the steel truss flexible arch further comprises temporary piers, wherein the temporary piers are used for being arranged at least two at intervals along the extending direction of the bridge, and each temporary pier is correspondingly provided with the tower.
Optionally, one of the towers is provided with a main hoisting point, the other towers are respectively provided with a following hoisting point, the following hoisting points are used for adjusting the height of the arch rib by taking the position of the main hoisting point as a reference, and the main hoisting point and the following hoisting points are respectively provided with the distance sensors.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a rib lifting system for a steel truss flexible arch in accordance with an embodiment of the present utility model;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 1;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the upper and lower anchors according to an embodiment of the present utility model.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1. a tower; 11. a support structure; 12. an intermediate connection system; 21. a lifting cylinder; 22. lifting the platform; 23. steel strand; 24. a lifting appliance; 25. an upper anchorage device; 26. a lower anchor; 3. a cable rope; 4. temporary piers; 5. a steel beam; 6. and (3) an arch rib.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the utility model will be readily understood, a more particular description of the utility model will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings.
In the description of the present utility model, the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "front", "rear", "inner" and "outer", etc. are used for convenience of description of the present utility model based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the apparatus to be referred to must have a specific direction, be configured and manipulated in a specific direction, and thus should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present utility model.
In the description of the present utility model, it should be noted that, unless explicitly stated and limited otherwise, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; may be a mechanical connection; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present utility model will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
In the description of the present specification, the descriptions of the terms "embodiment," "one embodiment," and the like mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or embodiment is included in at least one embodiment or illustrated embodiment of the present utility model. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same examples or implementations. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or implementations.
Moreover, in the drawings, the Z axis represents vertical, i.e., up and down, and the positive direction of the Z axis (i.e., the arrow of the Z axis points) represents up, and the negative direction of the Z axis (i.e., the direction opposite to the positive direction of the Z axis) represents down; the X-axis in the drawing represents the lateral direction, i.e., the left-right position, and the positive direction of the X-axis (i.e., the arrow of the X-axis points) represents the right, and the negative direction of the X-axis (i.e., the direction opposite to the positive direction of the X-axis) represents the left; the Y-axis in the drawing shows the longitudinal direction, i.e., the front-to-back position, and the positive direction of the Y-axis (i.e., the arrow pointing in the Y-axis) shows the front, and the negative direction of the Y-axis (i.e., the direction opposite to the positive direction of the Y-axis) shows the back.
It should also be noted that the foregoing X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis are meant to be illustrative only and not indicative or implying that the apparatus or component in question must be oriented or configured in a particular orientation and operation and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present utility model.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, an arch rib lifting system of a steel truss flexible arch according to an embodiment of the present utility model includes: the device comprises towers 1, lifting mechanisms and distance sensors, wherein the towers 1 are used for being arranged at least two at intervals along the extending direction of a bridge (the longitudinal direction of the bridge), the lifting mechanisms are correspondingly arranged on each tower 1, the lifting mechanisms are used for lifting arch ribs 6, the distance sensors are uniformly arranged on each tower 1, and the distance sensors are used for measuring the height of the arch ribs 6 in the lifting process of the arch ribs 6.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the number of towers 1 may be arranged according to the actual size of the arch rib 6 (the number of towers 1 in fig. 1 is two), then, lifting mechanisms are correspondingly installed on each tower 1, the number of the lifting mechanisms on each tower 1 may be appropriately increased according to the actual weight of the arch rib 6, and in the process of lifting the arch rib 6 through the lifting mechanisms, the distance sensor located on the tower 1 may measure the height of the current arch rib 6 at any time and make adjustments in time, so as to ensure the accuracy of the arch rib 6 in the lifting process and after in place. Compared with the prior art, the arch rib 6 lifting system of the steel truss flexible arch can monitor the height of a lifted member in real time, and once the height of the arch rib 6 deviates, the height of the arch rib 6 can be timely adjusted, so that the erection efficiency of the arch rib 6 is improved.
Optionally, the lifting mechanism comprises a lifting oil cylinder 21, a lifting platform 22 is arranged on the tower 1, and the lifting oil cylinder 21 is vertically arranged on the lifting platform 22.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the lifting platform 22 may be connected to the top end of the tower 1 by bolting or welding, the lifting cylinder 21 may be vertically disposed on the lifting platform 22 (the extending direction of the lifting cylinder 21 is the Z-axis direction in fig. 2), and the lifting cylinder 21 may be fixed on the lifting platform 22 by bolting or a heptagonal lug plate. In addition, in fig. 2, the number of the lifting cylinders 21 on the lifting platform 22 is two, and according to the actual weight of the arch rib 6, a plurality of lifting cylinders 21 may be arranged at intervals along the length direction of the lifting platform 22, so as to meet the weight lifting requirement of the arch rib 6.
Optionally, the lifting mechanism further comprises a steel strand 23 and a lifting appliance 24, the steel strand 23 is installed on the lifting cylinder 21 in a penetrating manner, and the lifting appliance 24 is connected to the end part of the steel strand 23.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the steel strand 23 is installed on the lifting cylinder 21 in a penetrating manner, the lifting appliance 24 is connected to the lower end (opposite direction of the Z axis in fig. 2) of the steel strand 23, and the lifting appliance 24 can be connected with the arch rib 6 in a matching manner, and then lifted by the lifting cylinder 21.
Optionally, the lifting mechanism further comprises an upper anchor 25 and a lower anchor 26, the lower anchor 26 is connected to the lifting platform 22, the upper anchor 25 is connected to a piston rod of the lifting cylinder 21, the upper anchor 25 is used for moving up and down along with the piston rod of the lifting cylinder 21, and the lifting cylinder 21, the upper anchor 25 and the lower anchor 26 are all sleeved on the steel strand 23.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the lower anchor 26 and the bracket of the lifting cylinder 21 are fixed on the lifting platform 22, the upper anchor 25 is fixed on the piston rod of the lifting cylinder 21, the upper anchor 25 can move up and down (in the Z-axis direction in fig. 2 or fig. 3) along with the piston rod of the lifting cylinder 21, the lifting cylinder 21 is used for driving the steel strand 23 to perform lifting movement, and the upper anchor 25 and the lower anchor 26 are used for clamping the steel strand 23, so that the lifting of the arch rib 6 is realized through the cooperation of the three. The initial state of the lift cylinder 21 is: the upper anchorage device 25 is tightly anchored, the lower anchorage device 26 is tightly anchored, and the lifting oil cylinder 21 is fully contracted; the lower anchor 26 is loose, the upper anchor 25 is tight, and the lifting cylinder 21 can lift the steel strand 23 for a certain distance; after the lifting cylinder 21 extends to the proper position, the lower anchor 26 is tightened, the upper anchor 25 is loosened, the cylinder is retracted, and the next lifting can be performed after returning to the initial position. The opposite action process can realize the lowering of the weight.
Optionally, the rib lifting system of the steel truss flexible arch further comprises position sensors, wherein the position sensors are respectively installed on the upper anchor 25 and the lower anchor 26, one position sensor is used for detecting whether the upper anchor 25 clamps the steel stranded wires 23 in place, and the other position sensor is used for detecting whether the lower anchor 26 clamps the steel stranded wires 23 in place.
In this embodiment, by installing position sensors on the upper anchor 25 and the lower anchor 26, respectively, it is possible to detect in real time whether the upper anchor 25 and the lower anchor 26 clamp the steel strands 23 in place, so that the lifting safety of the arch rib 6 can be ensured.
Optionally, the rib lifting system of the steel truss flexible arch further comprises a stroke sensor, wherein the stroke sensor is installed on the lifting oil cylinder 21 and is used for detecting whether the action of the lifting oil cylinder 21 is in place.
In the present embodiment, the stroke sensor may reflect the behavior of the lift cylinder 21, contributing to load balancing control.
Optionally, the rib lifting system of the steel truss flexible arch further comprises a cable rope 3, wherein one end of the cable rope 3 is connected to the top end of the tower 1, and the other end is used for being connected to a steel beam 5.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the cable ropes 3 may be respectively stretched on both sides (X-axis direction in fig. 1) of each tower 1 to ensure stability of the tower 1 when the wind force is large.
Alternatively, the tower 1 comprises two spaced apart support structures 11 and an intermediate connection 12, said intermediate connection 12 being connected between two of said support structures 11, said intermediate connection 12 being adapted to rotate open relative to said support structures 11 when lifting the arch 6, to leave a working space for the passage of the arch 6.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the intermediate connection system 12 may be a quadrilateral structure formed by splicing a plurality of steel pipe structures, one end of the intermediate connection system 12 may be hinged on one of the support structures 11, and the other end of the intermediate connection system 12 may be connected to the other support structure 11 through a bolt, so when the arch rib 6 is lifted, the intermediate connection system 12 may be rotated and opened relative to the support structure 11 to make a working space for the arch rib 6 to pass through, so that the intermediate connection system 12 does not interfere with the arch rib 6 during lifting, and under other working conditions, the intermediate connection system 12 needs to be closed to ensure the overall strength of the tower 1.
Optionally, the arch rib lifting system of the steel truss flexible arch further comprises temporary piers 4, wherein at least two temporary piers 4 are arranged at intervals along the extending direction of the bridge, and each temporary pier 4 is correspondingly provided with the tower 1.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, at least two temporary piers 4 are arranged at intervals along the transverse direction of the bridge (X-axis direction in fig. 1), and the temporary piers 4 are used for installing the tower 1. The specific number of temporary piers 4 can be adjusted autonomously according to the size and weight of the ribs 6, without limitation.
Optionally, a main hoisting hanging point is arranged on one of the towers 1, and following hoisting hanging points are respectively arranged on the rest of the towers 1, wherein the following hoisting hanging points are used for adjusting the height of the arch rib 6 by taking the position of the main hoisting hanging point as a reference, and the distance sensors are respectively arranged at the main hoisting hanging point and the following hoisting hanging point.
In this embodiment, when lifting the arch rib 6, the master lifting hanging point on one of the towers 1 is taken as a reference point, the following lifting hanging points on the other towers 1 take the position of the master lifting hanging point as a reference to adjust the height of the arch rib 6, for example, a distance sensor installed at the master lifting hanging point detects that the current position height of the arch rib 6 is a first distance, a distance sensor installed at the other following lifting hanging point detects that the current position height of the arch rib 6 is different from the first distance, and the inclination of the arch rib 6 is described at the moment beyond the allowable error, then the height of the arch rib 6 needs to be adjusted and is adjusted within the allowable error, so as to ensure the installation accuracy of the arch rib 6.
Optionally, the rib lifting system of the steel truss flexible arch further comprises a main control computer, wherein the main control computer is used for receiving the height difference signal sent by the distance sensor.
In this embodiment, the main control computer may receive the height difference signal sent from the distance sensor, and the information of the travel sensor and the position sensor mentioned above may be fed back to the main control computer, and the display interface of the main control computer may display the corresponding information and make adjustments in time, that is, in the lifting process of the arch rib 6, the main control computer may be used to perform full automatic control, without the need of excessive human intervention.
Although the utility model is disclosed above, the scope of the utility model is not limited thereto. Various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the utility model, and these changes and modifications will fall within the scope of the utility model.
Claims (10)
1. An arch rib lifting system for a steel truss flexible arch, comprising: the device comprises towers (1), lifting mechanisms and distance sensors, wherein the towers (1) are used for being arranged at least two at intervals along the extending direction of a bridge, each tower (1) is correspondingly provided with the lifting mechanism, each lifting mechanism is used for lifting arch ribs (6), each tower (1) is uniformly provided with the distance sensors, and the distance sensors are used for measuring the height of each arch rib (6) currently in the lifting process of each arch rib (6).
2. Arch rib lifting system of a steel truss flexible arch according to claim 1, characterized in that the lifting mechanism comprises a lifting cylinder (21), a lifting platform (22) is arranged on the tower (1), and the lifting cylinder (21) is vertically arranged on the lifting platform (22).
3. Arch rib lifting system of a steel truss flexible arch according to claim 2, characterized in that the lifting mechanism further comprises steel strands (23) and a sling (24), the steel strands (23) are mounted on the lifting cylinder (21) in a penetrating manner, and the sling (24) is connected to the ends of the steel strands (23).
4. A steel truss flexible arch rib lifting system according to claim 3, wherein the lifting mechanism further comprises an upper anchor (25) and a lower anchor (26), the lower anchor (26) is connected to the lifting platform (22), the upper anchor (25) is connected to a piston rod of the lifting cylinder (21), and the upper anchor (25) is used for moving up and down along with the piston rod of the lifting cylinder (21), and the lifting cylinder (21), the upper anchor (25) and the lower anchor (26) are all sleeved on the steel stranded wires (23).
5. A steel truss flexible arch rib lifting system according to claim 4, further comprising position sensors mounted on said upper (25) and lower (26) anchors, respectively, one of said position sensors being adapted to detect whether said upper anchor (25) clamps said steel strand (23) in place and the other of said position sensors being adapted to detect whether said lower anchor (26) clamps said steel strand (23) in place.
6. The steel truss flexible arch rib lifting system according to claim 2, further comprising a travel sensor mounted on the lift cylinder (21) for detecting if the motion of the lift cylinder (21) is in place.
7. Arch rib lifting system of a steel truss flexible arch according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a guy rope (3), one end of the guy rope (3) being connected to the top end of the tower (1) and the other end being adapted to be connected to a steel girder (5).
8. Arch rib lifting system of a steel truss flexible arch according to claim 1, characterized in that the tower (1) comprises two spaced apart supporting structures (11) and an intermediate connection system (12), said intermediate connection system (12) being connected between two of said supporting structures (11), said intermediate connection system (12) being adapted to be rotated open with respect to said supporting structures (11) when lifting the arch rib (6) to leave a working space for the passage of the arch rib (6).
9. Arch rib lifting system of a steel truss flexible arch according to claim 1, further comprising temporary piers (4), said temporary piers (4) being arranged at intervals in the direction of extension of the bridge, on each of said temporary piers (4) the tower (1) being mounted in correspondence.
10. Arch rib lifting system of a steel truss flexible arch according to claim 1, characterized in that on one of the towers (1) a master lifting hoisting point is provided, the remaining towers (1) are provided with following lifting hoisting points, respectively, which are used for adjusting the height of the arch rib (6) with the position of the master lifting hoisting point as reference, the master lifting hoisting point and the following lifting hoisting point being provided with the distance sensors.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202321005149.XU CN219710088U (en) | 2023-04-28 | 2023-04-28 | Arch rib lifting system of steel truss flexible arch |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202321005149.XU CN219710088U (en) | 2023-04-28 | 2023-04-28 | Arch rib lifting system of steel truss flexible arch |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN219710088U true CN219710088U (en) | 2023-09-19 |
Family
ID=87979393
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202321005149.XU Active CN219710088U (en) | 2023-04-28 | 2023-04-28 | Arch rib lifting system of steel truss flexible arch |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN219710088U (en) |
-
2023
- 2023-04-28 CN CN202321005149.XU patent/CN219710088U/en active Active
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN110952550B (en) | Suspended self-supporting pile driving method and pile driver | |
| CN1851137A (en) | Gate-type crane semiarch integral-hoisting steel-pipe arch process | |
| CN102953553B (en) | Method for mounting large-span pipe truss by using boom luffing mechanism | |
| CN114215170B (en) | Lifting method for ultrahigh-altitude giant-suspension multilayer conjoined structure | |
| CN104652298A (en) | Integral lowering and removing system of span box girders based on bridge deck support and construction method of integral lowering and removing system | |
| CN114508074A (en) | Installation method of slot-in type prefabricated part of assembly type high-pile wharf | |
| CN219710088U (en) | Arch rib lifting system of steel truss flexible arch | |
| CN201102883Y (en) | Steel cable sliding and lifting device | |
| CN111576227A (en) | Construction method of main arch and auxiliary arch of double-flying-wing arch bridge and lifting appliance used by same | |
| CN110040632A (en) | A kind of segmental hoisting construction method of large span section steel beam | |
| CN101459320B (en) | Large span cable bridge rack installation mold and installation method thereof | |
| CN214459535U (en) | Construction system of asymmetric cantilever beam of cable-stayed bridge | |
| CN212082851U (en) | Vertical static load test structure of bridge floor crane | |
| CN106120880A (en) | A kind of offshore wind farm single-pile foundation Compressive Bearing Capacity assay device | |
| CN113307162A (en) | Attachment device for tower crane wall attachment and installation process thereof | |
| CN112695645B (en) | Method for erecting stiffening beam of large-span suspension bridge | |
| JP4310583B2 (en) | Steel tower lifting device | |
| CN220638385U (en) | Movable tensioning device suitable for precast T beam edge and midspan hogging moment | |
| CN210775031U (en) | Anchorage device static load test platform | |
| WO2024148716A1 (en) | Method for erecting curved steel truss cable-stayed bridge | |
| CN218290242U (en) | Lifting equipment for building construction | |
| CN215946479U (en) | Oblique cantilever truss mounting structure and tool | |
| CN221740931U (en) | Clampable extension jogged butt pin hole device | |
| CN221798131U (en) | Bridge suspender hinge support | |
| CN217479985U (en) | Girder installation device adopting bracket and temporary inhaul cable |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |