CN219694805U - A scratch two-way force measurement device based on moment balance - Google Patents
A scratch two-way force measurement device based on moment balance Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本实用新型专利公开一种基于力矩平衡的划痕二向力测量装置，包括连接板和传感器连接块，连接板的截面为L形，连接板的水平部上端面上竖向凸出安装有回转轴，传感器连接块一端上贯通开设有配合回转轴安装的回转孔，回转轴和回转孔之间安装有回转轴承，传感器连接块与连接板的竖直部之间安装有第二微型称重传感器；传感器连接块另一端开设有安装槽，安装槽内安装有第一微型称重传感器和划痕刮头连接件，划痕刮头连接件一端紧压第一微型称重传感器，划痕刮头连接件另一端穿过安装槽伸出传感器连接块外；本实用新型满足在划痕过程中同时测量法向力与切向力，装置成本低，结构简单稳定，测量精度高，且易于更换。
The utility model patent discloses a scratch two-way force measurement device based on torque balance, which includes a connecting plate and a sensor connecting block. The cross-section of the connecting plate is L-shaped, and a vertically protruding return loop is installed on the upper end surface of the horizontal part of the connecting plate. Rotary shaft, one end of the sensor connecting block has a rotary hole that is installed with the rotary shaft. A rotary bearing is installed between the rotary shaft and the rotary hole. A second micro weighing sensor is installed between the sensor connecting block and the vertical part of the connecting plate. ; There is an installation slot at the other end of the sensor connection block, and the first micro weighing sensor and the scratch scraper connector are installed in the installation slot. One end of the scratch scraper connector presses the first micro load sensor, and the scratch scraper head The other end of the connector passes through the installation groove and extends out of the sensor connection block; the utility model can simultaneously measure the normal force and the tangential force during the scratching process. The device has low cost, a simple and stable structure, high measurement accuracy, and is easy to replace.
Description
技术领域Technical field
本实用新型涉及力学以及划痕仪器的法向力与切向力的测量领域，具体涉及一种基于力矩平衡的划痕二向力测量装置。The utility model relates to the fields of mechanics and the measurement of normal force and tangential force of scratch instruments, and specifically relates to a scratch two-way force measuring device based on moment balance.
背景技术Background technique
目前，一些划痕仪器中，采用相互独立的法向力模块和切向力模块来测量划痕过程中的法向力和切向力，需要划痕刮头与样品夹持台有其单独的测力模块。对于需要结构紧凑的划痕仪器，例如加载高温条件的划痕仪器，需要一种可以同时用来测量法向力与切向力的装置。目前已有的同时测量法向力与切向力的发明专利，申请号为201610184676.X的专利一种带有二向力测量功能的刮擦实验刮头，采用的是超静定结构设计，存在一定的误差，且不易计算误差的影响。本实用新型提出一种用于测量划痕过程中法向力与切向力的装置，将法向力与切向力解耦，法向力的测量不会影响切向力的测量，并分析了装置中静摩擦力对于切向力测量的影响。Currently, in some scratch instruments, independent normal force modules and tangential force modules are used to measure the normal force and tangential force during the scratching process, which requires the scratch scraper and sample holding platform to have separate Force measurement module. For scratch instruments that require a compact structure, such as scratch instruments loaded with high temperature conditions, a device that can be used to measure normal force and tangential force at the same time is needed. There are currently existing invention patents for measuring normal force and tangential force at the same time. The patent application number is 201610184676. There is a certain error, and it is difficult to calculate the impact of the error. The utility model proposes a device for measuring the normal force and the tangential force during the scratching process, which decouples the normal force and the tangential force. The measurement of the normal force will not affect the measurement of the tangential force, and analyzes The influence of static friction in the device on the tangential force measurement is demonstrated.
实用新型内容Utility model content
本实用新型专利目的是为解决上述问题，能实现划痕过程中法向力与切向力的精确测量，提出一种基于力矩平衡的划痕二向力测量装置，实时测量、记录划痕过程中的法向力与切向力；便于更换微型称重传感器以满足不同载荷的需求。The purpose of this utility model patent is to solve the above problems and achieve accurate measurement of normal force and tangential force during the scratching process. It proposes a scratch two-way force measurement device based on torque balance to measure and record the scratching process in real time. The normal force and tangential force in the load cell are easy to replace to meet the needs of different loads.
为达到上述目的所采取的技术方案是：The technical solutions adopted to achieve the above goals are:
一种基于力矩平衡的划痕二向力测量装置，其特征在于，包括连接板和传感器连接块，所述连接板的截面为L形，所述连接板的水平部上端面上竖向凸出安装有回转轴，所述传感器连接块一端上贯通开设有配合回转轴安装的回转孔，所述回转轴和回转孔之间安装有回转轴承，所述传感器连接块与连接板的竖直部之间安装有第二微型称重传感器；工作时，连接板的L形截面朝下放置；所述传感器连接块另一端开设有安装槽，所述安装槽内安装有第一微型称重传感器和划痕刮头连接件，所述划痕刮头连接件一端紧压第一微型称重传感器，所述划痕刮头连接件另一端穿过安装槽伸出传感器连接块外。A scratch two-way force measurement device based on moment balance, characterized by comprising a connecting plate and a sensor connecting block, the connecting plate has an L-shaped cross-section, and the upper end surface of the horizontal part of the connecting plate protrudes vertically A rotary shaft is installed, and a rotary hole for mounting the rotary shaft is penetrated on one end of the sensor connection block. A rotary bearing is installed between the rotary shaft and the rotary hole. The sensor connection block and the vertical part of the connecting plate are connected. A second micro weighing sensor is installed between them; when working, the L-shaped section of the connecting plate is placed downward; a mounting slot is provided at the other end of the sensor connecting block, and the first micro weighing sensor and the scale are installed in the mounting slot. The scratch scraping head connector has one end pressed against the first micro-weighing sensor, and the other end of the scratch scraping head connector passes through the mounting slot and extends out of the sensor connection block.
进一步，所述回转轴承为直线轴承。Further, the slewing bearing is a linear bearing.
进一步，所述传感器连接块的安装槽为方形槽，所述方形槽背向回转孔一端法向贯通设置有用于划痕刮头连接件伸出的条形槽，所述条形槽宽度小于方形槽宽度。Furthermore, the installation groove of the sensor connection block is a square groove. One end of the square groove facing away from the rotation hole is provided with a strip groove for extending the scratch scraper connector. The width of the strip groove is smaller than the square groove. slot width.
进一步，所述划痕刮头连接件包括限位压板和连接部，所述连接部一端安装在限位压板上，所述连接部另一端穿过条形槽伸出传感器连接块外，所述限位压板插装在方形槽内，并压紧第一微型称重传感器。Further, the scratch scraper connecting piece includes a limiting pressure plate and a connecting part. One end of the connecting part is installed on the limiting pressure plate, and the other end of the connecting part passes through the strip groove and extends out of the sensor connection block. The limit pressure plate is inserted into the square groove and presses the first miniature load cell.
进一步，所述划痕刮头连接件的连接部背向限位压板一端开设有安装划痕刮头的安装孔。Furthermore, an installation hole for installing the scratch scraper head is opened at one end of the connecting portion of the scratch scraper head connector facing away from the limiting pressure plate.
进一步，所述划痕刮头连接件的连接部与划痕刮头通过螺钉连接。Further, the connecting part of the scratching head connecting piece and the scratching head are connected by screws.
进一步，所述第二微型称重传感器法向安装在回转轴与划痕刮头连接件的连接部之间。Further, the second micro-load sensor is installed normally between the connecting portion of the rotary shaft and the scratching head connector.
进一步，所述第二微型称重传感器与连接板的竖直部通过螺钉连接，并且第二微型称重传感器安装在靠近划痕刮头连接件的连接部一端。Further, the second micro weighing sensor is connected to the vertical part of the connecting plate through screws, and the second micro weighing sensor is installed at one end of the connecting part close to the scratch scraping head connector.
进一步，所述连接板的水平部下端面通过螺钉安装有电机模组。Further, the motor module is installed on the lower end surface of the horizontal part of the connecting plate through screws.
本实用新型专利所具有的有益效果为：The beneficial effects of this utility model patent are:
本实用新型为一种基于力矩平衡的划痕二向力测量装置，用于测量划痕过程中的法向力与切向力，满足在划痕过程中同时测量法向力与切向力，并能方便的更换微型称重传感器和划痕刮头，并且零件间产生的静摩擦力对切向力的测量影响较小，本装置成本低，结构简单稳定，测量精度高，且易于更换。The utility model is a scratch two-way force measuring device based on torque balance, which is used to measure the normal force and the tangential force during the scratching process, and can simultaneously measure the normal force and the tangential force during the scratching process. The miniature load cell and scratch scraper can be easily replaced, and the static friction force generated between parts has little impact on the measurement of tangential force. This device has low cost, simple and stable structure, high measurement accuracy, and is easy to replace.
附图说明Description of the drawings
图1为本实用新型结构整体结构示意图；Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the utility model;
图2为本实用新型的连接板结构示意图；Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the connecting plate of the present utility model;
图3为本实用新型的传感器连接块结构示意图；Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the sensor connection block of the present utility model;
图4为本实用新型的划痕刮头连接件结构示意图；Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the scratch scraper connector of the present utility model;
图5为测量切向力和法向力的原理图。Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of measuring tangential force and normal force.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本实用新型专利进一步描述。The utility model patent will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
如图1-4所示，一种基于力矩平衡的划痕二向力测量装置，包括连接板1和传感器连接块2，所述连接板1的截面为L形，所述连接板1的水平部13上端面上竖向凸出安装有回转轴11，所述传感器连接块2一端上贯通开设有配合回转轴11安装的回转孔23，所述回转轴11和回转孔23之间安装有回转轴承6，本实用新型中，所述回转轴承6为直线轴承；所述传感器连接块2与连接板1的竖直部12之间安装有第二微型称重传感器3。As shown in Figure 1-4, a scratch two-way force measurement device based on torque balance includes a connecting plate 1 and a sensor connecting block 2. The cross-section of the connecting plate 1 is L-shaped, and the horizontal A rotary shaft 11 is installed vertically protruding from the upper end surface of the sensor connecting block 2. A rotary hole 23 is provided through one end of the sensor connection block 2 to fit the rotary shaft 11. A rotary shaft 11 is installed between the rotary shaft 11 and the rotary hole 23. Bearing 6. In the present utility model, the slewing bearing 6 is a linear bearing; a second micro weighing sensor 3 is installed between the sensor connecting block 2 and the vertical part 12 of the connecting plate 1.
如图1-4所示，所述传感器连接块2另一端开设有安装槽，所述安装槽内安装有第一微型称重传感器4和划痕刮头连接件5，所述划痕刮头连接件5一端紧压第一微型称重传感器4，使得第一微型称重传感器4有一定的预应力，所述划痕刮头连接件5另一端穿过安装槽伸出传感器连接块2外。As shown in Figure 1-4, the other end of the sensor connection block 2 is provided with an installation slot, and the first micro weighing sensor 4 and the scratch scraper connector 5 are installed in the installation slot. The scratch scraper head One end of the connector 5 presses the first micro load cell 4 so that the first micro load sensor 4 has a certain prestress, and the other end of the scratch head connector 5 passes through the installation slot and extends out of the sensor connection block 2 .
工作时，连接板1的L形截面朝下放置，将划痕刮头通过M4螺丝固定在划痕刮头连接件5上，当划痕刮头承受法向力时，会使划痕刮头连接件5与第一微型称重传感器4紧密接触而产生力，将此时的力减去之前的预应力，则为划痕过程中的划痕刮头承受的法向力，需要注意的是法向力需要大于划痕刮头连接件5的重力(约0.2N)，并且法向力的测量与切向力无关；将第二微型称重传感器3通过M3螺丝固定在连接板1的竖直部12上，并与传感器连接块2接触，当划痕刮头受到切向力时，第二微型称重传感器3会有一个测量力，此时测量力并不等于划痕刮头受到的切向力，需要通过力矩平衡来计算划痕刮头受到的切向力。When working, place the L-shaped section of the connecting plate 1 downward, and fix the scratch scraping head on the scratch scraping head connector 5 through M4 screws. When the scratch scraping head bears the normal force, the scratch scraping head will The connecting piece 5 is in close contact with the first micro load cell 4 to generate a force. Subtracting the previous prestress from the force at this time is the normal force borne by the scratching head during the scratching process. It should be noted that The normal force needs to be greater than the gravity of the scratch scraper connector 5 (about 0.2N), and the measurement of the normal force has nothing to do with the tangential force; fix the second micro load cell 3 to the vertical side of the connecting plate 1 through M3 screws On the straight part 12, and in contact with the sensor connection block 2, when the scratch scraper is subjected to a tangential force, the second micro weighing sensor 3 will have a measuring force. At this time, the measuring force is not equal to the tangential force exerted on the scratch scraper. Tangential force requires moment balance to calculate the tangential force on the scratching head.
如图1-4所示，为了实现第一微型称重传感器4的安装，本实用新型中所述传感器连接块2的安装槽为方形槽22，所述方形槽22背向回转孔23一端法向贯通设置有用于划痕刮头连接件5伸出的条形槽21，所述条形槽21宽度小于方形槽22宽度，方形槽22与条形槽21的高度相同，实现划痕刮头连接件5一部分位于方形槽22内预压第一微型称重传感器4，划痕刮头连接件5另一部分穿过条形槽21伸出传感器连接块2外。As shown in Figures 1-4, in order to realize the installation of the first miniature load cell 4, the installation groove of the sensor connection block 2 in the utility model is a square groove 22, and one end of the square groove 22 faces away from the rotation hole 23. A strip groove 21 for scratching and scraping head connecting piece 5 is provided through it. The width of said strip groove 21 is smaller than the width of square groove 22. The height of square groove 22 and strip groove 21 is the same to realize scratching and scraping head. A part of the connector 5 is located in the square groove 22 to pre-press the first micro load cell 4, and the other part of the scratch head connector 5 passes through the strip groove 21 and extends out of the sensor connection block 2.
如图1-4所示，为了实现划痕刮头安装在本装置上，本实施例中，所述划痕刮头连接件5包括限位压板51和连接部52，所述连接部52一端安装在限位压板51上，所述连接部52另一端穿过条形槽21伸出传感器连接块2外，所述限位压板51插装在方形槽22内，并压紧第一微型称重传感器4。优选的，所述划痕刮头连接件5的连接部52背向限位压板51一端开设有安装划痕刮头的安装孔53；所述划痕刮头连接件5的连接部52与划痕刮头通过螺钉连接，所述划痕刮头连接件5的连接部52上开设有M4的螺丝孔，用来螺钉固定划痕刮头。As shown in Figures 1-4, in order to install the scratching head on the device, in this embodiment, the scratching head connector 5 includes a limiting pressure plate 51 and a connecting portion 52. One end of the connecting portion 52 Installed on the limit pressure plate 51, the other end of the connecting portion 52 passes through the strip groove 21 and extends out of the sensor connection block 2. The limit pressure plate 51 is inserted into the square groove 22 and presses the first micro scale. Heavy sensor 4. Preferably, the connecting portion 52 of the scratch scraper connector 5 is provided with a mounting hole 53 for mounting the scratch scraper at one end facing away from the limiting pressure plate 51; the connecting portion 52 of the scratch scraper connector 5 is connected to the scratch scraper. The scratch scraping head is connected by screws. The connecting portion 52 of the scratch scraping head connector 5 is provided with an M4 screw hole for screwing the scratch scraping head.
如图1-4所示，为了更好的测量法向力，所述第二微型称重传感器3法向安装在回转轴11与划痕刮头连接件5的连接部52之间；所述第二微型称重传感器3与连接板1的竖直部12通过螺钉连接，并且第二微型称重传感器3安装在靠近划痕刮头连接件5的连接部52一端。As shown in Figures 1-4, in order to better measure the normal force, the second micro load cell 3 is normally installed between the rotation axis 11 and the connection portion 52 of the scratch scraper connector 5; The second micro load cell 3 is connected to the vertical part 12 of the connecting plate 1 through screws, and the second micro load cell 3 is installed at one end of the connection part 52 close to the scratch scraper connector 5 .
本实施例中，所述连接板1的水平部13下端面通过螺钉安装有电机模组。In this embodiment, the motor module is installed on the lower end surface of the horizontal part 13 of the connecting plate 1 through screws.
本实用新型工作原理：The working principle of this utility model:
工作时，划痕刮头竖向按压在物体上，划痕刮头沿着虚线箭头向右运动，当划痕刮头承受法向力时，会使划痕刮头连接件5与第一微型称重传感器4紧密接触而产生力，将此时的力减去之前的预应力，则为划痕过程中的划痕刮头承受的法向力；当划痕刮头受到切向力时，第二微型称重传感器3会有一个测量力，此时测量力并不等于划痕刮头受到的切向力，需要通过力矩平衡来计算划痕刮头受到的切向力，具体计算方式如下所示。During operation, the scratch scraper head is pressed vertically on the object, and the scratch scraper head moves to the right along the dotted arrow. When the scratch scraper head bears the normal force, the scratch scraper head connector 5 will be connected to the first micro The load cell 4 is in close contact and generates force. Subtracting the previous prestress from the force at this time is the normal force endured by the scratching head during the scratching process; when the scratching head is subjected to tangential force, The second micro weighing sensor 3 will have a measuring force. At this time, the measuring force is not equal to the tangential force on the scratching head. The tangential force on the scratching head needs to be calculated through moment balance. The specific calculation method is as follows shown.
图5是测量切向力和法向力的原理图，传感器连接块2可以简化为一个杆，采用直线轴承，下端为划痕刮头的简化图；划痕刮头向右运动(虚线箭头表示划痕方向)，划痕刮头受到一个切向力Ft，在距离直线轴承L1的地方是第二微型称重传感器3的中心，测得的力值为Fc，由受力分析知直线轴承承受的合力矩为0，故对直线轴承的中心取力矩，可以得到方程：Figure 5 is a schematic diagram for measuring tangential force and normal force. The sensor connection block 2 can be simplified as a rod, using a linear bearing, and the lower end is a simplified diagram of the scratch scraper; the scratch scraper moves to the right (indicated by the dotted arrow) (scratch direction), the scratch scraper is subjected to a tangential force F t , and the distance from the linear bearing L 1 is the center of the second micro-load sensor 3 . The measured force value is F c , which is known from the force analysis. The resultant moment endured by the linear bearing is 0, so taking the moment at the center of the linear bearing, the equation can be obtained:
Fc*L1＝Ft*L2 F c *L 1 =F t *L 2
Ft＝L1*Fc/L2 F t =L 1 *F c /L 2
由此可以获得切向力的真实值Ft，当划痕刮头同时受到法向力与切向力时，第二微型称重传感器3与传感器连接块2之间存在静摩擦力f，这会影响力矩的平衡，从而影响切向力的测量，可以知道静摩擦力f小于Fc，且对直线轴承取矩时，其力矩远小于Fc对直线轴承的力矩，Mf<0.1MFc(对于45钢，有润滑的摩擦系数为0.1-0.12，f小于Fc，且f力臂小于Fc的力臂)，所以静摩擦力f的影响可以忽略不计(如加长Fc的力臂，则影响更小)。From this, the true value of the tangential force F t can be obtained. When the scratch scraper is subjected to both the normal force and the tangential force, there is a static friction force f between the second micro load cell 3 and the sensor connection block 2, which will Affects the balance of torque, thereby affecting the measurement of tangential force. It can be known that the static friction force f is less than F c , and when the torque is applied to the linear bearing, the torque is much smaller than the torque of Fc to the linear bearing, M f <0.1M Fc (for 45 Steel, the lubricated friction coefficient is 0.1-0.12, f is smaller than F c , and the moment arm f is smaller than the moment arm of F c ), so the influence of static friction force f can be ignored (if the moment arm of F c is lengthened, the influence will be greater Small).
本实施例并非对本实用新型专利的形状、材料、结构等作任何形式上的限制，凡是依据本实用新型专利的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与修饰，均属于本实用新型专利技术方案的保护范围。This embodiment does not impose any formal restrictions on the shape, material, structure, etc. of the utility model patent. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the utility model patent belong to the utility model patent. The scope of protection of new patented technical solutions.
最后应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本实用新型专利的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本实用新型专利进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换，但这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本实用新型专利各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the utility model patent, but not to limit it; although the utility model patent has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that : It is still possible to modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or to equivalently replace some of the technical features, but these modifications or substitutions do not deviate from the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the technology of the embodiments of the present utility model patent. The spirit and scope of the program.
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