CN109615225B - Meta-motion assembly quality assessment method and device of ball screw mechanism - Google Patents
Meta-motion assembly quality assessment method and device of ball screw mechanism Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a meta-motion assembly quality evaluation method of a ball screw mechanism, which comprises the following steps that firstly, a rotating meta-motion unit of the ball screw mechanism to be evaluated is obliquely installed in a freely rotatable manner at a fixed angle, so that a moving meta-motion unit of the ball screw mechanism to be evaluated can move downwards along the rotating meta-motion unit under the action of gravity; moving the moving element action unit to the upper end of the rotating element action unit, releasing the moving element action unit to move downwards along the rotating element action unit, and recording the time t of the downward movement of the moving element action unit and the corresponding speed and acceleration; and calculating the total speed deviation and the acceleration deviation of the downward movement of the moving element action unit, wherein the total speed deviation and the acceleration deviation are qualified if the total speed deviation and the acceleration deviation are smaller than set values, and the total speed deviation and the acceleration deviation are not qualified if the total speed deviation and the acceleration deviation are not smaller than the set values. The method has the advantages of clear principle, simple operation and accurate and reliable measuring result, and the device has the advantages of reasonable structural design, convenient use, accurate measurement and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mechanical product assembly, in particular to a meta-motion assembly quality evaluation method and a meta-motion assembly quality evaluation device for a ball screw mechanism.
Background
The function of the mechanical product is realized by relative movement between components, and the component movement is driven by the most basic element action. The moving and rotating elements are matched and exist in a plurality of mechanical parts, such as a ball screw pair, a planetary roller screw, a screw rod lifter, an oil support and other screw rod/screw rod type transmission devices. Its main function is to convert rotary motion into linear motion. The device is completed by matching a moving element action unit and a rotating element action unit together, takes a ball screw as an example and comprises a nut moving element action unit and a screw rod rotating element action unit. The quality of the performance of the transmission functional part (the quality of the assembly between the moving and rotating element action units) directly influences the key quality characteristics (precision, precision life and reliability, PAR for short) of the whole machine of the mechanical product. The evaluation link is used as the last step of product production, unqualified products can be found and removed, and the unqualified products are prevented from flowing into the hands of customers, so that the evaluation link is the basis for judging the quality reliability index of the products by enterprises and is the last defense line for the enterprises to guarantee the product quality. In addition, the evaluation may also provide feedback guidance for previous links. At present, the existing mechanical product motion performance measurement technology and equipment are all directed at complete machines or parts, the cooperation judgment between actions basically depends on experience, and equipment for quantitatively evaluating the assembly quality between action units of moving elements and rotating elements is lacked. The simple and efficient research theory and the reasonable and feasible measurement method are adopted to quantitatively evaluate the assembly quality between the moving element action unit and the rotating element action unit, and have important significance for improving the quality and the reliability of mechanical products.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: how to provide a principle clear, easy to operate, can convenient and swift carry on quantitative assessment method and apparatus to moving element action unit and assembly quality of the rotating element action unit of the ball screw mechanism.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a meta-motion assembly quality assessment method of a ball screw mechanism is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, a rotating element action unit of a ball screw mechanism to be evaluated is obliquely installed in a free rotating mode at a fixed angle, so that a moving element action unit of the ball screw mechanism to be evaluated can move downwards along the rotating element action unit under the action of gravity, and the rotating element action unit can rotate freely;
moving the moving element action unit to the upper end of the rotating element action unit in the axial direction, releasing the moving element action unit to move the moving element action unit downwards along the rotating element action unit to the lower end of the rotating element action unit in the axial direction, and recording the time t of the moving element action unit moving downwards and the corresponding speed and acceleration;
step three, calculating the total speed deviation delta and the acceleration deviation delta of the downward movement of the moving element action unit, wherein the specific formula is as follows:
Δ＝Max(f(x))-Min(f(x))
if delta is less than or equal to delta 1 And delta is less than or equal to delta 1 If the assembly quality of the ball screw mechanism to be evaluated is qualified, otherwise, the assembly quality is unqualified;
in the formula: f (x) is the actual acceleration function of the motion unit of the mobile element; g (x) is a theoretical acceleration function of the motion unit of the mobile element; delta. For the preparation of a coating 1 Is the maximum value of the set overall speed deviation; delta 1 Is the set maximum value of the acceleration deviation.
The device comprises a test bench and a ball screw mechanism to be evaluated, wherein the ball screw mechanism to be evaluated is arranged on the test bench in parallel, and two ends of a rotating element action unit of the ball screw mechanism to be evaluated are respectively and freely and rotatably arranged on the test bench through a first bearing seat and a second bearing seat; the test bed is also provided with a barrier strip which is arranged in parallel with the rotating element action unit, and the moving element action unit of the ball screw mechanism to be evaluated is provided with a limiting slide block; the test bed is inclined upwards along one axial end of the rotating element action unit, so that the moving element action unit can move downwards along the rotating element action unit under the action of gravity; the limiting slide block is slidably attached to one side of the barrier strip, so that the moving element action unit only moves along the axial direction of the rotating element action unit under the action of gravity; the test bed is also provided with a displacement sensor for detecting the moving distance of the moving element action unit and a time recorder for detecting the moving time of the moving element action unit; the reading head of the displacement sensor is fixedly connected to the limiting sliding block, and the displacement sensor and the time recorder are connected to a computer through data acquisition equipment.
Furthermore, an angular contact ball bearing is further mounted on the limiting sliding block, abuts against one side of the barrier strip and can roll along the length direction of the barrier strip.
Furthermore, a first aerostatic bearing and a second aerostatic bearing are respectively installed in the first bearing seat and the second bearing seat.
Furthermore, the displacement sensor is a grating ruler which is arranged in parallel with the rotating element action unit at intervals, and the height of the grating ruler is flush with the height of the moving element action unit.
Further, the time recorder comprises a first photoelectric timer and a second photoelectric timer which are arranged along the axial direction of the rotating element action unit, the heights of the first photoelectric timer and the second photoelectric timer are consistent with the height of the moving element action unit, and the first photoelectric timer and the second photoelectric timer are respectively opposite to the upper end and the lower end of the rotating element action unit.
Further, the first photoelectric timer and the second photoelectric timer are both reflection-type photoelectric timers.
Further, the first bearing seat and the second bearing seat are movably arranged at two ends of the test bed.
In summary, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention starts from the most basic 'action' of mechanical products, divides a measuring object into a moving element action unit and a rotating element action unit, and measures the assembling quality of the two element action units according to the smoothness of relative movement of the two element action units.
2. The invention measures the gliding displacement time parameter of the moving element action unit, obtains the image of the gliding acceleration of the moving element action unit after the computer operation, and quantifies the assembling quality between the element action units by analyzing the smoothness of the image.
3. The invention adopts the aerostatic bearing and the aerostatic pressure, thereby greatly reducing the friction influence of other parts on a measuring object and improving the measuring precision of the device.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a unit motion assembly quality evaluation device of a ball screw mechanism.
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of overall velocity bias and acceleration pole difference measurements.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
In the specific implementation: as shown in fig. 1, the device for evaluating the unit action assembly quality of the ball screw mechanism is characterized by comprising a test bed 8, a ball screw mechanism to be evaluated, which is arranged on the test bed 8 in parallel, wherein two ends of a rotating unit action unit 4 of the ball screw mechanism to be evaluated are respectively and freely rotatably arranged on the test bed 8 through a first bearing seat 6 and a second bearing seat 14; the test bed 8 is also provided with a barrier strip 9 which is arranged in parallel with the rotating element action unit 4, and the moving element action unit 3 of the ball screw mechanism to be evaluated is provided with a limiting slide block 11; the test bed 8 inclines upwards along one axial end of the rotating element action unit 4, so that the moving element action unit can move downwards along the rotating element action unit under the action of gravity; the limiting slide block 11 can be attached to one side of the barrier strip 9 in a sliding manner, so that the moving element action unit 3 only moves along the axial direction of the rotating element action unit under the action of gravity; the test bed 8 is also provided with a displacement sensor 2 for detecting the moving distance of the moving element action unit 3 and a time recorder for detecting the moving time of the moving element action unit 3; the reading head of the displacement sensor 2 is fixedly connected to the limiting slide block 11, and the displacement sensor 2 and the time recorder are connected to a computer 13 through a data acquisition device 12. The limiting sliding block 11 is further provided with an angular contact ball bearing 10, and the angular contact ball bearing 10 is attached to one side of the barrier strip 9 and can roll along the length direction of the barrier strip 9. A first aerostatic bearing 7 and a second aerostatic bearing 15 are mounted in the first bearing housing 6 and the second bearing housing 14, respectively. The purpose of using aerostatic bearings and bars is to reduce the frictional effects of other components on the measurement object. The displacement sensor 2 is a grating ruler which is arranged in parallel with the rotating element action unit 4 at intervals, and the height of the grating ruler is flush with that of the moving element action unit 3. The time recorder comprises a first photoelectric timer 1 and a second photoelectric timer 5 which are arranged along the axial direction of the rotating element action unit 4, the heights of the first photoelectric timer 1 and the second photoelectric timer 5 are consistent with the height of the moving element action unit 3, and the heights of the first photoelectric timer 1 and the second photoelectric timer are respectively opposite to the upper end and the lower end of the rotating element action unit 4. The first and second photoelectric timers 1 and 5 are both reflection-type photoelectric timers. Therefore, the first photoelectric timer 1 and the second photoelectric timer 5 can be installed on one side of the ball screw mechanism to realize detection, and the installation is more convenient. The first bearing seat 6 and the second bearing seat 14 are movably installed at both ends of the test stand 8. The adjustable installation can meet the test requirements of ball screw mechanisms of different specifications.
The moving element action unit 3 slides down along the rotating element action unit 4 under the action of gravity, and the rotating element action unit 4 rotates and the moving element action unit 3 moves linearly under the limitation of the bearing and the barrier strip. The displacement and time parameters of the whole gliding process of the moving element action unit 3 are recorded by using a non-contact displacement measuring instrument 2 and a time recording instrument, the speed and the acceleration of each time point in the process are obtained through computer operation, the image of the speed and the acceleration can reflect the change trend of the friction force (the specific numerical value of the friction force does not need to be known), and then the smoothness of the gliding of the moving element action unit 3 is used as the standard for judging the assembling quality of the two element action units.
The test method of the invention is as follows: moving the moving element action unit 3 to the upper end of the rotating element action unit 4 to align with the second photoelectric timer 5, then loosening the moving element action unit, enabling the moving element action unit to start to slide downwards along the rotating element action unit 4 by virtue of gravity, simultaneously starting timing by the second photoelectric timer 5, starting recording the sliding-down process by the non-contact type displacement measuring instrument 2 until the moving element action unit 3 slides to the bottom of the rotating element action unit 4, namely the position of the first photoelectric timer 1, ending timing, obtaining displacement and time parameters through the data acquisition equipment 12, and obtaining an acceleration image in the sliding-down process of the moving element action unit 3 after being processed by the computer 13, wherein the acceleration image can reflect the change of friction force, namely the assembly quality of the two element action units.
As shown in fig. 2, two measures of the glide smoothness of the motion unit are taken according to the acceleration curve: δ (overall velocity deviation) and Δ (acceleration pole difference). The calculation formula is as follows:
Δ＝Max(f(x))-Min(f(x))
the larger delta indicates that the speed change of the moving element action unit in the sliding process is unstable, and the reason is that the assembly quality is poor due to the change of the friction force between the moving element action unit and the rotating element action unit; the larger delta indicates that the acceleration change is larger in the sliding-down process of the moving element action unit, the stress change is larger, and the assembling quality is poor. Therefore, the acceleration of the two element action units with good assembly quality is relatively stable and the speed change is relatively uniform in the gliding process of the device; and the total speed deviation and the acceleration range in the gliding process of the two element action units with good assembly quality are smaller, and the delta with the regulated upper limit can be calculated according to the image of the acceleration curve obtained by the computer 1 And Δ 1 Comparing to evaluate the assembly quality of the moving and rotating element action units, namely delta is less than or equal to delta 1 And delta is less than or equal to delta 1 If the assembly quality of the ball screw mechanism to be evaluated is qualified, otherwise, the assembly quality is unqualified.
The invention well fills the blank that no relevant measuring technology and device exist for the evaluation of the assembly quality between the moving and rotating element action units of the mechanical product, and the evaluation method has important significance for improving the reliability and market competitiveness of the mechanical product.
The above description is only exemplary of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting, and any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A meta-motion assembly quality evaluation method of a ball screw mechanism is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, a rotating element action unit of a ball screw mechanism to be evaluated is obliquely installed in a freely rotatable manner at a fixed angle, so that a moving element action unit of the ball screw mechanism to be evaluated can move downwards along the rotating element action unit under the action of gravity and can freely rotate;
moving the moving element action unit to the upper end of the rotating element action unit in the axial direction, releasing the moving element action unit, enabling the moving element action unit to move downwards along the rotating element action unit to the lower end of the rotating element action unit in the axial direction, and recording the time t of the moving element action unit moving downwards, and the corresponding speed and acceleration;
step three, calculating the total speed deviation delta and the acceleration deviation delta of the downward movement of the moving element action unit, wherein the specific formula is as follows:
Δ＝Max(f(x))-Min(f(x))
if it is
The assembling quality of the ball screw mechanism to be evaluated is qualified, otherwise, the assembling quality is unqualified;
in the formula: f (x) is a mobile unit action unitA function of the inter-acceleration; g (x) is a theoretical acceleration function of the motion unit of the mobile element; delta. For the preparation of a coating 1 Is the maximum value of the set overall speed deviation; delta 1 Is the set maximum value of the acceleration deviation.
2. The element motion assembly quality evaluation device of the ball screw mechanism is characterized by comprising a test bed (8) and a ball screw mechanism to be evaluated, wherein the ball screw mechanism to be evaluated is arranged on the test bed (8) in parallel, and two ends of a rotating element motion unit (4) of the ball screw mechanism to be evaluated are respectively and freely and rotatably arranged on the test bed (8) through a first bearing seat (6) and a second bearing seat (14); the test bed (8) is also provided with a barrier strip (9) which is arranged in parallel with the rotating element action unit (4), and the moving element action unit (3) of the ball screw mechanism to be evaluated is provided with a limiting slide block (11); the test bed (8) inclines upwards along one axial end of the rotating element action unit (4), so that the moving element action unit can move downwards along the rotating element action unit under the action of gravity; the limiting slide block (11) can be attached to one side of the barrier strip (9) in a sliding mode, so that the moving element action unit (3) only moves along the axial direction of the rotating element action unit under the action of gravity; the test bed (8) is also provided with a displacement sensor (2) for detecting the moving distance of the moving element action unit (3) and a time recorder for detecting the moving time of the moving element action unit (3); the reading head of the displacement sensor (2) is fixedly connected to the limiting sliding block (11), and the displacement sensor (2) and the time recorder are connected to the computer (13) through the data acquisition equipment (12).
3. The meta motion assembly quality evaluation device of a ball screw mechanism according to claim 2, wherein an angular contact ball bearing (10) is further mounted on the limit slider (11), and the angular contact ball bearing (10) abuts against one side of the barrier strip (9) and can roll along the length direction of the barrier strip (9).
4. The meta motion assembly quality evaluation device of a ball screw mechanism according to claim 2, wherein a first aerostatic bearing (7) and a second aerostatic bearing (15) are installed in the first bearing housing (6) and the second bearing housing (14), respectively.
5. The meta motion assembly quality evaluation device of a ball screw mechanism according to claim 2, wherein the displacement sensor (2) is a grating scale disposed in parallel with the rotary meta motion unit (4) at a spacing, and the height of the grating scale is flush with the height of the moving meta motion unit (3).
6. The meta-motion assembly quality assessment apparatus of a ball screw mechanism according to claim 2, wherein said time recorder comprises a first photoelectric timer (1) and a second photoelectric timer (5) arranged in the axial direction of said rotary member motion unit (4), the height of said first photoelectric timer (1) and said second photoelectric timer (5) corresponding to the height of said moving member motion unit (3) and respectively facing the upper end and the lower end of said rotary member motion unit (4).
7. The meta-motion assembly quality evaluation device of a ball screw mechanism according to claim 6, wherein the first and second photoelectric timers (1, 5) are reflective photoelectric timers.
8. The meta motion assembly quality evaluation device of a ball screw mechanism according to claim 2, wherein the first bearing housing (6) and the second bearing housing (14) are movably installed at both ends of the test stand (8).
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