CN219691586U - Artificial roof layout structure easy to fill and connect roof - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides an artificial roof layout structure easy to fill and connect, which comprises a bottom layer layout structure arranged on a road bottom plate and a fixing assembly arranged in surrounding rock of a wall; the bottom layer laying structure comprises a reinforcing mesh, plastic cloth and an ore cushion layer which are sequentially laid on the access bottom plate from top to bottom; the ore cushion layer is provided with a protruding structure with increased thickness along the advancing direction at preset intervals, and the protruding structure is used for forming a lifting space which is easy to fill and connect the roof at the top plate of the next layer. Compared with the goaf with a horizontal top plate, the goaf provided with the lifting space is easier to fill the false roof, so that the filling bodies in the adjacent goafs in the vertical direction are connected into a whole, and the safety of the artificial false roof is improved; and meanwhile, second ores are uniformly and alternately distributed between the reinforcing mesh and the plastic cloth, so that a void space for containing filling slurry is formed between the reinforcing mesh and the plastic cloth, the reinforcing mesh is firmly wrapped in the filling body, and the stability of the filling body is further improved.

Description

Artificial roof layout structure easy to fill and connect roof

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of mining, in particular to an artificial roof layout structure easy to fill and connect roof.

Background

The approach filling mining method has wide application in the field of mining due to the advantages of small exposed area of stopes, safe stoping operation, high resource recovery rate and the like. The mining width and span of the access stope are smaller, the roadway tunneling is similar, the safety of stoping operation is guaranteed through a smaller exposed area, retaining walls are built after ore is discharged, and a filling mode is adopted to backfill the dead zone, so that conditions are created for stoping of surrounding stopes.

Goaf filling is an important link in the mine stoping process, whether goaf filling is sufficient or not is a key point affecting filling quality, and safety and high-efficiency stoping of surrounding stopes are seriously affected. In the upward approach filling mining method, the goaf filling is not connected with the roof, so that the filling body cannot effectively support the goaf roof, and a roof large-area caving accident is caused. In the downward approach filling mining method, filling of goafs without roof connection can lead filling bodies in adjacent goafs in the vertical direction to be unable to be connected into a whole, so that the occurrence of collapse and instability accidents of the filling bodies is caused.

In order to fully fill the roof, in the upward approach filling mining method, a certain space is usually formed by lifting a top plate of a goaf at a proper position before filling, and a filling pipeline is hung at the lifted position, so that the filling roof is ensured. However, in the downward route filling mining method, the next layered route roof is an artificial roof constructed by materials such as steel bars, and the strength is higher than that of rocks, and a pipe hanging space cannot be formed by adopting a raising method, so that the filling roof-connecting effect is affected. The utility model discloses a reinforcing bar concrete false bottom structure of improvement downward approach stope false roof stability, including setting up the ore bed course on the bottom plate, lay the braided bag above the ore bed course, be equipped with a plurality of main bars and a plurality of auxiliary bars on the braided bag, the main bar with the auxiliary bar sets up perpendicularly and forms the reinforcing bar net, fixed being equipped with on the surrounding rock of ore bed course periphery and hanging pile muscle, upper disc shoulder pre-tie bar, lower disc pile bar and lower disc shoulder pre-tie bar, the reinforcing bar net pass through the connecting reinforcement respectively with upper disc pile bar upper disc shoulder pre-tie bar lower disc pile bar and lower disc shoulder pre-tie bar is connected, pour on the ore bed course and cover the concrete of reinforcing bar net forms upper disc reinforcing bar concrete false bottom and lower disc reinforcing bar concrete false bottom that the adjacent setting side by side. The bottom plate of the reinforced concrete false bottom structure is horizontally arranged, namely, when filling in the next layering, the top plate is a horizontal top plate, so that the filling and top-connecting operation is not well realized.

In view of the foregoing, there is a need for an improved artificial roof layout structure that is easy to fill and connect.

Disclosure of Invention

According to the artificial roof layout structure easy to fill and connect, the raised structures with the increased thickness of the ore cushion layer are arranged on the ore cushion layer along the advancing direction at preset distances, the reinforcing steel bar meshes and the plastic cloth are attached to the raised structures, when the advancing of the next layer is driven, the ore cushion layer and the raised structures in the previous layer are exploded together and fall off, so that a raising space is formed at the top plate of the next layer, compared with a goaf of the top plate level, the goaf provided with the raising space is easier to fill the artificial roof, so that filling bodies in adjacent goafs in the vertical direction are connected into a whole, and the safety of the artificial roof is improved.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model provides an artificial roof layout structure easy to fill and connect, which comprises a bottom layer layout structure arranged on a road bottom plate and a fixing component arranged in surrounding rock of a wall; the bottom layer paving structure comprises a reinforcing mesh, plastic cloth and an ore cushion layer which are sequentially paved on the access bottom plate from top to bottom; the ore cushion layer is provided with a protruding structure with increased thickness of the ore cushion layer along the advancing direction at preset distances, and the protruding structure is used for forming a lifting space which is easy to fill and connect the roof at the top plate of the next layering.

As a further improvement of the utility model, the ore cushion layer is formed by stacking first ores with the diameter smaller than 5 cm; the thickness of the ore cushion layer is 0.15-0.25m, and the thickness of the protruding structures is 0.8-1.5m.

As a further improvement of the utility model, the distance between adjacent convex structures is 15-20m.

As a further improvement of the utility model, the convex structure is one of a hemispherical shape, a cuboid, a cylinder and a prism.

As a further improvement of the utility model, second ores are distributed between the reinforcing mesh and the plastic cloth at intervals so that empty spaces for containing filler slurry are formed between the reinforcing mesh and the plastic cloth.

As a further improvement of the utility model, the thickness of the empty area is 0.08-0.15m; the diameter of the second ore is 5-10cm.

As a further improvement of the utility model, the reinforcing mesh comprises a plurality of transverse ribs and longitudinal ribs which are arranged in a staggered manner; the transverse ribs and the longitudinal ribs are bent at the protruding structures, so that the reinforcing mesh, the plastic cloth and the ore cushion layer are attached at the protruding structures.

As a further improvement of the utility model, the intersection point of the transverse ribs and the longitudinal ribs is fixedly connected; the fixed connection mode is one of binding and welding.

As a further improvement of the utility model, the fixing component comprises anchor rods arranged in the upper and lower wall rocks and the entrance head face, and the reinforcing mesh is connected with the anchor rods.

As a further improvement of the utility model, the utility model also comprises a plurality of hanging bars which are perpendicular to the reinforcing mesh and are connected with the reinforcing mesh of the last layer.

The beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows:

(1) According to the artificial roof layout structure easy to fill and connect, the raised structures with the increased thickness of the ore cushion layer are arranged on the ore cushion layer along the advancing direction at each preset distance, the reinforcing mesh and the plastic cloth are attached to the raised structures, when the advancing of the next layering is conducted, the ore cushion layer and the raised structures in the previous layering are blasted together and fall down, so that a raising space is formed at the top plate of the next layering, compared with a goaf with the horizontal top plate, the goaf with the raising space is easier to fill the artificial roof, and therefore filling bodies in adjacent goafs in the vertical direction are connected into a whole, and the safety of the artificial roof is improved.

(2) According to the artificial roof layout structure easy to fill and connect, the second ores are distributed between the reinforcing mesh and the plastic cloth, and are uniformly and alternately distributed, so that a certain empty area is formed between the reinforcing mesh and the plastic cloth, and filling slurry can enter the empty area when filling and connect, so that the reinforcing mesh is firmly wrapped in the filling body to form a reinforced concrete plate, the reinforcing mesh and the filling body are integrally formed, and the stability of the filling body is further improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a top view of an artificial roof layout structure of the present utility model that is easily filled with roof.

FIG. 2 is a side view of an artificial roof layout structure of the present utility model that is easily filled with roof.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged view of a in fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of filling the next layering.

Reference numerals

1-a bottom layer paving structure; 2-raising the space; 3-an air outlet pipe; 4-signal tube; 5-feeding pipe; 6-goaf; 11-a reinforcing mesh; 12-plastic cloth; 13-ore bedding; 14-a bump structure; 15-a second ore; 111-transverse ribs; 112-longitudinal bars.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present utility model more apparent, the present utility model will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

It should be noted that, in order to avoid obscuring the present utility model due to unnecessary details, only structures and/or processing steps closely related to aspects of the present utility model are shown in the drawings, and other details not greatly related to the present utility model are omitted.

In addition, it should be further noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

Referring to fig. 1 to 4, the present utility model provides an artificial roof layout structure easy to fill and connect, which is suitable for laying artificial false bottoms (the false bottom of the present layer is the false roof of the next layer) in a downward approach filling mining method; comprises a bottom layer paving structure 1 arranged on a road bottom plate and a fixing component arranged in wall surrounding rock. The bottom layer paving structure 1 comprises a reinforcing mesh 11, plastic cloth 12 and an ore cushion layer 13 which are paved on a road base plate in sequence from top to bottom; the ore cushion layer 13 is provided with a raised structure 14 with increased thickness of the ore cushion layer along the advancing direction at preset intervals, and the reinforcing mesh 11 and the plastic cloth 12 are still attached to the ore cushion layer 13 at the raised structure 14 (the plastic cloth 12 is not shown in fig. 1). So arranged, when the next layered approach is driven, the ore cushion layer 13 in the previous layered layer is blasted together and falls down, so that a raising space 2 as shown in fig. 4 is formed at the top plate of the next layered layer, and the goaf 6 is more easily filled with the false roof due to the existence of the raising space 2.

Specifically, the ore cushion 13 is formed by stacking first ores having a diameter of less than 5 cm. The thickness of the raised structures 14 in the ore cushion layer 13 is 0.8-1.5m (i.e. the distance of the highest point of the raised structures 14 from the access floor); the thickness of the ore cushion layer 13 is 0.15-0.25m except for the protrusion structures 14.

The number of the protruding structures 14 is determined according to the length of the access stope, and when the access stope is long, a plurality of protruding structures 14 can be arranged, so that filling and roof grafting of the goaf 6 can be facilitated. The distance between adjacent bump structures 14 is 15-20m.

The bump structure 14 is a variety of structures that are artificially stacked. The bump structure 14 is one of hemispherical, rectangular, cylindrical, prismatic, etc. When the bump structure 14 is hemispherical, the distance from the highest point of the bump structure 14 to the entrance floor is 0.8-1.5m, and the bottom surface of the bump structure 14 is circular with a diameter of 2-4 m. When the bump structure 14 is a rectangular parallelepiped, the height of the bump structure 14 is 0.8-1.5m, and the bottom surface is a rectangle with a length of 3-4m and a width of 1.5-2.5 m. When the bump structure 14 is cylindrical, the height of the bump structure 14 is 0.8-1.5m, and the bottom surface of the bump structure 14 is circular with a diameter of 2-4 m. It should be appreciated that various raised structures 14 that are artificially stacked are within the scope of the present utility model. The width of the approach stope is 3-5m.

The plastic cloth 12 is laid over the ore cushion 13 and still adheres to the first ore of the ore cushion 13 at the raised structures 14. The plastic cloth 12 is used for isolating filling slurry, preventing the filling slurry from penetrating the ore cushion layer 13 below, so that the ore cushion layer 13 is solidified, further influencing the exploitation of the next layer, and ensuring that the plastic cloth 12 in the adjacent approach stope in the same horizontal layer has enough lap joint size, so that the filling slurry cannot leak into the ore cushion layer 13; on the other hand, laying the plastic cloth 12 can improve the surface flatness of the filler bottom.

The reinforcing mesh 11 is laid on the plastic cloth 12. The reinforcing mesh 11 is bent at the raised structures 14 so that it still fits over the mineral blanket 13 and the plastic cloth 12 at the raised structures 14.

The reinforcing mesh 11 comprises a plurality of transverse ribs 111 and longitudinal ribs 112 which are arranged in a staggered manner. The intersection points of the transverse ribs 111 and the longitudinal ribs 112 are fixedly connected in a binding or welding mode, so that the transverse ribs 111 and the longitudinal ribs 112 form a whole, and the stability of the artificial false roof is improved.

The diameter of the transverse rib 111 is 15-17mm, preferably 16mm, and the model is HRB335 round steel; the longitudinal ribs 112 have a diameter of 15-17mm, preferably 16mm diameter round steel of type HRB 335. The mesh size of the reinforcing mesh 11 is longitudinal bars×transverse bars= (0.25-0.3) m× (0.25-0.3) m, and the mesh of the reinforcing mesh 11 is of a square structure, that is, the transverse bars 111 and the longitudinal bars 112 in the mesh are equal in size.

As shown in fig. 3, in some embodiments, the second ore 15 is disposed between the reinforcing mesh 11 and the plastic cloth 12, and the second ore 15 is uniformly and intermittently distributed (the second ore 15 is not required to be too much, so long as a containing space is formed between the reinforcing mesh 11 and the plastic cloth 12). By the arrangement, a certain empty area is formed between the reinforcing mesh 11 and the plastic cloth 12, and filling slurry can enter the empty area when filling and jacking are carried out, so that the reinforcing mesh 11 is firmly wrapped in the filling body, the reinforcing mesh 11 and the filling body are integrally formed, and the stability of the filling body is further improved. The diameter of the second ore 15 is 5-10cm; the empty region for containing the filler slurry has a thickness of 0.08-0.15m. In some embodiments, the second ore 15 and the mesh reinforcement 11 may be fixed in order to firmly arrange the second ore 15 between the mesh reinforcement 11 and the plastic cloth 12.

The artificial roof layout structure easy to fill and connect with roof further comprises a plurality of hanging bars (not shown) which are perpendicular to the reinforcing mesh 11 and are connected to the reinforcing mesh 11 of the previous layer. The upper and lower ends of the hanging bar are connected to the intersection point of the longitudinal bar 112 and the transverse bar 111. The hanging bar is round steel with the diameter of 18-22mm, preferably round steel with the diameter of 20mm and the model of HRB 335. The spacing between adjacent hanging ribs in the width direction is 0.4-0.8m, and the spacing between adjacent hanging ribs in the length direction is 0.6-1.0m. In actual operation, the mesh size of the reinforcing mesh 11 and the spacing between adjacent hanging bars 6 can be freely adjusted according to actual conditions.

The fixed assembly includes anchors (not shown) disposed in the upper and lower wall rock and in the forward face. The reinforcing mesh 11 is connected with the anchor rod, so that the stability of the artificial false roof is further improved.

The construction process of the artificial roof layout structure easy to fill the roof according to the present utility model will be described by way of specific examples. Taking one approach stope set in the same hierarchy as an example for illustration. The specific construction process of the artificial false roof layout structure easy to fill and connect the roof comprises the following steps:

s1, driving a stope route according to a downward route filling mining method, and after the route driving is completed, paving first ore with the diameter smaller than 5cm on a route bottom plate to form an ore cushion layer 13 with the thickness of 0.2 m.

Meanwhile, when the first ore is laid, the laid thickness of the first ore is thickened every 20m according to the length of the approach stope, forming a naturally stacked convex structure 14. The thickness of the bump structure 14 is 1.0m. The bump structure 14 is a variety of structures that are artificially stacked, and may be, for example, one of a hemispherical shape, a rectangular parallelepiped shape, a cylindrical shape, a prismatic shape, and the like.

S2, constructing anchor rods in the upper and lower wall rocks and the front face of the approach along the trend of the approach. It should be appreciated that the provision of anchors is common knowledge in the art and will not be described in detail herein.

S3, paving the plastic cloth 12 on the ore cushion layer 13, and still attaching the plastic cloth to the first ore of the ore cushion layer 13 at the position of the protruding structure 14. While ensuring that there is sufficient overlap between the plastic cloths 12 in adjacent access stopes in the same horizontal stratification so that the filling slurry cannot leak into the ore cushion layer 13.

S4, arranging transverse ribs 111 and longitudinal ribs 112 on the plastic cloth 12, wherein the transverse ribs 111 and the longitudinal ribs 112 are staggered along two directions, the included angle between the transverse ribs 111 and the longitudinal ribs 112 is 90 degrees, and the transverse ribs 111 are obliquely crossed with the trend of the route or are parallel to the trend of the route to form the reinforcing mesh 11.

At the raised structures 14, the transverse ribs 111 and the longitudinal ribs 112 are bent so that they remain attached to the mineral cushion layer 13 and the plastic cloth 12 at the raised structures 14.

After the transverse ribs 111 and the longitudinal ribs 112 are paved, the intersection points of the transverse ribs 111 and the longitudinal ribs 112 are welded, so that the transverse ribs 111 and the longitudinal ribs 112 are connected into a whole to form the reinforcing mesh 11, effective transmission of bearing capacity is ensured, and the strength of the reinforcing mesh 11 is improved.

The lateral ribs 111 and the longitudinal ribs 112 are fixed to the anchor rods.

S4, paving second ores 15 between the reinforcing mesh 11 and the plastic cloth 12, wherein the second ores 15 are uniformly and alternately arranged, so that a dead zone with the thickness of 0.1m is formed between the reinforcing mesh 11 and the plastic cloth 12, and filling slurry can enter the dead zone when filling operation is carried out, so that the reinforcing mesh 11 is firmly wrapped in a filling body to form a reinforced concrete plate, the reinforcing mesh 11 and the filling body are integrally formed, and the stability of the filling body is further improved.

S5, constructing a certain number of hanging bars on the vertical reinforcing steel bar net 11.

S6, setting a filling retaining wall to fill the access stope.

It should be noted that when there are multiple access sites in each layer, the extraction of the adjacent access sites is performed after the tunneling and filling of the sites, and the reinforcement mesh 11 in the adjacent access sites need to be connected together.

After the mining of the previous layer is completed, the mining of the next layer is carried out, specifically:

the blasting excavation is carried out on the approach stope, in the process, the ore cushion layer 13 in the previous layer is blasted together and falls off, the elevating space 2 is exposed, and after the next layer excavation is finished, a top plate as shown in fig. 4 is formed.

After tunneling, the bottom layer paving structure 1 is still arranged on the approach bottom plate, the fixing component is arranged in the surrounding rock of the upper wall, and the construction hanging bar (in the next layered tunneling blasting process, the filling body between the plastic cloth 12 and the reinforcing mesh 11 can fall off in a small part, and meanwhile, the part of the reinforcing mesh 11 which needs to be connected with the hanging bar is exposed by combining manual disclosure so as to realize the hanging bar connection) is the same as the operation of the previous layered, and the operation is not repeated here.

And setting a filling retaining wall to fill the access stope. When filling, the air outlet pipe 3, the signal pipe 4 and the feeding pipe 5 are respectively arranged in the goaf 6, and meanwhile, the tail ends of the pipe orifices of the air outlet pipe 3, the signal pipe 4 and the feeding pipe 5 are located at the picking space 2, so that the filling and roof-connecting operation is more sufficient, and the roof-connecting effect of a stope is ensured.

In summary, according to the artificial roof layout structure easy to fill and connect, by arranging the raised structures with increased thickness of the ore cushion layer on the ore cushion layer along each preset distance along the approach direction and attaching the reinforcing steel mesh and the plastic cloth to the raised structures, when the approach of the next layer is tunneled, the ore cushion layer and the raised structures in the previous layer are exploded together and fall off, so that a lifting space is formed at the top plate of the next layer, compared with the goaf with the horizontal top plate, the goaf with the lifting space is easier to fill the artificial roof, so that the filling bodies in the adjacent goafs in the vertical direction are connected into a whole, and the safety of the artificial roof is improved; the second ores are distributed between the reinforcing mesh and the plastic cloth, and are uniformly and alternately distributed, so that a certain empty area is formed between the reinforcing mesh and the plastic cloth, and filling slurry can enter the empty area when filling and jacking are carried out, so that the reinforcing mesh is firmly wrapped in the filling body to form a reinforced concrete plate, the reinforcing mesh and the filling body are integrally formed, and the stability of the filling body is further improved.

The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present utility model and not for limiting the same, and although the present utility model has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present utility model.

Claims (10)

1. The artificial roof laying structure is characterized by comprising a bottom layer laying structure arranged on a road bottom plate and a fixing assembly arranged in surrounding rock of a wall; the bottom layer paving structure comprises a reinforcing mesh, plastic cloth and an ore cushion layer which are sequentially paved on the access bottom plate from top to bottom; the ore cushion layer is provided with a protruding structure with increased thickness of the ore cushion layer along the advancing direction at preset distances, and the protruding structure is used for forming a lifting space which is easy to fill and connect the roof at the top plate of the next layering.

2. The artificial roof layout structure easy to fill and jack according to claim 1, wherein the ore cushion layer is formed by stacking first ores with a diameter of less than 5 cm; the thickness of the ore cushion layer is 0.15-0.25m, and the thickness of the protruding structures is 0.8-1.5m.

3. The artificial roof layout structure for easy filling roof according to claim 1, wherein the distance between adjacent convex structures is 15-20m.

4. The artificial roof layout structure easy to fill and jack according to claim 1, wherein the convex structure is one of a hemispherical shape, a rectangular parallelepiped, a cylindrical shape and a prismatic shape.

5. The artificial roof laying structure for easy filling and roof grafting according to claim 1, wherein second ores are laid between the reinforcing mesh and the plastic cloth in a spaced-apart manner so that empty areas for accommodating filler slurry are formed between the reinforcing mesh and the plastic cloth.

6. The artificial roof layout structure easy to fill and jack according to claim 5, wherein the empty area has a thickness of 0.08-0.15m; the diameter of the second ore is 5-10cm.

7. The artificial roof laying structure easy to fill and jack according to claim 1, wherein the reinforcing mesh comprises a plurality of transverse ribs and longitudinal ribs which are arranged in a staggered manner; the transverse ribs and the longitudinal ribs are bent at the protruding structures, so that the reinforcing mesh, the plastic cloth and the ore cushion layer are attached at the protruding structures.

8. The artificial roof laying structure easy to fill and jack according to claim 7, wherein the intersection point of the transverse ribs and the longitudinal ribs is fixedly connected; the fixed connection mode is one of binding and welding.

9. The artificial roof laying structure easy to fill and jack according to claim 1, wherein the fixing assembly comprises anchor rods arranged in upper and lower wall rocks and a forward face, and the reinforcing mesh is connected with the anchor rods.

10. The structure of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of hanging bars perpendicular to the mesh reinforcement and connected to the mesh reinforcement of the previous layer.