CN219607196U - Phase-change heat-accumulating type efficient clean energy heating system - Google Patents
Phase-change heat-accumulating type efficient clean energy heating system Download PDFInfo
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- CN219607196U CN219607196U CN202320162861.4U CN202320162861U CN219607196U CN 219607196 U CN219607196 U CN 219607196U CN 202320162861 U CN202320162861 U CN 202320162861U CN 219607196 U CN219607196 U CN 219607196U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a phase-change heat-accumulating type efficient clean energy heating system and a control and design method. According to the method, the high-temperature operation period is determined according to the typical daily outdoor temperature change curve, the typical daily building heat consumption change curve and the building total consumption, the operation time of the high-temperature period of the air source heat pump is calculated in advance according to the daily air temperature prediction condition, the high-efficiency operation of the high-temperature operation period of the air source heat pump is ensured, and the heat in the phase-change heat storage tank is extracted only by operating the low-temperature second circulation heating cycle in the low-temperature period, so that the high-efficiency operation of the whole system is ensured. The utility model reduces the water outlet temperature of the air source heat pump, improves the energy efficiency ratio of the air source heat pump and the energy efficiency ratio of a heating system, improves the application range of the air source heat pump, and has stable operation and obvious energy-saving effect.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of clean energy utilization, and particularly relates to a phase-change heat-accumulating type efficient clean energy heating system.
Background
In winter heating, biomass energy sources such as coal, petroleum, natural gas and the like are increasingly limited, and renewable clean energy heating is widely focused and supported. The air source heat pump and the water source heat pump are used as one of renewable energy sources, so that the air source heat pump and the water source heat pump are greatly popularized and applied. However, the outdoor temperature of the inner chamber of a day is in a sine change rule, and in severe cold and cold areas with lower outdoor temperature in China, the outdoor temperature in the daytime is higher, and the outdoor temperature in the night is lower. The air source heat pump extracts heat in outdoor air by using reverse Carnot cycle to prepare hot air or hot water, the heating quantity and energy efficiency ratio of the hot air or the hot water are obviously reduced along with the reduction of the outdoor temperature, and the heating quantity and energy efficiency ratio of the hot air or the hot water are obviously reduced along with the increase of the outlet water temperature.
Under the condition that the rated heating capacity of the unit is certain, when the outdoor temperature is higher, the heat supply capacity of the air source heat pump is high, the energy efficiency ratio (COP) of the unit is high, but the heat load required by the building is smaller at the moment; when the outdoor temperature is low, the heat supply quantity of the air source heat pump is small, the energy efficiency ratio (COP) of the unit is low, and the required heat load is large. Therefore, when the air source heat pump heats due to the working principle of the traditional air source heat pump system, the problems of poor heat supply capacity of the air source heat pump, poor heat load of a building, mismatching and the like can occur. In addition, when the outdoor temperature is reduced, the air source heat heating has the advantages that the suction pressure is reduced, the exhaust pressure is increased, the compression ratio is increased, the shutdown phenomena such as high-pressure protection and the like are easy to occur, and the stability is poor; when the outdoor humidity is high, the phenomena of heat supply failure, unstable heat supply and the like during defrosting are easy to occur.
Therefore, the traditional air source heat pump heating has the characteristics of poor weather adaptability, great influence of outdoor temperature on heat supply, poor stability, remarkable reduction of energy efficiency due to the improvement of water supply temperature along with the reduction of outdoor temperature, great energy consumption and the like, so that the COP of the whole system is low during the heating of the air source heat pump, and the advantages of clean energy heating of the system cannot be fully exerted. The traditional water source heat pump also has the characteristics of being limited by various geological conditions, high in well construction cost, difficult in well water recharging, easy in groundwater pollution and the like, and the regional adaptability is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to make up the defects of the prior art, the utility model provides the phase-change heat-accumulating type efficient clean energy heating system, which can fully utilize the outdoor high-temperature period in winter, improve the COP of the air source heat pump, reduce the water outlet temperature of the air source heat pump and further improve the COP of the air source heat pump; the outdoor high-temperature period heating and heat storage and the outdoor low-temperature period heat consumption are realized, and the series problems of mismatching of the heat supply quantity of the independent air source heat pump and the heat load of the building, unstable heat supply, low energy efficiency of the system and the like are solved.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the utility model is as follows:
the utility model provides a high-efficient clean energy heating system of phase transition heat accumulation type which characterized in that: comprising three circulation loops:
the first circulation loop is an air source heat pump heating and heat storage circulation and comprises a first compressor, a first evaporator, a first throttling expansion valve, a first condenser and a first circulation water pump;
the second circulation loop is a water loop heat pump heating circulation and comprises a second compressor, a second evaporator, a second throttling expansion valve, a second condenser, a second circulation water pump and a low-temperature phase change heat storage tank;
the third circulation loop is a heating circulation and comprises a third circulation water pump and a user terminal heat radiating device.
Further, in the first circulation loop, a first throttle expansion valve is provided on a path of the first condenser flowing to the first evaporator; the first compressor is arranged on a path of the first evaporator flowing to the first condenser; the first circulating water pump is arranged on the paths of the first condenser and the low-temperature phase-change heat storage tank;
further, the second circulating water pump is arranged on a loop formed by the low-temperature phase-change heat storage tank and the second evaporator; the second throttling expansion valve is arranged on a path of the second condenser flowing to the second evaporator; the second compressor is arranged on a path of the second evaporator flowing to the second condenser;
further, a circulating loop is formed between the user radiating end and the second condenser through a third circulating water pump;
further, the low-temperature phase-change heat storage tank is internally stored with low-temperature phase-change materials such as 10-water sodium sulfate or 6-water calcium chloride, and the melting point of the phase-change heat storage materials is lower than 35 ℃.
The utility model has the beneficial effects that:
1) According to the utility model, by utilizing the sine change rule of the outdoor temperature every day, the first cycle heating and heat storage cycle only operates in a high-temperature period, so that the energy efficiency ratio (COP) of the air source heat pump is improved, and the environmental adaptability of the air source heat pump is greatly improved;
2) The utility model reduces the outlet temperature of the air source heat pump, the outlet temperature of the air source heat pump is only 35 ℃, the COP of the air source heat pump is greatly improved, and the capacity allocation of the air source heat pump is reduced;
3) According to the utility model, the first circulation loop air source heating and heat storage circulation only runs in a high-temperature period, so that the problems of poor stability, high attenuation, no heating during defrosting and the like of the air source heat pump under low-temperature running are solved; the second circulation heating circulation system is a water ring heat pump, and as the water temperature at the inlet of the second evaporator is subjected to heat exchange in the low-temperature phase-change heat storage tank, the water temperature is stable and is far higher than the rated water inlet temperature, the heat supply stability of the water ring heat pump is greatly improved, the energy efficiency ratio (COP) is also greatly improved, and the energy-saving effect is remarkable;
4) The utility model can effectively reduce the water outlet temperature of the air source heat pump, obviously improve the energy efficiency ratio of the air source heat pump and the energy efficiency ratio of the whole heating system, improve the application range of the air source heat pump, ensure the operation stability, greatly reduce the occupied area of a machine room and reduce one-time investment by adopting phase change heat storage.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a phase change thermal storage type efficient clean energy heating system of the present utility model;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the design method of the present utility model;
FIG. 3 is a graph of outdoor temperature variation and building heat consumption;
in the figure, 1-1, a first compressor, 1-2, a first evaporator, 1-3, a first throttling expansion valve, 1-4, a first condenser, 1-5, a first circulating water pump, 2-1, a second compressor, 2-2, a second evaporator, 2-3, a second throttling expansion valve, 2-4, a second condenser, 2-5, a second circulating water pump, 2-6, a low-temperature phase change heat storage tank, 3-1, a third circulating water pump and 3-2, and a user radiating tail end.
Detailed Description
The present utility model will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments.
1) Phase-change heat-accumulating type efficient clean energy heating system
As shown in fig. 1, the phase-change heat-accumulating type efficient clean energy heating system of the utility model comprises three circulation loops:
a) The first circulation loop is an air source heat pump heating and heat storage circulation and comprises a first compressor 1-1, a first evaporator 1-2, a first throttling expansion valve 1-3, a first condenser 1-4 and a first circulating water pump 1-5; in the first circulation loop, a first throttle expansion valve 1-3 is arranged on a path of the first condenser 1-4 flowing to the first evaporator 1-2; the first compressor 1-1 is disposed on a path along which the first evaporator 1-2 flows to the first condenser 1-4; the first circulating water pump 1-5 is arranged on the paths of the first condenser 1-4 and the low-temperature phase-change heat storage tank 2-6;
the first circulation forms an air source heat pump circulation heating heat storage system according to the reverse Carnot circulation principle, a first condenser 1-4 of the air source heat pump system is connected with a low-temperature phase-change heat storage tank 2-6, low-temperature hot water with the temperature of about 35 ℃ is prepared in the first circulation operation process, heat exchange is carried out on the low-temperature hot water and the low-temperature phase-change heat storage tank 2-6, and a low-temperature phase-change heat storage material is melted into a liquid working medium from a solid state for heat storage; in severe cold areas, the working medium of the heating cycle of the first circulating air source heat pump can be R744; in cold regions, the inner working substance of the first cycle may be R134a. The cold area of the circulating working medium of the first circulating connection first condenser 1-4 and the low-temperature phase change heat storage tank 2-6 can be water, and the severe cold area can be antifreeze solution;
the traditional air source heat pump is used for heating, the temperature of hot water is more than 50 ℃, the outlet water temperature is increased along with the reduction of the outdoor temperature, the energy efficiency ratio (COP) is reduced, the heating quantity is reduced, the capacity configuration is required to be increased in order to meet the heating requirement, the outlet water temperature of the air source heat pump of the system is only 35 ℃, the COP of the air source heat pump is greatly improved, and the capacity configuration of the air source heat pump is reduced.
b) The second circulation loop is a water loop heat pump heating circulation and comprises a second compressor 2-1, a second evaporator 2-2, a second throttling expansion valve 2-3, a second condenser 2-4, a second circulation water pump 2-5 and a low-temperature phase change heat storage tank 2-6; the second circulating water pump 2-5 is arranged on a loop formed by the low-temperature phase-change heat storage tank 2-6 and the second evaporator 2-2; the second throttling expansion valve 2-3 is arranged on a path of the second condenser 2-4 flowing to the second evaporator 2-2; the second compressor 2-1 is disposed on a path along which the second evaporator 2-2 flows to the second condenser 2-4; the low-temperature phase-change heat storage tank 2-6 is internally stored with low-temperature phase-change materials such as 10-water sodium sulfate or 6-water calcium chloride, and the melting point of the phase-change heat storage materials is lower than 35 ℃;
the second circulation heating circulation system is a water ring heat pump, and as the water temperature at the inlet of the second evaporator is subjected to heat exchange in the low-temperature phase-change heat storage tank, the water temperature is stable and is far higher than the rated water inlet temperature, the heat supply stability of the water ring heat pump is greatly improved, the energy efficiency ratio (COP) is also greatly improved, and the energy-saving effect is remarkable;
the second evaporator 2-2 of the water loop heat pump heat exchange system is connected with the low-temperature phase change heat storage tank 2-6 for heat exchange, extracts heat stored in the low-temperature phase change heat storage tank 2-6, heats the heat by the second condenser 2-4 and then transmits the heat to a user heat exchange end; the inner refrigerant working medium of the second cycle can be R134a and the like.
c) The third circulation loop is a heating circulation and comprises a third circulation water pump 3-1 and a user terminal heat radiating device 3-2; a circulating loop is formed between the user radiating end 3-2 and the second condenser 2-4 through a third circulating water pump 3-1; the third circulation is a heat supply circulation system, the circulated medium is water, and a user side hot water circulating water pump 3-1 is arranged on a path of the second condenser 2-4 flowing to the heat radiation tail end 3-2; after the condenser 2-4 generates 45-50 ℃, the heat is sent to the user heat dissipation end 3-2 by the third circulating water pump 3-1, after the heat is dissipated by the user heat dissipation end 3-2, the heat is reduced to return water of 35-40 ℃, and then the return water is sent out after the temperature is increased to 45-50 ℃ by the temperature condenser 2-4, and circulation is repeated.
The equipment comprises two evaporators, two compressors, two condensers, two throttling expansion valves, three water pumps, a low-temperature phase-change heat storage material and a heat dissipation tail end, and all equipment commonly used in the field can be adopted.
2) Control method of phase-change heat-storage type efficient clean energy heating system
The outdoor temperature is divided into a high temperature period (T1-T2) and a low temperature period (T2-T1) according to the outdoor temperature of a typical weather day;
the operation method of the high-temperature period (T1-T2) comprises the following steps: according to the air temperature prediction condition of each day, the running time of a high-temperature section of the air source heat pump is calculated in advance, a first circulation loop air source heat pump heating heat storage cycle is started in the high-temperature section (T1-T2), the heat of high-temperature outdoor temperature is extracted by using reverse Carnot cycle, and the low-temperature phase-change heat storage materials in the low-temperature phase-change heat storage tanks 2-6 store heat to 35 ℃; meanwhile, the second circulation loop water loop heat pump warming circulation is started, heat of the low-temperature phase-change heat storage material is extracted by using the reverse Carnot circulation, backwater in the third circulation loop heating circulation is heated, backwater at 35-40 ℃ is warmed to 45-50 ℃, and then the backwater is sent to the user radiating tail end 3-2 by using the third circulation water pump 3-1, so that the heating requirement of a user is met;
the traditional air source heat pump heating system operates for 24 hours, and the building heat load is low in a high-temperature period, so that the use efficiency cannot be fully exerted, and the heating efficiency is low in a low-temperature period; in order to effectively solve the problem, the first cycle heating and heat storage cycle only operates in a high-temperature period, so that the energy efficiency ratio (COP) of the air source heat pump can be improved, and the environmental adaptability of the air source heat pump is greatly improved.
The low temperature period (T2-T1) operation method comprises the following steps: only the second circulation loop water loop heat pump heating cycle and the third circulation loop heating cycle are operated at the stage; and starting a second circulation loop water loop heat pump warming cycle, extracting heat stored in the low-temperature phase change heat storage material in advance in a high-temperature period (T1-T2) by using a reverse Carnot cycle, heating backwater in a third circulation loop heating cycle, heating backwater at 35-40 ℃, raising the temperature to 45-50 ℃, and then sending the backwater to a user radiating tail end 3-2 by using a third circulation water pump 3-1 to meet the heating requirement of a user.
3) Design method of phase-change heat-storage type efficient clean energy heating system
a) The design method of the heating and heat storage circulation of the air source heat pump of the first circulation loop comprises the following steps:
determining a typical daily outdoor temperature change curve L1 according to local climate conditions, and calculating a typical daily building heat consumption curve L2 and a building total heat consumption M0 (kJ) according to the typical daily outdoor temperature change curve L1, as shown in FIG. 3; comprehensively determining a typical daily outdoor temperature change curve L1 and a typical daily building heat consumption curve L2, determining a high-temperature operation period (T1-T2) according to the performance of the selected first circulating air source heat pump, calculating the theoretical heating quantity Q0 (kW) required by unit time in the high-temperature period, further calculating the nominal heating quantity Q (kW) of the selected air source heat pump, and calculating the flow G1 (m 3/h) of the first circulating water pump according to the calculated nominal heating quantity Q (kW);
the theoretical heating amount Q0 is:
the nominal heating quantity Q of the air source heat pump is as follows:
wherein K1 is a defrosting correction coefficient in a high-temperature period, and K2 is a temperature correction coefficient in the high-temperature period;
the first circulating water pump flow G1 is:
wherein t is 2 T is the outlet water temperature of the first condenser 1 The water inlet temperature of the first condenser;
b) The design method of the heating cycle of the water loop heat pump of the second circulation loop and the heating cycle of the third circulation loop comprises the following steps:
calculating winter heating heat load Q1 (kW) of the building according to the local climate condition and the local winter heating winter design temperature, calculating the nominal heating quantity Qs (kW) of the selected second circulating water loop heat pump by combining the performance of the selected water loop heat pump, and calculating second circulating water pump flow G2 (m 3/h) and third circulating water pump flow G3 (m 3/h) according to the nominal heating quantity Qs (kW);
the nominal heating quantity Qs of the circulating water loop heat pump is as follows:
wherein K3 is the water inlet temperature modification coefficient of the water ring heat pump;
the second circulating water pump flow G2 is:
wherein t is 3 The water inlet temperature of the second evaporator is t 4 The COPs is the COP value of the water ring heat pump in the working state at the outlet water temperature of the second evaporator;
the third circulating water pump flow G3 is:
wherein t is 6 Water supply temperature for heat dissipation end, t 5 The temperature of backwater at the tail end of heat dissipation;
c) The design method of the low-temperature phase-change heat storage tank comprises the following steps:
according to the calculated total building heat consumption M0 (kJ), calculating the theoretical mass M (kg) of the required low-temperature phase-change heat storage material by combining the melting point of the selected low-temperature phase-change heat storage material, the specific heat capacity under liquid and the latent heat of fusion, wherein the theoretical mass M (kg) is specifically as follows:
wherein Cs is the specific heat capacity of the low-temperature phase-change heat storage material liquid, kj/(kg. ℃);
ts is the melting point of the low-temperature phase-change heat storage material;
rs is the latent heat of fusion of the low-temperature phase-change heat storage material (kJ/kg)
The working process of the utility model is as follows:
1) The operation process of the high temperature period (T1-T2)
Starting a first cycle heating heat storage cycle in a high-temperature period (T1-T2), extracting heat of 'high-temperature' outdoor air by using reverse Carnot cycle, and heating the low-temperature phase-change heat storage material in the phase-change heat storage tank 2-6 to the melting point thereof; meanwhile, a second circulation warming cycle is started, heat in the phase change heat storage tank 2-6 is extracted by using the reverse Carnot cycle, backwater in a heating cycle is heated, backwater at 35-40 ℃ is warmed to 45-50 ℃, and then the backwater is sent to a user radiating tail end 3-2 by using a third circulating water pump 3-1, so that the heating requirement of a user is met;
the specific working process is as follows:
the low-pressure refrigerant steam from the first evaporator 1-2 is changed into high-pressure high-temperature refrigerant steam through the work of the first compressor 1-1, circulating water from the low-temperature phase-change heat storage tank 2-6 is heated through the first condenser 1-4, and the temperature of the circulating water is heated from t1 to t2; after the temperature of the refrigerant steam is reduced, the refrigerant is changed into a low-temperature low-pressure liquid refrigerant through a first throttle valve 1-3, the liquid refrigerant exchanges heat with external high-temperature air through a first evaporator 1-2, and the liquid refrigerant absorbs heat of outdoor air to be changed into low-temperature low-pressure gas and then enters a first compressor 1-1; so that the heat of outdoor high-temperature air is stored in the low-temperature phase-change heat storage tank 2-6 repeatedly; the low-temperature hot water of the low-temperature phase-change heat storage tank 2-6 is provided with circulating power by the first circulating pump 1-5 to complete the circulation of the low-temperature hot water and the first condenser 1-4;
the low-pressure refrigerant steam from the second evaporator 2-2 is changed into high-pressure high-temperature refrigerant steam through the work of the second compressor 2-1, the backwater from the heat user 3-4 is heated through the second condenser 2-4, and the temperature of the backwater is heated from t5 to t6; after the temperature of the refrigerant steam is reduced, the refrigerant is changed into a low-temperature low-pressure liquid refrigerant through the second throttle valve 2-3, the low-temperature phase-change heat storage material of the low-temperature phase-change heat storage tank 2-6 exchanges heat through the second evaporator 2-2, and the low-temperature low-pressure gas enters the second compressor 2-1 after absorbing the heat of the low-temperature phase-change heat storage material, so that the heating requirement of an end user is satisfied repeatedly;
the second circulating pump 2-5 provides circulating power for the low-temperature hot water flowing through the low-temperature phase-change storage tank 2-6, and the circulation of the low-temperature hot water and the second evaporator 2-2 is completed; the high-temperature hot water t6 generated by the second condenser 2-4 is supplied by the third circulating pump 3-1 to the heat dissipation end 3-2 of the user for heat dissipation, and then the temperature is reduced to t5 to the second condenser 2-4.
2) The operation process of the low-temperature period (T2-T1)
Only the second circulation loop water loop heat pump heating cycle and the third circulation loop heating cycle are operated at the stage; and starting a second circulation loop water loop heat pump heating cycle, extracting heat stored in the low-temperature phase change heat storage material in advance in a high-temperature period (T1-T2) by using a reverse Carnot cycle, wherein the low-temperature phase change material generates phase change in the process to release heat, heating backwater in a third circulation loop heating cycle, heating backwater at 35-40 ℃, and after the temperature is increased to 45-50 ℃, sending the backwater to a user radiating tail end 3-2 by using a third circulation water pump 3-1, thereby meeting the heating requirement of a user.
The content of the utility model is not limited to the examples listed, and any equivalent transformation to the technical solution of the utility model that a person skilled in the art can take on by reading the description of the utility model is covered by the claims of the utility model.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a high-efficient clean energy heating system of phase transition heat accumulation type which characterized in that: comprising three circulation loops:
the first circulation loop is an air source heat pump heating and heat storage circulation and comprises a first compressor (1-1), a first evaporator (1-2), a first throttling expansion valve (1-3), a first condenser (1-4) and a first circulating water pump (1-5);
the second circulation loop is a water loop heat pump heating circulation and comprises a second compressor (2-1), a second evaporator (2-2), a second throttling expansion valve (2-3), a second condenser (2-4), a second circulation water pump (2-5) and a low-temperature phase change heat storage tank (2-6);
the third circulation loop is a heating circulation and comprises a third circulation water pump (3-1) and a user terminal heat dissipation device (3-2).
2. The phase-change heat-accumulating type efficient clean energy heating system according to claim 1, wherein:
in the first circulation loop, a first throttle expansion valve (1-3) is arranged on a path of the first condenser (1-4) flowing to the first evaporator (1-2); the first compressor (1-1) is arranged on a path of the first evaporator (1-2) flowing to the first condenser (1-4); the first circulating water pump (1-5) is arranged on the paths of the first condenser (1-4) and the low-temperature phase-change heat storage tank (2-6).
3. The phase-change heat-accumulating type efficient clean energy heating system according to claim 2, wherein:
the second circulating water pump (2-5) is arranged on a loop formed by the low-temperature phase-change heat storage tank (2-6) and the second evaporator (2-2); the second throttling expansion valve (2-3) is arranged on a path of the second condenser (2-4) flowing to the second evaporator (2-2); the second compressor (2-1) is disposed on a path along which the second evaporator (2-2) flows to the second condenser (2-4).
4. A phase-change heat-accumulating type efficient clean energy heating system according to claim 3, wherein: a circulating loop is formed between the user terminal heat radiating device (3-2) and the second condenser (2-4) through a third circulating water pump (3-1).
5. The phase-change heat-accumulating type efficient clean energy heating system according to claim 4, wherein: the low-temperature phase-change heat storage tank (2-6) is internally stored with low-temperature phase-change material 10 sodium sulfate hydrate or 6 calcium chloride hydrate, and the melting point of the phase-change heat storage material is lower than 35 ℃.
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