CN219603367U - High-efficiency subsurface flow constructed wetland denitrification system - Google Patents
High-efficiency subsurface flow constructed wetland denitrification system Download PDFInfo
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- CN219603367U CN219603367U CN202320689843.1U CN202320689843U CN219603367U CN 219603367 U CN219603367 U CN 219603367U CN 202320689843 U CN202320689843 U CN 202320689843U CN 219603367 U CN219603367 U CN 219603367U
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a high-efficiency subsurface flow constructed wetland denitrification system, which comprises: the water distribution pipe, the upper packing layer, the slow-release carbon source, the waterproof layer and the lower packing layer are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, and a plurality of holes are distributed on the slow-release carbon source and the waterproof layer along the thickness direction. The beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows: the slow-release carbon source and the waterproof layer form a separation layer together, so that inflow water can be distributed, the area with higher flow velocity on the separation layer is divided into an aerobic area by utilizing the function of redistributing water, the area with lower flow velocity on the separation layer is divided into an anoxic area and an anaerobic area, the anti-blocking performance and the pollutant removal efficiency of the subsurface flow constructed wetland are improved, and the total nitrogen removal rate of the subsurface flow constructed wetland can be improved by the slow-release carbon source.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of subsurface flow constructed wetlands, in particular to a high-efficiency subsurface flow constructed wetland denitrification system.
Background
The constructed wetland can deeply purify the treated effluent of the sewage plant, increases the natural ecological attribute of the engineering purified water, effectively slows down the impact on the receiving water body, simultaneously increases ecological water supplementing, relieves the problem of water environment atrophy, has small occupied area and excellent pollutant removal effect, and is widely used for tail water treatment of the sewage plant.
According to the regulations of pollutant emission standards of urban sewage treatment plants (GB 18918-2002), when tail water of the sewage treatment plants is used as recycling water, river and lake with smaller dilution capacity is introduced, and the tail water is used as urban landscape water and general recycling water, the grade A standard is reached, wherein the ammonia nitrogen standard is less than or equal to 5mg/L. According to the quality standard (GB 3838-2002) of the surface water environment, the ammonia nitrogen standard of V-type water is less than or equal to 2.0mg/L, and exceeds the V-type standard, so that the problems of water quality deterioration, substandard section and the like are easily caused, the ammonia nitrogen needs to be controlled, and the subsurface flow constructed wetland is used as an intermediate treatment process of a sewage treatment plant and a receiving water body, so that the serious problem of reducing the ammonia nitrogen to the V-type standard of the surface water is borne.
The tail water of the sewage treatment plant is generally low in C/N, so that the removal of ammonia nitrogen by the subsurface flow constructed wetland is limited. Under the condition of not expanding the subsurface constructed wetland area and increasing the engineering quantity, 3 main current methods exist at present:
1) The sulfur iron ore/sulfur simple substance is increased, and a sulfur autotrophic denitrification process is adopted to improve the removal rate of nitrate nitrogen in the subsurface constructed wetland;
2) Iron filings and activated carbon particles are added into the subsurface flow constructed wetland to spontaneously form a large number of microcosmic primary batteries, a remarkable micro electric field is generated, and nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen are directly reduced into nitrogen through a chemical process by utilizing electrons generated by an anode;
3) And a slow-release carbon source is added to provide a carbon source for the denitrification process, so that the denitrification is promoted.
The 3 methods are common in small tests and pilot tests, but are used for large-scale subsurface constructed wetlands, various practical problems exist for the reasons of the small-scale subsurface constructed wetlands, the large-scale use of the small-scale subsurface constructed wetlands in real engineering is limited, besides the cost problem, the autotrophic denitrification is carried out by adopting pyrite or elemental sulfur, the pH value of a water body is reduced, the survival of other microbial flora is influenced, a large amount of sulfate is generated, and secondary pollution is generated after the sulfate is discharged into the water body; iron carbon micro-electrolysis can generate a large amount of rust, so that the quality of effluent water is influenced, and meanwhile, the risk of blocking the subsurface constructed wetland exists; the biological carbon source is a biological friendly material, except that a certain amount of COD is generated, other pollution risks are basically avoided, and the total amount of COD is controlled in the subsurface constructed wetland, so that the subsurface constructed wetland is determined to be not like a sewage treatment plant, a liquid quick-acting carbon source with high cost effectiveness can be used, and the slow-release carbon source is a good choice.
The problems of more concern in engineering are that one is the cost of the slow-release carbon source, and the other is that the slow-release carbon source is put in the subsurface constructed wetland and can cause unstable influence on the structure of the subsurface constructed wetland after being consumed.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims to provide a high-efficiency subsurface flow constructed wetland denitrification system which solves the problems in the prior art.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:
an efficient subsurface flow constructed wetland denitrification system comprising: the water distribution pipe, the upper packing layer, the slow-release carbon source, the waterproof layer and the lower packing layer are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, and a plurality of holes are distributed on the slow-release carbon source and the waterproof layer along the thickness direction.
The beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows:
the water flow flows out of the water distribution pipe and enters the upper packing layer firstly, then enters the slow-release carbon source, is uniformly distributed by the slow-release carbon source, is further uniformly distributed by the waterproof layer after enriching the carbon source, and then enters the lower packing layer, wherein the slow-release carbon source and the waterproof layer form a separation layer together, so that the water inflow can be distributed, the water re-distribution function is utilized, the area with the higher flow speed is divided into an aerobic area, the area with the lower flow speed is divided into an anoxic area and an anaerobic area, the overall hydraulic efficiency of the whole system is improved, and meanwhile, a foundation is laid for the good anti-blocking performance and the efficient decontamination effect of the subsurface flow constructed wetland;
the microorganism can improve the denitrification rate by using the enriched carbon source as an electron donor, thereby effectively promoting the conversion of nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen into nitrogen and laying a foundation for the total nitrogen of the effluent of the subsurface flow constructed wetland reaching the standard;
after the anoxic and anaerobic filler areas are operated for a period of time, more organic blocking substances are generated due to metabolism and propagation of denitrifying bacteria, so that the water passing efficiency and pollutant removal effect of the subsurface flow constructed wetland are affected, after the slow-release carbon source part is completely dissolved and decomposed, the wetland can be backwashed, on one hand, the blocking can be slowed down by the backwashed, on the other hand, the microorganisms which fall off or are aged in the anoxic area and the anaerobic area below the slow-release carbon source are backwashed to the vicinity of the waterproof layer through the backwashed, and due to the fact that the microorganisms near the waterproof layer are more (the microorganisms gathered in the slow-release carbon source area before), after the backwashed provides the carbon source, the denitrification can be further promoted, the nitrogen removal efficiency is improved, and the circulation and reciprocation can continuously provide the carbon source for the separation layer with more denitrifying bacteria, so that the denitrification process is promoted, and the total nitrogen removal rate is further improved.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the utility model can be improved as follows.
Further, the number of water outlets on the water distribution pipe is smaller than the number of holes on the slow-release carbon source, and the number of holes on the slow-release carbon source is smaller than the number of holes on the waterproof layer.
Further, the slow-release carbon source is in a block shape, the thickness is 5 cm-15 cm, and the intervals of holes on the slow-release carbon source are uniform; the distance between the holes on the waterproof layer is 50 mm-150 mm, and the diameter of the holes is 1 mm-10 mm.
The adoption of the method has the further beneficial effects that: the holes on the slow-release carbon source have uniform intervals, and can play a role in uniform water distribution; holes on the waterproof layer facilitate uniform downflow of water flow, and further play a role in uniform water distribution; the composition of the structure is that the flow field is uniformly distributed according to the Fluent simulation result, and the hydraulic efficiency is higher.
Further, the raw materials of the slow-release carbon source include: plant carbon source, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium alginate, distilled water and polyethylene.
The adoption of the method has the further beneficial effects that: the plant carbon source and the polyvinyl alcohol are used as slow-release carbon source parts, so that COD can be slowly released to the subsurface flow constructed wetland for a long time to improve the carbon nitrogen ratio of the subsurface flow constructed wetland, and meanwhile, the rising amplitude of the COD can not be too fast or too large, and the COD of the effluent of the subsurface flow constructed wetland is not influenced to reach the standard;
after the carbon release period is finished, only the polyethylene part which is not easy to degrade is remained, and wetland back flushing measures can be utilized, on one hand: can slow down the blockage; on the other hand: the aged or deactivated microbial community contains various polysaccharides and proteins, can be used as a carbon source to back flush to the vicinity of the polyethylene which is not easy to degrade, can provide a growth and propagation space for microorganisms due to the fact that the rough structure of the microbial community has a higher specific surface area, continuously maintains higher total nitrogen removal efficiency by using the denitrifying flora with higher abundance in the vicinity of the polyethylene, and can relieve the problem of collapse of the subsurface flow constructed wetland caused by elution of other parts of the slow-release carbon source;
the carbon releasing process of the slow released carbon source in the subsurface flow constructed wetland mainly comprises two parts of microbial decomposition and physical dissolution under the condition of moving water, and the comprehensive carbon releasing amount is 10mg/g/h-50mg/g/h according to experimental and historical research results.
Further, the mass volume ratio of the plant carbon source, the polyvinyl alcohol, the sodium alginate, the distilled water and the polyethylene is respectively as follows: (8-20) g: (10-18) g: (1.25-2.25) g: (300-500 ml): (15-30 g).
The adoption of the method has the further beneficial effects that: according to the dosage proportion of each material of the slow-release carbon source, the unit price of the required material, literature and test conditions, the material cost of the slow-release carbon source after drying is 15 yuan/kg-30 yuan/kg; the cost of the slow-release carbon source is controllable, and the use cost of the slow-release carbon source is 182.43 yuan/m 2 The carbon source is provided by backwashing after a sustained release carbon source is released for a duration of at least 3.7 years.
Further, the plant carbon source is soaked in 1% -2% NaOH, then dried and ground into powder.
The adoption of the method has the further beneficial effects that: the NaOH is used for soaking to destroy lignin structure of plant which is not easy to release carbon source, improve the carbon release efficiency of the slow release carbon source and the porosity of the slow release carbon source, thereby improving the specific surface area.
Further, the plant carbon source is one or more of corncob, corn straw, rice straw and rice husk.
The adoption of the method has the further beneficial effects that: the agricultural waste is used as a plant carbon source, so that the resource utilization can be realized, the material is green, environment-friendly, low in cost and easy to obtain, and no matter the microbial decomposition or the physical dissolution of the product is mainly soluble organic carbon, the subsurface flow constructed wetland and the subsequent water outlet thereof are not negatively influenced.
Further, the waterproof layer adopts a waterproof film.
Further, the method further comprises the following steps: the planting soil layer is arranged above the upper packing layer, and the aquatic plants are planted on the planting soil layer.
Further, the method further comprises the following steps: the drain pipe and the drainage layer are sequentially arranged below the lower packing layer from top to bottom.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a high-efficiency subsurface flow constructed wetland denitrification system according to the present utility model;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the slow-release carbon source according to the present utility model.
In the drawings, the list of components represented by the various numbers is as follows:
1. the water-saving type water-saving device comprises an upper packing layer, a water drainage layer, a 3 slow-release carbon source, a 4 waterproof layer, a 5 lower packing layer, a 6 water distribution pipe, a 7 planting soil layer, an 8 aquatic plant, a 9 drain pipe.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of the present utility model are described below with reference to the drawings, the examples are illustrated for the purpose of illustrating the utility model and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the utility model.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a high-efficiency subsurface flow constructed wetland denitrification system comprises: the device comprises an upper packing layer 1, a slow-release carbon source 3, a waterproof layer 4, a lower packing layer 5 and a water distribution pipe 6, wherein the water distribution pipe 6, the upper packing layer 1, the slow-release carbon source 3, the waterproof layer 4 and the lower packing layer 5 are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, a plurality of holes are distributed on the slow-release carbon source 3 along the thickness direction, and the holes on the slow-release carbon source 3 are convenient for sewage to flow downwards; a plurality of holes are distributed on the waterproof layer 4 along the thickness direction, and the holes on the waterproof layer 4 facilitate the water to flow downwards;
the water flow flows out from the water distribution pipe 6 and enters the upper filler layer 1 firstly, then enters the slow-release carbon source 3, is uniformly distributed by the slow-release carbon source 3, is further uniformly distributed by the waterproof layer 4 after enriching the carbon source, and then enters the lower filler layer 5, wherein the slow-release carbon source 3 and the waterproof layer 4 form a separation layer together, so that the water inflow can be distributed, the water re-distribution function is utilized, the upper flow velocity area of the water inflow is divided into an aerobic area, the lower flow velocity area of the water inflow is divided into an anoxic area and an anaerobic area, and a foundation is laid for the good anti-blocking performance and the efficient decontamination effect of the subsurface flow constructed wetland, and the water inflow is specifically understood to be: the anti-blocking performance and the pollutant removal efficiency of the subsurface constructed wetland are improved;
in this embodiment: the filler particle diameter of the upper filler layer 1 is 25 mm-30 mm, and the porosity is 0.40-0.45; the filler particle size of the lower filler layer 5 is 20-25 mm, the porosity is 0.35-0.40, and the limit is matched with the previous description so that the overall hydraulic efficiency of the whole system reaches more than 90%.
The slow-release carbon source 3 provides an electron donor for denitrification, effectively promotes the conversion of nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen into nitrogen, lays a foundation for the total nitrogen of the effluent of the subsurface flow constructed wetland to reach the standard, and can be specifically understood as follows: the total nitrogen removal rate of the subsurface constructed wetland is improved;
after the anoxic and anaerobic filler areas are operated for a period of time, more organic blocking substances are generated due to metabolism and propagation of denitrifying bacteria, so that the water passing efficiency and pollutant removal effect of the subsurface flow constructed wetland are affected, after the slow-release carbon source part is completely dissolved and decomposed, the wetland can be backwashed, on one hand, the blocking can be slowed down, on the other hand, the anoxic area and the anaerobic area below the slow-release carbon source are backwashed or aged microbial clusters near the waterproof layer 4 through the backwash, and due to the fact that the microorganisms near the waterproof layer 4 are more (the microorganisms gathered in the slow-release carbon source area before), after the backwash provides the carbon source, the denitrification can be further promoted, the nitrogen removal efficiency is improved, and the circulation is repeated in such a way, so that the separation layer with more denitrifying bacteria is continuously provided with the carbon source, the denitrification process is promoted, and the aim of further improving the total nitrogen removal rate is achieved.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, this embodiment is a further improvement on the basis of embodiment 1, and is specifically as follows:
the number of water outlets on the water distribution pipe 6 in the subsurface flow constructed wetland in unit area is smaller than the number of holes on the slow-release carbon source 3, and the number of holes on the slow-release carbon source 3 is smaller than the number of holes on the waterproof layer 4, so that sewage can uniformly flow downwards through the structure.
If: the water distribution pipe 6 is composed of a water distribution main pipe and a plurality of water distribution branch pipes communicated with the water distribution main pipe, and then can be understood as: the number of water outlets on the water distribution branch pipes is less than the number of holes on the slow-release carbon source 3.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, this embodiment is a further improvement on the basis of embodiment 1 or 2, and is specifically as follows:
the slow-release carbon source 3 is in a block shape, the thickness is 5 cm-15 cm, the hole spacing on the slow-release carbon source 3 is uniform, and the effect of uniform water distribution can be achieved;
the spacing of holes on the waterproof layer 4 is 50-150 mm, the diameters of the holes are 1-10 mm, so that uniform downflow of water flow is facilitated, and the effect of uniform water distribution is further achieved;
the composition of the structure is that the flow field is uniformly distributed according to the Fluent simulation result, and the hydraulic efficiency is higher.
Example 4
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, this embodiment is a further improvement on the basis of embodiment 1, and is specifically as follows:
the slow release carbon source 3 comprises the following raw materials: the plant carbon source, the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), the Sodium Alginate (SA), the distilled water and the Polyethylene (PE) are used as slow-release carbon source parts, so that COD (chemical oxygen demand) can be slowly released to the subsurface flow constructed wetland for a long time to improve the carbon nitrogen ratio of the subsurface flow constructed wetland, and meanwhile, the rising amplitude of the COD is not too fast or too large, and the water yielding COD of the subsurface flow constructed wetland is not influenced to reach the standard;
after the carbon release period is finished, only the polyethylene part which is not easy to degrade is remained, and wetland back flushing measures can be utilized, on one hand: can slow down the blockage; on the other hand: the aged or deactivated microbial community contains various polysaccharides and proteins, can be used as a carbon source to back flush to the vicinity of the polyethylene which is not easy to degrade, can provide a growth and propagation space for microorganisms due to the fact that the rough structure of the microbial community has a higher specific surface area, continuously maintains higher total nitrogen removal efficiency by using the denitrifying flora with higher abundance in the vicinity of the polyethylene, and can relieve the problem of collapse of the subsurface flow constructed wetland caused by elution of other parts of the slow-release carbon source;
the carbon releasing process of the slow released carbon source in the subsurface flow constructed wetland mainly comprises two parts of microbial decomposition and physical dissolution under the condition of moving water, and the comprehensive carbon releasing amount is 10mg/g/h-50mg/g/h according to experimental and historical research results.
Example 5
This example is a further improvement over example 4, which is specifically as follows:
the mass volume ratio of the plant carbon source, the polyvinyl alcohol, the sodium alginate, the distilled water and the polyethylene is respectively as follows: (8-20) g: (10-18) g: (1.25-2.25) g: (300-500 ml): (15-30) g;
according to the dosage proportion of each material of the slow-release carbon source, the unit price of the required material, literature and test conditions, the material cost of the slow-release carbon source after drying is 15 yuan/kg-30 yuan/kg;
normally, the ammonia nitrogen concentration of tail water of a sewage treatment plant is 5mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen concentration of target effluent is 1.5mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen concentration of the effluent of the subsurface flow constructed wetland is 3.5mg/L under the assumption that a slow-release carbon source is not placed, the COD concentration is required to be increased by 10mg/L according to the principle of denitrification carbon nitrogen ratio of 1:5, and the hydraulic load of the subsurface flow constructed wetland is generally 0.3-0.8 m according to the technical guidelines for purifying constructed wetland water quality 3 /(m 2 D), the amount of the required slow-release carbon source is calculated to be 2.5-33.3 g/(m) 2 D) according to literature and experimental conditions, the slow-release carbon source density is about: 0.3 to 0.8g/cm 3 Then unit area (1 m 2 ) 10cm thick slow-release carbon sourceThe use time is at least 2.5 years, and the cost of the slow-release carbon source required for increasing the COD by 10mg/L as a whole is 180 yuan/m according to the lowest coefficient 2 /a；
In the embodiment, the cost of the slow-release carbon source is controllable, and the use cost of the slow-release carbon source is 182.43 yuan/m 2 The carbon source is released by the slow release carbon source for a duration of at least 3.7 years, after which the carbon source may be provided by backwashing.
Example 6
This example is a further improvement over example 5, which is specifically as follows:
the plant carbon source is soaked by 1% -2% NaOH and then dried and ground into powder, and the effect of soaking by NaOH is to destroy lignin structure of the plant which is not easy to release the carbon source, improve the carbon release efficiency of the slow release carbon source 3 and improve the porosity of the slow release carbon source 3, thereby improving the specific surface area.
Example 7
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, this embodiment is a further improvement on the basis of embodiment 5 or 6, and is specifically as follows:
the main material of the plant carbon source is derived from agricultural wastes, and one or more of corncobs, corn stalks, rice stalks and rice husks can be specifically selected, and the plant carbon source of the agricultural wastes can be used for realizing resource utilization, so that the material is green, environment-friendly, low in cost and easy to obtain, and the microbial decomposition or physical dissolution products are mainly soluble organic carbon, so that the subsurface flow constructed wetland and subsequent water outlet thereof are not negatively influenced.
Example 8
As shown in fig. 1, this embodiment is a further improvement on any one of embodiments 1 to 7, and specifically includes the following:
the waterproof layer 4 is preferably a waterproof film, although it does not exclude other materials that achieve the same function.
Example 9
As shown in fig. 1, this embodiment is a further improvement on any one of embodiments 1 to 8, and specifically includes the following:
the high-efficiency subsurface flow constructed wetland denitrification system further comprises: the planting soil layer 7 and the aquatic plants 8, the planting soil layer 7 is arranged above the upper packing layer 1, and the aquatic plants 8 are planted on the planting soil layer 7.
Example 10
As shown in fig. 1, this embodiment is a further improvement on any one of embodiments 1 to 9, and specifically includes the following:
the high-efficiency subsurface flow constructed wetland denitrification system further comprises: the drain pipe 9 and the drain layer 2 are arranged below the lower filler layer 5 in sequence from top to bottom.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the utility model is not intended to limit the utility model to the precise form disclosed, and any such modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the utility model are intended to be included within the scope of the utility model.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a high-efficient undercurrent constructed wetland denitrification system which characterized in that includes: the slow-release carbon source device comprises a water distribution pipe (6), an upper packing layer (1), a slow-release carbon source (3), a waterproof layer (4) and a lower packing layer (5) which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, wherein a plurality of holes are distributed on the slow-release carbon source (3) and the waterproof layer (4) along the thickness direction.
2. The high-efficiency subsurface flow constructed wetland denitrification system according to claim 1, wherein the number of water outlets on the water distribution pipe (6) is smaller than the number of holes on the slow-release carbon source (3), and the number of holes on the slow-release carbon source (3) is smaller than the number of holes on the waterproof layer (4).
3. The high-efficiency subsurface flow constructed wetland denitrification system according to claim 1, wherein the slow-release carbon source (3) is in a block shape, the thickness is 5 cm-15 cm, the spacing between holes on the slow-release carbon source (3) is uniform, the spacing between holes on the waterproof layer (4) is 50 mm-150 mm, and the diameter of the holes is 1 mm-10 mm.
4. The efficient subsurface flow constructed wetland denitrification system according to claim 1, wherein the waterproof layer (4) is a waterproof membrane.
5. The efficient subsurface flow constructed wetland denitrification system according to claim 1, further comprising: the planting soil layer (7) and aquatic plants (8), the planting soil layer (7) is arranged above the upper packing layer (1), and the aquatic plants (8) are planted on the planting soil layer (7).
6. The efficient subsurface flow constructed wetland denitrification system according to claim 1, further comprising: the drainage pipe (9) and the drainage layer (2), and the drainage pipe (9) and the drainage layer (2) are sequentially arranged below the lower packing layer (5) from top to bottom.
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