CN219591399U - Laminated solar cell module - Google Patents
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- CN219591399U CN219591399U CN202320522946.9U CN202320522946U CN219591399U CN 219591399 U CN219591399 U CN 219591399U CN 202320522946 U CN202320522946 U CN 202320522946U CN 219591399 U CN219591399 U CN 219591399U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a laminated solar cell assembly, which consists of a plurality of cell units, wherein each cell unit comprises a top layer sub-cell and a bottom layer sub-cell, the bottom layer sub-cell is a crystalline silicon cell, the optical forbidden bandwidth of the top layer sub-cell is larger than that of the bottom layer sub-cell, the top layer sub-cell corresponds to n bottom layer sub-cells in the longitudinal direction, and n is larger than or equal to 2. The laminated solar cell module can more comprehensively and efficiently utilize photons in the wavelength ranges of short waves, medium waves and long waves in the solar spectrum, thereby realizing high cell conversion efficiency and module power generation. The structure can fully and effectively utilize the area of the active area of the top layer cell (and the middle cell) to carry out photovoltaic power generation, thereby being capable of helping to realize photo-generated current matching among the top layer cell, the middle cell and the bottom sub-cell in the laminated cell and further effectively improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and the power generation of the laminated solar cell assembly.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a laminated solar cell module, and belongs to the technical field of solar cells.
Background
With the continuous and intensive research of human beings in the field of solar cells, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of single-junction solar cells (such as crystalline silicon cells and thin film cells of cadmium telluride, copper indium gallium selenide, perovskite and the like) is continuously improved and approaches the theoretical limit of Shockley-Queisser (S-Q for short). By adopting the structural design of the laminated solar cell formed by materials with different optical forbidden bandwidths, the band range of the solar spectrum absorption and utilization of the cell can be comprehensively widened, so that the cell efficiency breaks through the S-Q theoretical limit, the theoretical limit of the laminated cell under 1 sun can reach 69%, the industrialization of the laminated cell is of great concern, and the laminated cell is the most potential technical route of the industrialized solar cell in the future. At present, the preparation process flow of various laminated solar cells is complex, the preparation cost is high, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the laminated cells prepared by the industrialized technology is still quite different from that of the laminated cells prepared by the laboratory technology, so that the requirements of industrialized production cost cannot be met. Therefore, the photoelectric conversion efficiency under the industrialization condition needs to be further improved, and the preparation process cost is reduced, so that the industrialization can be further promoted.
In general, for a laminated cell using a crystalline silicon cell as a bottom cell, taking into consideration the two characteristics of large-area preparation of a thin film cell of a top layer and small-area preparation of a bottom crystalline silicon cell into consideration, the unit area of each laminated cell is limited by the small unit area of the crystalline silicon cell; that is, for a conventional stacked cell, the areas of the top cell and the bottom crystalline silicon cell are always uniform and equal, and as shown in fig. 1, the top cell of each unit area corresponds to the bottom crystalline silicon cell of 1 unit area thereunder in the longitudinal direction. The special prompt is as follows: fig. 1 shows a stacked cell assembly consisting of two subcells (i.e., a bottom crystalline silicon cell and a top cell) in series; if the laminated battery is formed by connecting three or more sub-batteries in series, an intermediate battery is added on the basis of the figure. Wherein 1 is a bottom layer crystalline silicon cell, 2 is an intermediate connection layer, 3 is a top layer cell with a wide forbidden band absorption layer, 4 is a back packaging layer, and 5 is a front packaging layer. In the packaging of the crystalline silicon batteries, the crystalline silicon batteries are required to be distributed according to a certain interval, and in this case, the top-layer batteries corresponding to the gaps between the bottom-layer crystalline silicon batteries cannot be utilized, so that the characteristics of large-area preparation of the thin-film batteries of the top-layer batteries cannot be fully utilized, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the batteries is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims to provide a laminated solar cell module.
The utility model adopts the technical scheme that:
the laminated solar cell module comprises a plurality of cell units, each cell unit comprises a top layer sub-cell and a bottom layer sub-cell, the bottom layer sub-cell is a crystalline silicon cell, and the optical forbidden bandwidth of the top layer sub-cell is larger than that of the bottom layer sub-cell, and the laminated solar cell module is characterized in that n bottom layer sub-cells correspond to the top layer sub-cell in the longitudinal direction, and n is larger than or equal to 2.
Preferably, the plurality of battery cells of each stacked solar cell assembly are packaged in the same package structure.
Preferably, the packaging structure comprises a substrate packaging layer arranged on the back surface of the bottom sub-battery and a front packaging layer arranged on the surface of the top sub-battery.
Preferably, the top sub-cell and the bottom sub-cell are connected through an intermediate connecting layer.
Preferably, the material used for the intermediate connection layer is a transparent conductive oxide.
Preferably, the solar cell further comprises an intermediate subcell arranged between the bottom subcell and the top subcell, and the optical forbidden bandwidth of the intermediate subcell is between the top subcell and the bottom subcell.
Preferably, E of the top sub-cell g 1.5-2.0eV; e of intermediate subcell g Is 1.35-1.6eV and less than E of the top sub-cell g The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the E of bottom subcell g Is 1.12eV.
Preferably, the value of n is 10 more than or equal to n more than or equal to 2.
Preferably, the packaging structure comprises a bottom substrate packaging layer arranged on the back surface of the bottom sub-battery, a bottom front packaging layer arranged on the surface of the bottom sub-battery, a top substrate packaging layer arranged on the back surface of the top sub-battery and a top front packaging layer arranged on the surface of the top sub-battery.
Preferably, the laminated solar cell module is a flexible laminated solar cell module.
For a dual stack cell comprising a top layer subcell and a bottom layer subcell, the top layer cell is the optical bandgap (E g ) Wider cells mainly use photons of high energy (short wavelength) and medium energy (medium wavelength) in the solar spectrum. The bottom sub-cell is a crystalline silicon cell (E) g =1.12 eV), photons of medium and long bands of medium and low energy of the solar spectrum are mainly utilized. In the longitudinal direction (i.e., the direction perpendicular to the cell horizontal plane) under every 1 unit area of the top-layer cell, there are 2 or more bottom-layer crystalline silicon cells corresponding to the unit area.
For a three stack cell comprising a top sub-cell, a middle sub-cell and a bottom sub-cell, the forbidden bandwidth of the middle cell is intermediate between the top cell and the bottom crystalline silicon cell, mainly using mid-energy (mid-wavelength) solar photons. In terms of design, E of the absorption layer of each sub-cell g Reasonable design is needed to be able to more fully and efficiently utilize photons in the short, medium and long wave ranges in the solar spectrum. Each 1 bottom layer of the top layer of the cells and each 1 middle layer of the cells corresponds to 2 or more than 2 bottom layer of the crystalline silicon cells of the cell area in the longitudinal direction.
The photo-generated carrier extraction mode of the laminated solar cell is very flexible: the electrode terminals are respectively led out from the front surface of the top sub-cell and the rear surface of the bottom sub-cell to lead out photogenerated carriers, and an intermediate connecting layer is required to be arranged between the top sub-cell and the bottom sub-cell at the moment, and the packaging structure comprises a substrate packaging layer arranged on the back surface of the bottom sub-cell and a front packaging layer arranged on the surface of the top sub-cell; the front and rear surfaces of each sub-cell may be respectively led out of the electrode terminals to lead out the photo-generated carriers, and in this case, an intermediate connection layer is not required, and each sub-cell itself may be subjected to front and rear surface packaging.
Regarding the type, structure, material selection and preparation process of the top cell and the intermediate cell:
the top layer cell mainly uses photons with high energy (short wavelength) and medium energy (medium wavelength) in the solar spectrum, so that the design of the forbidden bandwidth of the absorption layer material can realize the point. Typically, the top layer cell absorbs layer E g Typically, but not limited to, 1.5 to 2.0 eV. The specific type and structure of the top-layer battery satisfying the above-described forbidden bandwidth requirements are not limited. The middle cell mainly uses solar photons with medium energy (medium wavelength), and the forbidden bandwidth of the absorption layer is between the top cell and the bottom crystalline silicon cell. Typically, the absorption layer of the intermediate cell E g Typically, but not limited to, 1.35 to 1.6 eV. The specific type and structure of the intermediate battery that satisfies the above-described forbidden bandwidth requirements are not limited.
For the structural and type selection of the top layer cell and the intermediate cell, they may typically be thin film solar cells such as perovskite cells, copper indium gallium selenide cells, copper zinc tin sulfide cells, cadmium telluride cells, etc., organic solar cells, etc. In general, the forbidden bandwidths of the absorption layers of the thin film solar cell and the organic solar cell can be adjusted by adjusting the components of the thin film materials of the absorption layers.
The specific structures of the top cell and the middle cell generally consist of an absorption layer, an electron transport layer, a hole transport layer, an interface passivation layer (also called an interface modification layer), an optical antireflection film, an electrode for extracting photogenerated carriers, and the like. The preparation process of the top layer battery and the middle battery is not limited in specific material selection and preparation process on the basis that the laminated solar cell module can be reasonably prepared. Since the top layer cell and the middle cell can generally adopt a thin film solar cell, the preparation process has the characteristic of large-area preparation.
Type and structure for underlying crystalline silicon cells
The bottom layer battery adopts a crystalline silicon battery, the forbidden bandwidth is 1.12eV, and photons of middle and low energy of solar spectrum in medium and long wave bands are mainly utilized. The silicon material substrate may be monocrystalline silicon or polycrystalline silicon, and the substrate doping type may be n-type (phosphorus doped) or p-type (boron doped or gallium doped).
The specific structure of the crystalline silicon battery component is not limited, and a PERC (passivated emitter and rear cell) battery, a passivation contact TOPCon (Tunnel oxide and passivated contact) battery, a silicon Heterojunction (HJT) battery and the like can be adopted; back contact (Interdigited back contact, IBC) cells, or MWT (Metal Wrap Through) or EWT (Emitter Wrap Through) cells, may also be used.
The area size of the crystalline silicon battery is not limited, and the currently industrialized popular 156mm, 182mm or 210mm side length can be adopted, and the area size can be cut into smaller areas (which can be determined according to application scenes), such as one half piece, one third piece, … …, one n-half piece and the like.
Regarding intermediate connection layer performance requirements, material selection and manufacturing process
The stacked solar cell also requires an intermediate connection layer in some cases for connecting the layers of sub-cells. The intermediate connection layer is capable of achieving good optical coupling and electrical coupling between the sub-cells of each layer, and the material of the intermediate connection layer is required to be selected to be suitable for the specific structure of each layer of sub-cell. On the basis, the specific materials and the preparation process of the intermediate connecting layer are not limited.
Flexible laminated solar cell module
The laminated solar cell module may be prepared as a rigid module or a flexible module, which requires selection of materials suitable for the flexible cell module at the substrate of the laminated cell, the packaging materials of the front and rear surfaces of the laminated cell, etc., and a preparation method corresponding thereto. Because the bottom layer battery adopts the crystalline silicon battery, correspondingly, the back packaging of the bottom layer crystalline silicon battery needs to adopt a flexible packaging material and a flexible packaging process which are suitable for the back packaging.
In principle, the laminated cell structure of the utility model is equivalent to that n (n is more than or equal to 2) crystal silicon cells of the bottom layer are connected in parallel, and then connected in series with 1 top layer cell (or 1 middle cell when the laminated cell is more than three-junction). For the above-mentioned n value (i.e. n unit area of the bottom layer of the crystalline silicon cell), n is greater than or equal to 2, the n value is specifically and flexibly determined according to the unit area of the bottom layer of the crystalline silicon cell: if the unit area of the bottom layer crystal silicon battery is the area of a conventional industrialized crystal silicon battery, n is generally smaller, for example, n=2 is a better choice; if the unit area of the bottom layer crystalline silicon cell is smaller than that of a conventional industrial crystalline silicon cell (such as half a slice, one third slice, … …, and one N half slice) after the conventional industrial crystalline silicon cell is manufactured, N can be larger.
Taking a two-junction laminated cell as an example (the laminated cell formed by three or more sub-cells is the same as the laminated cell), the advantage of the laminated cell structure in photovoltaic power generation is described. The laminated cell structure is very suitable for the situation that the photo-generated current density of a top cell is slightly smaller than that of a bottom cell in a two-junction laminated solar cell. This is because, in the photovoltaic power generation operation of the tandem type laminated cell, the short-circuit current of the entire laminated cell depends on the smaller one of the top-layer cell and the bottom-layer cell; that is, the cell photoelectric conversion efficiency is highly limited to the sub-cell in which the photo-generated current is smaller to some extent. Therefore, in order to make the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the stacked cell higher, it is often desirable that the current matching of the top cell and the bottom cell be matched to each other (i.e., that their respective photo-generated currents be as equal as possible).
In general, for a laminated cell in which a crystalline silicon cell is a bottom cell, taking into consideration the two aspects that a thin film cell on a top layer has a large-area preparation characteristic and a bottom crystalline silicon cell is prepared in a small area into consideration, the unit area of each laminated cell is limited by the characteristic that the crystalline silicon cell has a small unit area; that is, for conventional stacked cells, the areas of the top and bottom crystalline silicon cells tend to be uniform and equal. Since the crystalline silicon cells are required to be arranged according to a certain interval distribution in the packaging, if the area of the top layer cell corresponding to the area between every 2 adjacent crystalline silicon cells in the longitudinal direction is available (i.e. the top layer cell exists in the area), the active area of the top layer cell in the area of the area can be fully utilized for photovoltaic power generation: this is equivalent to raising the photo-generated current of the top layer cell to a certain extent (photo-generated current=photo-generated current density multiplied by cell area), which is more beneficial to realizing that the top layer and bottom layer cells of the laminated cell form good current matching (when the current density of the top layer cell is slightly smaller than that of the bottom layer crystalline silicon cell), so that the whole laminated cell and assembly obtain higher cell photoelectric conversion efficiency and power generation. In addition, as more active area of the top layer battery can be fully utilized, the preparation cost of the laminated battery is reduced.
The surface, four sides, and the adjacent middle regions of every 2 crystalline silicon cells of the underlying crystalline silicon cell also cover the large area of the middle connecting layer material and the thin film material of the top layer cell (and middle subcells) within each cell unit, so that the top layer cell (middle subcell) of the adjacent middle region of every 2 crystalline silicon cells within each cell unit can be utilized for photovoltaic power generation.
In the stacked cell, compared with the underlying crystalline silicon cell (E g＝ 1.12 eV), top layer thin film cell due to E g Wider, so it may be frequent that the top layer cell photo-generated current density is less than the bottom layer crystalline silicon cell photo-generated current density. Therefore, the laminated battery structure design provided by the utility model has strong practicability.
Because of the large area preparation characteristics compared with thin film batteries, the area of the crystalline silicon battery is very small, and the area of the top layer thin film battery and the area of the bottom layer crystalline silicon battery are required to be equal after the preparation of the conventional laminated battery is completed; that is, the preparation of the top-layer thin film battery has no way to exert its characteristics of large-area preparation (and thus has the advantage of low preparation cost), which makes the preparation cost of the laminate battery high. The laminated battery structure provided by the utility model can fully exert the large-area preparation characteristic of the top-layer thin-film battery on the preparation process method, and the laminated battery structure provided by the utility model can exert the large-area advantage characteristic of the top-layer thin-film battery, so that the preparation process method of the laminated battery can be more flexibly and variously selected, the production and preparation cost of the laminated battery can be greatly reduced, and the industrialization of the laminated battery is facilitated.
The beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows:
1) The laminated solar cell module can more comprehensively and efficiently utilize photons in the wavelength ranges of short waves, medium waves and long waves in the solar spectrum, thereby realizing high cell conversion efficiency and module power generation.
2) The structure of the laminated solar cell module can more fully and effectively utilize the area of the active area of the top cell (and the middle cell) to carry out photovoltaic power generation, thereby helping to realize photo-generated current matching among the top cell, the middle cell and the bottom sub-cell in the laminated cell and further effectively improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and the power generation of the laminated solar cell module.
3) In the stacked cell, compared with the underlying crystalline silicon cell (E g＝ 1.12 eV), top layer thin film cell due to E g Wider, so it may be frequent that the top layer cell photo-generated current density is less than the bottom layer crystalline silicon cell photo-generated current density. Therefore, the laminated battery structure design provided by the utility model has strong practicability.
4) The structure and the type of the top layer battery and the middle battery can be flexibly selected, the forbidden bandwidth of the absorption layer can be designed into an optimized forbidden bandwidth according to the requirements of application scenes, and then the forbidden bandwidth design can be realized by selecting proper materials of the absorption layers of the top layer battery and the middle battery, so that the method can be flexibly, stably and efficiently applied to different application environments (including factors such as climate, geography and environment).
5) The laminated solar cell module can flexibly select different types of terminal structural designs according to the requirements of application scenes, so that the laminated solar cell module can be flexibly applied to different application scenes.
6) The laminated solar cell module can be prepared into flexibility, and the radian curvature of the flexibility can be flexibly designed according to specific application scenes, so that the application scenes of the high-efficiency laminated solar cell are expanded, and the application is wider and more flexible.
7) The laminated solar cell module has a simple structure and can exert the advantage of a large area of the top layer film cell, so that the preparation process of the laminated cell module is more flexible and diversified, the production and preparation cost of the laminated cell module can be greatly reduced, and the industrialization of the laminated cell is facilitated.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a conventional stacked solar cell module.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a stacked solar cell module according to the present utility model, wherein two subcells (i.e., a bottom crystalline silicon cell and a top cell) are connected in series.
The utility model is further described below with reference to the drawings and examples.
Detailed Description
Example 1
As shown in fig. 2, the laminated solar cell module is composed of a plurality of cell units, each cell unit comprises a bottom layer subcell and a top layer subcell, the top layer subcell and the bottom layer subcell are connected through an intermediate connection layer, the bottom layer subcell is a crystalline silicon cell, the optical forbidden bandwidth of the top layer subcell is greater than that of the bottom layer subcell, the top layer subcell longitudinally corresponds to n bottom layer subcells, and n is equal to 2. The plurality of battery units of each laminated solar battery assembly are packaged in the same packaging structure, wherein the packaging structure comprises a substrate packaging layer arranged on the back surface of the bottom layer sub-battery and a front packaging layer arranged on the surface of the top layer sub-battery.
In fig. 2, 1 is a bottom layer crystalline silicon cell, 2 is an intermediate connection layer, 3 is a top layer cell with a wide band gap absorption layer, 4 is a back side encapsulation layer, and 5 is a front side encapsulation layer. The top cell and intermediate connection layer deposited on the sides of the bottom crystalline silicon cell are not shown. The special prompt is as follows: 1) The figure shows that one photo-generated carrier is extracted through the front side of the whole laminated cell assembly, and the other photo-generated carrier is extracted through the back side, and an intermediate connecting layer is needed to enable optical coupling and electrical coupling between the bottom layer crystal silicon cell and the top layer cell. If the tandem type laminated battery is used, the front and rear surfaces of each sub-battery are respectively led out of photo-generated carriers, and the front and rear surface packaging of each sub-battery is needed, and meanwhile, an intermediate connecting layer is not needed. 2) The top layer cell of each unit area is shown, and the bottom layer crystalline silicon cell of 2 unit areas is arranged below the top layer cell in the longitudinal direction, namely, n=2; for the case where n is greater than 2, the bottom layer of crystalline silicon cells is the n unit areas below. 3) The laminate battery may also be a flexible battery. 4) Schematic diagrams of stacked cell assemblies consisting of three or more subcells in series are similar and are omitted herein.
Example 2
The laminated solar cell assembly comprises a plurality of cell units, wherein each cell unit comprises a bottom layer sub-cell, a middle sub-cell and a top layer sub-cell, the top layer sub-cell is connected with the middle sub-cell and the bottom layer sub-cell through a middle connecting layer, the bottom layer sub-cell is a crystalline silicon cell, the optical forbidden bandwidth of the top layer sub-cell is greater than the optical forbidden bandwidth of the middle sub-cell, the top layer sub-cell longitudinally corresponds to n bottom layer sub-cells, and n is equal to 2. The plurality of battery units of each laminated solar battery assembly are packaged in the same packaging structure, wherein the packaging structure comprises a substrate packaging layer arranged on the back surface of the bottom layer sub-battery and a front packaging layer arranged on the surface of the top layer sub-battery.
In a specific design, n may be greater than 2.
The bottom sub-cell, the middle sub-cell and the top sub-cell can also respectively lead out electrode terminals on the front surface and the rear surface to lead out photogenerated carriers, and each sub-cell needs to be packaged on the front surface and the rear surface.
Finally, it should be noted that although embodiments of the present utility model have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present utility model is not limited to the above-described specific embodiments and application fields, and the above-described specific embodiments are merely illustrative and instructive, and are used to help understand the method of the present utility model and its core ideas, not limiting. Many alterations, modifications and equivalents will occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the utility model as defined by the appended claims, and their equivalents are intended to be embraced by the specification.
Claims (10)
1. The laminated solar cell module comprises a plurality of cell units, each cell unit comprises a top layer sub-cell and a bottom layer sub-cell, the bottom layer sub-cell is a crystalline silicon cell, and the optical forbidden bandwidth of the top layer sub-cell is larger than that of the bottom layer sub-cell, and the laminated solar cell module is characterized in that n bottom layer sub-cells correspond to the top layer sub-cell in the longitudinal direction, and n is larger than or equal to 2.
2. The laminated solar cell module of claim 1, wherein: the plurality of battery cells of each stacked solar cell assembly are packaged in the same package structure.
3. The laminated solar cell module of claim 2, wherein: the packaging structure comprises a substrate packaging layer arranged on the back surface of the bottom sub-battery and a front packaging layer arranged on the surface of the top sub-battery.
4. A laminated solar cell module according to claim 3, characterized in that: the top sub-battery is connected with the bottom sub-battery through an intermediate connecting layer.
5. The laminated solar cell module of claim 4, wherein: the intermediate connection layer is made of transparent conductive oxide.
6. The laminated solar cell module of claim 1, wherein: the solar cell further comprises an intermediate subcell arranged between the bottom subcell and the top subcell, and the optical forbidden bandwidth of the intermediate subcell is between the top subcell and the bottom subcell.
7. The laminated solar cell module of claim 6, wherein: e of the top sub-cell g 1.5-2.0eV; e of intermediate subcell g Is 1.35-1.6eV and less than E of the top sub-cell g The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the E of bottom subcell g Is 1.12eV.
8. The laminated solar cell module of claim 1, wherein: n is more than or equal to 10 and more than or equal to 2.
9. The laminated solar cell module of claim 2, wherein: the packaging structure comprises a bottom substrate packaging layer arranged on the back surface of the bottom sub-battery, a bottom front packaging layer arranged on the surface of the bottom sub-battery, a top substrate packaging layer arranged on the back surface of the top sub-battery and a top front packaging layer arranged on the surface of the top sub-battery.
10. The laminated solar cell module of claim 1, wherein: the laminated solar cell module is a flexible laminated solar cell module.
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