CN219476609U - Fuse with pyrotechnic linkage structure - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a fuse with a pyrotechnic linkage structure, which comprises a shell and a cavity in the shell, wherein at least one main circuit electrode is penetrated in the shell and the shell, two ends of the main circuit electrode can be connected with an external circuit, at least one melt is arranged on the main circuit electrode in parallel, and an excitation device and a breaking device are arranged in the cavity at one side of the main circuit electrode; the excitation device can receive an external excitation signal to act, and the breaking device is driven to form at least one fracture on the main circuit electrode and the melt in sequence; at least one fracture on the main circuit electrode is connected with the melt in parallel; the main circuit electrode is provided with a breaking weakening point for forming a fracture, and a depression part of the breaking weakening point is welded with low-melting-point alloy. The fuse is used for ensuring the current passing capability of the main circuit electrode by welding low-melting-point alloy at the weakening point of the main circuit electrode.

Description

Fuse with pyrotechnic linkage structure

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the field of new energy automobiles and energy storage systems, in particular to a fuse with a pyrotechnic linkage structure.

Background

When the pyrotechnic fuse used for the new energy automobile or the energy storage system in the market at present works, the weakening point is mainly arranged on the main circuit electrode (the cross section area of the weakening point is smaller), and the weakening point is cut off by utilizing the thrust generated by the gas generator so as to realize fusing protection. Because the sectional area of the weakening point is smaller, the local temperature rise of the electrode plate at the position of the weakening point is too high due to long-time heavy current operation, and the temperature in the whole box can be influenced when the battery box is used. When the fuse is used for high voltage, the pyrotechnic fuse can be used for carrying out overcurrent high-voltage breaking in a mode that main fracture of the electrode plate is connected with melt in parallel. If the cutting capacity requirement of 150VDC is met according to the conventional 6mm spacing of the narrow opening, the integral structure can be larger and the cutting opening is inconsistent when the cutting device is used for a 1200VDC high-voltage field. In order to improve the effective separation of the main fracture, the melt needs to have time difference with the main fracture when being broken, so that the main fracture is prevented from being broken down again and arcing. The melt is generally designed for overcurrent fusing hysteresis, but can lead to the problem that the melt may fail to break at low currents.

The utility model patent CN113205984A discloses an excitation fuse for sequentially disconnecting a conductor and a melt, and provides a pyrotechnic linkage structure, but the fuse does not solve the problem that the local temperature of an electrode plate at a weakening point is excessively high.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, an object of the present utility model is to provide a fuse with a pyrotechnic linkage structure, which can weaken a main circuit electrode while ensuring a current-carrying capability of the main circuit electrode and reducing a temperature rise of the main circuit electrode. Furthermore, a new pyrotechnic linkage structure is provided, and the product design is optimized.

The fuse with the pyrotechnic linkage structure comprises a shell and a cavity in the shell, wherein at least one main circuit electrode is arranged in the shell in a penetrating way, two ends of the main circuit electrode can be connected with an external circuit, at least one melt is arranged on the main circuit electrode in parallel, and an excitation device and a breaking device are arranged in the cavity at one side of the main circuit electrode; the excitation device can receive an external excitation signal to act, and the breaking device is driven to form at least one fracture on the main circuit electrode and the melt in sequence; at least one fracture on the main circuit electrode is connected with the melt in parallel; at least one breaking weakening point is arranged on the main circuit electrode, a fracture is formed by punching the breaking weakening point, and soft low-melting-point alloy is welded at the pressed part of the breaking weakening point.

Further, a rotation weakening point is further arranged on the main circuit electrode, low-melting-point alloy is welded at the pressed-in position of the rotation weakening point, the rotation weakening point is arranged on one side or two sides of the breaking weakening point to form a single-door or double-door pushing structure, the broken main circuit electrode can be pushed away by the breaking device and rotates by taking the rotation weakening point as an axis, and a part of the breaking device moving passes through a gap formed by rotation of the main circuit electrode.

Further, for each main circuit electrode, at least two melts, a bridging electrode and two closed arc-extinguishing chambers filled with arc-extinguishing medium are arranged in the shell, at least one melt is vertically arranged in each arc-extinguishing chamber, part or all of the melt is positioned in the arc-extinguishing medium, the melts in the two arc-extinguishing chambers are connected through the bridging electrodes which are transversely arranged to form a high-voltage breaking circuit with a U-shaped structure, and are respectively connected with two ends of the main circuit electrode, so that the high-voltage breaking circuit is connected with the fracture of the main circuit electrode in parallel; and at least one group of force application components are arranged on the bridging electrode, and the force application components push the bridging electrode under the drive of the breaking device, so that the melt is broken to form a fracture.

Further, ribs are arranged on the side wall of the force application component, and the force application component is in interference contact with the inner wall of the shell through the ribs.

Further, the bridging electrode is wrapped with a plastic protecting body, and the force application component acts on the plastic protecting body.

Further, a structural weakening point is arranged in the middle of the melt, and the melt breaks along the structural weakening point to form a fracture under the condition of overcurrent or tension.

Furthermore, a group of magnets are symmetrically arranged on the outer side of the arc extinguishing chamber, and the magnets are arranged in a heteropolar attraction state.

Further, a movable guide rail is arranged in the shell, and the breaking device and the force application assembly move along the movable guide rail when driven.

Further, the shell or the arc extinguishing chamber is of a vacuum structure.

Further, the shell comprises an upper cover, a middle frame, a lower cover and a sealing ring; the main circuit electrode is arranged between the middle frame and the lower cover; the upper cover is connected with the middle frame to form an upper cavity, and the sealing ring is arranged at the joint of the upper cover and the middle frame; the breaking device and the excitation device are arranged in the upper cavity.

The utility model realizes the following technical effects:

the fuse is used for welding soft low-melting-point alloy at the weakening point of the main circuit electrode, and ensures the effective cutting-off of the main circuit electrode and the area of the through-flow section to the maximum extent, thereby ensuring that: in normal operation, the magnitude of the temperature rise of the fuse is not large when the fuse passes through a large current and a large voltage.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a fuse with pyrotechnic linkage in accordance with an embodiment of the present utility model;

FIG. 2 is a structural cross-sectional view of a fuse with pyrotechnic linkages in accordance with an embodiment of the present utility model after blowing;

fig. 3 is a structural cross-sectional view of another view of the fuse with pyrotechnic linkage of the present utility model.

Wherein: 1-a main circuit electrode; 2-low melting point alloy; 3-melt; 4-bridging electrodes; 5-arc extinguishing medium; 6-a plastic protector; 7-an arc extinguishing chamber housing; 8-cover plate; 9-pushing blocks; 10-a lower cover; 11-a middle frame; 12-an upper cover; 13-a piston; 14-sealing rings; 15-a gas generator; 16-magnet; 17-breaking the weakened point; 18-rotating the weakened point; 19-a movable guide rail; 20-melt weakening point.

Detailed Description

For further illustration of the various embodiments, the utility model is provided with the accompanying drawings. The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this disclosure, illustrate embodiments and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the embodiments. With reference to these matters, one of ordinary skill in the art will understand other possible embodiments and advantages of the present utility model. The components in the figures are not drawn to scale and like reference numerals are generally used to designate like components.

The utility model will now be further described with reference to the drawings and detailed description.

As shown in fig. 1-3, the present utility model provides an embodiment of a fuse having a pyrotechnic linkage. The fuse comprises a shell and a cavity in the shell, wherein a main circuit electrode 1 is arranged in the shell in a penetrating way, and two ends of the main circuit electrode 1 can be connected with an external circuit. For the fuse with the pyrotechnic linkage structure, at least one melt is arranged on the main circuit electrode 1 in parallel, and an excitation device and a breaking device are arranged in a cavity at one side of the main circuit electrode 1; the excitation device can receive an external excitation signal to act, and the breaking device is driven to form at least one fracture on the main circuit electrode and the melt in sequence; at least one break in the main circuit electrode 1 is connected in parallel with the melt.

In this embodiment, the entire fuse is enclosed in one plastic housing. The shell is composed of a lower cover 10, a middle frame 11 and an upper cover 12, and can be locked into a whole through screws. The shell achieves the effect of a final protection circuit, so that a new energy automobile or energy storage equipment provided with the fuse is protected from causing larger damage after the fault occurs. For convenience of description, the cavity of the upper cover 12 is defined as an upper chamber and the cavity of the lower cover 10 is defined as a lower chamber according to the positions of the main circuit electrodes 1. The sealing ring 14 is embedded at the joint between the upper cover 12 and the middle frame 11, and then the upper chamber is closed into a closed space by matching with the piston 13.

In the present embodiment, the excitation means employs a gas generator 15; the breaking device comprises a piston 13, a push block 9 and the like. Wherein the gas generator 15 and the piston 13 are located in the upper chamber and the push block 9 is located in the lower chamber.

In this embodiment, the structure of the main circuit electrode 1 is weakened, a breaking weakening point 17 is disposed in the middle of the main circuit electrode 1, two rotating weakening points 18 are disposed at two of the breaking weakening points 17, the main circuit electrode 1 only maintains a very thin connection at the positions of the breaking weakening point 17 and the rotating weakening point 18 through a stamping process, and the breaking weakening point 17 and the rotating weakening point 18 can form a fracture or bend under mechanical impact. At this time, if the passing current is too large, the local temperature rise of the main circuit electrode 1 is easily increased, and the electrode over-temperature causes the main circuit electrode 1 to actively fuse at the notched position such as the breaking weakened point 17 or the rotating weakened point 18, which affects the reliability of the fuse. In order to improve the temperature rise, soft low-melting point alloy 2 is welded at the depressed positions of the breaking weakening point 17 and the rotating weakening point 18 of the main circuit electrode 1, the through-flow cross section is increased, and the temperature rise range is reduced, so that the main circuit electrode 1 does not generate self-melting phenomenon due to over-temperature in the actual working state. Meanwhile, the low-melting-point alloy 2 has weak structural strength, and the influence on the structural strength of the breaking weakening point 17 and the rotation weakening point 18 is in an adjustable range. In a specific application, a plurality of break weakening points may also be provided on the main circuit electrode 1 to form one or more breaks.

In this embodiment, the piston 13 and the push block 9 are mounted on a movable rail, which can move along the movable rail 19 under the action of an external force.

In this embodiment, a high voltage breaking circuit is provided in parallel with the break on the main circuit electrode 1. The high-voltage breaking circuit is formed by connecting two melts 3 and a bridging electrode 4 in series. One ends of the two melts 3 are respectively welded at two ends of the main circuit electrode 1, and the other ends are respectively welded with one end of the bridging electrode 4.

In this embodiment, the melt 3 is installed in an arc chute, which is formed by an arc chute housing 7 and an arc chute cover 8, which is filled with an arc extinguishing medium 5. The arc extinguishing chambers are two and are respectively arranged at two sides of the lower cavity.

In this embodiment, the part of the melt 3 in the arc-extinguishing chamber is provided with at least one structural weakening point 20. The structural weakening point 20 can be in a form of a stamp hole, so that the position of a fracture of the melt 3 is clear, and under the wrapping of an arc extinguishing medium, the generation of an electric arc can be restrained, and the electric arc can be cut off quickly.

In this embodiment, the outer layer of the bridging electrode 4 is provided with the plastic protecting body 6 by injection molding, so that the strength of the bridging electrode 4 can be enhanced, and the pushing block 9 can push the bridging electrode 4 to break the melt 3 more easily.

Fuse principle of operation:

when the fuse breaks down in the use process, an external excitation signal is excited, so that the pyrotechnic gas generator 15 is detonated to generate impact force, the piston 13 is pushed, the piston 13 moves along the movable guide rail 19, the piston 13 is designed into a double-inclined-plane knife edge shape at the contact position with the main circuit electrode 1, and at the moment, the piston 13 punches the main circuit electrode 1 to break the main circuit electrode 1 at the breaking weakening point 17. At this time, the extending section at the outer side of the piston 13 pushes the push block 9 to move simultaneously, the side wall of the push block 9 is provided with a small protruding rib, the small rib is in interference contact with the shell, when the push block moves, pressure is generated due to the fact that the small rib is pressed and elastically deformed, friction force is generated between the push block 9 and the shell, the push block 9 plays a damping role, when external force is lost, the push block 9 can slow down the advancing speed, bending occurs at two sides of the main circuit electrode 1 along with the forward movement of the piston 13, at this time, the piston 13 continuously applies pushing force to the push block 9 through the main circuit electrode 1, meanwhile, the bent main circuit electrode 1 also applies force to the push block 9, and the fact that the push block 9 has a continuous advancing impulse source is ensured. When the main circuit electrode 1 is broken, the current passing through the main circuit electrode 1 is transferred to the high-voltage breaking circuit, and no arc is generated at the break of the main circuit electrode 1.

When the melt 3 is broken, the arc is easily generated at the fracture of the melt 3 due to the instant cutting of large current and large voltage, and the arc extinguishing substances in the arc extinguishing chamber cool the generated arc at the moment, so that the arc is extinguished, and the effect of finally cutting off the circuit of the fuse is achieved.

Preferably, in order to more effectively extinguish the arc, the utility model can be extended to adding two magnets 16 on both sides of the arc extinguishing chamber, as shown in fig. 3. The magnets 16 on two sides are symmetrically arranged, and the different poles of the magnets are attracted mutually to generate a magnetic field to stretch an arc generated at the fracture of the melt 3, so that the arc is more easily extinguished by arc extinguishing substances, the effective breaking of an electric use circuit of the fuse is improved, and the device is safer and safer.

The fuse with the pyrotechnic linkage structure has the following technical characteristics:

the main circuit electrode is weakened, and soft low-melting-point alloy is welded at the cut, so that the through-flow capacity is improved, the temperature rise is reduced, and meanwhile, the structural strength is not increased. In the application environment of high current and high voltage, a linkage mechanism is designed, when the linkage mechanism acts on a main fracture and a melt, a certain distance exists on the melt side of the linkage mechanism, when a gas generator pushes the linkage mechanism to act, the main fracture is cut off firstly, then the melt is cut off, the melt is designed into a U-shaped structure, a U-shaped middle crossing section is a structural reinforcement, the melt with concentrated weakening points is arranged on two sides of the U-shaped, the melt on two sides of the U-shaped is arranged in an arc extinguishing cavity, and arc extinguishing mediums are welded in the arc extinguishing cavity. Under the action of the linkage mechanism, the broken port is ensured to be under the wrapping of the arc extinguishing medium, the temperature generated by the melt can be effectively and rapidly radiated, the generated electric arc can be rapidly cut off by the acting force generated by the gas generator, the magnetic fields generated by the parallel sections of the U-shaped structure can be rapidly prolonged, charged particles can be rapidly compounded and diffused, and the arc extinguishing medium can be used for rapidly extinguishing the arc.

As shown in fig. 3, in the present embodiment, the quantity of melt 3 in the arc extinguishing chamber is single. In order to further increase the fusing current and voltage, the number of melts 3 can be increased in practical application, and the melts together form a protection loop, and the protection loops are connected in parallel with each other and the main circuit, so that the single melt 3 can reduce the born current and voltage. In practical application, the structure of the arc extinguishing chamber is expanded. The structure can generate an interactive magnetic field in the parallel section, can elongate the arc and quickly cut off the arc.

According to the utility model, the device is also designed into a vacuum structure through the structural design, so that the possibility of leakage of an electric arc is reduced in a vacuum environment, and the protection effect of the fuse is enhanced.

While the utility model has been particularly shown and described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the utility model as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. The fuse with the pyrotechnic linkage structure comprises a shell and a cavity in the shell, wherein at least one main circuit electrode is arranged in the shell in a penetrating way, two ends of the main circuit electrode can be connected with an external circuit, at least one melt is arranged on the main circuit electrode in parallel, and an excitation device and a breaking device are arranged in the cavity at one side of the main circuit electrode; the excitation device can receive an external excitation signal to act, and the breaking device is driven to form at least one fracture on the main circuit electrode and the melt in sequence; at least one fracture on the main circuit electrode is connected with the melt in parallel; the manufacturing method is characterized in that at least one breaking weakening point is arranged on the main circuit electrode, the breaking weakening point is punched to form a fracture, and soft low-melting-point alloy is welded at the pressed part of the breaking weakening point.

2. The fuse with pyrotechnic linkage structure of claim 1, wherein the main circuit electrode is further provided with a rotation weakening point, soft low-melting-point alloy is welded at the depression of the rotation weakening point, the rotation weakening point is arranged at one side or two sides of the breaking weakening point to form a single-door or double-door pushing structure, the broken main circuit electrode can be pushed away by the breaking device and rotates around the rotation weakening point, and a part breaking the movement of the device passes through a gap formed by the rotation of the main circuit electrode.

3. The fuse with the pyrotechnic linkage structure according to claim 2, wherein for each main circuit electrode, at least two melts, a bridging electrode and two closed arc-extinguishing chambers filled with arc-extinguishing medium are arranged in the shell, at least one melt is vertically placed in each arc-extinguishing chamber, part or all of the melt is positioned in the arc-extinguishing medium, the melts in the two arc-extinguishing chambers are connected through the bridging electrodes which are transversely arranged to form a high-voltage breaking circuit with a U-shaped structure, and are respectively connected with two ends of the main circuit electrode, so that the high-voltage breaking circuit is connected with a fracture of the main circuit electrode in parallel; and at least one group of force application components are arranged on the bridging electrode, and the force application components push the bridging electrode under the drive of the breaking device, so that the melt is broken to form a fracture.

4. A fuse with pyrotechnic linkage as defined in claim 3, wherein the sidewall of the force application assembly is provided with ribs, the force application assembly being in interference contact with the housing inner wall via the ribs.

5. A fuse with pyrotechnic linkage as defined in claim 3, wherein the bridging electrode is wrapped with a plastic protective body, the force application assembly acting on the plastic protective body.

6. A fuse with pyrotechnic linkage as claimed in claim 3, wherein the melt is provided with a structural weakening point in the middle, along which the melt breaks to form a fracture in case of overcurrent or under tension.

7. The fuse with pyrotechnic linkage of claim 3 wherein a pair of magnets are symmetrically disposed on the outside of the arc chute and are arranged in a heteropolar attractive state.

8. A fuse with pyrotechnic linkage as claimed in claim 3 wherein a movable rail is provided in the housing along which the breaking means and the force application assembly move when actuated.

9. A fuse with pyrotechnic linkage as claimed in claim 3, wherein the housing or the arc chute is of a evacuable construction.

10. The fuse with pyrotechnic linkage of claim 3 wherein the housing comprises an upper cover, a middle frame, a lower cover, and a sealing ring; the main circuit electrode is arranged between the middle frame and the lower cover; the upper cover is connected with the middle frame to form an upper cavity, and the sealing ring is arranged at the joint of the upper cover and the middle frame; the breaking device and the excitation device are arranged in the upper cavity.