CN219464763U - Metal additive manufacturing equipment and optical device thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides a metal vibration material plate manufacturing equipment and optical device thereof, wherein vibration material plate manufacturing equipment is including setting up respectively in the subassembly of blowing and the subassembly that induced drafts of printing the breadth both sides, and this optical device includes laser instrument and galvanometer system, laser instrument and galvanometer system set up in the oblique top of printing the breadth and near the subassembly of blowing, and when the galvanometer deflection angle of X scanning galvanometer and Y scanning galvanometer of galvanometer system all is 0, the central point of incident laser is located the midpoint position that is close to the boundary line of subassembly of blowing of printing the breadth, and the laser can make the central line of the laser beam of incident printing the breadth and the equal syntropy of blowing direction when the arbitrary region on the sintering printing breadth like this. The metal additive manufacturing equipment and the optical device thereof can lead the incident direction of laser and the blowing direction to be in the same direction (i.e. downwind condition) when sintering any area on the printing breadth, thus obtaining cleaner sintering environment, namely leading the printed product to obtain better sintering quality.

Description

Metal additive manufacturing equipment and optical device thereof

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of additive manufacturing, and particularly relates to metal additive manufacturing equipment and an optical device thereof.

Background

The additive manufacturing technology is an advanced manufacturing technology with the distinct characteristics of digital manufacturing, high flexibility and adaptability, direct CAD model driving, rapidness, rich and various material types and the like, and has a very wide application range because the additive manufacturing technology is not limited by the complexity of the shape of the part and does not need any tooling die. Selective Laser Melting (SLM) is one of the rapidly developing additive manufacturing technologies in recent years, which uses powder materials as raw materials, and scans the cross section of a three-dimensional entity layer by using laser to complete prototype manufacturing. The basic working process is as follows: the powder feeding device feeds a certain amount of powder to the working platform surface, the powder spreading device spreads a layer of powder material on the upper surface of the working cavity bottom plate or the formed part, the laser vibrating mirror system controls laser to scan the solid part powder layer according to the section outline of the layer with approximately unchanged spot size and beam energy, so that the powder is melted and is bonded with the formed part below; after the section of one layer is sintered, the working platform descends by one layer of thickness, the powder spreading device spreads a layer of uniform and compact powder on the working platform, the scanning sintering of the section of the new layer is carried out, and a plurality of layers of scanning and superposition are carried out until the whole prototype manufacturing is completed.

In the forming process of the metal additive manufacturing apparatus, in order to ensure that the blowing device 13 blows the dust and splashes formed during sintering to the surface of the sintered area and is sucked into the suction device 14, so that the surface of the area to be sintered is kept clean, the current laser propelling direction and the blowing wind direction are generally opposite. However, in the metal selective laser sintering apparatus of the prior art, the optical mechanism 11 (including the laser and the galvanometer system) is generally installed right above the working area 12 (see fig. 1), so that when the galvanometer deflection angles of the X-scan galvanometer and the Y-scan galvanometer are both 0 °, the incident laser center point is located at the very center of the working area 12, and at least the following two cases occur during the sintering process: one case is that the laser incidence direction is the same direction as the blowing direction (abbreviated as downwind case, see blank area on the right side of the working area 12 of fig. 1), and the other case is that the laser incidence direction is opposite to the blowing direction (abbreviated as upwind case, see hatched area on the left side of the working area 12 of fig. 1). If the laser is in downwind condition, the incident direction of the laser is the same as the blowing direction, the smoke dust and splashes are easily blown away by wind, the dust flying upwards is less, and the pollution to the laser window mirror at the top of the forming cavity is small; if the laser is in the upwind condition, the incident direction of the laser is opposite to the blowing direction, and under the same wind speed, the smoke dust and splashes are not easy to be blown away by wind, and more smoke dust drifts upwards, so that the laser window mirror at the top of the forming cavity is more polluted. Therefore, when the optical mechanism 11 is installed right above the working area 12 (see fig. 1), in any area on the laser sintering printing format, it cannot be guaranteed that all areas of the working area 12 are downwind, so that smoke dust and splashes are not thoroughly blown by wind, the smoke dust drifting upwards is more, and the pollution to a window mirror at the top of the forming cavity is large, so that the sintering quality of the printed product cannot be guaranteed.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the utility model provides an optical device of metal additive manufacturing equipment and additive manufacturing equipment, wherein the optical device of the metal additive manufacturing equipment ensures that the laser incidence direction and the blowing direction are in the same direction (i.e. downwind condition) when any region on a printing breadth is sintered, so that a cleaner sintering environment can be obtained, and a printed product can obtain better sintering quality.

In order to achieve the above object, the present utility model provides an optical device of a metal additive manufacturing apparatus, where the additive manufacturing apparatus includes a blowing component and an air suction component respectively disposed on two sides of a printing format, and the optical device includes a laser and a galvanometer system, where the laser and the galvanometer system are disposed obliquely above the printing format and near the blowing component, and when deflection angles of galvanometers of an X-scan galvanometer and a Y-scan galvanometer of the galvanometer system are both 0 °, a center point of an incident laser is located at a midpoint position of a boundary line of the printing format near the blowing component, so that when the laser is in any area on the sintering printing format, a center line of a laser beam incident on the printing format is in the same direction as a blowing direction.

As a further preferred embodiment of the utility model, the centre line of the laser beam incident on the printing web makes an angle θ 'with the vertical line of the printing web, which angle θ' ranges from 25 ° to 65 °.

As a further preferable mode of the utility model, the vertical height of the light source center point of the optical device from the printing breadth is H, the horizontal distance of the projection point of the light source center point on the printing breadth from the boundary line of the printing breadth near the blowing component is a, H > 0, a > 0, tan θ' =a/H.

As a further preferable mode of the present utility model, the number of the lasers is one or more.

As a further preferable aspect of the present utility model, the number of the galvanometer systems is at least one.

As a further preferable aspect of the present utility model, the air blowing assembly includes at least one air blowing port, and when the number of air blowing ports is two or more, all air blowing ports are uniformly disposed at one side of the printing web.

As a further preferable scheme of the utility model, the air suction assembly comprises at least one air suction port, and when the number of the air suction ports is two or more, all the air suction ports are uniformly arranged on the other side of the printing breadth.

The utility model also provides metal additive manufacturing equipment, which comprises an air suction assembly, an air blowing assembly and an optical device of the metal additive manufacturing equipment.

As a further preferred aspect of the present utility model, the metal additive manufacturing apparatus further includes a scanning control system to make the laser scanning advancing direction opposite to the blowing direction.

The optical device comprises a laser and a vibrating mirror system, wherein the laser and the vibrating mirror system are arranged obliquely above a printing breadth and close to a blowing component, when the vibrating mirror deflection angles of an X scanning vibrating mirror and a Y scanning vibrating mirror of the vibrating mirror system are 0 DEG, the incident laser center point is positioned at the midpoint of a boundary line of the printing breadth, which is close to the blowing component, so that when laser is in any area on the sintering printing breadth, the center line of a laser beam of the incident printing breadth is in the same direction as the blowing direction, and when the metal additive manufacturing device is in any area on the sintering printing breadth, the incident laser direction and the blowing direction are in the same direction (i.e. downwind condition), thus a cleaner sintering environment can be obtained, and a printed product can obtain better sintering quality.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a prior art metal additive manufacturing apparatus;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the residue distribution during laser sintering;

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the residue distribution during laser sintering;

FIG. 4 is a third schematic diagram of residue distribution during laser sintering;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an optical device of a metal additive manufacturing apparatus according to the present utility model.

The components in the figures are labeled as follows:

11. the device comprises an optical mechanism, 12, a working area, 13, a blowing device, 14, an air suction device, 1, an optical device, 2, a printing breadth, 3, a blowing component, 4, an air suction component, 5, metal steam, 6, powder splashing, 7, powder, 8, a sintered area, 9, a molten pool, 10, molten drop splashing, 11, smoke dust, A and a laser scanning advancing direction.

Detailed Description

In order to better understand and implement the technical solutions of the present utility model, the following description will be made in detail with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments of the present utility model.

In order to ensure the quality of sintered products, the laser scanning advancing direction A is opposite to the blowing wind direction during laser sintering, as shown in fig. 2-4, the laser scanning advancing direction A is opposite to the blowing wind direction, so that the blowing component 3 can be ensured to blow smoke dust 11 and splashes formed in the sintering process to the sintered surface and then to be sucked into the air suction component 4, and the area to be sintered can be kept in a clean state all the time.

However, during laser sintering of the metal additive manufacturing apparatus, the laser interacts with the metal powder 7, which may generate soot 11 and splashes (see fig. 2-4). The temperature of the molten pool 9 generated by absorbing laser energy by the metal powder 7 exceeds the boiling temperature of the powder 7 material, strong convection and steam recoil force can be formed on the surface of the molten pool 9, gasified metal can be sprayed out of the molten pool 9, metal steam 5 can gradually condense to form black smoke dust 11, if the smoke dust 11 is not thoroughly absorbed by the air suction component 4, the smoke dust 11 particles can even reach a laser window mirror at the top of the forming cavity, the smoke dust 11 interacts with laser, the smoke dust 11 can cause refraction of laser beams and can absorb the energy of the laser beams, so that the laser power reaching the surface of a powder bed is reduced and the shape of the laser beams is distorted; the liquid metal flows from the high temperature area at the bottom of the pit to the low temperature area at the side wall under the action of marangoni force (see the arrow in the molten pool 9 in fig. 2-4), meanwhile, the liquid metal with low viscosity splashes to form a metal jet under the action of the counter-stamping force of the metal vapor 5, the metal jet is decomposed into smaller liquid under the action of surface tension to form molten drop splashes 10, the molten drop splashes 10 are mainly distributed above the rear end of the molten pool 9, and the metal powder 7 at the front end of the molten pool 9 forms a metal powder splash 6 in the sintered area 8 under the action of shock waves (the front end of the molten pool 9 refers to the end consistent with the laser scanning advancing direction A, and the rear end of the molten pool 9 refers to the end opposite to the laser scanning advancing direction A). For example, when the laser sinters perpendicular to the print web 2 (as shown in fig. 2), a certain amount of powder splashes 6 and fumes 11 opposite to the blowing direction appear at the front end of the bath 9, and a certain amount of droplet splashes 10 and fumes 11 same as the blowing direction appear at the rear end of the bath 9. When the incidence direction of the laser is opposite to the blowing direction, namely, the upwind condition (shown in fig. 3), more powder splashes 6 and smoke dust 11 opposite to the blowing wind direction appear at the front end of the molten pool 9, fewer molten drops splashes 10 and smoke dust 11 same as the blowing wind direction appear at the rear end of the molten pool 9, and more powder splashes 6 and smoke dust 11 opposite to the blowing wind direction are not easy to be thoroughly blown away by wind. When the laser incidence direction is the same direction as the blowing direction, namely downwind condition (as shown in fig. 4), less powder splashes 6 and smoke dust 11 opposite to the blowing direction appear at the front end of the molten pool 9, more molten drop splashes 10 and smoke dust 11 opposite to the blowing direction appear at the rear end of the molten pool 9, and less powder splashes 6 and smoke dust 11 opposite to the blowing direction are easier to thoroughly blow away by wind, although more molten drop splashes 10 and smoke dust 11 opposite to the blowing direction are more, because the molten drop splashes are easier to be carried away by wind due to the same blowing direction. In summary, the downwind condition can generate less powder splashes 6 and smoke dust 11 in the direction opposite to the blowing wind direction, although the molten drop splashes 10 and smoke dust 11 in the same direction as the blowing wind direction become more, the molten drop splashes 10 and smoke dust 11 are more easily carried away by the wind in the same direction as the blowing wind direction, and cleaner sintering environment can be obtained in the downwind condition than in other conditions, so that the printed product can obtain better sintering quality.

The current optical mechanism 11 is generally installed directly above the working area 12 (see fig. 1), and the laser beam cannot ensure that all areas of the working area 12 are downwind when firing any area on the printing web.

In order to solve the technical problem, the utility model provides an optical device 1 of metal additive manufacturing equipment, the additive manufacturing equipment comprises a blowing component 3 and an air suction component 4 which are respectively arranged at two sides of a printing breadth 2, wherein the optical device 1 comprises a laser and a galvanometer system, the laser and the galvanometer system are arranged at the obliquely upper part of the printing breadth 2 and are close to the blowing component 3, and when the galvanometer deflection angles of an X scanning galvanometer and a Y scanning galvanometer of the galvanometer system are 0 DEG, the incident laser center point is positioned at the midpoint position of a boundary line of the printing breadth 2, which is close to the blowing component 3, so that when laser is in any area on the sintering printing breadth, the center line of the laser beam incident to the printing breadth 2 is in the same direction as the blowing direction. Preferably, the centre line of the laser beam incident on the printing web 2 makes an angle θ 'with the vertical of the printing web 2, which angle θ' ranges from 25 ° to 65 °.

The above-described co-directional of the present application includes the following two cases:

first case: the central line of the laser beam incident on the printing breadth 2 is parallel to the blowing direction and has the same direction;

second case: when the center line of the laser beam incident on the printing web 2 is not parallel to the blowing direction but in the same direction, if the decomposition vector of the center line of the laser beam incident on the printing web 2 in the blowing direction is parallel to the blowing direction and in the same direction, it is indicated that the center line of the laser beam incident on the printing web 2 is in the same direction as the blowing direction.

Further preferably, the vertical height of the light source center point of the optical device 1 from the printing format 2 is H, the horizontal distance of the light source center point from the boundary line of the printing format 2 near the blowing component 3 at the projection point of the printing format 2 is a, H > 0, a > 0, tan θ' =a/H, so that the laser light emitted through the optical device 1 can be better focused on the printing format 2.

In specific implementation, the number of the lasers is one or more than one; the number of the vibrating mirror systems is at least one. The laser and galvanometer system may be selected individually or in multiple, depending on, for example, the size of the print web 2 and the printing efficiency requirements.

In a specific embodiment, according to the size of the printing web 2 and the requirement of the wind speed, the air blowing assembly 3 includes at least one air blowing opening (for example, one or more air blowing openings), and when the number of air blowing openings is two or more, all air blowing openings are uniformly arranged on one side of the printing web 2; similarly, the suction assembly 4 includes at least one suction opening (e.g. one or more), and when the number of suction openings is two or more, all suction openings are uniformly disposed on the other side of the printing web 2.

In order to enable a person skilled in the art to better understand and implement the solution according to the utility model, the solution according to the utility model is described in detail below in the form of examples and with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Example 1

The optical device of the metal additive manufacturing apparatus shown in fig. 5 is disposed obliquely above the printing format 2 and near the blowing component 3, that is, the optical device of the metal selective laser sintering apparatus in the prior art is rotated by 45 ° counterclockwise around the Y axis, when the deflection angles of the X scanning galvanometer and the Y scanning galvanometer of the galvanometer system are both 0 °, the center line of the incident laser beam forms an angle θ 'with the vertical line of the printing format 2, and at this time, the angle θ' is 45 °, because tan45 ° =1=a/H; when the vertical height H of the light source center point of the optical device 1 from the printing format 2 is 500mm, the horizontal distance a of the light source center point at the projection point of the printing format 2 from the leftmost side of the printing format 2 is 500mm. At this time, the deflection angle of the X-scan galvanometer is 0 ° to 22 °, and the deflection angle of the Y-scan galvanometer is ±22°, so that when sintering any region on the printing format 2, the incident direction of the laser and the blowing direction are the same direction, that is, the downwind condition, as described above, less powder splashes 6 and smoke dust 11 opposite to the blowing direction appear at the front end of the molten pool 9, more molten drop splashes 10 and smoke dust 11 opposite to the blowing direction appear at the rear end of the molten pool 9, less powder splashes 6 and smoke dust 11 opposite to the blowing direction are easier to be thoroughly blown away by wind, although more molten drop splashes 10 and smoke dust 11 opposite to the blowing direction are more, because they are the same as the blowing direction, more easy to be carried away by wind. In this way, a cleaner sintering environment can be obtained in the sintering process, and the printed product can obtain better sintering quality.

The utility model also provides metal additive manufacturing equipment, which comprises an air suction component 4, an air blowing component 3 and an optical device of the metal additive manufacturing equipment. It is noted herein that the present utility model is not fully described with respect to other components included in a metal additive manufacturing apparatus.

Preferably, the metal additive manufacturing apparatus further comprises a scanning control system to make the laser scanning advancing direction a opposite to the blowing direction. This further ensures that the blowing assembly 3 blows the soot 11 and splashes formed during sintering towards the sintered surface and is then sucked into the suction assembly 4, whereby the area to be sintered can be further kept clean at all times.

The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present utility model, and the protection scope of the present utility model is not limited to the above embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the concept of the present utility model should belong to the protection scope of the present utility model. It should be noted that several modifications and adaptations without departing from the principles of the present utility model are intended to be within the scope of the present utility model.

Claims (9)

1. The utility model provides an optical device of metal vibration material plate manufacturing equipment, vibration material plate manufacturing equipment is including setting up in the subassembly of blowing and the subassembly that induced drafts of printing the breadth both sides respectively, its characterized in that, this optical device includes laser instrument and galvanometer system, laser instrument and galvanometer system set up in the oblique top of printing the breadth and near the subassembly of blowing, and when the galvanometer deflection angle of X scanning galvanometer and Y scanning galvanometer of galvanometer system all is 0, the midpoint position of the boundary line that is close to the subassembly of blowing of incident laser center point in printing the breadth to when making laser in the arbitrary region on the sintering printing breadth, the central line of the laser beam of incident printing the breadth is the same with the direction of blowing.

2. An optical device of a metal additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the centre line of the laser beam incident on the printing web makes an angle θ 'with the vertical of the printing web, the angle θ' being in the range 25 ° to 65 °.

3. Optical device of a metal additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the vertical height of the optical device from the printing format of the light source center point is H, the horizontal distance of the light source center point from the boundary line of the printing format near the blowing assembly at the projection point of the printing format is a, and H > 0, a > 0, tan θ' =a/H.

4. The optical device of a metal additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the number of lasers is one or more.

5. The optical device of a metal additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the number of galvanometer systems is at least one.

6. The optical device of a metal additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the blowing assembly comprises at least one blowing port, and when the number of blowing ports is two or more, all blowing ports are uniformly arranged at one side of the printing web.

7. The optical device of metal additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the suction assembly comprises at least one suction opening, and when the number of suction openings is two or more, all suction openings are uniformly arranged on the other side of the printing format.

8. A metal additive manufacturing apparatus comprising a suction assembly, a blowing assembly, and an optical device of the metal additive manufacturing apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. The metal additive manufacturing apparatus of claim 8, further comprising a scan control system to reverse a laser scan advance direction to a blowing direction.