CN219436657U - Intrinsic safety type lithium battery protection circuit - Google Patents
Intrinsic safety type lithium battery protection circuit Download PDFInfo
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- CN219436657U CN219436657U CN202222593026.4U CN202222593026U CN219436657U CN 219436657 U CN219436657 U CN 219436657U CN 202222593026 U CN202222593026 U CN 202222593026U CN 219436657 U CN219436657 U CN 219436657U
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The utility model provides an intrinsic safety type lithium battery protection circuit, which relates to the field of battery protection and comprises the following components: the lithium battery and the protection module are integrated in the lithium battery, the anode and the cathode of the battery core of the lithium battery are electrically connected with the protection module, and the output pin of the protection module is the external output of the packaged lithium battery and is used for supplying power to an external load; the protection module includes: the device comprises a control unit, a monitoring unit and a switch unit; the control unit is electrically connected with the switch unit and the monitoring unit, and when the voltage exceeds the voltage monitored by the monitoring unit, the control unit controls the switch unit to be closed to turn off the battery input. According to the utility model, a reliable circuit is designed in the lithium battery, when an extreme condition occurs, the power supply of the anode and the cathode of the battery can be cut off in a short time, and the energy generated in the moment of short circuit is controlled below the explosion threshold of the combustible gas, so that the overall safety is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the field of battery protection, in particular to an intrinsic safety type lithium battery protection circuit.
Background
In petroleum and petrochemical, coal mine and other environments, the environment is filled with combustible gases such as methane, hydrogen, acetylene and the like, so that the safety requirement on equipment is very high in the environment. The equipment is generally required to meet the requirements of intrinsic safety or explosion suppression. For intrinsically safe devices, explosion protection is achieved by limiting the energy of the circuit. In such an electrical apparatus, even if electrical discharge and thermal effects caused by faults such as short-circuiting, opening, breakdown of insulators, etc. occur in the circuit, ignition of the explosive gas-air mixture cannot be caused. In national standard GB3836.4< explosive environment part 4: the provision of an intrinsically safe "i" protected device: in the case of intrinsically safe electrical devices and associated devices of electrical circuits, the semiconductor device should be able to withstand the transient energy that may occur in the circuit.
Chinese utility model patent name: lithium battery charging safety protection circuit, patent number: CN211684667U discloses a lithium battery charging safety protection circuit, including lithium battery and protection circuit, protection circuit's input passes through the output of charging interface connection charging circuit, protection circuit's output and lithium battery electric connection, protection circuit includes voltage detection circuit, a processor, temperature detection circuit and switch circuit, voltage detection circuit detects the voltage value of lithium battery, temperature detection circuit detects the temperature value of lithium battery, send the treater respectively, switch circuit's input and the output and the electric connection of charging interface, its output passes through output interface and lithium battery's input electric connection, processor and switch circuit's control end electric connection. The utility model detects the voltage and temperature of the battery in real time in the charging process, and when the battery fails in the charging process, the charging loop can be cut off, so that the charging safety of the battery is ensured. It is easy to know from common knowledge that when short circuit occurs in the battery charging process, the current increases exponentially, and accidents such as explosion and ignition are extremely easy to be caused, so that personal safety and property safety are endangered. This patent aim at solves charger can not monitor battery voltage and temperature condition in the charging process, when battery charging process breaks down for cut off the charging circuit, further guarantee the safety problem that charges. If the battery is charged in the flammable gas environment and faults such as short circuit occur, the energy generated in the short circuit moment cannot be controlled below the flammable gas explosion threshold in a shorter time.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the utility model provides an intrinsic safety type lithium battery protection circuit, wherein a reliable circuit is designed in the lithium battery, when an extreme condition occurs, the power supply of the anode and the cathode of the battery can be cut off in a short time, and the energy generated in the moment of short circuit is controlled below the explosion threshold of combustible gas, so that the overall safety is ensured.
The utility model adopts the technical scheme that:
an intrinsically safe lithium battery protection circuit comprising: the lithium battery and the protection module are integrated in the lithium battery, the anode and the cathode of the battery core of the lithium battery are electrically connected with the protection module, and the output pin of the protection module is the external output of the packaged lithium battery and is used for supplying power to an external load; the protection module includes: the device comprises a control unit, a monitoring unit and a switch unit; the control unit is electrically connected with the switch unit and the monitoring unit, and when the voltage exceeds the voltage monitored by the monitoring unit, the control unit controls the switch unit to be closed to turn off the battery input; when the over-current charging is generated, the V-pin is smaller than the threshold voltage of the over-current monitoring, the switch unit is turned off, and the battery input is turned off; at the time of discharging, the switching unit is turned off when the voltage is less than the overdischarge threshold voltage.
The beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows: the lithium battery is internally integrated with the protection circuit, so that the lithium battery is high in integration level and small in occupied space; the utility model controls the opening and closing of the switch unit by monitoring the voltage change, shortens the reaction time, reduces the energy generated in the moment of short circuit to a certain extent, and improves the safety.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a protection circuit of the present utility model;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a first control chip and a second control chip according to the present utility model;
fig. 3 illustrates a current change process when a short circuit occurs during the charging process of the lithium battery.
Detailed Description
The utility model is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings: in order to clearly illustrate the technical features of the present solution, the present utility model will be described in detail below with reference to the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings. The following disclosure provides many different embodiments, or examples, for implementing different structures of the utility model. In order to simplify the present disclosure, components and arrangements of specific examples are described below. Furthermore, the present utility model may repeat reference numerals and/or letters in the various examples. This repetition is for the purpose of simplicity and clarity and does not in itself dictate a relationship between the various embodiments and/or configurations discussed. It should be noted that the components illustrated in the figures are not necessarily drawn to scale. Descriptions of well-known components and processing techniques and processes are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the present utility model.
An intrinsically safe lithium battery protection circuit comprising: the lithium battery and the protection module are integrated in the lithium battery, the anode and the cathode of the battery core of the lithium battery are electrically connected with the protection module, and the output pin of the protection module is the external output of the packaged lithium battery and is used for supplying power to an external load; the protection module includes: the device comprises a control unit, a monitoring unit and a switch unit; the control unit is electrically connected with the switch unit and the monitoring unit, and when the voltage exceeds the voltage monitored by the monitoring unit, the control unit controls the switch unit to be closed to turn off the battery input; when the over-current charging is generated, the V-pin is smaller than the threshold voltage of the over-current monitoring, the switch unit is turned off, and the battery input is turned off; at the time of discharging, the switching unit is turned off when the voltage is less than the overdischarge threshold voltage. The control unit includes: a first control chip and a second control chip; the switch unit includes: the switching chip I, the switching chip II and the switching chip III.
In the embodiment of the utility model, a first control chip U1 and a second control chip U2 adopt LTC4211MS; the monitoring unit U3 adopts an R5402N101KD single lithium battery protection chip; the first switch chip D1 and the second switch chip D2 adopt AO8814 array MOSFET transistors, the internal resistance of the transistors is only 20mΩ, and if the internal resistance of the part is relatively large, the internal resistance of the battery pack is increased, and the performance of the lithium battery is affected; the three switch chips D3 adopt AO8810 as the separated semiconductor chips.
As shown in FIG. 2, the first U1 and the second U2 of the control chip adopt LTC4211MS, the 1 st pin is a reset pin of the chip, the 2 nd pin is an enable pin of the chip, the default is high, and the 6 th pin is feedback detection of voltage; the FAULT pin is a state detection pin, defaults to high, and goes low when short protection occurs externally. The specific working principle is as follows: short circuit occurs outside; the Sense pin detects voltage abnormality, controls gate to pull down and the Fault pin to pull down; 3) After Gate is pulled down, the external MOS tube becomes cut-off filling; because the MOS is off, the external output voltage is close to 0. The FB pin detection voltage is 0; the whole chip is in a short-circuit protection state; when the external short circuit condition disappears, the circuit can automatically recover, and at this time, the ON and FAULT pins start to work; an automatic recovery circuit can be constructed by connecting ON and FAULT together and then pulling up a resistor to VCC. By generating a square wave of a certain period, the square wave is continuously input to the ON pin. When the external short circuit condition disappears, the ON pin can reset the whole chip again.
As shown in fig. 3, when the battery is short-circuited, the shorter the cut-off time (the smaller the time difference between t1 and t 2), the smaller the area of the shadow, thereby achieving the requirements of the intrinsic safety authentication standard. The detection resistor R3 is arranged between the SENSE pin and the VCC pin of the first U1 control chip and the second U2 control chip, the 7 th GATE pin is controlled by detecting the voltage change on the resistor R3 to realize the connection and the closing of the external mos tube, the control time is about 8us, the time difference between t1 and t2 is greatly shortened, the reaction time is shorter, the control of the explosion threshold of combustible gas is facilitated, and the safety in the charging process of the lithium battery is further ensured.
The monitoring unit of the utility model adopts a single lithium ion protection chip of the light management microelectronics, and realizes the functions of overcharge, overdischarge, overcurrent protection and the like. The load short-circuit protection circuit is also arranged in the battery, so that large load current and charging are prevented; the function implementation mode is as follows:
and (3) overcharge protection: and the Vdd pin of the monitoring unit continuously monitors the voltage in the charging process of the lithium battery, and when the voltage exceeds the voltage monitored by overcharging, the Cout pin is set to be low level, so that the switch chip III is controlled to be closed, and the battery input is turned off.
And (3) charging overcurrent monitoring: the V-pin of the monitoring unit is used to monitor the voltage during charging and discharging. When the over-current charging is generated, the voltage monitored by the V-pin is smaller than the threshold voltage monitored by the over-current, and the Cout pin outputs a low level so as to control the switch chip III to be closed.
And (3) overdischarge protection: during discharging, the voltage of the 5 th pin VDD is monitored, and when the voltage is smaller than the overdischarge threshold voltage, dout outputs a low level so as to control the switch chip III to be turned off.
Short circuit protection: when the short circuit phenomenon occurs, the Cout pin monitoring voltage is lower than the short circuit monitoring voltage, and the Dout outputs a low level so as to control the switch chip III to be closed.
The voltage of the overcharge monitoring, the threshold voltage of the overcurrent monitoring, the threshold voltage of the overdischarge and the short-circuit monitoring voltage can be set to different thresholds according to different battery voltage values.
The utility model controls the opening and closing of the switch unit by monitoring the voltage change, shortens the reaction time and realizes the following principle: when a short circuit occurs, the current rises sharply and greatly increases over the normal current I, and when the current increases to a certain extent, the protection circuit of the lithium battery acts to start to turn off the current until the current is finally turned off, and the shadow area above the current I is the released energy. As can be seen from fig. 3, by reducing the time interval of t1 and t2, the energy value can be reduced.
In the embodiment of the utility model, the first control chip has the same function as the first switch chip, the second control chip has the same function as the second switch chip, and the double protection function is realized in the embodiment of the utility model. The first control module of the utility model is a controller for hot plug management.
As shown in FIG. 1, in the schematic diagram of the protection circuit of the utility model, B+B-is the positive and negative poles of the battery cell, P+P-is the external output of the battery, and can supply power for external loads; the NTC is a thermistor, and when the temperature across the resistor changes, the resistance of the thermistor circuit changes. The T-NTC pin is connected with a control circuit such as a CPU of an external device and the like for monitoring the temperature of the T-NTC pin, when the working temperature exceeds 50 ℃, the battery is overheated, and at the moment, the control circuit should actively alarm the temperature of the battery to be too high, and switch the external power supply of the battery, so that the safety of the battery is ensured.
The specific connection mode of each unit and each chip comprises the following steps:
the first control chip is connected in the following way: the FB pin of the first control chip is connected with the S2 pin of the switch unit through a resistor; the GATE pin of the first control chip is connected with the G1 pin and the G2 pin of the switch unit; the VCC pin of the first control chip is connected with the positive electrode of the battery cell; the FAULT pin of the first control chip is connected with the ON pin of the first control chip, and the FAULT pin of the first control chip is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply chip through a resistor; the RESET pin of the first control chip is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply through a resistor; the SENSE pin of the first control chip is connected with the D1/D2 pin of the switch unit; the ON pin of the first control chip is connected with the external output negative electrode of the lithium battery through a capacitor; the FILTER pin of the first control chip is connected with the negative electrode of the lithium battery to the external output through a capacitor; the TIMER pin of the first control chip is connected with the negative electrode of the lithium battery to-the-outside output through a capacitor; and a GND pin of the first control chip is connected with an external output negative electrode of the lithium battery.
The connection mode of the second control chip is as follows: the FB pin of the second control chip is connected with the S2 pin of the switch unit through a resistor; the GATE pin of the second control chip is connected with the G1 pin and the G2 pin of the switch unit; the VCC pin of the second control chip is connected with the positive electrode of the battery cell; the FAULT pin of the second control chip is connected with the ON pin of the second control chip, and the FAULT pin of the second control chip is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply chip through a resistor; the RESET pin of the second control chip is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply through a resistor; the SENSE pin of the second control chip is connected with the D1/D2 pin of the switch unit and the positive electrode of the lithium battery cell; the ON pin of the second control chip is connected with the external output negative electrode of the lithium battery through a capacitor; the FILTER pin of the second control chip is connected with the negative electrode of the lithium battery to the external output through a capacitor; the TIMER pin of the second control chip is connected with the negative electrode of the lithium battery to-the-outside output through a capacitor; and a GND pin of the second control chip is connected with an external output negative electrode of the lithium battery.
The connection mode of the monitoring unit is as follows: the V-pin of the monitoring unit is connected with the S1 pin of the switch unit through the resistor and then is connected with the negative output electrode of the lithium battery, and the Cout pin of the monitoring unit is connected with the G1 pin of the switch unit; the monitoring unit is used for monitoring the charging process of the lithium battery, and when the voltage exceeds the voltage monitored by overcharging, the control switch unit is closed to control the input of the lithium battery to be turned off.
The switch unit includes: a first switch chip, a second switch chip and a third switch chip; the concrete connection mode is as follows: the first D1/D2 pin of the first switch chip is connected with the positive electrode of the lithium battery cell through a resistor, and the other D1/D2 pin is connected with the first D1/D2 pin; the two S1 pins and the two S2 pins of the first switch chip are electrically connected and electrically connected with the D1/D2 pin of the second switch chip; the G1 pin and the G2 pin of the first switch chip are connected with the GATE pin of the first control chip after being linked, so that the first control chip controls the on-off of the first switch chip.
Two D1/D2 pins of the second switch chip are electrically connected; the two S1 pins and the two S2 pins of the switch chip II are electrically connected; and the G1 pin and the G2 pin of the second switch chip are connected with the GATE pin of the second control chip after being linked, so that the second control chip can control the on-off of the second switch chip.
Two D1/D2 pins of the switch chip III are electrically connected; the two S2 pins of the third switch chip are electrically connected and then connected with the negative electrode of the lithium battery cell; the two S1 of the third switch chip are connected with the negative electrode of the lithium battery for external output after being connected; the G2 pin of the third switch chip is connected with the Dout pin of the third control chip; the G1 pin of the third switch chip is connected with the Cout pin of the third control chip and is used for monitoring the charging process of the lithium battery, and when the voltage exceeds the voltage monitored by overcharging, the third switch chip is closed to turn off the input of the lithium battery; when the lithium battery is short-circuited, the voltage of the Cout pin of the third control chip is lower than the short-circuit monitoring voltage, and the third switch chip is controlled to be turned off.
The circuit path of the protection module is as follows: the current sequentially passes through the anode of the lithium battery cell, the first switch chip, the second switch chip, the anode of the lithium battery for external output, the external load, the cathode of the lithium battery for external output, the third switch chip and the cathode of the lithium battery cell.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical aspects of the present utility model and not for limiting the same, and although the present utility model has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the specific embodiments of the utility model without departing from the spirit and scope of the utility model, which is intended to be covered by the claims.
Claims (7)
1. An intrinsically safe lithium battery protection circuit, comprising: the lithium battery and the protection module are integrated in the lithium battery, the anode and the cathode of the battery core of the lithium battery are electrically connected with the protection module, and the output pin of the protection module is the external output of the packaged lithium battery and is used for supplying power to an external load; the protection module includes: the device comprises a control unit, a monitoring unit and a switch unit; the control unit is electrically connected with the switch unit and the monitoring unit, and when the voltage exceeds the voltage monitored by the monitoring unit, the control unit controls the switch unit to be closed to turn off the battery input; the control unit includes: the first control chip and the second control chip are used for controlling the on-off of the switch unit; the first control chip is connected in the following way: the FB pin of the first control chip is connected with the S2 pin of the switch unit through a resistor; the GATE pin of the first control chip is connected with the G1 pin and the G2 pin of the switch unit; the VCC pin of the first control chip is connected with the positive electrode of the battery cell; the FAULT pin of the first control chip is connected with the ON pin of the first control chip, and the FAULT pin of the first control chip is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply chip through a resistor; the RESET pin of the first control chip is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply through a resistor; the SENSE pin of the first control chip is connected with the D1/D2 pin of the switch unit; the ON pin of the first control chip is connected with the external output negative electrode of the lithium battery through a capacitor; the FILTER pin of the first control chip is connected with the negative electrode of the lithium battery to the external output through a capacitor; the TIMER pin of the first control chip is connected with the negative electrode of the lithium battery to-the-outside output through a capacitor; the GND pin of the first control chip is connected with the external output negative electrode of the lithium battery; the connection mode of the second control chip is as follows: the FB pin of the second control chip is connected with the S2 pin of the switch unit through a resistor; the GATE pin of the second control chip is connected with the G1 pin and the G2 pin of the switch unit; the VCC pin of the second control chip is connected with the positive electrode of the battery cell; the FAULT pin of the second control chip is connected with the ON pin of the second control chip, and the FAULT pin of the second control chip is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply chip through a resistor; the RESET pin of the second control chip is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply through a resistor; the SENSE pin of the second control chip is connected with the D1/D2 pin of the switch unit and the positive electrode of the lithium battery cell; the ON pin of the second control chip is connected with the external output negative electrode of the lithium battery through a capacitor; the FILTER pin of the second control chip is connected with the negative electrode of the lithium battery to the external output through a capacitor; the TIMER pin of the second control chip is connected with the negative electrode of the lithium battery to-the-outside output through a capacitor; and a GND pin of the second control chip is connected with an external output negative electrode of the lithium battery.
2. The intrinsically safe lithium battery protection circuit of claim 1, wherein the monitoring unit is coupled in the following manner: the Vdd pin of the monitoring unit is connected with the positive electrode of the lithium battery cell through a resistor, the Vss pin of the monitoring unit is connected with the negative electrode of the lithium battery cell, the Dout pin of the monitoring unit is connected with the G2 pin of the switch unit, and the V of the monitoring unit - The pin is connected with an S1 pin of the switch unit through a resistor and then is connected with an external output negative electrode of the lithium battery, and a Cout pin of the monitoring unit is connected with a G1 pin of the switch unit; the monitoring unit is used for monitoring the charging process of the lithium battery, and when the voltage exceeds the voltage monitored by overcharging, the control switch unit is closed to control the input of the lithium battery to be turned off.
3. The intrinsically-safe lithium battery protection circuit of claim 1, wherein the switching unit includes: a first switch chip, a second switch chip and a third switch chip; the concrete connection mode is as follows: the first D1/D2 pin of the first switch chip is connected with the positive electrode of the lithium battery cell through a resistor, and the other D1/D2 pin is connected with the first D1/D2 pin; the two S1 pins and the two S2 pins of the first switch chip are electrically connected and electrically connected with the D1/D2 pin of the second switch chip; the G1 pin and the G2 pin of the first switch chip are connected with the GATE pin of the first control chip after being linked, so that the first control chip controls the on-off of the first switch chip.
4. The intrinsically safe lithium battery protection circuit of claim 3, wherein the two D1/D2 pins of switch chip two are electrically connected; the two S1 pins and the two S2 pins of the switch chip II are electrically connected; and the G1 pin and the G2 pin of the second switch chip are connected with the GATE pin of the second control chip after being linked, so that the second control chip can control the on-off of the second switch chip.
5. The intrinsically safe lithium battery protection circuit of claim 3, wherein the two D1/D2 pins of switch chip three are electrically connected; the two S2 pins of the third switch chip are electrically connected and then connected with the negative electrode of the lithium battery cell; the two S1 of the third switch chip are connected with the negative electrode of the lithium battery for external output after being connected; the G2 pin of the third switch chip is connected with the Dout pin of the third control chip; the G1 pin of the third switch chip is connected with the Cout pin of the third control chip and is used for monitoring the charging process of the lithium battery, and when the voltage exceeds the voltage monitored by overcharging, the third switch chip is closed to turn off the input of the lithium battery; when the lithium battery is short-circuited, the voltage of the Cout pin of the third control chip is lower than the short-circuit monitoring voltage, and the third switch chip is controlled to be turned off.
6. The intrinsically safe lithium battery protection circuit of claim 1, wherein the circuit path of the protection module is: the current sequentially passes through the anode of the lithium battery cell, the first switch chip, the second switch chip, the anode of the lithium battery for external output, the external load, the cathode of the lithium battery for external output, the third switch chip and the cathode of the lithium battery cell.
7. The intrinsically-safe lithium battery protection circuit of claim 5, wherein the lithium battery charge over-current monitoring is configured to: v of the control chip III when the lithium battery is charged or discharged - The pin is used for monitoring voltage, and when overcurrent charge is generated, V - The pin is smaller than the threshold voltage of overcurrent monitoring, the Cout pin outputs low level, and the switch chip III is turned off.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202222593026.4U CN219436657U (en) | 2022-09-29 | 2022-09-29 | Intrinsic safety type lithium battery protection circuit |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202222593026.4U CN219436657U (en) | 2022-09-29 | 2022-09-29 | Intrinsic safety type lithium battery protection circuit |
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| CN219436657U true CN219436657U (en) | 2023-07-28 |
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| CN202222593026.4U Active CN219436657U (en) | 2022-09-29 | 2022-09-29 | Intrinsic safety type lithium battery protection circuit |
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