CN211018254U - Battery pack short-circuit protection circuit device - Google Patents
Battery pack short-circuit protection circuit device Download PDFInfo
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- CN211018254U CN211018254U CN201922375642.0U CN201922375642U CN211018254U CN 211018254 U CN211018254 U CN 211018254U CN 201922375642 U CN201922375642 U CN 201922375642U CN 211018254 U CN211018254 U CN 211018254U
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Abstract
The embodiment of the utility model discloses a short circuit protection circuit device of a battery pack, which comprises a battery pack, a current detection resistor, a discharge field effect transistor, a charge field effect transistor, a short circuit protection field effect transistor, a current limiting resistor, a control module and a charging unit; the battery pack, the current detection resistor, the discharge electric field effect tube, the charge field effect tube and the charge unit are sequentially connected in series, a short circuit field effect tube and a current limiting resistor are connected in parallel at two ends of the discharge field effect tube, the control module is respectively electrically connected with the current detection resistor, the discharge field effect tube, the charge field effect tube and the short circuit protection field effect tube, an enabling signal is output to enable the charge field effect tube to be closed and the short circuit protection field effect tube to be closed, the enabling signal is output to enable the discharge field effect tube to be closed within preset time, and the enabling signal is output to enable the discharge field effect tube to be turned off when the short circuit of a loop is. The short-circuit protection circuit is simple and reliable, low in cost, free of short-circuit protection frequency limitation, free of current and voltage class limitation and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the utility model provides a relate to group battery short-circuit protection technique, especially relate to a group battery short-circuit protection circuit device.
Background
Along with the progress of science and technology, the integration of equipment in various industries is higher and higher, the application of lithium battery packs is wider and wider, the lithium battery packs are mainly applied to various fields such as base station backup batteries, portable energy storage batteries and household energy storage, the battery application in different industries has safe operation and long-term reliability, serious faults and even thermal runaway cannot occur during working, the requirements of fire explosion and the like cannot occur, and particularly the lithium battery packs have strong requirements on short-circuit protection.
The short-circuit protection circuit is an important component in protecting the short circuit of the lithium battery. In the prior art, when an external circuit is short-circuited, the withstand voltage of a discharge field effect transistor connected in series in a lithium battery short-circuit protection circuit is improved, so that the cost is greatly increased, and the thermal management design of a battery pack is not facilitated; in addition, although the discharge field effect transistor is connected in parallel with the transient diode, the absorption capacity and the protection frequency of the discharge field effect transistor are limited, the cost is increased, and the short-circuit protection function cannot be realized completely and reliably.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
An embodiment of the utility model provides a battery short-circuit protection circuit's device to realize that short-circuit protection circuit is simple reliable, the cost is lower, does not have effects such as short-circuit protection number of times restriction.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a battery short-circuit protection circuit device, which includes a battery, a current detection resistor, a discharge field effect transistor, a charge field effect transistor, a short-circuit protection field effect transistor, a current limiting resistor, a control module, and a charging unit.
The positive electrode of the battery pack is connected with the input end of the charging unit; the negative electrode of the battery pack is connected with the first end of the current detection resistor, the second end of the current detection resistor is respectively connected with the drain of the discharge field effect transistor and the drain of the short-circuit protection field effect transistor, the source of the short-circuit protection field effect transistor is connected with the first end of the current limiting resistor, the source of the discharge field effect transistor and the second end of the current limiting resistor are respectively connected with the drain of the charge field effect transistor, and the source of the charge field effect transistor is connected with the output end of the charging unit.
The first input end of the control module is connected with the second end of the current detection resistor, the control module comprises a first enabling end, a second enabling end and a third enabling end, the first enabling end is electrically connected with a grid of the discharge field effect transistor, the second enabling end is electrically connected with a grid of the charge field effect transistor, and the third enabling end is electrically connected with a grid of the short-circuit protection field effect transistor.
The control module is used for outputting a second enabling signal to close the charging field effect transistor, outputting a third enabling signal to close the short-circuit protection field effect transistor, outputting a first enabling signal to the discharging field effect transistor within a preset time to close the discharging field effect transistor, and outputting a first enabling signal to turn off the discharging field effect transistor when the short circuit of the loop is detected through the current detection resistor.
Optionally, the control module is further configured to output a third enable signal within a preset delay time after the discharging fet is turned off, so as to turn off the short-circuit protection fet.
Optionally, the control module includes a comparator and a control unit; the first input end of the comparator is electrically connected with the reference voltage end, the second input end of the comparator is electrically connected with the second end of the current detection resistor, and the output end of the comparator is electrically connected with the control unit and used for comparing the output voltage of the second end of the current detection resistor with the reference voltage and outputting the comparison result to the control unit; and the control unit is used for controlling the switching-off and the switching-on of the discharge field effect transistor according to the comparison result.
Optionally, the charging unit includes a load and a battery pack charging power supply, an input end of the load and an input end of the battery pack charging power supply are respectively connected to the positive electrode of the battery pack, and an output end of the load and an output end of the battery pack charging power supply are respectively connected to the source stage of the charging field effect transistor.
Optionally, the current limiting resistor is a thermal sensitive semiconductor resistor.
Optionally, the discharge field effect transistor, the charge field effect transistor and the short-circuit protection field effect transistor are all P-type field effect transistors.
Optionally, the battery pack is formed by connecting a plurality of battery cells in series.
In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a battery short-circuit protection circuit method, which is applicable to a battery short-circuit protection circuit device, where the battery short-circuit protection circuit device includes a battery, a current detection resistor, a discharge field-effect transistor, a charge field-effect transistor, a short-circuit protection field-effect transistor, a current limiting resistor, a charging unit, and a control module;
the positive electrode of the battery pack is connected with the input end of the charging unit; the negative electrode of the battery pack is connected with the first end of the current detection resistor, the second end of the current detection resistor is respectively connected with the drain of the discharge field effect transistor and the drain of the short-circuit protection field effect transistor, the source of the short-circuit protection field effect transistor is connected with the first end of the current limiting resistor, the source of the discharge field effect transistor and the second end of the current limiting resistor are respectively connected with the drain of the charge field effect transistor, and the source of the charge field effect transistor is connected with the output end of the charging unit.
The first input end of the control module is connected with the second end of the current detection resistor, the control module comprises a first enabling end, a second enabling end and a third enabling end, the first enabling end is electrically connected with a grid of the discharge field effect transistor, the second enabling end is electrically connected with a grid of the charge field effect transistor, and the third enabling end is electrically connected with a grid of the short-circuit protection field effect transistor.
The battery pack short-circuit protection circuit method comprises the following steps:
after power-on, outputting a second enabling signal to close the charging field effect transistor, outputting a third enabling signal to close the short-circuit protection field effect transistor, and outputting a first enabling signal within a preset time to close the short-circuit protection field effect transistor,
when the short circuit of the loop is detected through the current detection resistor, a first enabling signal is output to enable the discharging field effect transistor to be turned off.
Optionally, when the short circuit of the loop is detected by the current detection resistor, after outputting a first enable signal to turn off the discharge field effect transistor, the method further includes:
and outputting a third enabling signal within a preset time delay time to turn off the short-circuit protection field effect transistor.
Optionally, after power-on, performing initialization configuration and self-checking.
The embodiment of the utility model discloses a short circuit protection circuit device of a battery pack, which comprises a battery pack, a current detection resistor, a discharge field effect transistor, a charge field effect transistor, a short circuit protection field effect transistor, a current limiting resistor, a control module and a charging unit; the battery pack, the current detection resistor, the discharge electric field effect tube, the charge field effect tube and the charge unit are sequentially connected in series, a short circuit field effect tube and a current limiting resistor are connected in parallel at two ends of the discharge field effect tube, the control module is respectively electrically connected with the current detection resistor, the discharge field effect tube, the charge field effect tube and the short circuit protection field effect tube, an enabling signal is output to enable the charge field effect tube to be closed and the short circuit protection field effect tube to be closed, the enabling signal is output to enable the discharge field effect tube to be closed within preset time, and the enabling signal is output to enable the discharge field effect tube to be turned off when the short circuit of a loop is. The problems that in the prior art, short-circuit protection is realized through a transient diode, absorption capacity is limited, protection times are limited and the like are solved, and the effects that a short-circuit protection circuit is simple and reliable, low in cost, free of short-circuit protection times and the like are achieved. After the discharge field effect transistor is turned off, the charge field effect transistor and the short-circuit protection field effect transistor still work, and the induced voltage generated when the short circuit occurs is not directly applied to the discharge field effect transistor, so that the voltage-resistant grade of the field effect transistor is not limited.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a battery short-circuit protection circuit device according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a battery short-circuit protection circuit device according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a flowchart of a method for protecting a short circuit of a battery pack according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not limiting of the invention. It should be further noted that, for the convenience of description, only some of the structures related to the present invention are shown in the drawings, not all of the structures.
Example one
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a battery short-circuit protection circuit device provided in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the battery short-circuit protection circuit device includes a battery pack 10, a current detection resistor R1, a discharge field-effect transistor Q1, a charge field-effect transistor Q2, a short-circuit protection field-effect transistor Q3, a current limiting resistor R2, a control module 20, and a charging unit 30.
The positive electrode of the battery pack 10 is connected to the input terminal of the charging unit 30; the negative electrode of the battery pack 10 is connected with a first end of a current detection resistor R1, a second end of the current detection resistor R1 is respectively connected with a drain of a discharge field-effect tube Q1 and a drain of a short-circuit protection field-effect tube Q3, a source of the short-circuit protection field-effect tube Q3 is connected with a first end of a current limiting resistor R2, a source of the discharge field-effect tube Q1 and a second end of the current limiting resistor R2 are respectively connected with a drain of a charge field-effect tube Q2, and a source of a charge field-effect tube Q2 is connected with an output end of the charging unit 30.
The first input end of the control module 20 is connected to the second end of the current detection resistor R1, the control module 20 includes a first enable end, a second enable end and a third enable end, the first enable end is electrically connected to the gate of the discharging fet Q1, the second enable end is electrically connected to the gate of the charging fet Q2, and the third enable end is electrically connected to the gate of the short-circuit protection fet Q3.
The control module 30 is configured to output a second enable signal to close the charging fet Q2, output a third enable signal to close the short-circuit protection fet Q3, and output a first enable signal to the discharging fet Q1 within a preset time to close the discharging fet, and further output a first enable signal to turn off the discharging fet Q1 when a short circuit in the circuit is detected by the current detection resistor R1.
When voltage is applied between the positive and negative poles of the battery pack 10, the control module 20 outputs a second enable signal to close the charging fet Q2 to start working, and the control module 20 outputs a third enable signal to close the short-circuit protection fet Q3 to start working, when a short circuit occurs between the positive and negative poles, due to the current limiting function of the current limiting resistor R2, the control module 20 outputs a first enable signal to close the discharging fet Q1 to start working within a preset time, and illustratively, after a delay of 2S, the discharging fet Q1 is closed to start working. Because the impedance of the branch where the discharging field effect transistor Q1 is located is smaller than the impedance of the branch where the short-circuit protection field effect transistor Q3 is located, the branch where the short-circuit field effect transistor Q3 is located is bypassed, the current flowing through the discharging field effect transistor Q1 is increased, and when the current detection resistor R1 detects that the current value is larger, the current detection value is sent to the control module 20, and the control module 20 outputs a first enabling signal to enable the discharging field effect transistor Q1 to be turned off in time, so that the short-circuit protection circuit is played.
It should be noted that, in the present technical solution, the short-circuit protection fet Q3 and the current-limiting resistor R2 are connected in parallel to the two ends of the discharging fet Q1, and compared with the parallel transient diode in the prior art, because the absorption capacity and the protection frequency lifetime of the transient diode are limited, the discharging fet Q1 still has a possibility of failure, and it cannot well inhibit the induced voltage spike generated between the drain and the gate of the discharging fet Q1 after the discharging fet Q1 is turned off.
Example two
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a battery short-circuit protection circuit device according to a second embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, on the basis of the second embodiment, further optimization is performed, and optionally, the control module 20 is further configured to output a third enable signal within a preset time delay to turn off the short-circuit protection fet Q3 after turning off the discharging fet Q1.
Optionally, the control module 20 includes a comparator 21 and a control unit 22; a first input end of the comparator 21 is electrically connected with the reference voltage end 23, a second input end of the comparator 21 is electrically connected with a second end of the current detection resistor R1, and an output end of the comparator 21 is electrically connected with the control unit 22, and is used for comparing the output voltage of the second end of the current detection resistor R1 with the reference voltage and outputting the comparison result to the control unit 22; and the control unit 22 is used for controlling the turning-off and the turning-on of the discharging field effect transistor Q1 according to the comparison result.
The comparator 21 compares the output voltage of the current detection resistor R1 with a reference voltage, outputs the comparison result to the control unit 22, and when a short circuit occurs in the loop, and if the voltage of the output terminal of the current detection resistor R1 is greater than the reference voltage, outputs a signal to the control unit 22, and the control unit 22 controls the disconnection of the discharging field-effect transistor Q1; if the voltage at the output end of the detection resistor R1 is smaller than the reference voltage, the control unit 22 outputs a signal to control the discharging field effect transistor Q1 to normally work. Optionally, the reference voltage is between 10-30V.
Compared with the prior art without the parallel short-circuit protection field effect transistor Q3 and the current-limiting resistor R2, after the discharging field effect transistor Q1 is disconnected, the same battery pack induced electromotive force generated in the original loop is applied to the discharging field effect transistor Q1, and the applied voltage value is at least 2 times of the original battery pack voltage, so that the withstand voltage of the discharging field effect transistor Q1 is improved, the cost of a battery pack short-circuit protection circuit device is directly increased, or the discharging field effect transistor Q1 in the loop is directly damaged. In the technical scheme, after a short circuit occurs between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery pack 10, the discharging field effect transistor Q1 is disconnected, the charging field effect transistor Q2 and the short-circuit protection field effect transistor Q3 still work, large current generated by the short circuit is limited in safe current, induced electromotive force cannot be applied to the discharging field effect transistor Q1, the control unit 22 outputs a third enabling signal within a delay preset time to turn off the short-circuit protection field effect transistor Q3, and after 1S delay, the short-circuit field effect transistor Q3 is disconnected exemplarily, so that the whole circuit of the battery pack is completely cut off and a circuit group is protected. The cost of the battery pack short-circuit protection circuit device is reduced, and the voltage and current bearing level of the discharging field effect transistor Q1 is not limited.
Optionally, with continued reference to fig. 2, the charging unit 30 includes a load R and a battery pack charging power supply 31, an input terminal of the load R and an input terminal of the battery pack charging power supply 31 are respectively connected to the positive electrode of the battery pack 10, and an output terminal of the load R and an output terminal of the battery pack charging power supply 31 are respectively connected to the source of the charging fet Q2.
Optionally, the current limiting resistor R2 is a thermistor.
The thermistor is a typical temperature-sensitive thermistor, and when a certain temperature (curie temperature) is exceeded, its resistance value increases stepwise with the increase of temperature, and when a short circuit occurs in the circuit, the current limiting resistor R2 limits a large current value between safety currents by changing the resistance value.
Optionally, the discharge field effect transistor, the charge field effect transistor and the short-circuit protection field effect transistor are all P-type field effect transistors.
Optionally, the battery pack is formed by connecting a plurality of battery cells in series.
The battery pack is formed by connecting a plurality of battery cells in series according to the requirement of the short-circuit protection circuit device, and the voltage grade of the battery pack can be 48V direct current.
The embodiment of the utility model provides a voltage and reference voltage comparison that the short circuit will examine the current resistance R1 output are detecting the return circuit through examining current resistance R1, output first enabling signal and give the control unit 22 so that discharge field effect transistor Q1 turn-offs the back, charge field effect transistor Q2 and short-circuit protection field effect transistor Q3 still work, the heavy current restriction that produces the short circuit is in safe electric current, can not apply the induced electromotive force who produces on discharge field effect transistor Q1, control unit 22 exports third enabling signal turn-offs short-circuit protection field effect transistor Q3 in the time delay is predetermine the time, thoroughly cut off the whole return circuit of group battery, short-circuit protection is reliable safe. The cost of the short-circuit protection circuit device of the battery pack is reduced, and the voltage and current bearing grade of the discharge field effect transistor is not limited.
EXAMPLE III
Fig. 3 is a flowchart of a battery short-circuit protection circuit method according to a third embodiment of the present invention, which is applicable to the battery short-circuit protection circuit device according to the first and second embodiments, and is configured as described in the foregoing embodiments, and will not be described here, where the battery short-circuit protection circuit method includes:
and S110, after power-on, performing initialization configuration and self-checking.
S120, outputting a second enabling signal to close the charging field effect transistor, outputting a third enabling signal to close the short-circuit protection field effect transistor, and outputting a first enabling signal to close the discharging field effect transistor within a preset time;
when a short circuit occurs in a loop, the battery pack short-circuit protection circuit device cannot cause damage to the battery pack due to current limiting of a current-limiting resistor, and outputs a first enabling signal within a delay preset time to enable a discharging field effect tube to be closed to start working.
And S130, outputting a first enabling signal to turn off the discharge field effect transistor when the short circuit of the loop is detected through the current detection resistor.
After the discharge field effect transistor is closed and starts working, because the impedance of the branch where the discharge field effect transistor is located is smaller than the impedance of the branch where the short-circuit protection field effect transistor is located, the branch where the short-circuit field effect transistor is located is bypassed, the current flowing through the discharge field effect transistor is increased, and when the current detection resistor detects that the current value is larger, the current value of the current detection is sent to the control module, and the control module outputs a first enabling signal to enable the discharge field effect transistor to be turned off in time, so that the short-circuit protection circuit is played.
S140 delays the preset time to output the third enable signal to turn off the short-circuit protection fet.
In the scheme, after short circuit occurs between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery pack, the discharge field effect tube is disconnected, the charge field effect tube and the short-circuit protection field effect tube still work, large current generated by short circuit is limited in safe current, generated induced electromotive force cannot be applied to the discharge field effect tube, the control module outputs a third enabling signal within a delay preset time to turn off the short-circuit protection field effect tube, exemplarily, after 1S delay, the short-circuit field effect tube is disconnected, the whole circuit of the battery pack is thoroughly cut off, and a circuit group is protected. The cost of the battery pack short-circuit protection circuit device is reduced, and the voltage and current bearing grade of the discharge field effect transistor is not limited.
The embodiment of the utility model discloses a short-circuit protection circuit method of battery pack, at first after the power-on of control module, carry out initialization configuration and after the self-checking is normal, output second enable signal so that the field effect transistor that charges closes, output third enable signal so that the short-circuit protection field effect transistor closes, and output first enable signal in the predetermined time so that the field effect transistor that discharges closes; and then when the short circuit of the loop is detected through the current detection resistor, a first enabling signal is output to turn off the discharge field effect transistor, the charge field effect transistor and the short-circuit protection field effect transistor still work, and a third enabling signal is output within a delay preset time to turn off the short-circuit protection field effect transistor due to the current limiting of the current limiting resistor, so that the problems that the discharge field effect transistor is damaged due to the fact that the induction voltage is directly applied to the discharge field effect transistor after the discharge field effect transistor is turned off in the prior art and the like are solved, and the problems that the service life and the frequency of short-circuit protection through a transient diode are limited in the prior art are also solved. The short-circuit protection circuit is simple and reliable, low in cost, free of short-circuit protection times and the like, and the voltage-resistant grade of the field effect transistor is not limited.
It should be noted that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and the technical principles applied. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described herein, but is capable of various obvious changes, rearrangements and substitutions as will now become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in greater detail with reference to the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and may include other equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A battery pack short-circuit protection circuit device is characterized by comprising a battery pack, a current detection resistor, a discharge field effect transistor, a charge field effect transistor, a short-circuit protection field effect transistor, a current limiting resistor, a control module and a charging unit;
the positive electrode of the battery pack is connected with the input end of the charging unit; the negative electrode of the battery pack is connected with the first end of the current detection resistor, the second end of the current detection resistor is respectively connected with the drain of the discharge field-effect tube and the drain of the short-circuit protection field-effect tube, the source of the short-circuit protection field-effect tube is connected with the first end of the current limiting resistor, the source of the discharge field-effect tube and the second end of the current limiting resistor are respectively connected with the drain of the charge field-effect tube, and the source of the charge field-effect tube is connected with the output end of the charging unit;
the first input end of the control module is connected with the second end of the current detection resistor, the control module comprises a first enabling end, a second enabling end and a third enabling end, the first enabling end is electrically connected with the grid of the discharge field effect transistor, the second enabling end is electrically connected with the grid of the charge field effect transistor, and the third enabling end is electrically connected with the grid of the short-circuit protection field effect transistor;
the control module is used for outputting a second enabling signal to close the charging field effect transistor, outputting a third enabling signal to close the short-circuit protection field effect transistor, outputting a first enabling signal to the discharging field effect transistor within a preset time to close the discharging field effect transistor, and outputting a first enabling signal to turn off the discharging field effect transistor when the short circuit of the loop is detected through the current detection resistor.
2. The battery short-circuit protection circuit device according to claim 1, wherein the control module is further configured to output a third enable signal within a preset delay time after the discharging fet is turned off to turn off the short-circuit protection fet.
3. The battery pack short-circuit protection circuit device according to claim 1, wherein the control module includes a comparator and a control unit; the first input end of the comparator is electrically connected with the reference voltage end, the second input end of the comparator is electrically connected with the second end of the current detection resistor, and the output end of the comparator is electrically connected with the control unit and used for comparing the output voltage of the second end of the current detection resistor with the reference voltage and outputting the comparison result to the control unit; and the control unit is used for controlling the switching-off and the switching-on of the discharge field effect transistor according to the comparison result.
4. The battery pack short-circuit protection circuit device according to claim 1, wherein the charging unit comprises a load and a battery pack charging power supply, an input terminal of the load and an input terminal of the battery pack charging power supply are respectively connected to the positive electrode of the battery pack, and an output terminal of the load and an output terminal of the battery pack charging power supply are respectively connected to the source stage of the charging fet.
5. The battery pack short-circuit protection circuit device according to claim 1, wherein the current limiting resistor is a thermistor.
6. The battery pack short-circuit protection circuit device according to claim 1, wherein the discharge fet, the charge fet, and the short-circuit protection fet are P-type fets.
7. The battery pack short-circuit protection circuit device according to claim 1, wherein the battery pack is formed by connecting a plurality of battery cells in series.
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| CN201922375642.0U CN211018254U (en) | 2019-12-26 | 2019-12-26 | Battery pack short-circuit protection circuit device |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112230077A (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2021-01-15 | 煤科集团沈阳研究院有限公司 | Short-circuit protection testing device and method for storage battery and battery pack for mining equipment |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112230077A (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2021-01-15 | 煤科集团沈阳研究院有限公司 | Short-circuit protection testing device and method for storage battery and battery pack for mining equipment |
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