CN219394439U - Direct current shunt box and photovoltaic power generation system - Google Patents
Direct current shunt box and photovoltaic power generation system Download PDFInfo
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- CN219394439U CN219394439U CN202320314764.2U CN202320314764U CN219394439U CN 219394439 U CN219394439 U CN 219394439U CN 202320314764 U CN202320314764 U CN 202320314764U CN 219394439 U CN219394439 U CN 219394439U
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Abstract
The application discloses direct current shunt box and photovoltaic power generation system, concretely relates to photovoltaic power generation's technical field. The direct current shunt box comprises a direct current inlet switch, a first copper bar, a second copper bar, each direct current cable and each MC4 terminal; the direct current input positive end is connected to the first copper bar through a direct current inlet switch; the direct current input negative terminal is connected to the second copper bar through a direct current inlet switch; the first ends of the direct current cables are respectively connected to the first copper bars and the second copper bars, and the number of the direct current cables connected to the first copper bars is equal to that of the direct current cables connected to the second copper bars; the first end of each dc cable is connected to the dc output via an MC4 terminal. The photovoltaic power generation system comprises the direct current shunt box. The direct current shunt box has the advantages of simple structure, high efficiency and high safety when the direct current shunt function is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, in particular to a direct current shunt box and a photovoltaic power generation system.
Background
The inverter is used as an important component of photovoltaic power generation, and has the main function of converting direct current emitted by the photovoltaic module into alternating current.
In the current photovoltaic power generation, a centralized inverter is mainly used, and the working principle of the centralized inverter is that direct current generated by the operation of a plurality of photovoltaic modules is converged and Maximum Power Peak Tracking (MPPT), and then direct-alternating current conversion and boosting are performed in a centralized way, so that grid-connected power generation is realized. The centralized inverter generally adopts a single-path MPPT, the single MPPT is provided with 2-12 groups of photovoltaic group strings, the power of each path of MPPT can reach 125-1000KW, the monomer capacity is generally above 500KW, and the centralized inverter has the advantages of high power and large capacity.
However, the centralized inverter has a small MPPT number, and cannot reduce the mismatch effect of the photovoltaic strings in the photovoltaic array area in complex terrain.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a direct current shunt case and photovoltaic power generation system, direct current shunt case is when realizing direct current shunt function, and simple structure, efficient and security are strong, and this technical scheme is as follows.
In one aspect, a dc shunt box is provided, the dc shunt box includes a dc inlet switch, a first copper bar, a second copper bar, each dc cable, and each MC4 terminal;
the direct current input positive end is connected to the first copper bar through a direct current inlet switch; the direct current input negative terminal is connected to the second copper bar through a direct current inlet switch;
the first ends of the direct current cables are respectively connected to the first copper bars and the second copper bars, and the number of the direct current cables connected to the first copper bars is equal to that of the direct current cables connected to the second copper bars;
the first end of each dc cable is connected to the dc output via an MC4 terminal.
In one possible implementation, the dc output terminals include a dc output positive terminal and a dc output negative terminal.
In one possible implementation, the dc cable connected to the first copper bar is connected to each dc output positive terminal through the MC4 terminal; the direct current cables connected with the second copper bars are connected to the direct current output negative terminals through MC4 terminals;
each direct current output positive end corresponds to each direct current output negative end one by one.
In one possible implementation, the dc shunt box further includes respective protection devices;
the first end of each DC cable is connected to the DC output end through a protection device and an MC4 terminal in sequence.
In one possible implementation manner, the dc shunt box further includes a first dc lightning protection device, a second dc lightning protection device, and a third dc lightning protection device;
the first end of the first direct current lightning protector is connected with the first copper bar; the first end of the second direct current lightning protector is connected with the second copper bar; the first end of the third direct current lightning protector is grounded;
the first direct current lightning arrester, the second direct current lightning arrester and the second end of the third direct current lightning arrester are connected.
In one possible implementation, the dc shunt box further includes a box housing.
In one possible implementation, the individual MC4 terminals are located on the box housing.
In one possible implementation, the positive dc input terminal, the negative dc input terminal, and the respective dc output terminals are located outside the housing;
the direct current inlet switch, the first copper bar and the second copper bar are positioned in the box body shell.
In yet another aspect, a photovoltaic power generation system is provided, the photovoltaic power generation system including each dc shunt box, the dc shunt box including a dc inlet switch, a first copper bar, a second copper bar, each dc cable, and each MC4 terminal;
the direct current input positive end is connected to the first copper bar through a direct current inlet switch; the direct current input negative terminal is connected to the second copper bar through a direct current inlet switch;
the first ends of the direct current cables are respectively connected to the first copper bars and the second copper bars, and the number of the direct current cables connected to the first copper bars is equal to that of the direct current cables connected to the second copper bars;
the first end of each direct current cable is connected to the direct current output end through one MC4 terminal;
the photovoltaic power generation system further comprises photovoltaic arrays, string inverters, an alternating current cabinet and a boosting box type inverter;
each photovoltaic array is connected to each group of serial inverters through each direct current shunt box;
each group of serial inverters is connected to an alternating current cabinet;
the ac cabinet is connected to a step-up box transformer.
The technical scheme that this application provided can include following beneficial effect:
the direct current shunt box comprises a direct current inlet switch, a first copper bar, a second copper bar, each direct current cable and each MC4 terminal; the direct current input positive end is connected to the first copper bar through a direct current inlet switch; the direct current input negative terminal is connected to the second copper bar through a direct current inlet switch; the first ends of the direct current cables are respectively connected to the first copper bars and the second copper bars, and the number of the direct current cables connected to the first copper bars is equal to that of the direct current cables connected to the second copper bars; the first end of each dc cable is connected to the dc output via an MC4 terminal. Through setting up first copper bar, second copper bar and each direct current cable and divide into multichannel undercurrent branch road with direct current input, collocation group's serial inverter has increased the road number of maximum tracking MPPT, can effectively promote the generated energy, improves installation effectiveness through setting up each MC4 terminal to because MC4 terminal can standardized production, consequently can reduce the trouble that the construction process arouses. Therefore, when the direct current shunt box realizes the direct current shunt function, the direct current shunt box has the advantages of simple structure, high efficiency and strong safety.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a structure of a dc shunt box according to an exemplary embodiment.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a photovoltaic power generation system according to an exemplary embodiment.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present application will be made apparent and fully in view of the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments of the utility model are shown. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue burden from the present disclosure, are within the scope of the present disclosure.
It should be understood that, in the embodiments of the present application, the "indication" may be a direct indication, an indirect indication, or an indication having an association relationship. For example, a indicates B, which may mean that a indicates B directly, e.g., B may be obtained by a; it may also indicate that a indicates B indirectly, e.g. a indicates C, B may be obtained by C; it may also be indicated that there is an association between a and B.
In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "corresponding" may indicate that there is a direct correspondence or an indirect correspondence between the two, or may indicate that there is an association between the two, or may indicate a relationship between the two and the indicated, configured, or the like.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a structure of a dc shunt box according to an exemplary embodiment. As shown in fig. 1, the dc shunt box includes a dc inlet switch, a first copper bar, a second copper bar, each dc cable, and each MC4 terminal;
the direct current input positive end is connected to the first copper bar through a direct current inlet switch; the direct current input negative terminal is connected to the second copper bar through a direct current inlet switch;
the first ends of the direct current cables are respectively connected to the first copper bars and the second copper bars, and the number of the direct current cables connected to the first copper bars is equal to that of the direct current cables connected to the second copper bars;
the first end of each dc cable is connected to the dc output via an MC4 terminal.
The existing photovoltaic power generation project has been carried out for many years, and the problems of increased faults, high operation and maintenance difficulty, long stock period and the like of the centralized inverter used in the early stage of the project gradually affect the power generation income, so that the centralized inverter needs to be modified.
The existing reconstruction method mainly uses a centralized inverter to replace fault equipment, so that the system change is reduced as much as possible. However, this solution has the following drawbacks: firstly, because the equipment of the centralized inverter has large volume, the centralized inverter needs to have certain installation conditions; secondly, because the MPPT number of the centralized inverter is small, mismatch influence of strings in the photovoltaic array area cannot be reduced in complex terrains; thirdly, when the centralized inverter fails, the influence range of the failure is large, and meanwhile, the operation and maintenance difficulty of the centralized inverter is large, the maintenance period is long, and the project power generation income is influenced; fourth, if the centralized inverter is replaced by a complete machine, the compatibility between the new equipment and the original equipment system needs to be considered. This solution does not fundamentally solve the deficiencies of the centralized inverter in the application.
Compared with a centralized inverter, the series-parallel inverter has the advantages of high power generation efficiency, more MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking maximum power point tracking) paths, convenience in installation and the like. The string inverter can be applied to projects where centralized inverters are used and need to be modified. The direct current cable of the original combiner box is connected to the direct current shunt box, and then a plurality of paths of small direct current loops are formed after shunt and connected to the string type inverter, and the alternating current output of the string type inverter is connected to the low voltage side of the box transformer by using the alternating current cable. Therefore, the junction box and the direct current cable in the original photovoltaic array area can be effectively utilized, construction cost of direct current side cable laying, cable trench digging and the like is reduced, construction period is shortened, and generated energy is improved.
The working principle of the three-phase disconnection warning circuit shown in fig. 1 is as follows:
first, the dc input enters the dc shunt box through the dc inlet switch. The direct current incoming line switch can be realized through the existing direct current incoming line switch structure, and has overvoltage protection and overcurrent protection functions. In fig. 1, dc+ represents the positive DC input terminal, DC-represents the negative DC input terminal, and PE represents ground.
In one possible implementation, the dc output terminal includes a dc output positive terminal and a dc output negative terminal.
In one possible implementation, the dc cable connected to the first copper bar is connected to each dc output positive terminal through the MC4 terminal; the direct current cables connected with the second copper bars are connected to the direct current output negative terminals through MC4 terminals; each direct current output positive end corresponds to each direct current output negative end one by one. The number of the direct current output positive terminals and the direct current output negative terminals can be set according to actual requirements, for example, the direct current output positive terminals shown in fig. 1 are PV1 to PV16+, and the direct current output negative terminals are PV1 to PV16-.
MC4 terminals, namely MC4 connectors, MC is an abbreviation for Multi-Contact, 4 is a dimensional standard for metal core diameter.
Copper bars, also known as copper bus bars or copper bus bars, are long conductors (rounded copper bars are commonly used at present to avoid tip discharge) made of copper materials and having rectangular or chamfered (rounded) cross sections, and play roles in conveying current and connecting electrical equipment in a circuit. In the scheme, a first copper bar is connected with a direct current input positive end, and current of the direct current input positive end is split into each direct current output positive end; the second copper bar is connected with the direct current input negative terminal and shunts the current of the direct current input negative terminal to each direct current output negative terminal. In an actual application scene, the original centralized inverter has only 1-2 MPPT, and the number of MPPT paths can be increased by dividing the direct current input into multiple paths of small current branches and then matching with the string-type inverter, so that the mismatch of strings is reduced, and the generated energy is improved. The MPPT refers to adjusting output power of the photovoltaic array according to characteristics of different ambient temperatures, illumination intensities and the like, so that the photovoltaic array always outputs maximum power.
In one possible implementation, the dc shunt box further comprises respective protection devices; the first end of each DC cable is connected to the DC output end through a protection device and an MC4 terminal in sequence.
The protection devices are arranged on the direct current branch circuits where the direct current cables are located, so that the circuit can be effectively protected when the circulation current is lifted due to the branch circuit faults, the operation and the maintenance are more convenient, and the operation and maintenance cost is lower.
Alternatively, the protection device may be a protection fuse.
In one possible implementation, the dc shunt box further includes a first dc lightning protection device, a second dc lightning protection device, and a third dc lightning protection device; the first end of the first direct current lightning protection device is connected with the first copper bar; the first end of the second direct current lightning protector is connected with the second copper bar; the first end of the third direct current lightning protection device is grounded; the first direct current lightning arrester, the second direct current lightning arrester and the second end of the third direct current lightning arrester are connected. The lightning arrester (in the scheme, a direct current lightning arrester) is an electric appliance used for protecting various electric appliances in a power system from damage caused by lightning overvoltage, operation overvoltage and power frequency transient overvoltage impact.
In one possible implementation, the dc shunt box further comprises a box housing.
In one possible implementation, the individual MC4 terminals are located on the cabinet housing.
In one possible implementation, the dc input positive terminal, the dc input negative terminal, and the respective dc outputs are located outside the housing; the direct current inlet switch, the first copper bar and the second copper bar are positioned in the box body shell. Optionally, the protection device and the direct current lightning protection device are also positioned inside the case body shell.
In an actual application scene, the MC4 terminal is used on the outgoing line side of the box body of the direct current distribution box, so that direct plug-in connection with the existing direct current terminal can be realized, the installation efficiency in the transformation process is improved, and the probability of faults caused by a construction process can be reduced due to standardized production of the box body of the direct current distribution box.
In summary, in the dc shunt box shown in the present application, the dc shunt box includes a dc inlet switch, a first copper bar, a second copper bar, each dc cable, and each MC4 terminal; the direct current input positive end is connected to the first copper bar through a direct current inlet switch; the direct current input negative terminal is connected to the second copper bar through a direct current inlet switch; the first ends of the direct current cables are respectively connected to the first copper bars and the second copper bars, and the number of the direct current cables connected to the first copper bars is equal to that of the direct current cables connected to the second copper bars; the first end of each dc cable is connected to the dc output via an MC4 terminal. Direct current input is split by arranging the first copper bar, the second copper bar and each direct current cable, installation efficiency is improved by arranging each MC4 terminal, and faults caused by a construction process can be reduced because the MC4 terminals can be produced in a standardized manner. Therefore, when the direct current shunt box realizes the direct current shunt function, the direct current shunt box has the advantages of simple structure, high efficiency and strong safety.
Further, fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a photovoltaic power generation system according to an exemplary embodiment. As shown in fig. 2, the photovoltaic power generation system comprises each direct current shunt box shown in fig. 1, wherein the direct current shunt box comprises a direct current inlet switch, a first copper bar, a second copper bar, each direct current cable and each MC4 terminal;
the direct current input positive end is connected to the first copper bar through a direct current inlet switch; the direct current input negative terminal is connected to the second copper bar through a direct current inlet switch;
the first ends of the direct current cables are respectively connected to the first copper bars and the second copper bars, and the number of the direct current cables connected to the first copper bars is equal to that of the direct current cables connected to the second copper bars;
the first end of each direct current cable is connected to the direct current output end through one MC4 terminal;
the photovoltaic power generation system further comprises photovoltaic arrays, string inverters, an alternating current cabinet and a boosting box type inverter;
each photovoltaic array is connected to each group of serial inverters through each direct current shunt box;
each group of serial inverters is connected to an alternating current cabinet;
the ac cabinet is connected to a step-up box transformer.
The working principle of the three-phase disconnection warning circuit shown in fig. 2 is as follows:
in one possible implementation, the photovoltaic array includes individual photovoltaic strings and individual junction boxes. In a photovoltaic power generation system, a plurality of photovoltaic modules are connected in series to form a minimum unit having a required dc output voltage. The junction box is a wiring device for ensuring orderly connection and junction functions of the photovoltaic modules, can ensure that the circuit is easy to cut off when the photovoltaic power generation system is maintained and checked, and reduces the power failure range when the photovoltaic power generation system breaks down. In the photovoltaic power generation system, each photovoltaic string forms a direct-current output voltage and then is input into each junction box for junction.
Further, each junction box is connected with a direct current input positive end and a direct current input negative end of each direct current shunt box through a direct current outgoing cable, and each direct current output voltage after junction is input into each direct current shunt box. And each direct current shunt box shunts the direct current input to obtain each direct current output and inputs the direct current output to the direct current end of each series inverter. The string type inverter adopts modularized design, each photovoltaic array corresponds to one inverter, the direct current end of the string type inverter has a maximum power tracking function (namely MPPT), large direct current (namely direct current input) of the combiner box can be split into multiple branch small direct current branches (namely various direct current outputs) through the direct current splitter box, each small direct current branch is provided with a fuse wire for protection, an MC4 plug and an internal wiring are integrally arranged on the shell of the box, and the string type inverter is directly spliced after the direct current splitter box is installed and fixed on site. Through using MC4 terminal at the box outgoing line side of direct current shunt box for current direct current terminal can directly peg graft with it, has improved the installation effectiveness of transformation, also can be because direct current shunt box's box standardized production, reduces the trouble that the construction technology arouses, makes the security of equipment operation and fortune dimension high. Through direct current shunt box collocation group string type dc-to-ac converter, increased the road number of biggest tracking MPPT, reduced array orientation influence and the mismatch power generation loss between the photovoltaic group string, effectively promoted the generated energy.
Further, each series inverter inverts each direct current output to obtain alternating current, the alternating current is input into an alternating current cabinet through an alternating current end, and the alternating current cabinet inputs the alternating current into a boosting box type transformer. The alternating current cabinet is an alternating current power distribution cabinet and can distribute electric energy. The step-up box transformer may transform a low value alternating voltage to another higher value alternating voltage of the same frequency.
It should be noted that the number of the photovoltaic string, the combiner box, the direct current shunt box and the string type inverter can be set according to actual needs, and the photovoltaic string, the combiner box, the string type inverter, the alternating current cabinet and the step-up box type transformer can be realized through existing equipment.
In summary, in the dc shunt box shown in the present application, the dc shunt box includes a dc inlet switch, a first copper bar, a second copper bar, each dc cable, and each MC4 terminal; the direct current input positive end is connected to the first copper bar through a direct current inlet switch; the direct current input negative terminal is connected to the second copper bar through a direct current inlet switch; the first ends of the direct current cables are respectively connected to the first copper bars and the second copper bars, and the number of the direct current cables connected to the first copper bars is equal to that of the direct current cables connected to the second copper bars; the first end of each dc cable is connected to the dc output via an MC4 terminal. Direct current input is split by arranging the first copper bar, the second copper bar and each direct current cable, installation efficiency is improved by arranging each MC4 terminal, and faults caused by a construction process can be reduced because the MC4 terminals can be produced in a standardized manner. Therefore, when the direct current shunt box realizes the direct current shunt function, the direct current shunt box has the advantages of simple structure, high efficiency and strong safety.
Because the original centralized inverter in the actual application scene is probably not reproduced, the same replacement can not be realized during the transformation, and the centralized inverter of other models can not be used because of the unmatched system parameters, and the mode of combining the direct current shunt box and the string type inverter in the scheme can be compatible with most inverters as long as the input and output voltages are met.
The method can keep the integrity of the direct current side during construction, can utilize the junction box of the original photovoltaic field and the original cable of the direct current side, reduce the work such as cable pit excavation brought by direct current side construction, and shorten the construction period. When the direct current shunt box is modified, the direct current shunt box is combined with the serial type inverter, and the direct current shunt box is placed near the original inverter, so that the original inverter cabinet body can be utilized for access modification and alternating current cable access, and the equipment input cost and the construction cost of direct current partial modification are further reduced.
The string type inverter is utilized, the protection function and the protection precision of the system are improved, meanwhile, the monitoring advantage of the string type inverter can be utilized, the operation state of the photovoltaic string is monitored through the string type inverter, and the photovoltaic string is not required to be monitored through the combiner box, so that the direct current shunt box does not need to be provided with a monitoring system, and the monitoring cost of the direct current shunt box is saved. The monitoring system of the direct current shunt box can be selectively configured if special monitoring requirements exist.
Other embodiments of the present application will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the utility model disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the application following, in general, the principles of the application and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the application pertains. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the application being indicated by the following claims.
It is to be understood that the present application is not limited to the precise arrangements and instrumentalities shown in the drawings, which have been described above, and that various modifications and changes may be effected without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the application is limited only by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. The direct current shunt box is characterized by comprising a direct current inlet switch, a first copper bar, a second copper bar, each direct current cable and each MC4 terminal;
the direct current input positive end is connected to the first copper bar through a direct current inlet switch; the direct current input negative terminal is connected to the second copper bar through a direct current inlet switch;
the first ends of the direct current cables are respectively connected to the first copper bars and the second copper bars, and the number of the direct current cables connected to the first copper bars is equal to that of the direct current cables connected to the second copper bars;
the first end of each dc cable is connected to the dc output via an MC4 terminal.
2. The dc shunt box according to claim 1, wherein said dc output terminals comprise a dc output positive terminal and a dc output negative terminal.
3. The direct current distribution box according to claim 2, wherein the direct current cable connected to the first copper bar is connected to each direct current output positive terminal through the MC4 terminal; the direct current cables connected with the second copper bars are connected to the direct current output negative terminals through MC4 terminals;
each direct current output positive end corresponds to each direct current output negative end one by one.
4. The dc shunt box according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises respective protection means;
the first end of each DC cable is connected to the DC output end through a protection device and an MC4 terminal in sequence.
5. The dc shunt box according to claim 1, further comprising a first dc lightning protection device, a second dc lightning protection device, and a third dc lightning protection device;
the first end of the first direct current lightning protector is connected with the first copper bar; the first end of the second direct current lightning protector is connected with the second copper bar; the first end of the third direct current lightning protector is grounded;
the first direct current lightning arrester, the second direct current lightning arrester and the second end of the third direct current lightning arrester are connected.
6. The direct current distribution box of claim 1, further comprising a box housing.
7. The dc shunt box according to claim 6, wherein each MC4 terminal is located on the box housing.
8. The dc shunt box according to claim 7, wherein said dc input positive terminal, said dc input negative terminal and each dc output terminal are located outside of said box housing;
the direct current inlet switch, the first copper bar and the second copper bar are positioned in the box body shell.
9. The photovoltaic power generation system is characterized by comprising direct current shunt boxes, wherein the direct current shunt boxes comprise direct current inlet wire switches, first copper bars, second copper bars, direct current cables and MC4 terminals;
the direct current input positive end is connected to the first copper bar through a direct current inlet switch; the direct current input negative terminal is connected to the second copper bar through a direct current inlet switch;
the first ends of the direct current cables are respectively connected to the first copper bars and the second copper bars, and the number of the direct current cables connected to the first copper bars is equal to that of the direct current cables connected to the second copper bars;
the first end of each direct current cable is connected to the direct current output end through one MC4 terminal;
the photovoltaic power generation system further comprises photovoltaic arrays, string inverters, an alternating current cabinet and a boosting box type inverter;
each photovoltaic array is connected to each group of serial inverters through each direct current shunt box;
each group of serial inverters is connected to an alternating current cabinet;
the ac cabinet is connected to a step-up box transformer.
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