CN219285494U - Multi-component linkage continuous zooming infrared optical system - Google Patents
Multi-component linkage continuous zooming infrared optical system Download PDFInfo
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- CN219285494U CN219285494U CN202320359447.2U CN202320359447U CN219285494U CN 219285494 U CN219285494 U CN 219285494U CN 202320359447 U CN202320359447 U CN 202320359447U CN 219285494 U CN219285494 U CN 219285494U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a multi-component linkage continuous zooming infrared optical system, which is characterized in that a first fixed lens, a zoom lens, a first compensation lens, a second fixed lens, a third fixed lens group and an image surface are sequentially arranged from an object space to an image space in the optical axis direction, wherein the third fixed lens group comprises a first rear fixed lens, a second rear fixed lens and a third rear fixed lens which are sequentially arranged from the object space to the image space, and the zoom lens, the first compensation lens and the second compensation lens can all move along the optical axis direction; wherein the working wave band of the multi-component linkage continuous zooming infrared optical system is set to be 3.7 mu m-4.8 mu nm. The application range is mid-wave infrared light, a secondary imaging mode is adopted, the zoom lens realizes zoom through axial movement, the first compensation lens and the second compensation lens compensate image plane displacement brought by the zoom lens through axial movement, and the optical system structure is more compact while the system large zoom rate can be realized, so that the purpose of miniaturization is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of optical systems, in particular to a multi-component linkage continuous zooming infrared optical system.
Background
The continuous-zoom optical system may be classified into a mechanically compensated continuous-zoom optical system and an optically compensated continuous-zoom optical system. A system in which all the movable components in the zoom system are fixedly connected together and move linearly in the optical axis direction is called an optical compensation continuous zoom optical system, and a zoom system in which the motion compensation of one part of the movable groups is the image plane displacement generated by the motion of the other part of the movable groups is called a mechanical compensation continuous zoom optical system. The optical compensation continuous zoom optical system realizes image plane compensation at a limited number of special positions by utilizing the linear motion of a lens group in the optical system, thereby realizing continuous zooming, but the structure is longer and the imaging quality of the optical system is not high. The mechanical compensation type zoom optical system can continuously change the focal length of the whole optical system by changing the relative positions of the zoom lens and the compensation lens, and has the advantages of simple structure, low development cost and the like. However, the current mechanical compensation type zoom optical system still has the contradiction between large zoom ratio and light and small design.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model mainly aims to provide a multi-component linkage continuous zooming infrared optical system, which breaks through the mode of fixedly connecting a zoom lens and a compensation lens in the prior art on the basis of the traditional optical compensation zooming system, and enables the zoom lens and the compensation lens to move independently, thereby realizing the multi-component linkage infrared optical system with large zoom ratio.
In order to achieve the above-mentioned objective, the present utility model provides a multi-component linkage continuous zooming infrared optical system, which includes a first fixed lens, a zoom lens, a first compensation lens, a second fixed lens, a third fixed lens group and an image plane, which are sequentially arranged from an object side to an image side in an optical axis direction, wherein the third fixed lens group includes a first rear fixed lens, a second rear fixed lens and a third rear fixed lens, which are sequentially arranged from the object side to the image side, and the zoom lens, the first compensation lens and the second compensation lens are all movable along the optical axis direction;
wherein the working wave band of the multi-component linkage continuous zooming infrared optical system is set to be 3.7 mu m-4.8 mu nm.
Optionally, the total length TTL of the optical system of the multi-component linkage continuous zooming infrared optical system is less than 250mm.
Optionally, the range of the zoom ratio Γ of the multi-component linkage continuous-zoom infrared optical system is set to be 1 < Γ < 40.
Optionally, the F number range of the multi-component linkage continuous-zoom infrared optical system is set to be 2-5.5.
Alternatively, the second fixed lens is movable in the optical axis direction.
Optionally, the first fixed lens is a meniscus type spherical lens with positive focal power, a convex surface of the first fixed lens is arranged towards the image surface, the variable lens is a biconcave type aspheric lens with negative focal power, the first compensating lens is a biconvex type aspheric lens with positive focal power, the second compensating lens is a meniscus type aspheric lens with positive focal power, a concave surface of the second compensating lens is arranged towards the image surface, the second fixed lens is a meniscus type aspheric lens with positive focal power, a convex surface of the second compensating lens is arranged towards the image surface, the first rear fixed lens is a meniscus type aspheric lens with negative focal power, a concave surface of the first rear fixed lens is arranged towards the image surface, the second rear fixed lens is a biconvex type aspheric lens with positive focal power, and the third rear fixed lens is a meniscus type aspheric lens with positive focal power, and a convex surface of the third rear fixed lens is arranged towards the image surface.
Optionally, the first fixed lens, the variable magnification lens, the first compensation lens, the second fixed lens, the first rear fixed lens, the second rear fixed lens, and the third rear fixed lens are all aspheric lenses.
Optionally, the first fixed lens, the first compensation lens, the second fixed lens and the first rear fixed lens are made of silicon glass materials;
the zoom lens, the second compensation lens and the third rear fixed lens are made of germanium glass materials;
and the second rear fixed lens is made of calcium fluoride glass material.
Optionally, a distance between the first compensation lens and the second compensation lens is L1, wherein 2.ltoreq.l1.ltoreq.49.6 mm.
Optionally, a distance between the variable magnification lens and the first compensation lens is L2, wherein 2.7.ltoreq.l2.ltoreq.81.7 mm.
In the technical scheme of the utility model, the application range is mid-wave infrared light, a secondary imaging mode is adopted, zooming is realized through three-component linkage of the zoom lens, the first compensation lens and the second compensation lens, the zoom lens realizes zooming through axial movement, and the first compensation lens and the second compensation lens compensate image plane displacement brought by the zoom lens through axial movement. The zoom lens, the first compensation lens and the second compensation lens are separated to move independently and can do nonlinear movement, in the optical system, the zoom function and the compensation function are opposite, namely the compensation lens can also play the role of zoom, and the zoom lens can play the role of the zoom lens and the compensation lens sufficiently, so that the length of an optical cylinder of the optical system can be limited in a smaller range under the condition of increasing the zoom ratio, the system can realize a large zoom ratio, the optical system structure is more compact, and the purpose of miniaturization is achieved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and other drawings may be obtained according to the structures shown in these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment (tele) of a multi-component linked continuous-zoom infrared optical system provided by the utility model;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the multi-component linked continuous-zoom infrared optical system (mid-focus) of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the multi-component linked continuous-zoom infrared optical system (short focal length) of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the MTF for the multi-component linked continuous-zoom infrared optical system of FIG. 1 at the wide-angle end;
FIG. 5 is a graph of MTF for the multi-component linked continuous-zoom infrared optical system of FIG. 1 at an intermediate magnification;
fig. 6 is a graph of MTF for the multicomponent linked continuous-zoom infrared optical system of fig. 1 at the telephoto end.
Reference numerals illustrate:
the achievement of the objects, functional features and advantages of the present utility model will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in conjunction with the embodiments.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present utility model will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the utility model. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the utility model without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the utility model.
In the case where a directional instruction is involved in the embodiment of the present utility model, the directional instruction is merely used to explain the relative positional relationship, movement condition, etc. between the components in a specific posture, and if the specific posture is changed, the directional instruction is changed accordingly.
In addition, if there is a description of "first", "second", etc. in the embodiments of the present utility model, the description of "first", "second", etc. is for descriptive purposes only and is not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In addition, the technical solutions of the embodiments may be combined with each other, but it is necessary to base that the technical solutions can be realized by those skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, the combination of the technical solutions should be considered to be absent and not within the scope of protection claimed in the present utility model.
The infrared imaging technology is to image by utilizing the difference between the target and background infrared radiation or the reflection difference of the infrared imaging technology to a natural light source, is generally used for detecting, identifying, tracking and aiming the target under bad weather conditions at night and in daytime, belongs to the passive imaging technology, and has stronger concealment and anti-interference capability. The continuous zooming optical system can keep clear imaging on the target in the process of continuously changing the field of view, and the condition that the tracking target is lost due to field of view switching can not occur, so that the continuous zooming optical system is widely applied. In recent years, with development of infrared imaging technology, when an on-board infrared system is applied to detection, identification, tracking and aiming of a target, a thermal imager is required to have a longer identification distance and a larger search range, so that the demand of people for an ultra-long focal length and ultra-large field continuous zoom optical system is increasingly increased.
However, the conventional zoom optical system is difficult to have large magnification and miniaturization design requirements, so that the conventional zoom optical system has to be optimized, and a moving lens group in the zoom objective optical system is increased, so that the optical system still has a compact structure in the zooming process. Therefore, the utility model provides a multi-component linkage continuous zooming infrared optical system, which breaks through the mode of fixedly connecting a zoom lens and a compensation lens in the prior art on the basis of the traditional optical compensation zooming system, and enables the zoom lens and the compensation lens to move independently, thereby realizing the multi-component linkage infrared optical system with large zoom ratio. Fig. 1 to 3 are diagrams showing MTF graphs of the optical system according to embodiments of the multi-component linkage continuous-zoom infrared optical system provided by the present utility model, and fig. 4 to 6 show the MTF curves of the optical system, respectively.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, a multi-component linkage continuous zooming infrared optical system 100 includes a first fixed lens 1, a zoom lens 2, a first compensation lens 3, a second compensation lens 4, a second fixed lens 5, a third fixed lens group 6 and an image plane sequentially arranged from an object side to an image side in an optical axis direction, wherein the third fixed lens group 6 includes a first rear fixed lens 626163, a second rear fixed lens and a third rear fixed lens sequentially arranged from the object side to the image side, and the zoom lens 2, the first compensation lens 3 and the second compensation lens 4 can all move along the optical axis direction; wherein the working wave band of the multi-component linkage continuous zooming infrared optical system 100 is set to be 3.7 mu m-4.8 mu nm.
In the technical scheme of the utility model, the application range is mid-wave infrared light, a secondary imaging mode is adopted, zooming is realized through three-component linkage of the zoom lens 2, the first compensation lens 3 and the second compensation lens 4, the zoom lens 2 realizes zooming through axial movement, and the first compensation lens 3 and the second compensation lens 4 compensate image plane displacement caused by the zoom lens 2 through axial movement. The zoom lens 2, the first compensating lens 3 and the second compensating lens 4 are separated and independently move and can do nonlinear movement, in the optical system, the zoom function and the compensating function are opposite, namely, the compensating lens can also play the role of zoom, the zoom lens 2 can play the role of the zoom lens 2 and the compensating lens fully, so that the length of an optical barrel of the optical system can be limited in a smaller range under the condition of increasing the zoom ratio, the structure of the optical system is more compact while the system is realized to achieve the purpose of miniaturization.
Specifically, the imaging light beam from the object side sequentially passes through the first fixed lens 1, the variable magnification lens 2, the first compensation lens 3, the second compensation lens 4, the second fixed lens 5 and the third fixed lens group 6, and then forms an image on the image plane. The system zoom lens 2 moves towards the object direction, the first compensation lens 3 moves towards the image direction, the second compensation lens 4 moves towards the object direction, and the focal length is shortened; the zoom lens 2 moves towards the image space, the first compensation lens 3 moves towards the object space, the second compensation lens 4 moves towards the image space, and the focal length is prolonged; whereby a continuous zoom is achieved by a combined movement of the variable magnification lens 2, the first compensation lens 3, the second compensation lens 4.
Further, the total optical system length TTL of the multi-component linkage continuous zooming infrared optical system 100 is less than 250mm. The focal length range is 30mm-600mm, and a medium wave infrared F4 refrigeration detector is matched.
Further, the optical system has a short focal length f1 and a long length Jiao Jiaoju f2, and the corresponding multi-component linkage continuous zooming infrared optical system 100 has a zoom ratio of: Γ=f2/F1, in the present embodiment, Γ is set to 1 < Γ.ltoreq.40, and F number of the multi-component linkage continuous-zoom infrared optical system 100 is set to 2.ltoreq.f.ltoreq.5.5.
Moreover, the second fixed lens 5 can move along the optical axis direction, so that the functions of image plane drift and imaging plane drift compensation with different object distances at different working temperatures can be realized, the working temperature in the range of-40 ℃ to 460 ℃ can be realized, the imaging quality is good under the conditions that the imaging object distance ranges from 10m to infinity and the like, and the focal plane position can be kept unchanged.
The present utility model is not limited to the specific type of each lens involved, and in one embodiment, the first fixed lens 1, the variable magnification lens 2, the first compensation lens 3, the second compensation lens 4, the second fixed lens 5, the first rear fixed lens 626163, the second rear fixed lens, and the third rear fixed lens are all aspherical lenses. In other embodiments, spherical lenses can be selected, or part of the lenses are selected from spherical lenses, and the rest of the lenses are selected from aspherical lenses, so that corresponding functions can be realized.
In this embodiment, the lens is selected as follows: the first fixed lens 1 is a meniscus type spherical lens with positive focal power, the convex surface of the lens is arranged towards the image surface, the variable lens 2 is a biconcave type aspheric lens with negative focal power, the first compensating lens 3 is a biconvex type aspheric lens with positive focal power, the second compensating lens 4 is a meniscus type aspheric lens with positive focal power, the concave surface of the lens is arranged towards the image surface, the second fixed lens 5 is a meniscus type aspheric lens with positive focal power, the convex surface of the lens is arranged towards the image surface, the first rear fixed lens 626163 is a meniscus type aspheric lens with negative focal power, the concave surface of the lens is arranged towards the image surface, the second rear fixed lens is a biconvex type aspheric lens with positive focal power, and the third rear fixed lens is a meniscus type aspheric lens with positive focal power, and the convex surface of the lens is arranged towards the image surface.
Further, the first fixed lens 1, the first compensation lens 3, the second fixed lens 5 and the first rear fixed lens 626163 are made of silicon glass materials; the zoom lens 2, the second compensation lens 4 and the third rear fixed lens are made of germanium glass materials; and the second rear fixed lens is made of calcium fluoride glass material. The 8 lenses in the embodiment are made of domestic common infrared materials such as silicon, germanium, calcium fluoride and the like, and glass with different refractive indexes and different thicknesses are selected corresponding to different positions.
Specifically, regarding the optical performance selection of the lens in this embodiment, reference may be made to table 1, where the data in table is a set of data of the multi-component linkage continuous-zoom infrared optical system 100 in this embodiment, including a surface number, a surface shape, a radius, a thickness, and an optical material, where positive and negative of the radius satisfy the optical basic symbol rule, and each set of data in the optical material indicates the refractive index and abbe number of the material.
TABLE 1
| Flour model | Surface type | Radius/mm | Thickness/mm | Optical material | Optical power |
| S1 | Spherical surface | 132.79 | 17 | Silicon (Si) | Positive direction |
| S2 | Spherical surface | 193.4 | 90.2 | ||
| S3 | Spherical surface | -129.49 | 4.9 | Germanium (Ge) | Negative pole |
| S4 | Aspherical surface | 87.44 | 2.7 | ||
| S5 | Aspherical surface | 121.65 | 8.7 | Silicon (Si) | Positive direction |
| S6 | Spherical surface | -100.17 | 49.62 | ||
| S7 | Aspherical surface | -39.13 | 2 | Germanium (Ge) | Negative pole |
| S8 | Aspherical surface | -69.45 | 3.4 | ||
| S9 | Aspherical surface | 17.67 | 4.4 | Silicon (Si) | Positive direction |
| S10 | Spherical surface | 29.83 | 23.7 | ||
| S11 | Spherical surface | -5.62 | 2 | Silicon (Si) | Negative pole |
| S12 | Aspherical surface | -7.86 | 0.4 | ||
| S13 | Spherical surface | 29.45 | 5.3 | Calcium fluoride | Positive direction |
| S14 | Spherical surface | -23.73 | 0.4 | ||
| S15 | Spherical surface | 12.06 | 2.8 | Germanium (Ge) | Positive direction |
| S16 | Aspherical surface | 16.86 | 4.5 |
In addition, in the embodiment of the present utility model, the distance between the first compensation lens 3 and the second compensation lens 4 is L1, wherein 2.ltoreq.l1.ltoreq.49.6 mm, and the distance between the variable magnification lens 2 and the first compensation lens 3 is L2, wherein 2.7.ltoreq.l2.ltoreq.81.7 mm. In the long-focus and short-focus states, the directions and strokes of the variable magnification lens 2, the first compensation lens 3, and the second compensation lens 4 moving in the optical axis direction are different, and specific distance values are shown in table 2 below.
TABLE 2
| / | Distance between teles | Short focal distance |
| Objective lens and first zoom lens | 59.7 | 90.2 |
| First zoom lens and first compensation lens | 81.7 | 2.7 |
| First and second compensating lenses | 2 | 49.6 |
Fig. 4 to 6 show MTF graphs of the multi-component linked continuous-zoom infrared optical system at the wide-angle end, the intermediate magnification, and the telephoto end, respectively.
In order to quickly and effectively design a better initial structure, the utility model provides a method for combining design by utilizing parameter setting and optical design software, which comprises the following specific design steps:
step 1: in order to realize smooth root replacement of the compensation lenses, taking magnification of the zoom lens 2 and each compensation lens as a starting state of calculation, assuming that the focal length of the zoom lens 2 is-1, calculating the focal length of each compensation lens, the object image distance between each compensation lens and the zoom lens 2 and the distance between each compensation lens and each compensation lens;
step 2: setting the magnification of the long-focus time-varying lens 2, obtaining the object distance, the image distance and the movement along the optical axis of the long-focus time-varying lens 2, and calculating parameters such as the magnification of the short-focus time-varying lens 2 and the magnification of the compensation lens through the zoom ratio;
step 3: calculating parameters of the short-focus optical system by taking the initial state as a reference (the magnification of the variable magnification lens 2 and the compensation lens is-1);
step 4: selecting a short focal state, and calculating the focal length of the first fixed lens 1;
step 5: selecting a short focus state, setting the magnification of the third fixed lens group 6, and then calculating the focal length of the third fixed lens group 6;
step 6: obtaining the distance between each component in long focus, medium focus and short focus through system parameter scaling;
step 7: the calculated parameters are brought into optical design software, parameters such as the curvature radius, the aspheric coefficients and the like of the system are optimized, a cam curve is optimally controlled, and smoothness and no inflection point of the cam curve are ensured;
step 8: the second fixed lens 5 is moved, so that the system can obtain higher imaging quality under the conditions of high temperature, low temperature and far and near focus, and the focusing stroke of the second fixed lens 5 is obtained;
step 9: simulation analysis is carried out on the system cold reflection, and according to the analyzed cold reflection path, the surface possibly forming the cold reflection is controlled to control the curvature radius, and the emergence angles of paraxial rays and marginal rays of the surface are changed; restricting the interval between the lens groups and adjusting the incidence height of light rays on the lenses;
step 10: and the consistency of the optical axis of the system is ensured through a guide shaft, a linear bearing and the like.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the utility model has the following advantages:
1. the infrared imaging lens adopts domestic common infrared materials such as silicon, germanium and the like, the whole system only adopts 8 lenses, all the lenses are spherical or aspheric, no special surface exists, good imaging quality is ensured in the whole zooming range, and the MTF value of each view field is more than 0.2 at the position of 33 lp/mm.
2. Through multi-component linkage zooming, 20 times of zoom ratio can be realized under a continuous zooming state, and through reasonable selection of structural forms of all components, reasonable distribution of optical power and reasonable collocation of glass materials, if negative group lenses are adopted for zooming, positive group lenses and negative lens groups are respectively adopted for compensating lenses, and system aberration and optical length are comprehensively balanced.
3. In the design process, the cam curve is optimally controlled, and the curve fitting is in a segmented form, so that the curve is ensured to be smooth and has no inflection point.
4. Simulation analysis is carried out on the system cold reflection, and the cold reflection is strictly controlled according to the analyzed cold reflection light path, for example, the aperture diaphragm of the optical system coincides with the cold diaphragm of the detector, so that 100% cold diaphragm matching is ensured; requirements are set for the lens film system, and the transmittance is ensured to be more than or equal to 99%; for the surface which can form cold reflection, the curvature radius is controlled, the emergence angle of paraxial rays and marginal rays of the surface is changed, the interval between lens groups is restrained, and the incidence height of the rays on the lens is adjusted.
5. And the consistency of the optical axis of the system is ensured through a guide shaft, a linear bearing and the like.
6. And the distance of the second fixed lens 5 is adjusted back and forth, so that the working temperature compensation at-40-460 ℃, the focusing of imaging at different distances and the non-uniform correction compensation are realized.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the scope of the utility model, and all equivalent structural changes made by the description of the present utility model and the accompanying drawings or direct/indirect application in other related technical fields are included in the scope of the utility model.
Claims (10)
1. The multi-component linkage continuous zooming infrared optical system is characterized by comprising a first fixed lens, a zoom lens, a first compensation lens, a second fixed lens, a third fixed lens group and an image plane which are sequentially arranged from an object side to an image side in the optical axis direction, wherein the third fixed lens group comprises a first rear fixed lens, a second rear fixed lens and a third rear fixed lens which are sequentially arranged from the object side to the image side, and the zoom lens, the first compensation lens and the second compensation lens can all move along the optical axis direction;
wherein the working wave band of the multi-component linkage continuous zooming infrared optical system is set to be 3.7 mu m-4.8 mu nm.
2. The multi-component, linked, continuous-zoom infrared optical system of claim 1, wherein an overall optical system length TTL of the multi-component, linked, continuous-zoom infrared optical system is < 250mm.
3. The multi-component linked continuous-zoom infrared optical system according to claim 1, wherein a range of a zoom ratio Γ of the multi-component linked continuous-zoom infrared optical system is set to 1 <
Γ≤40。
4. The multi-component linked continuous-zoom infrared optical system of claim 1, wherein the range of F numbers of the multi-component linked continuous-zoom infrared optical system is set to 2.ltoreq.f.ltoreq.5.5.
5. The multi-component linked continuous-zoom infrared optical system of claim 1, wherein the second stationary lens is movable in the direction of the optical axis.
6. The multi-component, linked, continuous-zoom infrared optical system of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the first stationary lens is a positive power meniscus lens with its convex surface disposed toward the image plane, the variable power lens is a negative power biconcave aspheric lens, the first compensating lens is a positive power biconvex aspheric lens, the second compensating lens is a positive power meniscus lens with its concave surface disposed toward the image plane, the second stationary lens is a positive power meniscus aspheric lens with its convex surface disposed toward the image plane, the first rear stationary lens is a negative power meniscus aspheric lens with its concave surface disposed toward the image plane, the second rear stationary lens is a positive power biconvex aspheric lens, and the third rear stationary lens is a positive power meniscus aspheric lens with its convex surface disposed toward the image plane.
7. The multi-component linked continuous-zoom infrared optical system of claim 1, wherein the first fixed lens, the variable-magnification lens, the first compensation lens, the second fixed lens, the first rear fixed lens, the second rear fixed lens, and the third rear fixed lens are all aspheric lenses.
8. The multi-component linked continuous-zoom infrared optical system of claim 1, wherein the first stationary lens, the first compensation lens, the second stationary lens, and the first rear stationary lens are made of a silicate glass material;
the zoom lens, the second compensation lens and the third rear fixed lens are made of germanium glass materials;
and the second rear fixed lens is made of calcium fluoride glass material.
9. The multi-component, linked continuous-zoom infrared optical system of claim 1, wherein a distance between the first compensation lens and the second compensation lens is L1, wherein,
2≤L1≤49.6mm。
10. the multi-component linked continuous-zoom infrared optical system of claim 1, wherein a distance between the variable-magnification lens and the first compensation lens is L2, wherein 2.7-L2-81.7 mm.
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