CN219254468U - Friction stir spot welding stirring head capable of welding high-melting-point materials - Google Patents
Friction stir spot welding stirring head capable of welding high-melting-point materials Download PDFInfo
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- CN219254468U CN219254468U CN202221644004.XU CN202221644004U CN219254468U CN 219254468 U CN219254468 U CN 219254468U CN 202221644004 U CN202221644004 U CN 202221644004U CN 219254468 U CN219254468 U CN 219254468U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a friction stir spot welding stirring head capable of welding high-melting-point materials, which comprises: the stirring pin, the stirring pin body, the stirring sleeve, the compression ring and the stirring head cone; the stirring needle body, the stirring sleeve and the compression ring are sequentially sleeved from inside to outside, and the compression ring is fixed on the conical body of the stirring head; the front end of the stirring pin body is provided with a stirring pin sleeve, the stirring pin is locked in the stirring pin sleeve, the port of the stirring pin sleeve and the working end surface of the stirring pin are arranged on the same plane, and the stirring pin is made of polycrystalline cubic boron nitride; the external surface of the front part of the stirring sleeve is provided with a stirring thread groove; the technical scheme reduces the cost of the traditional stirring pin, and has high temperature resistance, wear resistance, high strength, good dimensional stability and creep resistance; during friction stir welding, the screw thread stirring groove stirs and plasticizes the molten metal, and when the stirring head is removed from the surface of the weldment, the backfilling effect is better; is more suitable for the welding requirements among different metal materials.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of friction heat welding, and particularly relates to a friction stir spot welding stirring head capable of welding high-melting-point materials.
Background
Friction Stir Welding (FSW) as a novel solid phase connection technology has received great attention since the advent of the prior art, has been successfully applied to welding of low-melting-point materials such as aluminum and magnesium, has initiated the transformation of production technologies in the manufacturing fields of equipment such as aviation, aerospace, railways, automobiles, shipbuilding and the like, and has achieved remarkable economic and social benefits. In order to further develop the advantages of friction stir welding, the application range thereof has been widened, and in recent years, friction stir welding techniques for high-melting-point materials such as steel and titanium have been studied, and a certain research result has been achieved.
Compared with the low-melting-point materials, the high-melting-point materials such as steel, titanium and the like have higher strength and hardness, so that the difficulty of friction stir welding is remarkably increased; the principle of friction stir welding is that a heat engine action is generated between a stirring head and a welded material to form a joint, and the stirring head directly bears heat load, force load and friction abrasion in the welding process, so that the requirements on the stirring head material are much more severe than those of friction stir welding of a low-melting-point material;
at present, the stirring head for friction stir welding, which is low in design cost and long in service life and can be used for welding high-melting-point materials, has great difficulty, so that the research and the application of friction stir welding are greatly limited.
Backfill friction stir spot welding is a novel solid phase spot-like connection technology developed in recent decades, and mainly comprises 4 steps: (1) the compression ring is pressed on the surface of the upper plate, and the stirring sleeve and the stirring pin start to synchronously rotate and rub with the material to be welded to generate friction heat so as to plasticize the material; (2) the stirring pin and the stirring sleeve move upwards and downwards respectively, and the plastic metal is extruded into a cavity left by the upward movement of the stirring pin by the sleeve; (3) after the pressing quantity reaches a certain value, the stirring pin presses down to squeeze plastic metal into a cavity left by the back pumping of the stirring sleeve; (4) the stirring head is removed from the surface of the weldment. The technology has the advantages of no keyhole, high quality, simple process, energy saving, clean working environment and the like. The backfill type friction stir spot welding tool consists of a compression ring, a stirring pin and a stirring sleeve. The whole welding process mainly depends on the severe friction of the stirring pin, the stirring sleeve and the welded material, so that the temperature of the welding joint rises rapidly, and after the welding joint reaches a plastic state, the stirring pin, the stirring sleeve downward-bundling and backfilling movement are accompanied, the extrusion and backfilling of the plastic material are completed, and the metallurgical bonding of welding spots is further realized.
In the backfill type friction stir spot welding process, only the front ends of the stirring sleeve and the stirring pin are contacted with the welded material, namely the front ends of the stirring sleeve and the stirring pin are working parts. When the stirring sleeve and the stirring pin are worn or different sizes of welding spots are required to be adopted, the stirring sleeve and the stirring pin are often replaced integrally, and the cost is high.
The welding tool is the core of the friction stir welding technology, and the selection of the proper welding tool material is the key of the welding tool design, and the most important is the selection of the material of the stirring head. Friction stir welding is essentially a process in which the stirring head and the material being welded undergo thermal mechanical action and form a joint, and the stirring head is directly subjected to heat load, force load and frictional wear during welding, thus requiring that it have a melting point, strength, hardness and toughness higher than those of the material being welded under the welding conditions. Compared with the low-melting-point material, the stirring head can bear larger mechanical load, frictional heat load and more serious abrasion in the friction stir welding process of the high-melting-point material, so that the requirements on the stirring head material are much more severe than those of the friction stir welding process of the low-melting-point material. When welding low-melting-point materials such as aluminum, magnesium and the like, the stirring head material is made of tool steel. For high-melting-point materials such as steel and titanium, the highest temperature during welding is higher than l000 ℃, and materials meeting the use requirements at such high temperatures are often refractory metal alloys, structural ceramics and the like.
When high-melting-point metal materials such as steel, stainless steel, nickel-based alloy and the like are connected by friction stir welding, the temperature rise of a stirring head can reach 1000-1300 ℃, if refractory metals or alloys containing tungsten, hafnium, rhenium, molybdenum, niobium, zirconium and the like are selected, although the materials have high-temperature resistance, the materials cannot be resistant to abrasion, and because the materials have insufficient strength and hardness, some materials can form alloying products with welded materials (such as ferrite steel) even in the friction stir welding process, so that defects are caused. The combined stirring head is made of various materials, so that the defect of the current stirring head field is overcome.
In the friction stir welding process, the stirring head is the only part in direct contact with the workpiece, and besides the size, shape and welding parameters of the stirring head can influence the final effect of welding, the stirring head material can also have an important influence on welding quality. The material of the stirring head not only determines the rate of friction heating of the stirring head, the operating temperature and the tool strength, but also determines what materials can be welded by friction stir welding. For friction stir welding of high melting point and high strength materials such as steel, titanium alloy and nickel base alloy, the welding temperature can reach 0.8Tm (for example, the FSW temperature of the titanium alloy is close to 1334 ℃). Gan et al have shown that when welding high strength alloys such as steel, the strength of the stirring head is at least 400MPa above 1000 c without failure. The common steel can soften at 500-600 ℃, has no certain rigidity and strength at high temperature, and is obviously not suitable for welding high-temperature materials. To ensure that the stirring head is continuously operated for several hours at 1000 ℃ or even above 1200 ℃ without failure, the stirring head is required to have enough high-temperature performance.
Therefore, the ideal material for the stirring head needs to have the following properties at high temperature (1) high temperature resistance, wear resistance, high strength, good dimensional stability and creep resistance, (2) high fracture toughness, low ductile-brittle transition temperature to resist fatigue and fracture, (3) low friction coefficient as much as possible between the material and the base material to obtain a smooth welding surface, (4) sufficient thermal fatigue strength to bear repeated heating and cooling cycles, (5) certain chemical inertness, no chemical reaction with the base material, (6) good processing property, (7) proper manufacturing cost, economy and practicability.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims to solve the problems and provides a friction stir spot welding stirring head capable of welding high-melting-point materials;
a friction stir spot welding stirring head for welding high melting point materials, comprising: the stirring pin 1, the stirring pin body 2, the stirring sleeve 4, the compression ring 6 and the stirring head cone 9; the stirring pin body 2, the stirring sleeve 4 and the compression ring 6 are sequentially sleeved from inside to outside, and the compression ring 6 is fixed on the stirring head cone 9; the method is characterized in that: the front end of the stirring pin body 2 is provided with a stirring pin sleeve 21, the stirring pin 1 is locked in the stirring pin sleeve 21, the port of the stirring pin sleeve 21 and the working end surface of the stirring pin 1 are arranged on the same plane, and the stirring pin 1 is made of polycrystalline cubic boron nitride;
the stirring sleeve 4 is made of tungsten-rhenium alloy.
The stirring pin sleeve 21 is made of Co-Al-W alloy material.
The external surface of the front part of the stirring sleeve 4 is provided with a stirring thread groove 41.
The stirring needle sleeve (21) is arranged at one side end part of the stirring needle body (2); a screw cap (22) is arranged at the other end part of the stirring needle body (2); one end of the screw cap (22) is connected with the stirring pin fixing screw cap (3); a prismatic groove (211) is arranged in the stirring needle sleeve (21); the stirring pin sleeve (21) is radially provided with a bolt through hole (212); the stirring pin (1) is embedded into the stirring pin sleeve (21); the prism (12) is in interference fit with the prism groove (211); the stirring pin (1) is in locking connection with the stirring pin body (2) through a fixed jackscrew 8.
The compression ring (6) is fixed on the stirring head conical body (9); the main shaft connecting nut (7) is fixedly connected with the stirring head conical body (9) through the shaft sleeve connecting piece (5).
One end of the shaft sleeve connecting piece (5) is provided with a first concave spigot (51) and a locking thread (52); the other end part of the stirring sleeve (4) is provided with a threaded opening (42), and the inner end of the threaded opening (42) is provided with a stepped convex spigot (43); the thread opening (42) is in locking connection with the locking thread (52); one side of the stepped convex spigot (43) is in close contact with the first concave spigot (51); the stirring pin fixing nut (3) is sleeved in the shaft sleeve connecting piece (5).
The compression ring (6) is sleeve-shaped, and a compression ring sleeve opening (61) is formed in the inner side of one side end part of the compression ring (6); the outer side of the middle part of the compression ring (6) is provided with a ring shoulder (62); the inner side of the end part of the other side of the compression ring (6) is provided with a second concave spigot (63); the compression ring (6) is sleeved on the stirring sleeve (4); the other side of the stepped convex spigot (43) is tightly connected with the second concave spigot (63); the annular shoulder (62) is fixedly connected with the front end of the stirring head conical body (9) through bolts.
A gap is arranged between the inside of the pipe body of the compression ring (6) and the stirring sleeve (4).
The utility model provides a friction stir spot welding stirring head capable of welding high-melting-point materials, which comprises: the stirring pin 1, the stirring pin body 2, the stirring sleeve 4, the compression ring 6 and the stirring head cone 9; the stirring pin body 2, the stirring sleeve 4 and the compression ring 6 are sequentially sleeved from inside to outside, and the compression ring 6 is fixed on the stirring head cone 9; the front end of the stirring pin body 2 is provided with a stirring pin sleeve 21, the stirring pin 1 is locked in the stirring pin sleeve 21, the port of the stirring pin sleeve 21 and the working end surface of the stirring pin 1 are arranged on the same plane, and the stirring pin 1 is made of polycrystalline cubic boron nitride; the external surface of the front part of the stirring sleeve 4 is provided with a stirring thread groove 41; the technical scheme reduces the cost of the traditional stirring pin 1, and has high temperature resistance, wear resistance, high strength, good dimensional stability and creep resistance; during friction stir welding, the screw stirring groove 41 stirs and plasticizes molten metal, and when the stirring head is removed from the surface of the weldment, the backfilling effect is better; is more suitable for the welding requirements among different metal materials.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic overall view of a friction stir spot welding stirring head for welding high melting point materials according to the present utility model;
FIG. 2 is an initial state view of a friction stir spot welding stirring head of the present utility model for welding high melting point materials;
FIG. 3 is a partial view of the structure of a friction stir spot welding stirring head of the present utility model for welding high melting point materials;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a pin configuration of a friction stir spot welding stirring head capable of welding high melting point materials according to the present utility model;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the position of a pin fixture nut of a friction stir spot welding stirring head capable of welding high melting point materials according to the present utility model;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a shaft sleeve connection of a friction stir spot welding stirring head capable of welding high melting point materials according to the utility model;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the positioning structure of a spindle union nut of a friction stir spot welding stirring head capable of welding high melting point materials according to the present utility model;
in the figure: the stirring pin 1, the fixing screw hole 11, the prism 12, the stirring pin body 2, the embedding part 21, the prismatic groove 211, the bolt through hole 212, the nut 22, the stirring pin fixing nut 3, the stirring sleeve 4, the stirring thread groove 41, the thread opening 42, the stepped convex spigot 43, the shaft sleeve connecting piece 5, the first concave spigot 51, the locking thread 52, the compression ring 6, the compression ring sleeve opening 61, the annular shoulder 62, the second concave spigot 63, the main shaft connecting nut 7, the fixing jackscrew 8, the stirring head cone 9 and the stepped shaft hole 91.
Description of the embodiments
Referring to fig. 1-7, a friction stir spot welding stirring head for welding high melting point materials, comprising: the stirring pin 1, the stirring pin body 2, the stirring sleeve 4, the compression ring 6 and the stirring head cone 9;
the stirring pin assembly comprises: a stirring pin 1, a stirring pin body 2 and a stirring pin fixing nut 3;
the stirring sleeve assembly comprises: a stirring sleeve 4 and a shaft sleeve connecting piece 5;
the stirring pin 1 is radially provided with a fixed screw hole 11, and one side of the axial end is provided with a prism 12;
the stirring pin 1 is made of Polycrystalline Cubic Boron Nitride (PCBN), and the Polycrystalline Cubic Boron Nitride (PCBN) has the characteristic of small friction coefficient, can reduce adhesion with a welded material, and further reduces main shaft power; the heat-conducting material has high heat transfer coefficient, can resist high temperature, reduces the temperature gradient of the end head, has high hardness and is wear-resistant; although its fracture toughness is lower, the polycrystalline structure can reduce its crack initiation rate;
the stirring pin body 2 is in a bolt rod shape, and the stirring pin sleeve 21 is made of Co-Al-W alloy material;
a stirring needle sleeve 21 is arranged at one side end part of the stirring needle body 2; the other end of the stirring pin body 2 is provided with a screw cap 22; the stirring pin sleeve 21 is internally provided with a prismatic groove 211; the stirring pin sleeve 21 is radially provided with a bolt through hole 212; the stirring pin 1 is embedded into the stirring pin sleeve 21; the prism 12 is in interference fit with the prism groove 211; the stirring pin 1 is in locking connection with the stirring pin body 2 through a fixed jackscrew 8; the port of the stirring pin sleeve 21 and the working end surface of the stirring pin 1 are arranged on the same plane;
one end of the nut 22 is connected with the stirring pin fixing nut 3; the stirring sleeve 4 is sleeved on the stirring pin body 2;
the stirring sleeve 4 both ends be equipped with respectively: a stirring thread groove 41 and a thread opening 42, wherein a stepped convex spigot 43 is arranged at the inner end of the thread opening 42;
the stirring sleeve 4 is made of tungsten-rhenium alloy, and a stirring thread groove 41 is formed in the outer surface of the front part of the stirring sleeve 4; a gap is arranged between the stirring sleeve 4 and the compression ring 6;
the tungsten-rhenium alloy is a solid solution strengthening alloy with a body-centered cube formed by dissolving rhenium in tungsten, and is used for manufacturing a stirring sleeve, so that not only can the excellent performances of high melting point, high strength and high hardness be utilized, but also the advantages of high plasticity, high recrystallization temperature and low ductile-brittle transition temperature in terms of impact resistance can be exerted, and the factors of cost expense, good processability and the like are taken into consideration for manufacturing the shaft sleeve; during friction stir welding, friction heat generated by friction is used for plasticizing the welded material; the stirring thread groove 41 is used for stirring and plasticizing molten metal, and pumping the molten metal into a gap between the stirring sleeve 4 and the compression ring 6 for stirring so that the stirring head is backfilled after being removed from the surface of the weldment;
the compression ring 6 is fixed on the stirring head cone 9; one side of the stirring sleeve 4 is provided with a shaft sleeve connecting piece 5; the shaft sleeve connecting piece 5 is in a sleeve shape; the main shaft connecting nut 7 is in locking connection with the stirring head conical body 9 through the shaft sleeve connecting piece 5;
one end of the shaft sleeve connecting piece 5 is provided with a first concave spigot 51 and locking threads 52; the shaft sleeve connecting piece 5 is connected with one side end part of the stirring sleeve 4; the threaded opening 42 is in locking connection with the locking thread 52; one side of the stepped male tang 43 is in close contact with the first female tang 51; the stirring pin fixing nut 3 is sleeved in the shaft sleeve connecting piece 5;
the compression ring 6 is sleeve-shaped, and a compression ring sleeve opening 61 is formed in the inner side of one side end part of the compression ring 6; the outer side of the middle part of the compression ring 6 is provided with a ring shoulder 62; the inner side of the other side end part of the compression ring 6 is provided with a second concave spigot 63; the annular shoulder 62 is fixedly connected with the front end of the stirring head conical body 9 through bolts;
the compression ring 6 is sleeved on the stirring sleeve 4; the other side of the stepped convex spigot 43 is tightly connected with the second concave spigot 63;
the stirring head cone 9 is internally provided with a stepped shaft hole 91, and the shaft sleeve connecting piece 5 is arranged in the stepped shaft hole 91;
the stirring pin is made of polycrystalline cubic boron nitride; friction stir welding is to generate a heat engine action between a stirring head and a welded material to form a joint; the stirring head directly bears heat load, force load and friction abrasion in the welding process; the stirring head can bear larger mechanical load, friction heat load and more serious abrasion in the friction stir welding process of the high-melting-point material, so that the requirements on the stirring head material are much more severe than those of the friction stir welding of the low-melting-point material; when welding low-melting-point materials such as aluminum, magnesium and the like, the stirring head material is made of tool steel. For high-melting-point materials such as steel and titanium, the highest temperature during welding is higher than l000 ℃, and the materials meeting the use requirements at the high temperature are often refractory metal alloys or structural ceramics; the following data are obtained by comparing stirring heads made of different materials:
Claims (9)
1. a friction stir spot welding stirring head for welding high melting point materials, comprising: the stirring pin comprises a stirring pin body (2), a stirring sleeve (4), a compression ring (6) and a stirring head cone (9); the stirring pin body (2), the stirring sleeve (4) and the compression ring (6) are sequentially sleeved from inside to outside, and the compression ring (6) is fixed on the stirring head conical body (9); the method is characterized in that: the front end of the stirring needle body (2) is provided with a stirring needle sleeve (21), the stirring needle (1) is locked in the stirring needle sleeve (21), the port of the stirring needle sleeve (21) and the working end surface of the stirring needle (1) are arranged on the same plane, and the stirring needle (1) is made of polycrystalline cubic boron nitride.
2. A friction stir spot welding head for weldable high melting point materials of claim 1 wherein: the stirring sleeve (4) is made of tungsten-rhenium alloy.
3. A friction stir spot welding stirring head for welding a high melting point material as set forth in claim 2 wherein: the stirring needle sleeve (21) is made of Co-Al-W alloy materials.
4. A friction stir spot welding stirring head for weldable high melting point materials according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein: the external surface of the front part of the stirring sleeve (4) is provided with a stirring thread groove (41).
5. A friction stir spot welding head for weldable high melting point materials of claim 4 wherein: the stirring needle sleeve (21) is arranged at one side end part of the stirring needle body (2); a screw cap (22) is arranged at the other end part of the stirring needle body (2); one end of the screw cap (22) is connected with the stirring pin fixing screw cap (3); a prismatic groove (211) is arranged in the stirring needle sleeve (21); the stirring pin sleeve (21) is radially provided with a bolt through hole (212); the stirring pin (1) is embedded into the stirring pin sleeve (21); the prism (12) is in interference fit with the prism groove (211); the stirring pin (1) is in locking connection with the stirring pin body (2) through a fixed jackscrew 8.
6. A friction stir spot welding head for weldable high melting point materials of claim 5 wherein: the compression ring (6) is fixed on the stirring head conical body (9); the main shaft connecting nut (7) is fixedly connected with the stirring head conical body (9) through the shaft sleeve connecting piece (5).
7. The friction stir spot welding stirring head of claim 6 wherein the high melting point material comprises: one end of the shaft sleeve connecting piece (5) is provided with a first concave spigot (51) and a locking thread (52); the other end part of the stirring sleeve (4) is provided with a threaded opening (42), and the inner end of the threaded opening (42) is provided with a stepped convex spigot (43); the thread opening (42) is in locking connection with the locking thread (52); one side of the stepped convex spigot (43) is in close contact with the first concave spigot (51); the stirring pin fixing nut (3) is sleeved in the shaft sleeve connecting piece (5).
8. The friction stir spot welding stirring head of claim 7 wherein: the compression ring (6) is sleeve-shaped, and a compression ring sleeve opening (61) is formed in the inner side of one side end part of the compression ring (6); the outer side of the middle part of the compression ring (6) is provided with a ring shoulder (62); the inner side of the end part of the other side of the compression ring (6) is provided with a second concave spigot (63); the compression ring (6) is sleeved on the stirring sleeve (4); the other side of the stepped convex spigot (43) is tightly connected with the second concave spigot (63); the annular shoulder (62) is fixedly connected with the front end of the stirring head conical body (9) through bolts.
9. A friction stir spot welding stirring head for weldable high melting point materials according to claim 5, 6, 7 or 8, wherein: a gap is arranged between the inside of the pipe body of the compression ring (6) and the stirring sleeve (4).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202221644004.XU CN219254468U (en) | 2022-06-29 | 2022-06-29 | Friction stir spot welding stirring head capable of welding high-melting-point materials |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202221644004.XU CN219254468U (en) | 2022-06-29 | 2022-06-29 | Friction stir spot welding stirring head capable of welding high-melting-point materials |
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