CN219246695U - Photovoltaic module - Google Patents

Abstract

The embodiment of the application provides a photovoltaic module, which relates to the field of solar cells. The photovoltaic module comprises a front plate, a first packaging film layer, a battery pack, a second packaging film layer and a reflecting back plate, wherein the front plate, the first packaging film layer, the battery pack, the second packaging film layer and the reflecting back plate are sequentially overlapped from top to bottom, the battery pack comprises a plurality of battery pieces, all the battery pieces are positioned in the same plane and are arranged at intervals, and bus bars for electric connection are arranged in interval areas between the adjacent battery pieces; a first black adhesive film layer for covering the bus bars is arranged at the position, far away from the surface of the battery piece, of the bus bars in the corresponding interval zone; the second black adhesive film layer used for covering the spacing area is arranged at the position, close to the surface of the reflection backboard, of the second packaging film layer corresponding to the spacing area. The photovoltaic module in the embodiment of the application can improve the absorptivity of sunlight, so that the power and the generating capacity of the whole photovoltaic module are improved.

Description

Photovoltaic module

Technical Field

The application relates to the field of solar cells, in particular to a photovoltaic module.

Background

The battery piece can convert light energy into electric energy, and in actual use, the battery pieces are electrically connected and then packaged into a photovoltaic module, so that the battery piece can generate electricity and the battery piece can be protected.

For example, in the existing black photovoltaic module, a plurality of multi-main-grid single-sided battery pieces are electrically connected by adopting a silver bus bar, then the silver bus bar is covered by using black glazed glass or black EPE (Expandable Polyethyle ne, expandable polystyrene), and meanwhile, a black backboard is used on the back of the single-sided battery, so that the battery pieces can be packaged and protected, the silver bus bar can be ensured not to reflect sunlight, light pollution can be reduced, and the attractive effect of the photovoltaic module can be increased. However, the black backboard can absorb incident light, sunlight is difficult to reflect, and therefore the battery piece cannot absorb reflected sunlight, and the black photovoltaic module is low in power and generating capacity.

Disclosure of Invention

An object of the embodiment of the application is to provide a photovoltaic module, and the absorption rate of a battery piece in the photovoltaic module to sunlight can be obviously improved, so that the power and the generated energy of the whole photovoltaic module are improved.

In a first aspect, the photovoltaic module in the embodiment of the present application includes a front plate, a first packaging film layer, a battery pack, a second packaging film layer and a reflective back plate for reflecting sunlight, which are sequentially stacked from top to bottom, where the battery pack includes a plurality of battery pieces, all of the battery pieces are in the same plane and are arranged at intervals, and bus bars for electrical connection are arranged in interval areas between adjacent battery pieces; a first black adhesive film layer for covering the bus bars is arranged at the position, far away from the surface of the battery piece, of the bus bars in the corresponding interval zone; and a second black adhesive film layer for covering the spacing region is arranged on the second packaging film layer near the position of the surface of the reflection backboard corresponding to the spacing region.

In the implementation process, when the photovoltaic module works, sunlight irradiates the battery pack through the front plate and the first packaging film layer, each battery piece in the battery pack can convert light energy into electric energy, and adjacent battery pieces are electrically connected through the bus bar, so that the power output of the battery pack can be increased, and the generated energy is improved; in addition, a small amount of sunlight penetrates through the battery pack and the second packaging film layer to irradiate the reflecting backboard, at the moment, the reflecting backboard can reflect the sunlight, the reflected sunlight can be absorbed by the battery piece, and therefore the absorption rate of the battery piece to the sunlight can be improved, and the power and the generating capacity of the whole photovoltaic module are improved. In this application embodiment, moreover, first black glued membrane layer and second black glued membrane layer can play the effect of sheltering from the busbar, can reduce the light pollution that the busbar caused, also can increase photovoltaic module's pleasing to the eye effect simultaneously. In addition, the first packaging film layer and the second packaging film layer which are overlapped on the upper surface and the lower surface of the battery pack can play a role in sealing, and the corrosion effect of substances such as water vapor on the battery pack is reduced.

In addition, the front plate can provide mounting sites for the first packaging film layer and the first black adhesive film layer, and also can play a role in protection, so that the phenomenon that the battery piece is damaged due to the action of external force is reduced; meanwhile, the front plate can not block sunlight from entering the surface of the battery pack, and the output power of the battery pack can not be influenced.

In combination with the first aspect, in an alternative embodiment of the present application, all the battery pieces are arranged in a linear manner along the length direction and the width direction of the battery pack, respectively.

The battery pieces are arranged in rows, so that the space can be fully utilized, and the absorbance of the battery pack in unit area can be improved.

With reference to the first aspect, in an optional embodiment of the present application, a bus bar is disposed between adjacent battery pieces in the length direction.

The bus bars are arranged between adjacent battery pieces in the length direction, so that the space of the battery pack can be more fully utilized, and the absorbance of the battery pack in unit area can be improved as much as possible.

With reference to the first aspect, in an optional embodiment of the present application, a distance between adjacent battery slices in a length direction is a first distance; in the width direction, the distance between adjacent battery pieces is a second distance, and the first distance is larger than the second distance.

With reference to the first aspect, in an alternative embodiment of the present application, the first distance and/or the second distance ranges from 0.5mm to 8mm.

With reference to the first aspect, in an alternative embodiment of the present application, the reflective back plate includes a substrate and a reflective layer, where the reflective layer is close to the second packaging film layer, and the reflectivity of the reflective layer is > 80%.

By providing the reflective layer on the substrate, sunlight incident on the reflective back plate can be reflected well.

With reference to the first aspect, in an optional embodiment of the present application, the first packaging film layer and/or the second packaging film layer is a transparent film with a light transmittance > 90%.

When the light transmittance of the first packaging film layer and the light transmittance of the second packaging film layer are kept to be more than 90%, the output power of the battery pack is not basically adversely affected.

With reference to the first aspect, in an optional embodiment of the present application, the thickness of the first black adhesive film layer and/or the second black adhesive film layer is 0.1 to 5mm.

The first black adhesive film layer and the second black adhesive film layer are arranged in a proper range, so that light pollution caused by the bus bar can be reduced, and the integral sealing performance of the photovoltaic module can not be influenced.

In combination with the first aspect, in an optional embodiment of the present application, a material of the first black adhesive film layer is the same as a material of the second black adhesive film layer, and a material of the first black adhesive film layer is one of EVA, POE, PV B or ionomer.

The material of the first black adhesive film layer is the same as that of the second black adhesive film layer, so that the photovoltaic module cannot generate chromatic aberration, and the attractive appearance of the photovoltaic module is improved.

In an alternative embodiment of the present application, in combination with the first aspect, the front plate has a thickness of 1.0 to 5.0mm.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be considered limiting the scope, and that other related drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of positions of a battery pack and a first black adhesive film layer and a second black adhesive film layer in an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure at A-A' in FIG. 2;

fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a second packaging film layer and a second black adhesive film layer according to an embodiment of the present application.

Icon: 001-photovoltaic module; 100-front plate; 200-a first black adhesive film layer; 300-a first packaging film layer; 400-battery pack; 410-battery piece; 420-spacers; 430-bus bar; 500-a second encapsulation film layer; 600-a second black glue film layer; 700-a reflective back plate; 710-a substrate; 720-a reflective layer.

Detailed Description

Embodiments of the technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for more clearly illustrating the technical solutions of the present application, and thus are only examples, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present application.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs; the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application; the terms "comprising" and "having" and any variations thereof in the description of the present application and in the description of the drawings above are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.

In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the technical terms "first," "second," etc. are used merely to distinguish between different objects and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated, a particular order or a primary or secondary relationship. In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more unless explicitly defined otherwise.

Reference herein to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearances of such phrases in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. Those of skill in the art will explicitly and implicitly appreciate that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the technical terms "middle", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "inner", etc. are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are merely for convenience of describing the embodiments of the present application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the apparatus or element being referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present application.

In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "connected," "fixed" and the like are to be construed broadly and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; or may be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communicated with the inside of two elements or the interaction relationship of the two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of the present application will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.

The photovoltaic module generally uses silver bus bars to electrically connect a plurality of battery pieces, and then uses a dark (e.g. black or blue) packaging material to package the plurality of battery pieces, so as to increase the output power of the battery.

Because the bus bar can reflect sunlight to form light pollution, and the silver bus bar can influence the aesthetic feeling of dark packaging materials, in the prior art, a plurality of dark components can be arranged in the photovoltaic component to shield the bus bar. However, the absorbance of the battery sheet is easily affected, and the power generation amount of the photovoltaic module are reduced.

Therefore, the application provides a photovoltaic module, which can reduce the light pollution of the bus bar, increase the beautiful effect of the photovoltaic module and can not influence the power and the generated energy of the photovoltaic module. In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application.

First embodiment

The application provides a photovoltaic module 001, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram thereof, and from top to bottom includes a front plate 100, a first black adhesive film layer 200, a first packaging film layer 300, a battery pack 400, a second packaging film layer 500, a second black adhesive film layer 600, and a reflective back plate 700, which are sequentially stacked.

In the photovoltaic module 001, most important is the portion of the battery pack 400, which is formed by electrically connecting a plurality of the battery pieces 410 in the same plane ("a plurality of" means not less than two), each of the adjacent battery pieces 410 is electrically connected by the bus bar 430, and each of the adjacent battery pieces 410 is not in contact with each other, but a portion of a gap, that is, the spacer 420, is left, and the bus bar 430 is located in the spacer 420. When the solar light irradiates the surface of the battery pack 400, each of the battery cells 410 converts light energy into electric energy, and then the electric energy of each of the battery cells 410 is collected through the bus bar 430, and then current is output to the outside.

As an example, in the present embodiment, the number of the battery cells 410 in the battery pack 400 is six, and the six battery cells 410 are arranged in rows along the length direction and the width direction of the battery pack 400, respectively, wherein each row has three battery cells 410 in the length direction and two battery cells 410 in the width direction. This makes full use of space, improves absorbance per unit area of the battery pack 400 to the greatest extent, and facilitates placement of the bus bars 430, the bus bars 430 in this embodiment being between adjacent cells 410 in the length direction. In addition, the distance between adjacent battery pieces 410 in the length direction is referred to as a first distance; the distance between adjacent battery pieces 410 in the width direction is a second distance, the first distance is greater than the second distance, and the first distance is greater than the second distance so that the bus bar 430 can be placed. The first distance and the second distance are usually in the range of 0.5mm to 8mm, and specifically may be 0.6mm, 0.8mm, 1mm, 2mm, 4mm, 6mm, 7mm, etc. As an example, in the present embodiment, the first distance is 4mm and the second distance is 2mm.

In the present embodiment, the front plate 100 can protect the battery pack 400, and reduce the damage of the battery piece 410 caused by external force; meanwhile, the front plate 100 does not block sunlight from entering the surface of the battery pack 400, and does not affect the output power of the battery pack 400, and the front plate 100 is usually made of ultra-white photovoltaic coated glass, for example, ultra-white embossed glass or ultra-white float glass, and in this embodiment, the front plate 100 is made of ultra-white embossed glass.

The thickness of the front plate 100 is generally 1.0 to 5.0mm, and specifically may be 1.0mm, 2.0mm, 3.0mm, 4.0mm, 5.0mm, etc. In this case, the front plate 100 has a sufficient thickness to protect the battery pack 400, and at the same time, does not block incident sunlight, and the surface of the battery pack 400 receives a sufficient amount of sunlight, and the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module 001 is not affected. As an example, the front plate 100 in the present embodiment has a thickness of 3mm.

In addition, the front plate 100 may also provide mounting locations for the first encapsulation film 300 and the first black glue film 200. In particular, in this embodiment, when the photovoltaic module 001 is manufactured, the first black adhesive film layer 200 is thermally applied to the backlight surface of the glass by a film-sticking machine, and the application temperature is controlled within the range of 60-100 ℃.

In this embodiment, the first black adhesive film 200 is used for covering the bus bar 430, and its projection on the battery pack 400 overlaps the bus bar 430 or is slightly larger than the bus bar 430, so that the bus bar 430 is not easy to form light pollution, and the aesthetic degree of the photovoltaic module 001 can be improved. Moreover, due to process limitations, the projection of the first black glue film layer 200 cannot be completely overlapped with the bus bar 430, and is generally 1-5 mm wider and 1-10 mm longer than the bus bar 430.

The thickness of the first black adhesive film layer 200 is generally in the range of 0.1-5 mm, and the material is generally one of EVA, POE, PVB or ionomer. As an example, the thickness of the first black adhesive film layer 200 in this embodiment is 2mm, and the material is EVA.

In this embodiment, the first packaging film 300 can play a role in sealing, reducing the corrosion of substances such as water vapor to the battery pack 400, and it is required to have good light transmittance, so the first packaging film 300 is generally a UV (Ultraviolet) transparent film with a transmittance of more than 90%, and the material can be one of EVA, POE, PVB or ionomer.

Specifically, in the embodiment of the present application, the transmittance of the first packaging film 300 is 95%, and the material is EVA.

Similarly, in this embodiment, the second packaging film 500 also serves as a seal to reduce the corrosion of the battery 400 caused by moisture and other substances. In addition, in order to enhance the absorbance of the battery pack 400, the second encapsulation film 500 also has a good light transmittance, so that when sunlight is reflected by the reflective back plate 700, the second encapsulation film 500 does not block the passage of the reflected sunlight, and thus the parameters of the second encapsulation film 500 are generally the same as those of the first encapsulation film 300.

Specifically, in the embodiment of the present application, the transmittance of the second packaging film 500 is 95%, and the material is EVA.

Referring to fig. 2 and 3, in the present embodiment, the second black adhesive film layer 600 is used for covering the spacer 420, and the projection of the second black adhesive film layer on the battery pack 400 overlaps with the spacer 420 or is slightly larger than the spacer 420, so that the bus bar 430 can be shielded, and light pollution is not easy to be formed, and meanwhile, the second black adhesive film layer can be matched with the first black adhesive film layer 200, so as to jointly improve the aesthetic degree of the photovoltaic module 001. Since the position of the second black adhesive film layer 600 is located at the rear surface of the battery pack 400, sunlight tends to be irradiated from the front surface of the battery pack 400 to the surface of the battery pack 400; the position of the second black adhesive film layer 600 determines that it does not block the incident light from entering the surface of the battery pack 400, but only blocks the sunlight reflected by the reflective back plate 700 from entering the surface of the battery pack 400. However, the energy of the reflected light is much smaller than that of the incident light, so that the projection area of the second black adhesive film layer 600 on the battery pack 400 is larger than that of the first black adhesive film layer 200 on the battery pack 400, and thus the effect on the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery pack 400 can be minimized.

Similarly, the thickness of the second black adhesive film layer 600 in this embodiment is 0.1-5 mm, specifically, may be 0.1mm, 0.5mm, 1mm, 2mm, 4mm, and the like, and is one of EVA, POE, PVB, or ionomer. As an example, the thickness of the second black adhesive film layer 600 in the present embodiment is 2mm, and the material is EVA, so that the second black adhesive film layer 600 is not easy to generate chromatic aberration with the first black adhesive film layer 200. Although the second black adhesive film 600 is located below the second encapsulation film 500, the second black adhesive film 600 can be easily observed through the second encapsulation film 500 even when seen from the top down because the transmittance of the second encapsulation film 500 is high (see fig. 4 in particular).

In this embodiment, the reflective back plate 700 includes a substrate 710 and a reflective layer 720, the reflective layer 720 is close to the second packaging film 500, the reflectivity of the reflective layer 720 is greater than 80%, and the water vapor transmittance is less than 2.0 g/(m) ² * 24h) The structure of the reflective layer 720 on the substrate 710 is similar to that of a mirror, and can well reflect sunlight, greatly increase the absorbance of the battery pack 400, and the reflective back plate 700 may be one of those of KPC, PPF, TPT, CPC. Wherein the KPC structure is a structure with a film on one side and a fluorine paint on one side, and the PPF structure is a weather-proof PET (Polyet hylene Terephth)alate) layer, a water-alkali resistant PET layer, and a fluorine coating layer, wherein "PP" represents two PET layers, "F" represents a fluorine coating layer, the TPT structure means that the material of the reflective layer 720 is a T film (PVF film, trademark is Tedlar, short for T film, dupont, usa), and the CPC structure means that the material of the reflective layer 720 is a fluorine resin coating. Illustratively, the reflective back panel 700 in this embodiment has a structure of KPC, a reflectance of 85%, and a water vapor transmission rate of 1.5 g/(m) ² *24h)。

In addition, in the present embodiment, the cell 410 is a Super Multi-main grid cell (SMBB, super Multi-bus) high-efficiency cell 410 (the number of main grids is generally not less than 9), and the type may be one of PERC (Passivated Emitter and Rear Cell, passivation emitter and rear contact cell 410), TOPCon (Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact solar cell, tunneling oxide passivation contact solar cell), HJT (Heterojunction with Intrinsic Thin La yer, silicon heterojunction cell 410); in particular, in the present embodiment, the type of the battery piece 410 is TOPCon. The dimensions of the battery piece 410 are 156mm x 156mm, although larger; the cell 410 has a light-facing visible light reflectance of < 5% and a thickness of 100um to 180 um, specifically 140 um in this embodiment. The diameter of the circular grid line on the surface of the battery piece 410 is 0.1-0.5 mm, and in this embodiment, the diameter of the circular grid line is 0.3mm. Such a battery piece 410 has a dark appearance and can be well matched with the first black adhesive film layer 200 and the second black adhesive film layer 600.

In this embodiment, the expression "black adhesive film layer" does not represent the color of the adhesive film layer, which indicates that the absorbance of the film layer is greater than 80%, and when the absorbance is satisfied, the film layer is the "black adhesive film layer", the color is not only black, but also deep blue, etc., and the darkness can be measured by a darkness meter. In contrast, when the light transmittance of the film layer is greater than 90%, the film layer can be regarded as a transparent film layer.

Before the above-mentioned photovoltaic module 001 is used, a black aluminum frame is further disposed at the edge of the photovoltaic module 001 for fixing each layer structure, and the blackness difference between the black aluminum frame and the battery piece 410 is less than 5.

The photovoltaic module 001 of the embodiment of the present application, when in operation, specifically undergoes the following processes:

sunlight is incident from the front side of the photovoltaic module 001 (i.e., the front side of the battery sheet 410) and then passes through the front plate 100 and the first encapsulation film 300, but sunlight cannot pass through the first black glue film 200. Therefore, in the battery pack 400, only the battery sheet 410 receives the sunlight incident from the front, the bus bar 430 under the first black gel film layer 200 does not receive the sunlight, and thus the bus bar 430 does not reflect the sunlight, so that the bus bar 430 is not easy to cause light pollution, and the aesthetic effect of the photovoltaic module 001 can be increased.

In addition, some sunlight passes through the battery pack 400 and the second packaging film 500 to reach the surface of the reflective back plate 700, and the reflective back plate 700 reflects the sunlight to the back surface of the battery pack 400, so that the battery sheet 410 can absorb the reflected sunlight again. In addition, the second black adhesive film layer 600 also plays a role of shielding sunlight, and ensures that reflected sunlight does not irradiate the bus bar 430.

Each of the battery cells 410 can receive the direct incident and reflected sunlight to the maximum extent in the entire battery pack 400, and the bus bars 430 can receive substantially no direct incident and reflected sunlight. Therefore, the photovoltaic module 001 of the embodiment of the present application can reduce the light pollution of the bus bar 430, increase the aesthetic effect of the photovoltaic module 001, and does not affect the power and the power generation amount of the photovoltaic module 001.

The above is only an example of the present application, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present application, and various modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims (10)

1. The photovoltaic module is characterized by comprising a front plate, a first packaging film layer, a battery pack, a second packaging film layer and a reflecting back plate, wherein the front plate, the first packaging film layer, the battery pack, the second packaging film layer and the reflecting back plate are sequentially overlapped from top to bottom, the battery pack comprises a plurality of battery pieces, all the battery pieces are positioned in the same plane and are arranged at intervals, and bus bars for electric connection are arranged in interval areas between the adjacent battery pieces;

a first black adhesive film layer for covering the bus bars is arranged at the position, far away from the bus bars in the corresponding interval region, of the surface of the battery piece, of the first packaging film layer; and a second black adhesive film layer for covering the spacing region is arranged on the second packaging film layer close to the position, corresponding to the spacing region, of the surface of the reflection backboard.

2. The photovoltaic module of claim 1, wherein all of the cells are arranged in a linear pattern along the length and width directions of the battery, respectively.

3. The photovoltaic module according to claim 2, wherein the bus bar is provided between adjacent ones of the battery pieces in the longitudinal direction.

4. The photovoltaic module according to claim 2, wherein a distance between the adjacent cell pieces in the length direction is larger than a distance between the adjacent cell pieces in the width direction.

5. The photovoltaic module of claim 4, wherein a distance between adjacent ones of the cells is 0.5mm to 8mm.

6. The photovoltaic module of claim 1, wherein the reflective backsheet comprises a substrate and a reflective layer, the reflective layer is proximate the second encapsulant film layer, and the reflective layer has a reflectivity of > 80%.

7. The photovoltaic module of claim 1, wherein the first and/or second encapsulant film layers are transparent films having a light transmittance of > 90%.

8. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the first black glue film layer and/or the second black glue film layer is 0.1-5 mm.

9. The photovoltaic module of claim 8, wherein the first black adhesive film layer is made of the same material as the second black adhesive film layer, and the first black adhesive film layer is made of one of EVA, POE, PVB or an ionomer.

10. The photovoltaic module of claim 1, wherein the front sheet has a thickness of 1.0 to 5.0mm.

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