CN219200501U

CN219200501U - Safety early warning device based on multiple physical parameters for intelligent early warning security of energy storage system

Info

Publication number: CN219200501U
Application number: CN202320236285.3U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨超; 闫乐山; 杨梓墨
Original assignee: Jintianhong Energy Technology Beijing Co ltd
Current assignee: Jintianhong Energy Technology Beijing Co ltd
Priority date: 2023-02-17
Filing date: 2023-02-17
Publication date: 2023-06-16
Anticipated expiration: 2033-02-17

Abstract

A safety precaution device based on many physical parameters for energy storage system intelligent precaution security protection belongs to safety precaution device technical field, especially relates to a safety precaution device based on many physical parameters for energy storage system intelligent precaution security protection. The utility model provides a safety early warning device based on multiple physical parameters for intelligent early warning security of an energy storage system. The utility model comprises an environment parameter monitoring sensor, a central controller, an environment parameter monitoring sensor power supply part, an environment parameter monitoring sensor power supply control part, a data transmission part and a data transmission power supply part, and is characterized in that a detection signal input port of the central controller is connected with a detection signal output port of the environment parameter monitoring sensor, and an electric energy output port of the environment parameter monitoring sensor power supply part is connected with a power supply port of the environment parameter monitoring sensor through the environment parameter monitoring sensor power supply control part.

Description

Safety early warning device based on multiple physical parameters for intelligent early warning security of energy storage system

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of safety early warning devices, and particularly relates to a safety early warning device based on multiple physical parameters for intelligent early warning and security of an energy storage system.

Background

The energy storage mainly comprises the storage of energy such as heat energy, kinetic energy, electric energy, electromagnetic energy, chemical energy and the like, is a key ring of energy transformation and electric power transformation, is a safe, efficient and economic electrochemical energy storage system, is widely suitable for the fields of power generation, power grids and electricity consumption, and is assisted to optimize an energy structure, strengthen the safety of an electric power system and reduce the use cost of energy.

The energy storage system provides storage and output management for the power generation side, and the electrochemical energy storage technology and the renewable energy power generation technology form a combined system. The energy storage system provides intelligent load management for the power transmission and distribution side, and timely peak regulation and frequency modulation are performed according to the load condition of the power grid. The energy storage system provides peak valley fill mode and stable power quality management for the user.

The lithium ion battery has the advantages of high energy density, long cycle life, small self-discharge rate, no memory effect, green environmental protection and the like, and has wide application prospect in the energy storage field. At present, lithium ion battery technology is important to different types of lithium cobaltate, lithium manganate, lithium iron phosphate, lithium titanate and the like, and is widely applied.

Lithium ion batteries are widely applied to the energy storage field at present, however, the frequent occurrence of fire explosion accidents of energy storage power stations brings great attention to the safety of electrochemical energy storage power stations. The lithium ion battery is an energy carrier of the electric energy of the energy storage power station, the components of an electrode system of the lithium ion battery have high thermal runaway risk, and the thermal runaway risk is aggravated after the lithium ion battery is packaged into the battery. In 2021, 4 months, an explosion accident occurs in the energy storage power station in Beijing Fengtai district, and two firefighters die, so that the public worry about the application prospect of the energy storage power station, and in recent years, a plurality of energy storage power station fire explosion accidents occur globally.

The fire explosion accident of the lithium ion battery of the energy storage power station mainly comprises the steps that after thermal runaway occurs in a battery monomer, the battery fires and burns, the thermal runaway is further expanded to an adjacent battery, so that a large-scale fire disaster is formed, and when gas is accumulated to a certain degree in a limited space, an ignition source is encountered, and explosion occurs. Although lithium ion batteries present a risk of self-induced internal shorting leading to thermal runaway, the probability is very low, only one part per million. Thermal runaway is generally thought to be caused under externally induced conditions such as thermal abuse, electrical abuse, mechanical abuse. When the lithium ion battery of the energy storage power station is in thermal runaway, the thermal runaway is spread among the batteries, and the large-scale battery combustion is further initiated.

The lithium ion battery clusters of the energy storage power station are tightly arranged in a single prefabricated storage room, the batteries in the battery clusters are highly dense, the situation of thermal runaway expansion and spreading is easily formed, heat is difficult to dissipate, and heat and combustible gas can be slowly accumulated; if the combustible gas is accumulated in a limited space after being diffused and moved, the explosion is more likely to occur after the ignition is delayed.

At present, the thermal runaway mechanism and the evolution process are studied deeply, and the monitoring and early warning technology of the lithium ion battery of the energy storage power station still has a plurality of problems to be solved. For example, the thermal runaway characteristic of the lithium ion battery of the energy storage power station and the evolution process rule technology are researched, and the thermal runaway evolution process of the lithium ion battery of the energy storage power station under the external abuse condition can be divided into 3 stages and 6 processes. The 3 stages are early thermal runaway, occurrence of thermal runaway and early fire. The 6 processes are exothermic, gas production, pressurization, smoke spraying, fire burning and gas explosion. The stages of the whole evolution process are not independent, but the chemical reactions are overlapped and crossed. The reliable and advanced monitoring and early warning, restraining, fire extinguishing and explosion suppression technology can be obtained only by deeply understanding the thermal runaway characteristic and the evolution process of the lithium battery.

At present, in the aspect of monitoring and early warning of an energy storage power station, the early warning effect of taking a voltage signal, a temperature signal and a smoke alarm signal as monitoring signals is poor, and the end period of thermal runaway is reached when the thermal runaway early warning is sent out. The whole thermal runaway process monitoring and early warning technology based on multi-parameter coupling with multi-physical 8-parameter data fusion is required to be constructed, rapid and accurate early warning is carried out at the initial stage of thermal runaway, and corresponding accident handling measures such as thermal management at the early stage of thermal runaway, power-off cooling and suppression at the occurrence stage of thermal runaway and fire extinguishing at the initial stage of fire are provided according to early warning results. Avoiding larger safety accidents caused by thermal runaway.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems, the utility model provides a safety early warning device based on multiple physical parameters for intelligent early warning and security of an energy storage system.

In order to achieve the purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme that the environment parameter monitoring sensor comprises an environment parameter monitoring sensor, a central controller, an environment parameter monitoring sensor power supply part, an environment parameter monitoring sensor power supply control part, a data transmission part and a data transmission power supply part, and is characterized in that a detection signal input port of the central controller is connected with a detection signal output port of the environment parameter monitoring sensor, an electric energy output port of the environment parameter monitoring sensor power supply part is connected with a power supply port of the environment parameter monitoring sensor through the environment parameter monitoring sensor power supply control part, and a data transmission port of the data transmission part is connected with a data transmission port of the central controller; the environmental parameter monitoring sensor comprises a temperature and humidity sensor, a vibration acceleration sensor, an air pressure sensor, a VOC sensor, a CO2 sensor and a CO sensor.

As a preferred embodiment, the air pressure sensor according to the present utility model employs a MEMS air pressure sensor.

As another preferable scheme, the central controller adopts GD32C103CBT6 chip U1, pins 10-17 of U1 are respectively connected with GM_ADC1, GM_ADC2, USART1_TX, USART1_RX, SPI0_NSS, SPI0_SCK, SPI0_MISO and SPI0_MOSI, pins 29-38 of U1 are respectively connected with TJ_SET, USART0_TX, USART0_RX, RX_SET and TX_ SET, NLSWDCLK, NLSWDIO, V5_EN, pins 5 of U1 are respectively connected with one end of a resistor R8, one end of a crystal oscillator Y1 and one end of a capacitor C1, the other end of C1 is respectively connected with one end of a capacitor C2, the other end of C2 is respectively connected with the other end of Y1, the other end of R8 and the 6 pins of U1, the pin 44 of U1 is respectively connected with one end of a resistor R10 and one end of a capacitor C5 through a resistor R9, the other end of R10 is connected with V3.3 and the other end of C5 is connected with GND;

the pin 3 of the U1 is respectively connected with one end of the crystal oscillator Y2 and one end of the capacitor C3, the other end of the Y2 is respectively connected with the pin 4 of the U1 and one end of the capacitor C4, and the other end of the C4 is respectively connected with the other ends of the GND and the C3;

the pin 21 of U1 is connected with V3.3 and one end of a resistor R7 through a resistor R6, and the other end of R7 is connected with the pin 22 of U1;

the pin 42 of U1 is connected with V3.3 and one end of resistor R5 through resistor R4, the other end of R5 is connected with pin 43 of U1;

the 18 pin of U1 is connected with V3.3 and one end of resistor R2 through resistor R1, the other end of R2 is connected with 19 pin of U1;

the pin 40 of U1 is connected with V3.3 through a resistor R3 and an indicator light D1 in sequence;

the 1, 2, 5 and 6 pins of the W25Q64 JVHXGIQ chip U2 are respectively connected with the SPI0_NSS, the SPI0_MISO, the SPI0_MOSI and the SPI0_SCK correspondingly.

As another preferred scheme, the data transmission ports of the temperature and humidity sensor U3 are respectively and correspondingly connected with the aht_scl and the aht_sda, the data transmission port of the VOC sensor U4 is connected with the gm_adc1, the data transmission ports of the air pressure sensor U6 are respectively and correspondingly connected with the qma_sda, the qma_scl, the qma_t1 and the qma_t2, the data transmission port of the CO sensor U5 is connected with the gm_adc2, the data transmission port of the vibration acceleration sensor U8 is respectively and correspondingly connected with the dsp_scl, the dsp_sda and the dsp_ti, and the data transmission port of the CO2 sensor U7 is respectively and correspondingly connected with the mh_rx and the mh_tx.

As another preferable scheme, the power supply part of the environmental parameter monitoring sensor comprises an RT9193-25GB chip U11 and an ME6211C33M5G chip U12, wherein the 1 pin of U11 is connected with V5, the 3 pin of U11 is connected with RT_EN, and the 5 pin of U11 is connected with V2.5;

pin 1 of U12 is connected to pin V5, pin 5 of U12 is connected to pin V3.3.

As another preferable scheme, the power supply control part of the environmental parameter monitoring sensor comprises an AO3400A tube Q3, an AO3400A tube Q4, an AO3401A tube Q1 and an AO3401A tube Q2, wherein the grid of the Q3 is connected with v5_en through a resistor R22, the source electrode of the Q3 is connected with GND, the drain electrode of the Q3 is connected with the grid of the Q1, the drain electrode of the Q1 is connected with vo_5, and the source electrode of the Q1 is connected with V5;

the gate of Q4 is connected with V3_EN through a resistor R23, the source of Q4 is connected with GND, the drain of Q4 is connected with the gate of Q2, the drain of Q2 is connected with VO_5, and the source of Q2 is connected with V3.3.

As another preferred solution, the data transmission part of the present utility model includes SN74LVC1G3157DBVR chip U13, SN74LVC1G3157DBVR chip U14, MAX13487eesa+ chip U9, and JA1050 chip U10, 1 pin tj_rx of U13, 3 pin m_rx of U13, 4 pin m_rx of U13, and 6 pin rx_set of U13;

1 pin of U14 is connected with TJ_TX, 3 pin of U14 is connected with M_TX, 4 pin of U14 is connected with M_TX, and 6 pin of U14 is connected with TX_SET;

the 1 pin of U9 is connected with M_RX through a resistor R75, the 4 pin of U9 is connected with M_TX through a resistor R76, the 7 pin of U9 is connected with RS485B through a fuse F1, and the 6 pin of U9 is connected with RS485A through a fuse F2;

the 1 foot of U10 connects M_CAN_T through resistance R81, the 4 foot of U10 connects M_CAN_R through resistance R83, the 7 foot of U10 connects ZJYS51R5-2PT-01 common mode filter L3 1 foot, L3's 2 foot connects U10's 6 foot, L3's 1 foot connects PESD1CAN transient suppression diode array D18's 1 foot, D18's 2 foot connects L3's 2 foot, D18's 3 foot connects GND, L3's 4 foot connects CAN_H, L3's 3 foot connects BF091M between CAN_L and CAN_H.

As another preferable scheme, the data transmission power supply part comprises a TPS54202DDCR chip U16 and a TJA1021T chip U15, wherein the 2 pin of the U16 is connected with a V5 through an inductor L1, the 3 pin of the U16 is connected with a DV12, the 4 pin of the U16 is respectively connected with one end of a resistor R36 and one end of a resistor R34, the other end of the R36 is connected with GND, and the other end of the R34 is connected with a V5 through a resistor R32; the pin 5 of the U16 is respectively connected with one end of a resistor R35 and one end of a resistor R33, the other end of the resistor R35 is connected with GND, and the other end of the resistor R33 is connected with DV12; DV12 is connected with V12 through a diode D5 and a fuse F3 in sequence;

the 1 pin of the U15 is connected with TJ_RX through a resistor R28, the 2 pin of the U15 is connected with TJ_SET through a resistor R29, the 3 pin of the U15 is respectively connected with one end of a resistor R27 and one end of a resistor R30, the other end of the R30 is connected with GND, and the other end of the R27 is connected with VBT; the 6 pin of U15 links to each other with C_LIN, resistance R26 one end respectively, and the 8 pin of U15 is connected through diode D2 to the R26 other end, and the 7 pin of U15 links to each other with VBT, diode D3 negative pole respectively, and D3 positive pole connects VBAT.

As another preferable scheme, the central controller and the environmental parameter monitoring sensor are welded on the PCBA circuit board, the PCBA circuit board is arranged in the shell, a buffer installation part is arranged between the PCBA circuit board and the inner wall of the shell, a buffer layer is arranged at the bottom of the PCBA circuit board, and a buffer material is filled between the bottom of the PCBA circuit board and the bottom plate of the shell.

Secondly, the sampling period of the signal of the central controller collecting environmental parameter monitoring sensor is 0.5 s-10 s.

In addition, the sampling period of the signal of the central controller collecting environmental parameter monitoring sensor is 0.5 s-1 s.

The utility model has the beneficial effects that.

According to the utility model, eight physical environment parameters (air density, temperature, humidity, vibration acceleration, air pressure, VOC concentration, CO2 concentration and CO concentration) in the battery module are measured through the sensor, the air density can be obtained by combining the detected temperature, air pressure and humidity with the conventional air density calculation formula), and the monitoring and early warning are more accurate.

The utility model can send out early warning information at the initial stage of thermal runaway, because the air pressure sensor, the VOC sensor, the CO2 sensor and the CO sensor detect the air pressure and the air parameters of the environment where the battery module is positioned, the change of the air pressure and the air parameters can be detected at the initial stage of thermal runaway, and compared with the prior art which can send out early warning signals in advance by a voltage signal detection mode (the voltage signal detection mode can only send out early warning at the tail stage of thermal runaway).

Drawings

The utility model is further described below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description. The scope of the present utility model is not limited to the following description.

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the central controller circuit of the present utility model.

FIG. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of a portion of an environmental parameter monitoring sensor of the present utility model.

Fig. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of a data transmission portion of the present utility model.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a circuit board structure of the PCBA of the present utility model.

Detailed Description

As shown in the figure, the environment parameter monitoring system comprises an environment parameter monitoring sensor, a central controller, an environment parameter monitoring sensor power supply part, an environment parameter monitoring sensor power supply control part, a data transmission part and a data transmission power supply part, wherein a detection signal input port of the central controller is connected with a detection signal output port of the environment parameter monitoring sensor, an electric energy output port of the environment parameter monitoring sensor power supply part is connected with a power supply port of the environment parameter monitoring sensor through the environment parameter monitoring sensor power supply control part, and a data transmission port of the data transmission part is connected with a data transmission port of the central controller.

The environmental parameter monitoring sensor comprises a temperature and humidity sensor, a vibration acceleration sensor, an air pressure sensor, a VOC sensor, a CO2 sensor and a CO sensor.

The air pressure sensor adopts an MEMS air pressure sensor. The capacitive MEMS air pressure sensor has very low temperature drift, greatly improves the temperature stability of the sensor (because the capacitive air pressure chip is insensitive to temperature), can work in a larger temperature range, and keeps high precision in the larger temperature range.

The central controller adopts GD32C103CBT6 chips U1, 10-17 pins of U1 are respectively connected with GM_ADC1, GM_ADC2, USART1_TX, USART1_RX, SPI0_NSS, SPI0_SCK, SPI0_MISO and SPI0_MOSI correspondingly, 29-38 pins of U1 are respectively connected with TJ_SET, USART0_TX, USART0_RX, RX_SET and TX_ SET, NLSWDCLK, NLSWDIO, V5_EN correspondingly, 5 pins of U1 are respectively connected with one end of a resistor R8, one end of a crystal oscillator Y1 and one end of a capacitor C1, the other end of C1 is respectively connected with one end of a GND and one end of a capacitor C2, the other end of C2 is respectively connected with the other end of Y1, the other end of R8 and the 6 pins of U1, the 44 pins of U1 are respectively connected with one end of a resistor R10 and one end of a capacitor C5 through a resistor R9, the other end of U1 is connected with V3.3 and the other end of C5 is connected with GND;

the pin 40 of U1 is connected with V3.3 through a resistor R3 and an indicator light D1 (power-on state indication);

the 1, 2, 5, 6 pins of the W25Q64 JVHXGIQ chip U2 (memory device configuration parameters) are respectively connected with SPI0_NSS, SPI0_MISO, SPI0_MOSI and SPI0_SCK.

The data transmission ports of the temperature and humidity sensor U3 are respectively and correspondingly connected with the aht_scl and the aht_sda (the aht_scl and the aht_sda are I2C interfaces), the data transmission ports of the VOC sensor U4 are respectively and correspondingly connected with the gm_adc1, the data transmission ports of the air pressure sensor U6 are respectively and correspondingly connected with the qma_sda, the qma_scl, the qma_t1 and the qma_t2 (the qma_sda/qma_scl is an I2C signal, the qma_t1/qma_t2 is an interrupt signal), the data transmission ports of the CO sensor U5 are respectively connected with the gm_adc2, the data transmission ports of the vibration acceleration sensor U8 are respectively connected with the dsp_scl, the dsp_sda and the dsp_ti (the dsp_scl is an I2C signal, the dsp_ti is an interrupt signal), and the data transmission ports of the CO2 sensor U7 are respectively connected with the mh_rx, the mh_tx (the ttl_tx, the mh_tx_t 2 is an interrupt signal) in response to the serial mode.

The power supply part of the environmental parameter monitoring sensor comprises an RT9193-25GB chip U11 and an ME6211C33M5G chip U12, wherein the 1 pin of the U11 is connected with V5, the 3 pin of the U11 is connected with RT_EN (the singlechip controls the U11 to work through RT_EN so as to control the on-off of a power supply, and the power consumption is reduced when the unnecessary sensor is turned off), and the 5 pin of the U11 is connected with V2.5;

pin 1 of U12 is connected to pin V5, pin 5 of U12 is connected to pin V3.3.

U11 is used to provide 2.5V voltage and U12 is used to provide 3.3V voltage.

U16 is used to provide power V5.

U1 controls the operation of Q3 and Q4 through v5_en and v3_en. Sensor power supply requiring 5V voltage is controlled by Q1 and Q3, and sensor power supply requiring 3.3V voltage is controlled by Q2 and Q4.

The environmental parameter monitoring sensor power supply control part comprises an AO3400A tube Q3, an AO3400A tube Q4, an AO3401A tube Q1 and an AO3401A tube Q2, wherein the grid electrodes of the Q3 are connected with V5_EN through a resistor R22, the source electrode of the Q3 is connected with GND, the drain electrode of the Q3 is connected with the grid electrode of the Q1, the drain electrode of the Q1 is connected with VO_5, and the source electrode of the Q1 is connected with V5;

The data transmission part comprises an SN74LVC1G3157DBVR chip U13, an SN74LVC1G3157DBVR chip U14, a MAX13487EESA+ chip U9 and a JA1050 chip U10, 1 pin TJ_RX of U13, 3 pin M_RX of U13, 4 pin M_RX of U13 and 6 pin RX_SET of U13;

the U10 pin 1 is connected with M_CAN_T through a resistor R81, the U10 pin 4 is connected with M_CAN_R through a resistor R83, the U10 pin 7 is connected with the 1 pin of the ZJYS51R5-2PT-01 common mode filter L3, the L3 pin 2 is connected with the U10 pin 6, the L3 pin 1 is connected with the PESD1CAN transient suppression diode array D18 (the D18 is arranged for ESD protection), the D18 pin 2 is connected with the L3 pin 2, the D18 pin 3 is connected with GND, the L3 pin 4 is connected with the CAN_H, and the CAN_L and the CAN_H are connected with BF091M (BF 091M is a gas discharge tube for EMC protection).

U9 is the RS485 interface, and U10 is the CAN interface for the sensor data of external transmission collection. Data are transmitted through the two interfaces, so that the application range of the product is improved.

U13 and U14 control RS485 or LIN bus transmission. The U13 and the U14 realize the switching between the LIN bus and the RS485 bus, and can be configured to be the RS485 bus data communication or the LIN bus communication according to the field interface condition, so that the application range of the product is improved. TX_SET is SET low to operate as LIN bus transmitting port, TX_SET is SET high to operate as RS485 internal serial port transmitting port. RX_SET is SET to be low and works as LIN bus receiving port, and RS_SET is SET to be high and works as RS485 internal serial port receiving port.

VBAT is a power port provided by a host device (e.g., a car).

The data transmission power supply part comprises a TPS54202DDCR chip U16 and a TJA1021T chip U15, wherein the 2 pin of the U16 is connected with V5 through an inductor L1, the 3 pin of the U16 is connected with DV12, the 4 pin of the U16 is respectively connected with one end of a resistor R36 and one end of a resistor R34, the other end of the R36 is connected with GND, and the other end of the R34 is connected with V5 through a resistor R32; the pin 5 of the U16 is respectively connected with one end of a resistor R35 and one end of a resistor R33, the other end of the resistor R35 is connected with GND, and the other end of the resistor R33 is connected with DV12; DV12 is connected with V12 through a diode D5 and a fuse F3 in sequence;

TJA1021T chip U15 is a LIN bus controller. The TJA1021T chip is an interface between an interconnect network (LIN) master/slave protocol controller and a physical bus in the LIN. For an on-board sub-network using baud rates from 1Kbd to 20Kbd and is LIN2. The 1/SAEJ2602 standard TJA1021 is needle compatible with TJA1020, with improved electrostatic discharge (ESD) specifications. The protocol controller minimizes electromagnetic emission (EME) by converting the transmission data stream at the transmission data input (TXD) into a bus signal with optimized slew rate and waveform by TJA1021, and the LIN bus output pin is pulled high by the internal termination resistance. The data stream is detected at the LIN bus input pin and transmitted to U1 through pin RXD.

U16 is used to provide 5V power to the data transfer portion.

TJ_RX is the LIN bus controller receiving port, TJ_SET is LIN bus chip dormancy control, C_LIN is the LIN bus, and TJ_TX is the LIN bus controller transmitting port.

The power for V12 is provided by an external power source.

And U1 collects data of all sensors in each period, calculates air density, stores the air density in a storage unit, selects working modes of thermal runaway early warning, bad weather early warning, condensation early warning and vibration monitoring early warning according to set working modes after the air density is calculated, enters corresponding judging modes, and stores an alarm state in an alarm state register according to the following judging method. And after the upper computer issues the reading instruction, the corresponding data is returned to the upper computer.

The central controller and the environmental parameter monitoring sensor are welded on the PCBA circuit board, the PCBA circuit board is arranged in the shell, a buffer installation component is arranged between the PCBA circuit board and the inner wall of the shell, a buffer layer is arranged at the bottom of the PCBA circuit board, and a buffer material is filled between the bottom of the PCBA circuit board and the bottom plate of the shell.

The sampling period of the environmental parameter monitoring sensor signal collected by the central controller is 0.5 s-10 s.

The sampling period of the environmental parameter monitoring sensor signal collected by the central controller is 0.5 s-1 s.

The sensor, the central controller, the power supply part and the data transmission part of the device are all arranged on a PCBA circuit board which is arranged in the shell. When in use, the shell is arranged in a battery PACK/box (PACK), and the sensor monitors the environmental information of the battery module. The transmission line of the device of the utility model is led out through the original feed-through hole on the PACK.

It should be understood that the foregoing detailed description of the present utility model is provided for illustration only and is not limited to the technical solutions described in the embodiments of the present utility model, and those skilled in the art should understand that the present utility model may be modified or substituted for the same technical effects; as long as the use requirement is met, the utility model is within the protection scope of the utility model.

Claims

1. The safety early warning device based on multiple physical parameters for intelligent early warning and security of the energy storage system comprises an environment parameter monitoring sensor, a central controller, an environment parameter monitoring sensor power supply part, an environment parameter monitoring sensor power supply control part, a data transmission part and a data transmission power supply part, and is characterized in that a detection signal input port of the central controller is connected with a detection signal output port of the environment parameter monitoring sensor, an electric energy output port of the environment parameter monitoring sensor power supply part is connected with a power supply port of the environment parameter monitoring sensor through the environment parameter monitoring sensor power supply control part, and a data transmission port of the data transmission part is connected with a data transmission port of the central controller; the environmental parameter monitoring sensor comprises a temperature and humidity sensor, a vibration acceleration sensor, an air pressure sensor, a VOC sensor, a CO2 sensor and a CO sensor.

2. The safety precaution device based on multiple physical parameters for intelligent precaution security of energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that the air pressure sensor adopts MEMS air pressure sensor.

3. The safety precaution device based on multiple physical parameters for intelligent early warning and security of an energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein the central controller adopts a GD32C103CBT6 chip U1, 10-17 pins of U1 are respectively connected with GM_ADC1, GM_ADC2, USART1_TX, USART1_RX, SPI0_NSS, SPI0_SCK, SPI0_MISO and SPI0_MOSI, 29-38 pins of U1 are respectively connected with TJ_SET, USART0_TX, USART0_RX, RX_SET and TX_ SET, NLSWDCLK, NLSWDIO, V5_EN, 5 pins of U1 are respectively connected with one end of a resistor R8, one end of a crystal oscillator Y1 and one end of a capacitor C1, the other end of C1 is respectively connected with GND and one end of a capacitor C2, the other end of C2 is respectively connected with the other end of Y1, the other end of R8 and the 6 pins of U1, 44 pins of U1 are respectively connected with GND through a resistor R9, and 7 pins of U1 are respectively connected with one end of a resistor R10, one end of a capacitor C5, and the other end of R3.3;

4. The safety precaution device based on multiple physical parameters for intelligent precaution and security of an energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein the data transmission port of the temperature and humidity sensor U3 is correspondingly connected with the aht_scl and the aht_sda respectively, the data transmission port of the VOC sensor U4 is connected with the gm_adc1, the data transmission port of the air pressure sensor U6 is correspondingly connected with the qma_sda, the qma_scl, the qma_t1 and the qma_t2 respectively, the data transmission port of the CO sensor U5 is connected with the gm_adc2, the data transmission port of the vibration acceleration sensor U8 is correspondingly connected with the dsp_scl, the dsp_sda and the dsp_ti respectively, and the data transmission port of the CO2 sensor U7 is correspondingly connected with the mh_rx and the mh_tx respectively.

5. The safety precaution device based on multiple physical parameters for intelligent precaution and security of an energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein the power supply part of the environmental parameter monitoring sensor comprises a RT9193-25GB chip U11 and a ME6211C33M5G chip U12, 1 pin V5 of U11, 3 pin RT_EN of U11 and 5 pin V2.5 of U11;

pin 1 of U12 is connected to pin V5, pin 5 of U12 is connected to pin V3.3.

6. The safety precaution device based on multiple physical parameters for intelligent precaution and security protection of an energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein the power supply control part of the environmental parameter monitoring sensor comprises an AO3400A tube Q3, an AO3400A tube Q4, an AO3401A tube Q1 and an AO3401A tube Q2, the grid electrode of the Q3 is connected with V5_EN through a resistor R22, the source electrode of the Q3 is connected with GND, the drain electrode of the Q3 is connected with the grid electrode of the Q1, the drain electrode of the Q1 is connected with VO_5, and the source electrode of the Q1 is connected with V5;

7. The safety precaution device based on multiple physical parameters for intelligent precaution and security of energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein the data transmission part comprises a SN74LVC1G3157DBVR chip U13, a SN74LVC1G3157DBVR chip U14, a MAX13487eesa+ chip U9 and a JA1050 chip U10, 1 pin tj_rx of U13, 3 pin m_rx of U13, 4 pin m_rx of U13, 6 pin rx_set of U13;

8. The safety precaution device based on multiple physical parameters for intelligent precaution and security of an energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein the data transmission power supply part comprises a TPS54202DDCR chip U16 and a TJA1021T chip U15, 2 pins of the U16 are connected with V5 through an inductor L1, 3 pins of the U16 are connected with DV12, 4 pins of the U16 are respectively connected with one end of a resistor R36 and one end of a resistor R34, the other end of the R36 is connected with GND, and the other end of the R34 is connected with V5 through a resistor R32; the pin 5 of the U16 is respectively connected with one end of a resistor R35 and one end of a resistor R33, the other end of the resistor R35 is connected with GND, and the other end of the resistor R33 is connected with DV12; DV12 is connected with V12 through a diode D5 and a fuse F3 in sequence;